This is the 8th lecture in our course on the philosophy of climate change. Here we look at how we gain knowledge about the climate system. We examine climate data and climate models, as well as the uses of these methods and tools.
This is lecture 7 in a course on the philosophy of climate change. Here we look briefly at the historical and social importance of institutionalized science. Then we look at climate science institutions with a focus on the IPCC and conclude briefly with a glance at climate science as it is institutionalized in the US
6. Climate science as body of knowledgeAdam Briggle
The sixth lecture in the philosophy of climate change. It covers ten basic points about climate science, offers one note of caution, and distills two key implications.
This is the 7th lesson the course - Climate Change & Global Environment taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Modeling the Climate System: Is model-based science like model-based engineer...Steve Easterbrook
Keynote Talk given at the ACM/IEEE 18th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (Models 2015), Ottawa, September 2015.
This is lecture 7 in a course on the philosophy of climate change. Here we look briefly at the historical and social importance of institutionalized science. Then we look at climate science institutions with a focus on the IPCC and conclude briefly with a glance at climate science as it is institutionalized in the US
6. Climate science as body of knowledgeAdam Briggle
The sixth lecture in the philosophy of climate change. It covers ten basic points about climate science, offers one note of caution, and distills two key implications.
This is the 7th lesson the course - Climate Change & Global Environment taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Modeling the Climate System: Is model-based science like model-based engineer...Steve Easterbrook
Keynote Talk given at the ACM/IEEE 18th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (Models 2015), Ottawa, September 2015.
Improving scientific graphics of climate (change) dataZachary Labe
Creating visuals of data is a critical part of our jobs as scientists. We use figures for journal publications, presentations, posters, and science communication. This week we'll discuss a framework for making better figures, particularly in the climate sciences. I will also give examples of what not to do, and how we can improve these figures moving forward. e
Climate science part 3 - climate models and predicted climate changeLPE Learning Center
Many lines of evidence, from ice cores to marine deposits, indicate that Earth’s temperature, sea level, and distribution of plant and animal species have varied substantially throughout history. Ice cores from Antarctica suggest that over the past 400,000 years global temperature has varied as much as 10 degrees Celsius through ice ages and periods warmer than today. Before human influence, natural factors (such as the pattern of earth’s orbit and changes in ocean currents) are believed to be responsible for climate changes. For more, visit: http://www.extension.org/69150
The case for addressing climate change with machineHiteshPandharkar
The presentation intends to explain global warming, where our understanding of the problem is not enough, and how machine learning can help us tackle the problem.
What is the difference when talking about weather versus climate? How do you measure and describe the atmosphere? How are models used in predicting weather or climate? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
Animal agriculture adaptation planning guide (climate change)LPE Learning Center
This 44-page publication produced by the AACC project is a planning guide to help guide farmers through the process of future farm planning considering climate change.
Format: Factsheet or Publication - Reference: Schmidt, D., E. Whitefield, D. Smith. 2014. Produced for Animal Agriculture in a Changing Climate Project.
Communicating Arctic climate change through data-driven storiesZachary Labe
Arctic Science Summit Week 2021 (Session 2: “The 4 Essential Cs - Coordination, Communication, Community, and Collaboration”):
In this presentation, I will discuss the power of sharing Arctic climate change information through accessible and engaging data visualizations. In particular, I will focus on using social media (Twitter) as one tool for communicating science to broad audiences.
What are some of the basic principles and terminology involved in climate change? Learn more about the Earth's atmosphere, energy balance, and how the greenhouse effect can alter both climate and weather. What is climate forcing? What is climate feedback? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
Forbes co2 and temperature presentation for earth day at cua april 22 2015 ...Kevin Forbes
Extended Abstract
Introduction
While the vast majority of climate scientists have concluded that the changes in the climate over the past few decades can be attributed to human activity [Doran and Zimmerman, 2009], there has been a degree of reluctance to attribute specific weather events to elevated CO2 concentrations. For example, Coumou and Rahmstorf [2012] have noted that there has been an exceptionally high incidence of extreme weather events over the past decade and that some of the events can be linked to climate change but nevertheless concede that particular events “cannot be directly attributed to global warming.” Moreover, the World Meteorological Organization has noted that the incidence of extreme weather events matches IPCC projections, but qualifies this conclusion by stating that “it is impossible to say that an individual weather or climate event was “caused” by climate change….” [World Meteorological Organization, 2011, p 15]. This claim of “attribution impossibility” is not a minor shortcoming; it leaves the causes of extreme events open to question, allowing climate skeptics to attribute the increased incidence of extreme events to so-called “natural variability.” In the United States, this has undermined the political consensus necessary to adopt robust, cost-effective policies to reduce CO2 emissions.
