The document outlines various social interactions and communication strategies, such as making suggestions, offers, requests, apologies, and giving advice. It includes vocabulary and phrases suitable for different contexts, including invitations, directions, opinions, and expressions of gratitude and sympathy. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding roles in specific environments like shops, offices, and social gatherings.

1. 1Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy
1- The Situations
Situation ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬ Agree- Accept –Approval ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﻪ‬ Refuse-disagree-decline-oppose‫رﻓﺾ‬
1-Suggestion: Let's‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ………
WhatHow about + v + ing…...?
- It's a good idea.
- All right/That sounds good.
-I am not very keen.
-I'd like to but I 'd rather‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
2-Offer ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ Can I help you? -Yes, please , that is kind of you No, thank you.
3-Request = ask. ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ to ‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫أﻧﺖ‬
-Could I you ‫,…اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬please ?
You are asked to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ *
-With pleasure/ Yes , of course
-I'd love to but I can't.
-I'm sorry, I can't.I am busy
- Would you mind + v + ing.....? -No, I wouldn’t mind . ( ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ) Yes, of course I would ‫رﻓﺾ‬
5-Invitation ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻮة‬
-May I invite you to ‫?…اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
- I would love to.
- With pleasure. OK
-I'd like to but I can't.
-I have other things to do.
6-Direction ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ Giving information ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﻪ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬ Expressing ignorance ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
Excuse me, how can I go to ‫ﻣ‬‫ﻜﺎن‬ …? - Go ahead, and then turn left. -I am sorry, I have no idea.
7-Opinion ‫اﻟﺮأى‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ Agreeing with an opinion Disagreeing with an opinion
-What's your opinion of….? I)completely(agree. -I do not think so. It is ‫اﻟﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬
8-Apology ‫اﻷﻋﺘﺬار‬ Accept forgiveness ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎح‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻮ‬ Not accepting Blaming ‫اﻟﻠﻮم‬
I'm sorry./ I'd rather not ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ Never mind / Don't worry -Oh !no .I blame you for(not) v+ing
9-Advice: You should +‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬What should I do ? ‫ﻧﺼﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
10-Advice reply : ‫اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮد‬
-Yes, you are right. I will try that.
11-Congratulation ‫ﺗﻬﻨﺌﺔ‬
-Congratulations / Well done
12- Doubt‫ﺷــﻚ‬ Uncertainty
-May be./In my opinion it is…
13-Good wishes ‫ﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫أﻣﻨﻴﺎت‬
I hope you speedy recovery.
14-Good(bad)news(sympathy ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬
-What good (bad) news!/ I am sorry
15- Introduction ‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫ﻷول‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬
-This is my friend‫اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
16-Wishesambition ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫أﻣﻨﻴﻪ‬
- My ambition is to be ‫اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔ‬‫ﻪ‬
17-Giving a thing ‫ﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺊ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬
- OK, here you are.
18-Greeting (‫ﺮة‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻷول‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫*)اﻟﺘﺤﻴ‬ How do
you do? * I am pleased to meet you.
19-Thankig :‫اﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬ Thank you
Not not at all Don't mention it
20 -Cheking / making sure ‫ﺗﺎآﻴﺪ‬
- You like…, don't you ? ‫ﻣﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺆال‬
21-Making deduction/ sure ‫اﻷﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ must be../ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ must have +PP…
22-impression ‫اﻻﻧﻄﺒﺎع‬
-What's your impression about …?
23- unexpected meeting ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ‬
What a surprise!/Fancy meeting you!
24-Asking for permission ‫اذن‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ Giving Permission ‫اذن‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬ Refusing permission ‫اﻷذن‬ ‫رﻓﺾ‬
-May I ‫,.…ﻣﺼﺪر‬Please ? - Certainly. Of course, you can. -Sorry, you can't. I am afraid
25-Expressing Interest How interesting! Is that right? Expressing Surprise Really? / Good Heavens!
26-Asking for information ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬
Excuse me, could I ask you some questions about..?
Giving information ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫إﻋﻄﺎء‬
Yes, of course. / Yes, certainly./ Yes, that's fine.
27-Asking for an explanation Can you explain
why…?/How on earth…?/Could you tell me how/why…?
Giving an explanation ‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬
Let me explain….. I'll explain that to you……….
28-Wishes ‫اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺎت‬ I wish + ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + could/ would + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
I wish I had+ p.p ……… My goal is to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
Regrets‫اﻟﻨﺪم‬ disappointed ‫اﻷﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺒﺔ‬ I am sorry that
…/I am disappointed that …. I regret + v + ing …
29-Likes ‫اﻟﺤﺐ‬ I am a big fan of ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﺐ‬ I prefer/
love… I am fond of … I am mad ( crazy) about
Dislikes ‫اﻟﻜﺮاهﻴﺔ‬ I am not keen on .. I don't enjoy
… I can't stand…………… ( ‫)ﻻأﻃﻴﻖ‬
30-Asking for reasons‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ Can you tell me why + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ...
‫?..ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ What is the reason for ..? What is the cause of…?
Persuation ‫اﻷﻗﻨﺎع‬ Why don't you..? I think you should..
31-Intention Planning ‫وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬ I am going to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
Arrangements‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ I am + v + ing ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
Prediction‫ﺗﻨﺒﺆ‬ I think I will / ‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ v to be + going to
32-Give warning‫اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬ Be careful or you will‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ …..
Don't ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ …..Watch out! Beware ! …… ‫اﺣﺬر‬
Respond to Warning ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮد‬ It is OK . Why
not ?- Don't worry I will take care. Thank you.
33-Interview QuestionsDo you have (a driving licence)?
/Could you tell me why you want to work for us?
Answers Yes, I do./ As I have the right qualifications
for this job.
34-Planning Prediction ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ am, is ,are + going to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ 35-You ask if / whether … ‫ﺑﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮال‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺄل‬
35-Instructions ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬ Can you show me how to....?
How can I operate…? / How does (this…) work?
Giving Instructions : First ….., then……….
