Cement: Manufacture, composition and setting. Glass: Manufacture – Annealing - Types of glasses and uses.

1. Mixture of calcium silicate and aluminate which hardens in water

2.  Limestone+ clay made a slurry
 Heated to 1500 ºC in a large steel rotary kiln
lined with bricks
 Cement clinker cooled to 150 C mix with
gypsum and ground to a fine powder

3.  CaO-50-60
 SiO2-20-25
 Al2O3-5-10
 MgO-2-3
 Fe2O3 - 1-2
 SO3 – 1-2

4.  Cement mixed with half the amount of water
is quite plastic and can easily applied to
masonry or concrete. But as the mixture
dries, it sets into a harder mass.

5. •A supercooled liquid
•Highly viscous molten silicates on cooling gives glass
•Transparent

6.  Ordinary glass-silicates of sodium
and calcium
 Raw materials-
 sand, sodium carbonate,
calcium carbonate
 Na2CO3 + SiO2  Na2SiO3 + CO2
 CaCO3 + SiO2  CaSiO3 + CO2

7.  Cooling the molten viscous liquid at a
moderate speed or optimum rate

8.  Soda glass
 potash glass
 flint glass
 Pyrex glass
 Jena glass
 Crookes glassground glass
 safety glass
 Crown glass
 Coloured glass

9.  Soda glass
 Soft glass/ordinary glass-low mp
 Sand, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate
 potash glass
 Hard glass- high mp
 Sand, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate
 Flint glass
 Sand, lead carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium
carbonate, calcium carbonate
 Heavy and durable-lense, prism, telescopic lense
 Pyrex glass
 Borosilicate glass
 Lab glassware and cookware which can withstand high temp

10.  Jena glass
 Thermometer, vessels, optical wares
 A type of borosilicate glass
 Crookes glass
 P and Pb oxide+ some cerium oxide
 Absorb UV
 ground glass
 Matt finish for surface by rubbing
 To ensure privacy -window panes
 safety glass
 Vehicles
 Crown glass
 Optical instruments-silica partly replaced by P2O5
 Coloured glass
 CoO, Cu2O, MnO2-blue, red, violet glasses

11. Thank you