This paper explores the relationship between CO2 and weather by addressing whether there is a causal relationship between the atmospheric concentration level of carbon dioxide and hourly temperature. The analysis begins by noting that traditional correlation analysis is not capable of addressing whether there is a causal relationship between CO2 and temperature because statistical methods alone cannot render results that establish or reject causality between two variables that are contemporaneously correlated. Nevertheless, it is possible to address the issue of causality by using more advanced statistical techniques.
An Approach to Establishing Causality
This paper addresses the issue of causality between CO2 and temperature by following the research of the Nobel Laureate Clive Granger [1969], who defined causality in terms of whether lagged values of a variable lead to more accurate predictions of some other variable. In his words, “The definition of causality …is based entirely on the predictability of the some series, say Xt. If some other series Yt, contains information in past terms that helps in the prediction of Xt … then Yt is said to cause Xt.” [Granger, 1969, p 430]. This study embraces this view of causality by examining whether lagged values of CO2 lead to more accurate forecasts of temperature. The specific approach adopted here is to exploit the diurnal nature of the variation in the hourly CO2 concentration levels by using the CO2 concentration level in hour t – 24 as an explanatory variable. This variable has a 0.96 correlation with the CO2 level in hour t but i
Improving scientific graphics of climate (change) dataZachary Labe
Creating visuals of data is a critical part of our jobs as scientists. We use figures for journal publications, presentations, posters, and science communication. This week we'll discuss a framework for making better figures, particularly in the climate sciences. I will also give examples of what not to do, and how we can improve these figures moving forward. e
Climate science part 3 - climate models and predicted climate changeLPE Learning Center
Many lines of evidence, from ice cores to marine deposits, indicate that Earth’s temperature, sea level, and distribution of plant and animal species have varied substantially throughout history. Ice cores from Antarctica suggest that over the past 400,000 years global temperature has varied as much as 10 degrees Celsius through ice ages and periods warmer than today. Before human influence, natural factors (such as the pattern of earth’s orbit and changes in ocean currents) are believed to be responsible for climate changes. For more, visit: http://www.extension.org/69150
The case for addressing climate change with machineHiteshPandharkar
The presentation intends to explain global warming, where our understanding of the problem is not enough, and how machine learning can help us tackle the problem.
What is the difference when talking about weather versus climate? How do you measure and describe the atmosphere? How are models used in predicting weather or climate? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
Animal agriculture adaptation planning guide (climate change)LPE Learning Center
This 44-page publication produced by the AACC project is a planning guide to help guide farmers through the process of future farm planning considering climate change.
Format: Factsheet or Publication - Reference: Schmidt, D., E. Whitefield, D. Smith. 2014. Produced for Animal Agriculture in a Changing Climate Project.
Communicating Arctic climate change through data-driven storiesZachary Labe
Arctic Science Summit Week 2021 (Session 2: “The 4 Essential Cs - Coordination, Communication, Community, and Collaboration”):
In this presentation, I will discuss the power of sharing Arctic climate change information through accessible and engaging data visualizations. In particular, I will focus on using social media (Twitter) as one tool for communicating science to broad audiences.
What are some of the basic principles and terminology involved in climate change? Learn more about the Earth's atmosphere, energy balance, and how the greenhouse effect can alter both climate and weather. What is climate forcing? What is climate feedback? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
Forbes co2 and temperature presentation for earth day at cua april 22 2015 ...Kevin Forbes
Extended Abstract
Introduction
While the vast majority of climate scientists have concluded that the changes in the climate over the past few decades can be attributed to human activity [Doran and Zimmerman, 2009], there has been a degree of reluctance to attribute specific weather events to elevated CO2 concentrations. For example, Coumou and Rahmstorf [2012] have noted that there has been an exceptionally high incidence of extreme weather events over the past decade and that some of the events can be linked to climate change but nevertheless concede that particular events “cannot be directly attributed to global warming.” Moreover, the World Meteorological Organization has noted that the incidence of extreme weather events matches IPCC projections, but qualifies this conclusion by stating that “it is impossible to say that an individual weather or climate event was “caused” by climate change….” [World Meteorological Organization, 2011, p 15]. This claim of “attribution impossibility” is not a minor shortcoming; it leaves the causes of extreme events open to question, allowing climate skeptics to attribute the increased incidence of extreme events to so-called “natural variability.” In the United States, this has undermined the political consensus necessary to adopt robust, cost-effective policies to reduce CO2 emissions.