First, switch it on, then press the red button
Nassif:the speakers and the functions By,The Places-2
places ‫اﻷﻣﺎآﻦ‬ speakers ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺛﻴﻦ‬ Functions ‫اﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
company/ office ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬-‫ﺷﺮآﻪ‬ the interviewer applicant offering help ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬
clothes shop ‫ﻣﻼﺑﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ a shop assistant a customer request ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
a sports club ‫رﻳﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدى‬ member/ trainer secretary inquiry ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎر‬
library ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ librarian student invitation ‫دﻋﻮة‬
radio / Tv studio ‫اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬ presenter/astronaut guest ( ‫)وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ suggestion ‫اﻗﺘﺮاح‬
street /police station ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ‬ Policeman / driver reporter ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬ giving orders ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬

2. 2Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy
hotel ‫ﻓﻨﺪق‬ receptionist resident/client blaming ‫ﻟﻮم‬
computer centre ‫آﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ‬ programmer customer warning ‫ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬
plane ‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮة‬ air hostess passenger greetings ‫ﺗﺤﻴﺎ‬‫ت‬
hospitalclinic ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‬-‫ﻋﻴﺎدة‬ a doctor a patient asking for opinion ‫اﻟﺮأئ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺆال‬
a home/ kitchen ‫ﻣﻨﺰل‬ mother/ father/host son/daughter giving opinion ‫رأئ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬
zoo/ park ‫ﺣﻴﻮان‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﻘﻪ‬ visitor keeper introducing people ‫أﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬
stationery shop ‫ﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻪ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻜﺘﺐ‬ customer salesman wishes / hopes ‫اﻣﺎﻧﻰ‬‫أﻣﺎل‬
street taxi ‫ﺷﺎرع‬–‫ﺗﺎآﺴﻰ‬ passenger taxi driver giving advice ‫ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬
pharmacy / chemist's ‫ﺻﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬ chemist client accepting / agreeing ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
café / restaurant ‫ﻣﻘﻬﻰ‬‫ﻣﻄﻌﻢ‬ waiter client refusing / disagreeing ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬‫رﻓﺾ‬
company / firm ‫ﺷﺮآﻪ‬ a visitor/ manager a secretary deduction ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‬
school / class room / lab ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ‬ a student a teacher taking permission ‫أ‬‫ﻳﺄ‬‫اذن‬ ‫ﺧﺬ‬
travel agency ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬)‫وآﺎﻟﻪ‬(‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬ a travel agent a traveller making an apology ‫اﻋﺘﺰار‬
airport/ customs ‫ﻣﻄﺎر‬‫ﺟﻤﺮك‬ airport employee a traveller approval#dis approval ‫اﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎن‬‫ﻋﺪم‬
a clinic dentist's ‫اﺳﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎدﻩ‬ dentist patient expressing regret ‫اﻟﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬
a coach bus ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺣﻰ‬ ‫أﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬ tour guide tourist giving instructions ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬
train / bus ‫ﻗﻄﺎر‬ conductor passenger forgiving ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻮ‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺢ‬
ambulance ‫اﺳﻌﺎف‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎرة‬ patient paramedic uncertainty / guessing ‫اﻟﺘﺄآﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬
museum / site ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻒ‬ tour guide a tourist recommendations ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬–‫ﻣﺪح‬
maintenance center ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ‬ technician customer giving information ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬
playground ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫أرض‬ referee player thanking gratitude ‫اﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬‫اﻣﺘﻨﺎن‬
barber's shop ‫ﺣﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ barber client congratulation / joy ‫ﺗﻬﻨﺌﺔ‬‫ﻓﺮﺣﺔ‬
cinema / theater ‫ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ usher / employee an audience Sympathy / sorrow ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻒ‬‫ﺣﺰن‬
beach ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ‬ father/ mother son/ daughter expressing fear /worry ‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﻟﺨﻮف‬‫ﻗﻠﻖ‬
bank ‫ﺑﻨﻚ‬ customer /tourist a bank clerk surprise / interest ‫اﻟﺪهﺸﺔ‬‫اﻷهﺘﻤﺎم‬
court/ lawyer's ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ judge / lawyer accused man askig questions ‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Alien's ‫اﻷﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ visitor/foreigner emplyee giving answers ‫اﺟﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء‬
Unit ( 1)
examine (a patient,damage, picture) ‫ﻳﻔﺤﺺ‬ gravity (falling on the ground) (zero) ‫ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ‬/‫ﺧﻄﻮرة‬
launch (a rocket , a new ship ,a sat) ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬/‫اﻃﻼق‬ gymnastics (do) ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎز‬ ‫أﻟﻌﺎب‬
leak (tap , gas tube, cup,tank ,pipe) ‫رﺷﺢ‬/‫ﺗﺴﺮب‬ side effects / look down ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎر‬‫ﻳﺤﺘﻘﺮ‬–‫أﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬
mission = task ( space invasion) ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬/‫ﺑﻌﺜﺔ‬/‫ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳﺔ‬ spin / spun (v) ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺪور‬)‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬(
secret (password) ‫ﺳﺮ‬/‫ﺳﺮى‬ spoke (wheel – bike – bicycle ) ‫اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻚ‬
system ( sat-nav ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ‬ control ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻈﺎم‬ ) ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ distance (from..tobetween) ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬/‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
currently ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬/‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ weightless (difficult to stand still) ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻳﻢ‬
location (new) ( map) ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ weightlessness / (do)space walk ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﻧﻌﺪام‬
space shuttle (launch)( exploration) ‫ﻓﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮك‬ orbit (the earth) ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫ﻳﺪور‬)‫ﺷ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺊ‬‫أﺧﺮ‬(
magical feeling / astronaut ‫ﺳﺤﺮى‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻮر‬‫ﻓﻀﺎء‬ ‫راﺋﺪ‬ the anniversary of ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬآﺮى‬
Unit ( 2)
classics (‫)ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬‫اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻻدب‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ coronation ( the king ,queen) ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻳﺞ‬
couple ( people married minutes days) ‫زوﺟﺎن‬ alike / put …down ‫ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑ‬‫ﻬﺎن‬‫ﺷﺄن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﻞ‬-‫ﻳﺤﻘﺮ‬
debate (organized discussion) ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬/‫ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮة‬/‫ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬ attend (school –coronation - occasion ) ‫ﻳﺤﻀﺮ‬
escapism (read ) ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺮوب‬ castle ( protect from any attack ) ‫ﻗﻠﻌﺔ‬
fictional story ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ v to have + the right to ( vote) ‫ﻟﻪ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻖ‬
publication (novel,book) ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ‬/‫ﻧﺸﺮ‬ occasion / on December 3 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬٣‫دﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ‬
well- educated ( v to be) ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ wealthy = rich ‫ﻏﻨﻰ‬-‫ﺛﺮى‬
make regular visits to ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎرات‬ ‫ﻘﻮم‬ No, not in the least ‫اﻷﻃﻼق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
do (something) as planned ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫هﻮ‬ ‫آﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺊ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ argument (have) ‫ﻣﺠﺎدﻟﺔ‬
Unit ( 3)
liquid (water) ‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ coal ( black) / split ( atomic ) ‫اﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬‫اﻧﺸﻄﺎر‬)‫زرى‬(
molten (rock, metal) ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻬﺮ‬ atom/ atomic /nuclear ‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫ذرى‬‫ﻧﻮوى‬
pipe / v to be + piped ‫أﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬/‫ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‬ fossil fuels(oil,coal,gas) ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت‬ ‫وﻗﻮد‬
power station ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔ‬ generate (electricity) ‫ﻳﻮﻟﺪ‬
pressure ( under – put) ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ generation / blades ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬-‫ﺟﻴﻞ‬‫ﺷﻔﺮة‬–‫ﻣﺮوﺣﺔ‬ ‫رﻳﺶ‬
geothermal (heat in the earth ) ‫أرﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارى‬ hydroelectric power ( water) ‫آﻬﺮوﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬
renewable (air ,water,wind) ‫ﻣﺘﺠﺪد‬ waste ( bury ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻦ‬ ) ( damage) ‫ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎت‬/‫ﻓﻀﻼت‬
