A good one

1. ١

2. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
A
O
a
o
‫ﻭﺑﻌـﺾ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
A B
O P
b
p
‫ﴰﺴـﻴﺔ‬
"
‫ﻭﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
،
‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
C D
Q R
c d
q r
Vowel
.
umbrella
"
‫ﴰﺴـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
D E
R S
d e
s
Vowel Letters
Consonant
.
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
umbrella
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
."
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
F G
T U
f g
t u
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
(
Letters
Consonant
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
university
"
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
٢
Express English
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
Capital
:
G H
U V
Small
:
g h
u b
‫ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﻑ‬
)
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
Consonant Letter
English Letters
:
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
university
Express English
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
.
:
Letter
Capital
I J
W X
Letter
Small
I j
w x
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﻑ‬
Letters
English Letters
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
Express English
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻼﻥ‬
‫ﳘ‬
‫ﺎ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬
Letters
J K
X Y
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬
Letters
k
x y
A , E , I , O , U
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أف‬
English Letters
Introduction
:
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺘﺪﺉ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
Express English
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬
L M
Z
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬
l m
z
A , E , I , O , U
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أف‬
Introduction
u
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺘﺪﺉ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
M N
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
m n
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬
A , E , I , O , U
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أف‬
Introduction
-
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬
u
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
-
-
-
-
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أف‬
-

3. ٣
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬
:
0 ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ Zero
1 ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ One
2 ‫ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ‬ Two
3 ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ Three
4 ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ Four
5 ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ Five
6 ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬ Six
7 ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ Seven
8 ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ Eight
9 ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ‬ Nine
10 ‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ Ten
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬
:
11 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬ Eleven
12 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﲎ‬ Twelve
13 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ Thirteen
14 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ Fourteen
15 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ Fifteen
16 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬ Sixteen
17 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ Seventeen
18 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ Eighteen
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أرم‬
Numbers of English
:

4. ٤
19 ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ‬ Nineteen
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬
:
20 ‫ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‬ Twenty
30 ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬ Thirty
40 ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬ Forty
50 ‫ﲬﺴﻮﻥ‬ Fifty
60 ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ Sixty
70 ‫ﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ‬ Seventy
80 ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ Eighty
90 ‫ﺗﺴﻌﻮﻥ‬ Ninety
100 ‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ Hundred
1000 ‫ﺃﻟﻒ‬ Thousand
1000000 ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ Million
1000000000 ‫ﺑﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
)
‫ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬
( Billion (Milliard)
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ 1st
First
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ 2nd
Second
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ 3rd
Third
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ 4th
Fourth
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ 5th
Fifth
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ 6th
Sixth

5. ٥
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ 7th
Seventh
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ 8th
Eighth
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ 9th
Ninth
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ 10th
Tenth
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ‬ 11th
Eleventh
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ 12th
Twelfth
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ 13th
Thirteenth
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ 14th
Fourteenth
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ 15th
Fifteenth
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‬ 20th
Twentieth
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬ 30th
Thirtieth
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬ 40th
Fortieth
‫ﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‬ 50th
Fiftieth
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‬ 51st
Fifth First
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬ 62nd
Sixth Second
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ 83rd
Eighth Third
‫ﺍﳌﺌﺔ‬ 100th
Hundredth
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬ 1000th
Thousandth
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ 1000000th
Millionth
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
)
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬
( 1000000000th
Billionth
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ - Last

6. ٦
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
/
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
:
26
:
‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬
Twenty six
37
:
‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬
Thirty seven
43
:
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
Forty three
55
:
‫ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬
Fifty five
61
:
‫ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
Sixty one
74
:
‫ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
Seventy four
82
:
‫ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ‬
Eighty two
98
:
‫ﻭﺗﺴﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
Ninety eight
131
:
‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
thirty one
One hundred
908
:
‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
eight
Nine hundred
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬
:
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺌﺎﺕ‬
:

7. ٧
312
:
‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺎ‬
twelve
Three hundred
511
:
‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
eleven
hundred
Five
1235
:
‫ﺃﻟﻒ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﺔ‬
thirty five
two hundred
One thousand
3512
:
‫ﺃﻟﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺲ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺎ‬
twelve
five hundred
Three thousand
14305
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻭﲬﺴﺔ‬
five
three hundred
Fourteen thousand
651345
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﲬﺴﺔ‬
forty five
three hundred
Six hundred fifty one thousand
2453212
:
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻟﻔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺎ‬
twelve
two hundred
our hundred fifty three thousand
f
Two million
-
‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
:
‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬
house
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ،
school
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ‬ ،
apple
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ ،
book
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
)
‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
Ali
،
‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
James
،
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬
Mary
،
‫ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‬
London
،
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﺎ‬
America
(
.
‫!ء‬#‫ا‬ $‫ا‬%
English Nouns
:
٣
(
‫ﺃﻟﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻑ‬
:
١
١
٢
٢
٣
٣
١
٢
٣
٤
١ ٢ ٣ ٤

8. ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
the
school :
school
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
sugar
‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
I drink a water.
I drink water.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
school : ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
(
school
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬ ،
sugar
I drink a water.
I drink water.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
.
‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
schools
an
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
water
‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬ ،
I drink a water.
I drink water.
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬
،
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺓ‬
:
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
)
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
an
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
I drink a water.
I drink water.
٨
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
:
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
،
‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ,
a
.
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
an apple
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ‬
I drink a water.
I drink water.
‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬
.
،
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
school , the school
(
.
the school :
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
a , an
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
s
‫ﻵ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ‬ ،
an apple
‫ﺍﻷﺳـﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺟـﻤـﻊ‬
a , an
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ‬
I drink a water.
‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
school , the school
the school : (
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
an
‫؟‬
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
a school
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻷﺳـﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺟـﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
a , an
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
.
I drink a water.
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
(
.
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
school , the school
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
(
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬

‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
a
‫ﻭ‬
an
a
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
.
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
a school
‫ﺍﻷﺳـﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺟـﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
I drink a water.
ً‫ﺀ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬
)
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
:
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
)
school , the school
)
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
a
‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
:
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
-
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
I drink a water. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
ً‫ﺀ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
-
-
-
-
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
-

9. V
.
‫ﻓﻴﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
V3
‫ﻓﻴﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳـﻞ‬
I bought a toys
I bought toys.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
Present
‫ﻓﻴﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
،
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳـﻞ‬
I bought a toys
I bought toys.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
Present (V
‫ﻓﻴﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
play
bu
I bought a toys.
I bought toys.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
V2
-
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
V1) - Past
‫ﻓﻴﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
:
lay - p
buss , fly
s
bu
buses , flies
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
.
I bought toys.
Regular Verbs
:
٩
‫ﺗﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻒ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
Past (V2) -
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
played
bus
buss , fly
buses , flies
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
.
.
I bought toys.
Regular Verbs
‫ﺗﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
Past Participle
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬
ed
- played
‫ﺃﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬ ،
bus
s
fly
buss , fly
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
:
buses , flies
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
.
I bought toys.
English
:
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
Regular Verbs
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
V1
-
Past Participle
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬
ed
:
‫ﻳﻄﲑ‬
fly
‫ﺃﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬ ،
s
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
a , an
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻟﻌﺎﺑ‬
(
English Verb
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Past Participle (V3).
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﲨﻊ‬
:
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
،
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻟﻌﺎﺑ‬
‫*)ل‬#‫ا‬
Verbs
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
٩٠
%
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬
$‫ا‬%
‫*)ل‬#‫ا‬
-
-
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
-
$‫ا‬%

10. ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻳﺸـﺮﺏ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
p
‫ﻳﺸـﺮﺏ‬ ،
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ، ‫ﺲ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺟ‬ ، ‫ﺏ‬
.
ed
،
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻌـﺐ‬
play
‫ﳛﺐ‬ ،
Love
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
drink
‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ، ‫ﺲ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺟ‬ ، ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬
ed
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳﻠﻌـﺐ‬
Cry
‫ﳛﺐ‬ ،
Love
Loved
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
eat -
rink -
hurt -
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
،
‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
، ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ، ‫ﺲ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺟ‬ ، ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬
Regular Verbs
.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﻳﺒﻜﻲ‬
Cry
Love
Love

‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣ‬ ،
Loved
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
١٠
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
ate -
drank
hurt
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
، ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
Regular Verbs
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
Cry
,
ed
Love