This paper explores the relationship between CO2 and weather by addressing whether there is a causal relationship between the atmospheric concentration level of carbon dioxide and hourly temperature. The analysis begins by noting that traditional correlation analysis is not capable of addressing whether there is a causal relationship between CO2 and temperature because statistical methods alone cannot render results that establish or reject causality between two variables that are contemporaneously correlated. Nevertheless, it is possible to address the issue of causality by using more advanced statistical techniques.
An Approach to Establishing Causality
This paper addresses the issue of causality between CO2 and temperature by following the research of the Nobel Laureate Clive Granger [1969], who defined causality in terms of whether lagged values of a variable lead to more accurate predictions of some other variable. In his words, “The definition of causality …is based entirely on the predictability of the some series, say Xt. If some other series Yt, contains information in past terms that helps in the prediction of Xt … then Yt is said to cause Xt.” [Granger, 1969, p 430]. This study embraces this view of causality by examining whether lagged values of CO2 lead to more accurate forecasts of temperature. The specific approach adopted here is to exploit the diurnal nature of the variation in the hourly CO2 concentration levels by using the CO2 concentration level in hour t – 24 as an explanatory variable. This variable has a 0.96 correlation with the CO2 level in hour t but i
Climate Change as an Entrepreneurial Challenge: A virtual talk for the St. L...Jonathan Koomey
In this talk I explain why climate change is the biggest challenge humanity has ever faced, and describe the lessons for entrepreneurs that follow from our scientific knowledge about climate change. It focuses on "working forward toward a goal", a business oriented framing of the problem that will be familiar to any executive whose organization has had to understand and tackle a big problem. I gave this talk via Skype on July 27, 2014. It's similar to this one: http://www.slideshare.net/jgkoomey/koomeys-talk-at-clean-tech-open-sf-event-m
Carbon CycleThis module uses a variety of sources to educate.docxtidwellveronique
Carbon Cycle
This module uses a variety of sources to educate you about the carbon cycle and current theories of climate. In this module, you will use resources that have opposing views about the impact of humans on the carbon cycle and global climate.
Of the many, many, different theories about climate change, we are only presenting a few. Our attempt in this activity is to give a few examples illustrating the complexity involved in studying the environment and the impact of bias on scientific research.
A. The carbon cycle is currently in the news as people look for explanations for changes in climate. This issue provides excellent examples of bias in the presentation of information.
What is bias in relation to science and reporting? Use any online dictionary and search for “bias”. Write the definition that relates to bias in science and reporting.
Answer:
Does being biased necessarily mean that you are wrong?
Yes
No
B. Theories Explaining Climate Change:
Climate fluctuations have long been observed to be cyclical. Theories explaining the variations include the following:
· Human Cause. Humans are responsible for an increase in greenhouse gases that is causing the Earth to warm up and change the climate.
· Natural Cycle. The climate changes observed are cyclical and natural.
· Volcanic Events. Volcanoes cause variations in the ability of the Earth’s atmosphere to absorb energy.
· Astronomical Cause. The Milankivitch Theory asserts that climate changes are caused by changes in the tilt of the Earth’s axis. Changes in some areas are balanced by opposite changes in other areas.
· Variations if Energy Output from the Sun. Variations in heat from the sun causes drastic changes in climate.
C. Two movies shown in movie theaters have energized the “Global Climate Change” controversy. Evaluate the following movies using the questions on the next page. All information for this page is contained on the websites linked below. If you would like to learn more, you may be able to rent the movies.
Movie 1: An Inconvenient Truth
Website: http://www.takepart.com/an-inconvenient-truth Click the link “The Film” on the top tab and evaluate the reading list on the right side of the page. Much information was removed from the original website, however, the RealClimate website mostly supports the movie and provides a review at http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/05/al-gores-movie/.