non-renewable (oil,coal,gas) ‫ﻣﺘﺠﺪد‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ wind turbines (tower) ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮة‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬
to be +captured (energy) ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻮذ‬-‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻟﻰ‬ rather than / other than ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬‫ﺑﺨﻼف‬
Review A
a smart car ( with the internet) ‫زآﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎرﻩ‬ a device / It doesn't matter ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬-‫اﺑﺘﻜﺎر‬–‫اﺧﺘﺮاع‬‫ﻻﻳﻬﻤﻚ‬

3. 3Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy
go wrong put right = do repairs ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻄﻞ‬‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ‬ sat-nav system ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬
get to a destination ‫ﺳﻔﺮك‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ‬ the main purpose of ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺴﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬
wave farm ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻄﻪ‬)‫ﻃﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬( a survey (do) the motorway ‫اﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﻪ‬‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
the slower...,the fewer…. ‫آﻠﻤﺎ‬...‫آﻠﻤﺎ‬...... sugar cane ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺐ‬
hardly any = almost no ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎد‬-‫ﻧﺎدرا‬ the sea bed ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎع‬‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ارﺿﻴﻪ‬
spare parts ‫ﻏﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬)‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬( dashboard ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮاﻟﺴﻴﺎرﻩ‬
Unit ( 4)
competition (writing- reading -trade) ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬/‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬ develop / style (easy – life ) ‫ﻳﻄﻮر‬-‫ﻳﻨﻤﻰ‬‫أﺳﻠﻮب‬
old-fashioned (clothes, typewriter) ‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺔ‬ district (in .. / of ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﻰ‬
routine (daily , fixed ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ) ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻰ‬ ‫روﺗﻴﻦ‬ establish ( him) ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬-‫ﻳﺆﺳﺲ‬-‫ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‬-‫ﻳﺮﺳﺦ‬
attachments ( e -mails) ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺎت‬)‫اﻷﻳﻤﻴﻞ‬( law / prize / at midday ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰة‬‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
publisher / custom ‫ﻧﺎﺷﺮ‬‫ﻋﺎدة‬)‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬( pioneer ( one of the )/ custom ‫راﺋﺪ‬‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدة‬
daily , weekly routine ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻰ‬ ‫روﺗﻴﻦ‬-‫اﺳﺒﻮﻋﻰ‬ average of / diplomat ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬‫دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻰ‬
v to be + made into a film ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻮل‬ literature ( English – Arabic ) ‫اﻷدب‬
confused confusing ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻚ‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎك‬ career (long) (working) ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬–‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﻩ‬
Unit ( 5)
amnesia ( not remembering) ‫اﻟﺬاآﺮة‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪان‬ identity (card)/ identify ‫ا‬‫ﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬‫هﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮف‬
excavate excavation ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺐ‬-‫ﻳﺤﻔﺮ‬‫اﻵﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ‬ innocent # guilty/ set free =release ‫ﺑﺮئ‬#‫ﻣﺬﻧﺐ‬‫ﺳﺮاح‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬
mousetrap (catch a mouse ) ‫ﻓﺌﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻴﺪة‬ invade/invasion(war)/secret agent ‫ﻳﻐﺰو‬‫ﻏﺰو‬‫ﺳﺮى‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻞ‬
crime / develop ‫ﺟﺮ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻪ‬)‫ﻧﻜﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬(‫ﻳﻄﻮر‬ spy / spy on (betray home) ‫ﺟﺎﺳﻮس‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺴﺲ‬)‫وﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﻮن‬(
shy (about) (shyness ‫)اﻟﺨﺠﻞ‬ / leader ‫ﺧﺠﻮل‬‫ﺑﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬ suspect ( the main …) ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬/‫ﻳﺸ‬‫ﻚ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬
headquarters ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ‬/‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺮ‬ transmitter / transmit ‫ا‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬‫رﺳﺎل‬‫ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬-‫ﻳﺒﺚ‬
commit/do + (a crime of murder‫)ﻗﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬ running play/without break ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬‫راﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬
instead of ‫(اﺳﻢ‬instead )‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬)‫ذاﻟﻚ‬( poison (kill)/poisonous /at the age of ‫ﺳﻢ‬‫ﺳﺎم‬‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
perform ‫ﻳﻤﺜﻞ‬)‫ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬–‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬(-‫ﻳﺠﺮى‬-‫ﻳﺆدى‬ crime fiction /invent (style) ‫اﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺺ‬‫ﻳﺆﻟﻒ‬
Unit (6)
Review B
evergreen trees ‫اﻟﺨﻀﺮﻩ‬ ‫داﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺮ‬ found the story confusing ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
deciduous trees ‫اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ورﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺠﺮ‬ do a survey ‫اﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
have a good reason to ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮر‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬ like best / mak up about ‫اﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺐ‬‫ﺣﻮاﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬
put down roots = live for a long time ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬ look right(for that part ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ) ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪو‬
Unit ( 7 )
commuter/ commut ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ carve (sculpture) /rays ( rising sun ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻗﺔ‬ ) ‫ﻳﻨﺤﺖ‬‫أﺷﻌﺔ‬
diameter (of the tunnel ) ‫داﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬)‫اﻟﻨﻔﻖ‬( cliff / base ( concret) ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺻﺨﺮى‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺪر‬‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
engineering (works) ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ illuminate ( the statues) ‫ﻳﻨﻴﺮ‬/‫ﻳﻀﺊ‬
investment (education) (bank) ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬ monument / cut into ‫اﺛﺮ‬‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‬
invest / investor ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ‬ v to be + positioned (sphinx)(plant) ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬
massive ( piece ) / raise ‫ﺿﺨﻢ‬-‫هﺎﺋﻞ‬‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ‬-‫ﻳﺮﺑﻰ‬ unthinkable ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ‬ ‫وارد‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬/‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬
reach a length of / rise ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬‫ﻳﺸﺮق‬–‫ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ keep ..out = prevent …from ‫ﻳﺒﻌﺪ‬–‫ﻳﻤﻨﻊ‬
Unit ( 8)
admit admition ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺮف‬-‫ﻳﻘﺮ‬‫اﻋﺘﺮاف‬ blackmail / colleague ‫ﻳﺒ‬‫ﺘﺰ‬-‫اﺑﺘﺰاز‬‫واﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫زﻣﻴﻞ‬
biography ‫أﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎة‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺮة‬ human nature ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
knock on ( the door) ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﺮق‬/‫ﻃﺮﻗﺔ‬ commit ( do ) / a crime ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬‫ﺟﺮﻳﻤﺔ‬
permanently/profession(teaching) ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬‫ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‬ respectable / personality ‫ﻣﺤﺘﺮم‬‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬
recuperate / recuperation ‫ﻣﺮض‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻓﻰ‬-‫ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻢ‬ in conflict / appearance ‫ﺻﺮاع‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬‫ﻣﻈﻬﺮ‬
will (legal document- wealth – after death) ‫وﺻﻴﺔ‬ the result of the experiment ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
Unit ( 9 )
geyser ( hot water) ‫ﺣﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻊ‬/‫ﺳﺎﺧﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻦ‬ cause of = reason for rainfall ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬‫اﻻﻣﻄﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮط‬
volcano(erupt) lightning(see-eyes) ‫ﺑﺮآﺎن‬‫اﻟﺒﺮق‬ drought (lake of water / no rain) ‫اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬
bark (outer cover of the tree) ‫ﻗﺸﺮة‬‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬-‫اﻟﻠﺤﺎء‬ products / in width ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬‫ﻋﺮض‬-‫اﺗﺴﺎع‬
harden / widen / sharpen ‫ﻳﻨﺸﻒ‬-‫ﺻﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻪ‬‫ﻳﻮﺳﻊ‬‫ﻳﺴﻦ‬ rubber (tyres) ‫ﻣﻄﺎط‬
calculate (the age of ) /count( the rings ) ‫ﻳﺤﺴﺐ‬‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ring (annual)(wider,flood)(narrower,dry) ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬
extract / point down ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮج‬–‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬‫ﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ toothpaste / tube / brush ‫أﺳﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻮن‬‫أﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟﻔﺮﺷﺔ‬
cardboard (box)(stiff paper) ‫ﻣﻘﻮى‬ ‫ورق‬/‫آﺮﺗﻮن‬ turpentine(remove paint‫دهﺎن‬ ‫)ﻳﺰﻳﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮج‬ ‫زﻳﺖ‬
leaf - leaves / branch ‫ورﻗﻪ‬-‫اﻟﺸﺠﺮ‬ ‫أوراق‬‫ﺷﺠﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮع‬ instrument (musical) ‫أداة‬)‫ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬–‫ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬(
a set of instructions ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬ fruit ( seeds ‫)ﺑﺰور‬ ‫ﺛﻤﺮة‬–‫ﻓﺎآﻬﻪ‬
breathe (in # out) / breath ‫ﻳﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ keep ‫ﺷﻴﺊ‬ away from ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺊ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻌﺪ‬
sap ( liquid) ( carries food ) ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎرة‬ roots (under ground -find water) ‫اﻟﺸﺠﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺰور‬
fall over in the wind ‫ﻳﺴﻘﻂ‬‫ﻳﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ‬‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫هﺒﻮب‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ tubes ( transport water) ‫أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬)‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻞ‬(

4. 4Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy
thunder (hear – ears) ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺪ‬ northern / southern ‫اﻟ‬‫ﺸﻤﺎﻟ‬‫ﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺠﻨﻮﺑ‬‫ﻴﺔ‬
eclipse ( solar – lunar) ‫آﺴﻮف‬/‫ﺧﺴﻮف‬ occur (accident ) / occurance ‫ﻳﺤﺪث‬-‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬‫ﺣﺪوث‬
harmful to (skin / sight) ‫ﺿﺎر‬‫ﻟـ‬)‫اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬–‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬( phenomenon/ phenomena ‫ﻇﺎهﺮة‬‫ﻇﻮاهﺮ‬
ultraviolet rays (harmful) ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫أﺷﻌﺔ‬ shadow ( the moon) ‫ﺧﻴﺎل‬–‫ﻇﻞ‬)‫اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬(‫اﻟﺨﺴﻮف‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
electrical (storm) (light) ‫آﻬﺮ‬‫ﺑﻰ‬ absorb = take in / storm chaser ‫ﻳﻤﺘﺺ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎرد‬
look directly ( = straight ) at the sun ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬ wear glasses ( protect sight) ‫ﻧﻈﺎرة‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪى‬
Review C
a block of (wood -flats) ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫آﺘﻠﻪ‬-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﺣﺪﻩ‬ structures / exploration ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬‫اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف‬
sight ( damage) ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬–‫رؤﻳﻪ‬–‫ﺑﺼﺮ‬ solid ( ice) # liquid (water) ‫ﺻﻠﺐ‬#‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
damage (to )(do) / the result of ‫ﺗﻠﻒ‬–‫ﻳﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ mysteries / covered with ‫ﻏﻤﻮض‬‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻄﻰ‬
benefit (from) ‫ﻳﻔﻴﺪ‬–‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ‬-‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﻩ‬ a good example of ‫ﻃﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫ﻟـ‬
export to # import from ‫ﻳﺼﺪر‬‫اﻟﻰ‬#‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮرد‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ Incredible / break a promise ‫ﻻﻳﺼﺪق‬‫وﻋﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﻠﻒ‬
water level ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎة‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ control system ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬
fertile (land - soil ) ‫ﺧﺼﺐ‬ pass up through ‫ﻳﻤﺮ‬‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬)‫ﺧﻼل‬(
make a list of ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ awful = fearful ‫ﻣﺨﻴﻒ‬
Unit ( 10)
achieve / achievement (make) ‫ﻳﺤﻘﻖ‬-‫ﻳﻨﺠﺰ‬‫اﻧﺠﺎز‬ theory ( prove-test)/ theorically ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ‬
cancer (incurable – serious) ‫ﻣﺮض‬‫اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن‬ an amount of (water) / a number of ‫آﻤﻴﺔ‬–‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬
a cure for (n) / cure of (v) ‫ﻋﻼج‬‫ﻟـ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬ visible(see) # invisible (can't see) ‫ﻣﺮﺋﻰ‬#‫ﻣﺮﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬
diabetes (v to have)(sugar in blood) ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮض‬ release = set free ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬/‫اﻃﻼق‬
diabetic (v to be) ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺮض‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎب‬ )‫رﺟﻴﻢ‬gain weight # lose weight (on a diet ‫ﻳﺰداد‬‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
gradually ( improve) ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ‬ regularly (visit) ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬
the result of ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ natural process ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
specialist / specialize in ‫أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻰ‬‫ﻳﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ get together = meet ‫ﻳﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
Unit ( 12 )
celebrate / celebration ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻞ‬‫اﺣﺘﻔﺎل‬ distinctive /the distinction ‫وواﺿﺢ‬ ‫ًﺰ‬‫ﻴ‬ً‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬
drum (hit – noise – stick ‫)ﻋﺼﺎ‬drummewr ‫ﻃﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻠﺔ‬ events / models ‫أﺣﺪاث‬)‫هﺎﻣ‬‫ﺔ‬(‫ﻧﻤﺎزج‬
fireworks(let off-festivals-dangerous) ‫ﻧﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫أﻟﻌﺎب‬ evolve into / evolution of ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻮر‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬
landmark ( tower ) ‫ﻋﻼ‬‫ﺑﺎرزة‬ ‫ﻣﺔ‬-‫هﺎم‬ ‫ًﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ًﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ folk (music – songs) ‫ﺷﻌﺒﻲ‬/‫اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ‬
mark(v/n)/ individual ‫ﻳﺤﺪد‬‫ﺑﺪ‬‫اﻳﺔ‬–‫ﻳﻤﻴﺰ‬-‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬‫ﻓﺮدى‬ responsible # irresponsibility ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬‫ﻣﺴﺆول‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬
position / sculptures (make) ‫وﺿﻊ‬–‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬‫ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻴﻞ‬ vary (from to) / traditional ‫ﻳﺘﻨﻮع‬-‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪى‬
procession ‫ﻣﻮآﺐ‬)‫اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬–‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬–‫ﺟﻨﺎزة‬-‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬( harvest / therapy ‫اﻟﺤﺼﺎد‬–‫ﻳﺤﺼﺪ‬‫ﻋﻼج‬
historical (events ‫/اﺣﺪاث‬ play- film – novel) ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﻪ‬ a variety of various ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪ‬‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬
Review D
climate change ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ water supply / waste ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬‫ﻳﻀﻴﻊ‬–‫ﻳﺒﺪد‬
Hydroponics(without soil) ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ quality / quantity ‫ﺟﻮدﻩ‬–‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬‫آﻤﻴﺔ‬
plants can grow without soil ‫ﻳﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬‫ﺗﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ greenhouse (to protect plants ) ‫اﻟﺼﻮﺑﺎ‬
floating gardens ‫اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻤﻪ‬ Submarines / make time ‫ﻏﻮاﺻﺎت‬‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺼﺺ‬
sounds like efficiently ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪو‬‫ﺑﻜﻔﺎﺋﻪ‬ storyleller = narrator ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻪ‬ ‫راوى‬
a way of + v + ing to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬ mark the beginning of (spring) ‫ﻳ‬‫ﻤﻴﺰ‬‫ﺑﺪاﻳﻪ‬
Nutrients / come round ‫اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ور‬–‫ﻳﺘﺠﻮل‬ keep fit / fit to ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
with poor soil ‫ﻓﻘﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ذات‬ decisive moment ‫ﺣﺎﺳﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻈﻪ‬
Unit ( 13 )
argue for # against ‫ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺎدل‬-‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺪاﻓﻊ‬#‫ﺿﺪ‬ break a record # miss a record by ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻄﻢ‬
(v to have – get ) a degree in ‫در‬‫ﺟﺔ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة‬ make a flight / aviation ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻃﻴﺮان‬ ‫رﺣﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﻴﺮان‬
encourage..to/(give)encouragment ‫ﻳﺸﺠﻊ‬‫ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬ impressive/ impressed ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬/‫ﻣﺒﻬﺮ‬)‫اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬(‫ﻣﺘﺌﺜﺮ‬)‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬(
inspector ( check ) inspect ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺶ‬‫ﻳﻔﺘﺶ‬ licence (driving – flying-nursing ) ‫رﺧﺼﺔ‬)‫ﻗﻴﺎدة‬–‫ﻃﻴﺮان‬(
solo = alone ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮد‬/‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬/‫ﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ nursing (founder /founding ) ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺾ‬)‫ﻣﺆﺳﺲ‬-‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬(
effective role ( positive ‫)اﻳﺠﺎﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬/‫دور‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ personalpersonallypersonality ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎ‬
responsible of / responsibilty ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬ suit / suitable ‫ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
Unit ( 15
papyrus(tall grass)(used for writing) ‫اﻟﺒﺮدى‬ ‫ورق‬ recycle (v) ( use it again) ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ُﻌﻴﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬
paperback (book with cover) ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫آﺘﺎب‬ gadget (a small tool or machine ) ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬
traditional # up-to-date (book) ‫ﻗﺪﻳﻢ‬#‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ recycled paper /recyclable ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ورق‬‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
still # moving (pictures) ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬#‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬)‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮر‬( bleach (v) ( make it white) ‫ُﻴﺾ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬/‫أﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻞ‬
enthusiast (n) / enthusiasm ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺲ‬)‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬(‫اﻟ‬‫ﺤﻤﺎس‬ available availability ‫ﻣﺘﺎح‬-‫ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﺮ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ‬-‫إﺗﺎﺣﺔ‬
enthusiastic about (adj.) ‫ﺑﺸﺄن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺲ‬ roll (v) / roller ‫ﻳﺴﻮي‬‫ﺷﻴﺊ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬-‫ﻳﺘﺪﺣﺮج‬‫ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬
e-book = electronic book ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ‬ ‫آﺘﺎب‬ compress = press ‫ﻳﻀﻐﻂ‬)‫ﺣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬(
bleach (v) (make it white) ‫ُﻴﺾ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬/‫أﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻞ‬ encyclopedia (hold information) ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ‬
mixture (of) (fact and fiction) ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻂ‬/‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ‬)‫ﻣﻦ‬( soak in (cover with water) ‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻤﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻊ‬

5. 5Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy
a range (series) of books ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ download (net) ‫ﺑﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬)‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬-‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬(‫اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
screen ( a TV a computer) ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ be+ broken into(small pieces) ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﺖ‬
give access to education ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻰ‬ CD ROM (compact disk) (hold ‫)ﺗﺴﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬
v to be + on the move ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬–‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺟﺎهﺬة‬‫ﺘﺤﺮك‬ stationery / stationary ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬–‫ﻻﺗﺘﺤﺮك‬
dry in (the sun) ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻔﻒ‬ logs (are broken into pieces) ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬
Review E
abroad ( go ) ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ replacement for ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻞ‬
common for ‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮر‬–‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬‫ﻟـ‬ energetic ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮى‬–‫ﻧﺸﻴﻂ‬
v to be + inspired + by ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻬﻢ‬-‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻔﺰ‬ structure / sensible ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬-‫ﺗﺮآﻴ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣﺴﺎس‬–‫ﻣﻌﻘﻮل‬
make friends / on visit ‫ﻳﺼﺎدق‬‫زﻳﺎرة‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ said in an interview ‫اﻟﺤﻮار‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬
Unit ( 16 )
conscientious ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ‬ ‫ُﺠﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬/‫ﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮة‬ neighbourhood ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎن‬
well- established ‫ﺷﻴﺪت‬/‫أﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬/‫ﻣﺮﻣﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ fluent in fluently fluency ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻴﻖ‬‫ﺑﻄﻼﻗﺔ‬‫اﻟﻄﻼﻗﺔ‬
sociable (generous ‫)آﺮﻳﻢ‬ ( like people) ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ CV = curriculum vitae ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺮة‬)‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬(
fill in (application form) ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺎرة‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻸ‬ achieve/ achievement ‫ﻳﺤﻘﻖ‬–‫ﻳﻨﺠﺰ‬‫اﻧﺠﺎز‬
module ‫دراﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬/‫ﺟﺰء‬‫دراﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ permanent job = a full-time job ‫داﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
well-organized ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬ temporary job = part-time job ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
conscience ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ‬ make profits / money ‫أرﺑﺎﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻘﻖ‬
neighbourly ‫ودود‬/‫ِﻴﻦ‬‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬)‫أﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬( personnel manager ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺌﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬‫ﻠﻴﻦ‬
degree / mark ‫درﺟﺔ‬-‫ﺷﻬﺎدة‬-‫ﻣﺆهﻞ‬‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬-‫دراﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻒ‬ trainee ( still) / trainer ‫ﻣﺘﺪرب‬‫ﻣﺪرب‬
applicant ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪم‬)‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬( Pharmacy (sell-make-medicines-drugs) ‫ﺻﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬
formally # informally ‫رﺳﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫رﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬# smart appearance ‫ﻣﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬
reputation (good) reputable ‫ﺳﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﺳﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‬ driving licence (hold ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫)ﺣﺎﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎدة‬ ‫رﺧﺼﺔ‬
acquire (experience) ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ‬)‫ﺧﺒﺮة‬( qualify as ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ in ‫ﻣﺆهﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺆهﻞ‬/‫ﻳﺘﺄهﻞ‬
Unit ( 18 )
lifelong (learning) ‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة‬ ‫ﻣﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬/‫ﻣﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬ a similar (job) similarity ‫ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ‬
college / colleagues ‫آﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫أﺻﺪﻗﺎء‬ information technology ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
enrol on (in) = join ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﺤﻖ‬/‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺠﻞ‬ provide (opportunity)‫ﺷﻴﺊ‬ for ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬-‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻴﺢ‬
enrolment ‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬/‫ادراج‬ stimulate/ stimulation ‫ﻳﺤﻔﺰ‬-‫ﻳﻨﺸﻂ‬‫ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ‬
reward / rewarding ‫ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬–‫ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺪ‬ formal # informal ‫رﺳﻤﻰ‬#‫رﺳﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬
open university ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ retrain ( need skills) / increase ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬-‫زﻳﺎدة‬
employee/employer ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬–‫ﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ v to be + awarded ( prize) ‫ﻣﻨﺢ‬
employable (remain) ‫ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬–‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ finance department ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬
idealism / idealist ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ refuse = rubbish (n) (v) ‫ﻗﻤﺎﻣﺔ‬–‫ﻓﻀﻼت‬‫ﻳﺮﻓﺾ‬
ideal for / idealistic ‫ﻟـ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ‬ promote / promotion ‫ُﺮﻗﻲ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬
worthwhile ‫ﺑﺎﻻهﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺮ‬/‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪة‬/‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ُﺒﺬل‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬ mature (university student) ‫ﻧﺎﺿﺞ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬)‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬٢٥‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬(
get promoted (promotion) ‫ﻳﺘﺮﻗﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺼﻞ‬ salute (the flag) (martyrs ‫)ﺷﻬﺪاء‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻴﻲ‬)‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻴﺔ‬(‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬
qualifications ‫ﻣﺆهﻼت‬ national anthem ‫اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﻴﺪ‬
highly qualified ssttaaffff ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺆهﻠﻴﻦ‬ good-looking ‫اﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬
4- Some important expresstions
launch a rocket / have the right to / leak ( gas) ( fix) object to + v+ ing / ‫اﺳﻢ‬ / a common occurrence
I had to show indentity card / writing competition In our town, musicians play folk music
fossil fuels / human nature put …down ‫ﻳﺤﻘﺮ‬ two million commuters travel / we should reduce energy
give ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ headache / get headache A mature is a university or college student
No / zero / less gravity / side effects highly skilled ( qualified) staff
I have downloaded onto my computer An accident / earthquake occurred
e- mail attachments / reach a a length of She regards sport as a very/ Haqui is stll thought of as
Mousetrap was written in 1947. There was great excitement when team won the match
open new school was an interesting occasion I feel really bored. / Would you mind if ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ?
Her parents regularly have meetings on your computer screen /loaves of bread / sheet of paper
The hard outside part of a tree is bark Nader is really enthusiastic about all kinds of sport.
hope / expect /promise ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ will ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ We should recycle paper, rather than throw it away.
hope / expect /promise (‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ )‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل+(أو‬ )+to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ They discovered an effective new treatment
hoped/expected /promised ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ would ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ My brother achieved his ambition.
Twins are very alike / mak up a story Alfred Farag is a famous Egyptian playwright.
debate at school about… / attend school she’s gained a lot of weight.
can't remember he may have amnesia She shouldn’t eat many sweets because she is diabetic .
musical instrument / magical feeling People celebrate the end of the year
the main suspect / the cause of the fire I didn’t recognise him .He looked so different.
coronation of the new king or queen They object to very loud music / object to + v+ ing / ‫اﺳﻢ‬

6. 6Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy
5- The Rules of Grammar
1 -Will ('ll ) + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
I will be 50 years next year. ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬ -١
. ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫آﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺗﻰ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺪاث‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺗﻰ‬ -٢
{ I think ,hope, expect ,sure} Ex I expect that he will win.
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺮف‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ .‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮار‬ ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺗﻰ‬ -٣
( please , Ok , Yes , No, I am sorry ,I am afraid)
Ex-A) I am thirsty. B) I will get you a drink.
. promise ‫واﻟﻮﻋﺪ‬ (orotherwise) ‫وﻳﻌﺮف‬ threat ‫اﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫و‬ -٤
Ex I will punish you if you do this again.
(As soon as-after-till- if –when ) ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫آﻄﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬ -٥
‫راﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ .....will ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ After I finish , I will leave
2- am, is, are + going to + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
١-‫اﻟﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬intend٢-‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬v to be + going to
٣-‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺮار‬
… I think ………).( I have decided that…..)‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬(‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬*
Ex There is a dark cloud .I think it is going to rain.
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﺔ‬)ing+V+is are,am(‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬3
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺣﺪاث‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬(arrange )
He is visiting his uncle = He has arranged to visit him.
٤‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ( will be + v + ing)
)‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬( in/ from ..to /all / for/ at / +
In 20 years ,people will be queuing to book a space trip
٥ ‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬will have + pp ‫/ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬will have been +pp‫ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﺔ‬ (By ‫ﻗﺎدﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ,in a ‫'ﻣﺪة‬s time, this time+‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ )
Ex By 2020, I will have finished my studies.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫أو‬ aan‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫:ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪودﻩ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ -١
How) many = several =a lot of ‫اﺛﺒﺎت‬ =lots of =plenty of
(a) fewSome( )‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫واﻗﺘﺮاح‬ ‫أﺛﺒﺎت‬ any )‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻰ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺴﺆال‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻌﺎدى‬(
only ‫ﻣﻊ‬ a few/ ‫أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ a ‫ﺑﺪون‬ plenty of/ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ much ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
: ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ( ‫ﻻﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻜﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ -٢
(How) much = a lot of #(a) little some any
(is , was , has , does , s ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ likes) ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬ ‫٣-اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
(are, were,have ,do , s ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬like) ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
(time,paper,iron,hair,a hair ‫وآﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫٤-أﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫ﻓﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أآﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫واﺣﺪﻩ‬ ‫آﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮدة‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬ -٥
(team,group ,crew,army, couple,family,staff,class)
- The Egyptian team is going to play the match. (‫)ﻣﻔﺮد‬
- All the team are going to play except Ali. (‫)ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻰ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬ -٦
‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪهﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
Ten million pounds is ‫اﻟﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫اى‬
Fifty litres of petrol is ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اوﻋﺒﻮﻩ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫اى‬....
Five kilometers is ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫اى‬
Forty minutes is ‫ﻣﺪﻩ‬ ‫اى‬
Three plus seven is ‫واﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ‬
Classics-politics-maths is ‫دراﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اى‬
Athletics – gymnastics is ‫رﻳﺎﺿﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎب‬
diabetes / measles / the news is ‫اﻷﻣﺮاض‬/‫آﻤﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫(ﺑﻌﺪهﻢ‬ s) ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻓﺎﻟـ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬ -٧
(Police , public , people , men ,women , phenomena )
‫داﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬shoes,trousers, gloves ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ (a pair of )‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫٨-اﺳﻤﺎء‬
)‫أو‬‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬()s+‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬‫ﻣﻊ‬it,she,he(‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬٦
١-‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﻤﻮاﻋﻴﺪ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬)‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻼت‬-‫وﻏﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬-‫ﺑ‬‫وﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺪاﻳﺔ‬(
-The train leaves at 7:30 am tomorrow.
( intend – hope- expect – promise) ٢-‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
After he finishes , he will leave. ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬ ‫وﺑﻌﺪ‬ -٣
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ (‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫)اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫آﻠﻤﺎت‬ -٩
(sheep – deer – fish – salmon - aircraft -space craft)
‫ﺑـﻨﻜﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫وﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ s ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫آﻠﻤﺎت‬ -١٠
(crossroads– means - series - species- works) a seies
(a slice of meat,a lump of sugar,a sheet of paper) ‫ﺗﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬
(he, she ,it ‫ﻣﻊ‬ s- es -ies + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ) : ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫أﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ -١ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬ * ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
*{ every, on Fridays , as usual) :‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ -٢
‫{وهﻢ‬sometimes -often - always - ever -frequently -usually
occasionally – still (‫اﻟﻨﻔﻰ‬ no longer-never-rarely =scarcely
= seldom} ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫أو‬ doesn't don't + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻰ‬ *
‫ﻋﺎدى‬ ( ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ + d/ed/ ied) ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺎذ‬ eat-ate/sleep-sleptcut-cut put-put/read read/set
:‫هﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬ ( didn't + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ) ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻰ‬ *
{Yesterday, last, past, ago, in ‫ﻨﺔ‬‫,ﺳ‬ just now, previous,
earlier, once, from..to...} ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎدات‬ ‫وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫ﻋﺎدﻩ‬ {When ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع…,ﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫..أى‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎض‬ }
wear glasses. There is wrong with her sight a huge amount of water on the roads
My daily routine starts when / as planned force their readers to think / it is an Egyptian custom to
El-Haggan and El-Shawwan Egyptian spies encouraging their students to beconscientious
The married couple / a couple of minutes
There is was ‫آﻤﻴﺔ‬ (news /sugar)/ There are were ‫ﻋﺪد‬
not finished her course yet. She’s still a trainee
‫اﺳﻢ‬ + ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ +‫+اﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ The walls of the castl
a man of letters ( literature ) / get on well with died / wept ….attended her funeral
novel story /article/conversation in which It was opened by a well-known celebrity.