The website for An Inconvenient Truth has removed the original science pages and the "Hockey Stick" graphic that was one of its main graphics. It now links the following information from its official website at takepart.com:
Purpose Statement. Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth.
· An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human use of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air.
· The gases ...
A typical problem in environmental epidemiological studies concerns environmental exposure assessment. In this talk, we will discuss challenges to environmental exposure assessment and we will showcase and discuss statistical methods that have been developed to obtain estimates of environmental exposure (e.g. air pollution, temperature). Further we will discuss whether and how uncertainty in the environmental exposure has been and can be incorporated in health analyses.
Qualitative Research, Smriti Das, TERI UniversityESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
Koomey's talk at the Clean Tech Open SF event, April 2, 2014Jonathan Koomey
This is the talk I gave at the Clean Tech Open SF event on April 2, 2014, which was held at Impact Hub San Francisco. It summarizes findings from my latest book, Cold Cash, Cool Climate: http://amzn.to/Av0O9O
Thermal Preference: An analysis alternative approache to estimatethermalcomfo...IJERA Editor
Thermal comfort phenomenon is usually studied from thermal sensation perspectives on immediate environments from people’s perception; however, there is another key factor little if anything explored in this field which reinforces this acceptance/rejection physiological process: thermal preference. It is advisable, therefore, to analyze the thermal comfort from this approach that allows to explore it as a phenomenon of individual appreciation. This study is intended to estimate the local thermal comfort through the analysis of thermal preference using a sample of young adult residents of Pachuca city, in Hidalgo, México (semi-cold climate) during extreme thermal periods of a typical year: cold and warm. The data were processed using the “Average Interval of Thermal Sensation” (MIST)method, the results were evaluated applying Auliciems & Szokolaymathematical equations [1], as well as thermal sensation values previously estimated by the author. The results showed differences in terms of reference values of comparison; suggesting that Thermal Sensation (TS) analysis provides more consistent values than those obtained via the Thermal Preference (TP) analysis. Nonetheless, it allowed to infer that while the TS values implies a tolerable thermal range scenario, the TP analysis offers the idealization of thermal pleasing conditions.
Similar to 8. Climate Change: Climate science as methods and tools (20)
Modern Philosophy and Climate Change.pptxAdam Briggle
Part 1 of a 2 part series on the root causes of climate change. This part introduces the question and then develops a problem-oriented way to understand climate change.
We examine climate justice as the explicit framing of climate change as an ethical and political issue. We first look at justice broadly, then environmental justice, and then climate justice. We conclude with a question about justice as degrowth or green growth.
28. Climate Change: Ethics and Collective Action ProblemsAdam Briggle
We explore climate ethics through the lens of collective action problems. We discuss Garret Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" and two critiques of that seminal essay. We then wrap up by looking at Project Drawdown.
27. Joe Biden: Fracking and Climate ChangeAdam Briggle
This lecture looks at fracking and its development during Biden's term as VP and then takes a big picture overview of Biden's climate plan as a Presidential candidate.
26. Climate Change: Deregulation, Energy Dominance, and the Trump AdministrationAdam Briggle
I make the case that the Trump Administration lacks a climate change platform (other than ignoring, denying, or downplaying its importance). I then argue that this is because climate change has no place in its story about the American way of life. We look at this story with a focus on the central pillars of deregulation and energy dominance, where 'energy' means fossil fuels. Finally, we discuss how this is not ecomodernism.
We look at the idea of widescale electrification of the economy as a major climate policy framework and solution. We put this in the context of the Standards, Investments, and Justice "new consensus" on climate policy.
23. Climate Change: Carbon Pricing and BeyondAdam Briggle
We look at a new Renaissance in climate policy among the US left - a shift from making carbon more expensive to making green energy cheaper. This is a shift from narrow pricing tactics to an overarching industrial policy.
In this lecture, we survey the main kinds of climate policy options and then discuss how we might go about selecting the best ones. This is a general introduction to climate policies, which will be explored in more details in the following lectures.
19. Climate Change: Climate change and capitalismAdam Briggle
Here we use economics as a theory of climate politics with a focus on capitalism. We use Locke's thinking to describe what capitalism is and then ask whether climate change requires a systematic end to capitalism or whether any climate solution will need to come from within the imperatives of capitalism.