The distance between ..is / distance learning had thrown away today’s newspaper by mistake
Lightning is a natural phenomenon ‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ He is thinking of enrolling on Studies course
The fireworks lit up the sky / examined the patient The school provides them books./ fluent in
teaching medical profession . I go to the pharmacy to buy some medicine
How much time is …?/ How many times are …? A civil servant works for the government
The walls of castle were built to protect… The lesson starts in half an hour./ enroll on….
Water is the liquid form of ice. That tower is one of the town’s most famous landmark
Don't look at the sun directly ( straight ) I wish I knew where I left my jacket.
any free time ? / take a train./ recycle glass ,paper She wishes she hadn't spent her money at the weekend.
Wind and wave power are renewable energy /
knock on the door / hit the drum with a stick
The statue of Ramses II is a very important Ancient
Egyptian monument / it is marked by
I particularly like her style in writing respectable family / respected + ‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ lawyer
People can save money by using the underground Whose resposbility is it to ..?/Who is responsible to
If you heat ice , it melts. / look directly = straight He did nothing wrong. He’s innocent
That plant / the sphinx was positioned do a research / experiement / a course in

7. 7Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy
* ‫راﺑﻂ‬ + ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ...…,ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاﻋﻴﺪاﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻰ‬ *
(‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫+اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬ am , is ,are +PP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬ ‫*اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
Ex - Rubbish is burnt to produce electricity.
*used to ‫/ﻣﺼﺪر‬didn't use to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ /did ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ use to‫?ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ v to be+used to+ v+ing ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﻩ‬
How long ago did…………? = When did……………?
‫اﻟﺤﺪﺛﻴﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﺪم‬ ‫هﻮ‬ ( had + pp ) ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
•After/as soon aswhen ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎض‬....،) ...‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬(‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎض‬
• Having+pp ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎض‬....،......................
• ( didn't )‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ till until ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
• It wasn't until(only when) ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ that ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
• ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬)‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪث‬( because as ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬)‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪث‬(
•Before by the time when ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ …,. ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
•After immediately after before + v+ ing )‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬( ,...
•No sooner + had + ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ + pp…than ………‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎض‬
Scarcely + had + ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ + pp …..when …..…‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎض‬
Hardly + had + ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ + pp……..when …..…‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎض‬
• ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ had no sooner + pp …than … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
• When ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ (2) …, ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ (1)……..‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
( realized told didn't see found missed ) ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫وﻳﺎﺗﻰ‬ *
‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬( by + ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬‫ﺳﻨﻪ‬ in+ ‫ﺳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ since ‫ﺳﻨﻪ‬+ )
( had been + v + ing ) ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
( Before when because +all for since) ‫هﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬
(How long ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ when before ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫?ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ )
Ex.Before I arrived, he had been playing for 2 hours.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪهﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاس‬ ‫اﻓﻌﺎل‬ : ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
( have/ has + pp ) : ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
( v have+pp‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫)ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ (already, just , ever,never) ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﺔ‬
( since,for ,so far,yet,lately, recently,up till now) ‫وﻣﻊ‬
*Yet( ‫واﻟﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫)اﺧﺮ‬lately( ‫وﻧﻔﻰ‬ ‫أﺛﺒﺎت‬ ) recently ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﺛﺒﺎت‬
Ex We have finishesd .what should we do.
•Since(2005,May,Friday,oclock,last,yesterday,the age
of , -‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ birthday,childhood‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ )
• For ( year,month,day,week,the last,hour,ages,long)
•Since ( .....‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫)ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ / (‫ا‬ ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ since..)
•It’s ‫ﻣﺪة‬ since ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ……
• ‫+ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ last + ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ in ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ when ‫ﻓﻌﻞ+ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ago
‫ﻓﺎ‬‫ﻋﻞ‬ +haven’t has+ p.p since ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ+ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ /for ‫ﻣﺪة‬
Ex. I last visited Luxor when I was on holiday.
- I have not visited Luxor since I was on holiday.
• (before/١‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ never )(‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ever)
* Have gone to ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫وﻟﻢ‬ ‫ذهﺐ‬ • Have been to ‫وﻋﺎد‬ ‫ذهﺐ‬
(have/has+been+ v+ing) ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
(since/ for + still - not - now-all ) ( How long ): ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﺔ‬
• ‫اﻟﺤﻮاس‬ ‫اﻓﻌﺎل‬‫واﻟﺘﻰ‬‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪهﺎ‬‫او‬‫ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻮﺿﻊ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺘﺎم‬
(‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد‬ was / ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬ were + v + ing) ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وآﻞ‬ (all , at ,between…and + yesterday/ last) ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬
1-Aswhilejust as‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫.....,…ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫/ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬:‫اﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫أﺣﺪهﻢ‬ ‫ﻵﻳﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻼن‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻰ‬. •
•When ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ,… ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ = on at + v+ ing ‫ا‬‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ebecaus...t'didnt'couldn*‫ﻓﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬‫ﻞ‬ing+V+While-2
•During+ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ = While ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ On/at + v+ing = when
" sure " ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬ " " Deduction ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‬ "
Present ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ Past ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻰ‬ must be
can’t be
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻰ‬ must have + P.P
can’t have + P.P
(Possible , not very sure ) ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬
Present ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ Past ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
might be / could be might/could hav+ P.P
‫واﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮف‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ If‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬
0) If + ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ,… ‫ﺑﺴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ (‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ) ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬
1) If + ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ,‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ will, can,may, need to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ (‫)ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
2) If + ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ , .. would, could,might + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ (‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ )
3) If + ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ ,... would, could,might + have + PP (‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ )
Unless = if …not = except if ) if ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ *
If =as long as = provided (that) = providing = in case ‫أوﻟﻰ‬
•If ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ = Should ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ( ‫أوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬-‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬ )
•If ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ = Were ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ +to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ( ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬ )
•If ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + had + pp = Had ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + pp ( ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻪ‬ ‫)ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬
•If ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ = in case of by with + v+ing ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬+‫ﺻﻔﻪ‬
•Unless ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ = with out But for+ v+ing ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
Nassif:SM‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬Passive
‫آﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬( + v to be + pp + by + ‫آﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ )
V to be ‫ﺰﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﺐ‬‫ﺣ‬ { am-is are ‫ﺴﻴﻂ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻀﺎرع‬‫ﻣ‬ was-were
‫ﺴﻴﻂ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎﺿ‬ v to be + being ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻷزﻣﻨ‬ to have +
been ‫اﻟﺘﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ + be ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬ +have + been )
Ex : By 2016, my studies will have been finished .
a) It + v to be + p + that ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮق‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬ *
b) ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ + v to be+p p + to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ( ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫)ﻣﻀﺎرع‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ + v to be+p p + to have + pp ( ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫)ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
(reported–believed-alleged-said-thought-expected)
.to winis expectedHe/.will winhethatis expectedIt•
.be stupidwas thought toEdison•
" ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ " ‫اﻷﺗﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫آﺎﻷﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
then , at that moment / at that time was, were + v + ing ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
before, previous,earlier,yet,already,since, for, so far had + pp ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
the following day,the next day, the future ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ would ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ /was,were+going to ‫/ﻣﺼﺪر‬was,were+v +ing
just now / a moment ago / a short time ago /says /say /
tell/ tells / ask / asks / want to know / wonders ‫ﻻﻳﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻷﺗﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫آﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬
asked, wondered,inquired ,wanted to know ‫اﻟﺴﺆال‬ If , whether ..or, ‫اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫أداﻩ‬‫م‬)‫راﺑﻂ‬( + ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬)‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬(
(‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫)ﻣﻤﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ who (that) ( ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ) +‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ……ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
… …‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ whom ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ……. ( ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪهﺎ‬ ‫)ﻻﻳﺎﺗﻰ‬
… ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ which ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬( ) +‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬)‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮع‬( ‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ that ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬( ) +‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
……… ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ whose ‫ﻣﻤﻠﻮك‬ …
….. ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬ where ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ (it ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫)ﻳﺤﺬف‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬when‫زﻣﻦ‬‫وﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﻀﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ *ing‫اﻟـ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ pp‫ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪهﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ If (2-3) = If only = Wish ‫ة‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻰ‬ Wish If only‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻣﻦ‬ ‫آﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴـــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬‫ﻂ‬ ‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﻀ‬‫ـ‬‫ـــ‬‫ﺎرع‬‫اﻷن‬ ‫أى‬
regrt+ ving = ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬‫ــﺎم‬ had + pp ‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺒﺴ‬‫ﻴــــــــــــ‬‫ﻂ‬
I we ‫ﻣﻊ‬ could ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰ‬ would ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬‫واﻷﻣﻨﻴﺎت‬
‫و‬‫اﻷﺣﻼم‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬
Ex: I wish I were there now / I wish I had met him
yesterday /I wish ( if only )I could go there tomorrow

8. 8Progress in Finnal Revision By SM : Nassif El-Segahy
‫+أﻓﻌﺎل‬ V + ing { object to ,look forward to, owing to, due
to , thanks to, suggest , practise , enjoy, don't feel
like,recommend, avoid,It is no use (good) ,can'tstand, it's
worth,consider,deny,mind,imagine, fancy,postpone,can't
help, finish, give up, quit, risk ,go, miss,would you mind}
‫+أﻓﻌﺎل‬ to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ { plan , promise,agree, refuse ,arrange,
decide, expect, hope, learn, Pretend, manage, offer, want,
need ,require, wish, threaten, accept, can / could afford}
,deserve, attempt, dare*( Force ,advise, ask,‫ﻣﻐﻌﻮل‬ to ‫)ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫+أﻓﻌﺎل‬ to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫+أﻓﻌﺎل‬ V + ing ‫اﻟﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اذا‬
{ remember forget try stop regret }
I stopped smoking . Don't forget to take the book
‫+أﻓﻌﺎل‬ to + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫+أﻓﻌﺎل‬ V + ing
'd ‫أواﻷن‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫أو‬‫ـ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬‫أوﻋــﺎدة‬ ‫ﻋـﺎم‬ ‫ﺣﺪث‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
}preferdislikelikelovehate{
I would like to read this book / I usually like reading
‫اﻷﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫رواﺑﻂ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬
•As well as besides in addition to + v +ing ‫اﺳﻢ‬
Ex : As well as playing well, they scored 2 goals.
•Not only ‫ﺳﺆل‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ …… but also ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫……ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ١‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ as well as ٢‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫اﻷول‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
•Neither ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬١ nor ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬٢ + ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
•Not only ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ but also ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬٢ + ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ { because as since ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ )
•(because of -due to- owing to+V+ing ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻔ‬‫ﺔ‬ + )‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬ ,but = yet , however=.However,... ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬
• AlthoughThough Even thougheven if ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
• However ‫ﺻﻔﻪ‬ + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬، ,……….
• ‫ﺻﻔﻪ‬ as + ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ,…* Whatever ‫+اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬+‫ﻓﺎ‬‫ﻋﻞ‬ ,
• In spite of = Despite +V+ ing (‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ )‫...……,اﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺮض‬ ‫اﻟﻐ‬ •{ to so as to in order to + ‫ﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻣ‬ }
•= { in order that so that ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ can ‫أو‬ could +‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬ can ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ can’t ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ manage to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ =
succeed in + v + ing am, is, are + (not) able to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ =
have/has+ the ability to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ am ,is are+ capable of + ing
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ could ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ couldn’t ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ managed to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
= succeeded in+ v+ ing was,were+(not) able to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
had + the ability to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ was,were+capable of+v ing
‫واﻷﻟﺰام‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮورة‬ must ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ = have (has) to =need to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫واﻷﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮرة‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻰ‬ don't(doesn't) have to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
•= needn't =‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ don’tdoesn't need t ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
(‫واﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬• mustn’t ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ = can't ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ had to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ will have (need )to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫واﻷﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮرة‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻰ‬
needn’t have +p.p=didn’t have to=didn't need to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ‬ - should ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ = ought to‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ = had better‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ = it is advisable to = If I were you, I would ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮم‬ - Should (ought to)have + P.P. = but he didn't :‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺊ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮم‬ *
Shouldn’t (ought not to) have + P.P : ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫وآﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺊ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫*ﻟﻠﻮم‬
6- A) The paragraphs By SM : Nassif
We don't exaggerate if we say that ‫ﻮان‬‫اﻟﻌﻨ‬ is ( are ) considered a topic
of great importance ,that’s why we should give attention to it. First of all
, we can say that …‫ﻮان‬‫اﻟﻌﻨ‬ plays (play) a lively role in our life because
‫ﻪ‬‫اﻷهﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﺐ‬‫.ﺳ‬As a result of this, we can say that we should do our best to
benefit from it by all possible means and this can be done by several
ways .For example we can.‫ﺎم‬‫اﻷهﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫.ﻃﺮﻳﻘ‬ Briefly if we follow these steps
,we can achieve our goals and enjoy our life. At last not at least, we can
say that ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ needs a great interest from us.
It is a given fact that ‫ﻮان‬‫اﻟﻌﻨ‬ is ( are ) considered a topic of great
importance, that’s why we should give attention to it .First of all , we
can say that ‫ﻮان‬‫اﻟﻌﻨ‬ has a serious effect on us because ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺐ‬‫ﺳ‬ As a
result of this, we can say that we should do our best to avoid this
problem by all possible means and this can be done by several ways .For
example ,we must cooperate together and work hard to overcome this
serious problem and ‫ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫.ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬Briefly ,if we follow these steps
,we can solve this problem sooner or later .We will also lead a happy
life free from problems. At last not at least, we can say that ‫ﻮان‬‫ﻋﻨ‬ needs a
great interest from us.
B) The letter By SM : Nassif
Dear ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ,
* It gives me a great pleasure to write
this letter to you ‫اﻟﻌﺎدى‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
* I send this letter to + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ …
( ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫)اﻟﻐﺮض‬
ing ‫اﻟـ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻧﺤﺬف‬
{ he-she him-her-them…..you ) ( You
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ I) (you ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ me ) (your ..my )
(his……your ) (her + .your)}
‫اﻟﺨﺘﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ I am looking forward to seeing
you soon .With my best wishes .
. Yours ,
‫اﺳﻢ‬
Good Luck
C)The e-mai By SM : Nassif
It is worth mentioning that……….. is / are considered a mixed
blessing because it has some advantages and some disadvantages. One
advantages of……. is / are that it is very useful when we use it in a good
and suitable way . For example we can use it for………
On the other hand, it will have some disadvantages if it is used in a
wrong way .For example, some people use it badly because they use it
for ..This will Surely have a bad effect on us .Therefore, It is advisable
to do our best to avoid its disadvantages and we should benefit from its
advantages to lead a happy and safe life free from problems.
From… ‫اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
To……. ‫اﻷﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
Date.. ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬ 13th , June,2011 .
Subject ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬
. Dear ‫إﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫,اﺳﻢ‬
How are you? I send this e-mail to
‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬..
Best wishes,
‫اﻟﺮاﺳﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
"Nassif:Good Luck SM"