In this talk we first step into a doomsday worldview about climate change and make the case for that perspective. Then we step outside of that perspective to reflect on worldviews and climate change.
16. Climate Change: Media, climate, and cancel cultureAdam Briggle
In this lecture, we look at the balancing act between rights-defending and truth-telling when it comes to media representation of views about climate change.
15. Climate Change: Climate politics as propagandaAdam Briggle
Here we wrap up our third theory of climate politics, which emphasizes the role of powerful and rich interests groups (the carbon industrial complex). We use "Merchants of Doubt" and other resources to develop a certain Realpolitik of climate change.
14. Climate Change: Climate politics as paradoxAdam Briggle
This lecture examines another theory about the persistence of controversies in climate politics, despite growing scientific research. We develop a theory, evaluate it, and compare it to other ways of picturing the politics of climate change.
13. Climate Change: Climate politics as applied scienceAdam Briggle
This lecture is the first of three to theorize climate politics. Here, we look at the theory of politics as applied science or the "linear model." We explore the history of this theory and evaluate its merits.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
3. Outline
• Science in General
• Method: Science as “epistemically special”
• Tools: Quantification (temperature – lived and measured)
• Two Approaches to Climate Science
• Climate data
• Climate modeling
• Three Uses of Climate Science Methods and Tools
• Detection
• Attribution
• Projections
4. The methods of science
• Appeal to nature (physis and logos) in a
non-narrative rationality
• Standards for testing/verifying/falsifying
claims
• Proof-in-the pudding: predictions and
technologies that function
• Implication: Epistemically special
(privileged access to truth/reality) and
privileged in decision-making.
5. Scientific Tools
“Man is the measure of all
things” “The same wind blows
hot or cold…”
Tools allow quantification and
measurement in ‘objective’
ways: temp, precip, pressure,
GHG concs, time…
Thermometer based on energy
as a universal currency,
convertible, and measurable
with standard units.
10. Climate Data 3
• Paleoclimate Reconstructions
• Use proxies:
• Ice cores
• Tree rings
• Fossils
• Lake sediments
• More
11. Climate
Modeling
“Climate models use equations to
represent the processes and
interactions that drive the Earth’s
climate…The models are based on
the same laws and equations that
underpin scientists’ understanding
of the…Earth system.”
https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-
models-work
14. Types of Models
• GCMs: Global Circulation or Global Climate (atmosphere, ocean, heat
balance)
• ESMs: Earth System – GCMs ‘pimped’ to include vegetation,
biogeochemical cycles, and more
• IAMs: Integrated Assessment – account for social factors (economics,
GHG emissions, policies, development, etc.)
• (Also RCMs: Regional Climate Models)
15. Model Inputs and Outputs
• Inputs:
• Forcings: especially GHG “emissions scenarios”
• Most models use one or several RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) –
plausible descriptions of the future based on socio-economic scenarios.
• Outputs:
• A picture of what the climate system will look like, with different kinds and amounts of
variables (e.g., temps, precipitation, wind speeds, etc.) on varying scales of resolution.
• Climate sensitivity – estimates about how sensitive Earth is to increases in GHG
concentrations.
• How well have they done?
https://www.instagram.com/p/BZ38rf7F3al/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=embed_video_watch_again
16. Three Uses of Climate Methods and Tools
• Detection: Did the climate change?
• “the process of demonstrating that climate or a system affected by climate has
changed in some defined statistical sense, without providing a reason for that
change.” (IPCC-glossary: 1452)
• Attribution: What caused the observed change?
• Extreme event attribution as a growing field…not so much ‘cause’ as ‘increase
likelihood’ or ‘increase severity’
• (The “consensus position” – it is “virtually certain” that mean surface temps.
have increased since 1950 and it is “extremely likely” that more than half of
this increase is due to anthropogenic GHG emissions).
• Projections: If we do X, what will the future look like?
17. Summary
• Climate science is multi-method, multi-tools, multi-disciplinary
• It uses theories and natural laws, observations, and models to
understand, explain, and predict the climate.
• Growing bodies of research bolster both a broad consensus and
ongoing debates/uncertainties.
• We should wonder… do we need more and more science? Is
knowledge the end in itself or a means to action? What kind of
research is relevant and needed now?
18. “If you feel like
you know less
now than you did
before, that’s
probably a
success!”
-- Admiral
Ackbar