‫ﺐ‬‫ﺣ‬ ،
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
Irregular Verbs
‫ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
eaten
rank - drunk
hurt - hurt
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺯ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻨﺔ‬
Past
:
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
Regular Verbs
Present
:
‫ﻧﻔﺴ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
s
.
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
Cry
Cry
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
:
‫ﺑﻜﻰ‬
Cried
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
Irregular Verbs
‫ﺷﻜﻠ‬
‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﳚﺮﺡ‬
:
runk
hurt
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
Past
‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ‬
Present
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴ‬
e
،
‫ﳚ‬
‫ﻠﺲ‬
sit
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
ed
Cry
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
Irregular Verbs
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻐﲑ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻠ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﳚﺮﺡ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
،
‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬
eat
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
drink
،
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
٩٠
%
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
-
-
-
-
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬

11. ١١
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
Imperative
:
-
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺐ‬
play
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺏ‬ ،
drink
،
‫ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﻛ‬
eat
‫ﺍﺟﻠﺲ‬ ،
sit
.
-
‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
-s
‫ﻟﻸ‬
‫ﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲨﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬
.
-
‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
-s
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭ‬
‫ﻝ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬
‫ﺗـﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
.
-
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
z
‫ﺃﻭ‬
sh
‫ﺃﻭ‬
ch
‫ﺃﻭ‬
s
‫ﺃﻭ‬
ss
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-s
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
-es
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
-s
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﺍﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬
bus
buses
-
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
o
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-s
‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
-es
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
-s
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬
do
does
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
:
Photo
Photos ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ , Video
Videos ‫ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬ , Kilo
Kilos ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬ ,
Piano
Pianos ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
y
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-s
‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬
y
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
-ies
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
worry
worries ‫ﻳﻘﻠﻖ‬ , cry
cries ‫ﻳﺒﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬
:
Harry
Harrys
-
‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
-ing
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
miss ‫ﻳﻔ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
missing ‫ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ‬ )
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
(
feel ‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬
feeling ‫ﺷﻌﻮﺭ‬ )
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
(
*,‫إ‬ $‫ا‬%
-s
:
*,‫إ‬ $‫ا‬%
-ing
:

12. ١٢
-
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
e
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-ing
‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬
e
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
-ing
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
come
coming
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
be
being
-
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
ie
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-ing
‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬
ie
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
-ying
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳﻜﺬﺏ‬
lie lying
-
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬
+
‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
+
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
،
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻧ‬
‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬
‫ﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧـﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
-ing
‫ﻣﺸﺪﺩ‬
‫ﲢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬
.
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-ing

‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
-ing
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
run
running ‫ﳚﺮﻱ‬ , stop
stopping ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ , plan
planning ‫ﳜﻄﻂ‬
-
‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
-ed
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻸ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬
.
-
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
e
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-ed
‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬
e
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
-ed
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
use
used ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ , like
liked ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
y
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-ed
‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬
y
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
-ied
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳﺪﺭﺱ‬
study
studied
-
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
w
‫ﺃﻭ‬
y
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-ed

‫ﻀ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻌﻒ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍ‬
ed
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
play
played
-
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬
+
‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
+
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻖ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻄ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧـﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
-ed
‫ﻣﺸﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﲢﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-ed

‫ﻌ‬‫ﻧﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
-ed
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
stop
stopped ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ , plan
planned ‫ﳜﻄﻂ‬
*,‫إ‬ $‫ا‬%
-ed
:

13. ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
،
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
.
He is smart.
The building
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
apple
.
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
:
‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
He is smart.
building is there.
‫ﺍﻻﲰﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
Subject
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‬
apples
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
s
.
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ،
I
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
He is smart.
is there.
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬
:
‫ﺍﻻﲰﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
.
Subject +
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
It
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
They
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ،
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
،‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
١٣
‫ﺍﺛﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
.
:
Verb.1
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‬
.
eat
،
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ،
It
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻦ‬،‫ﻫﻢ‬ ،
They
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
:
1 +
‫ﺄﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬
at
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،
She
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ،
s
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬ ،
We
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
.
Object
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬
Object
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺄﻛﻞ‬
John
،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ !.
:
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
He
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬
s
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
You
‫ﳓﻦ‬ ،
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
Object
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺄﻛﻞ‬
.
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
John
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ !.
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
:
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
.
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ‬
(
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺄﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
:
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ !.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
-
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
-
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
-
-
١
(
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ !.
-
-
-
-

14. ١٤
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
John eats apples. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬
.
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
s
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
eat
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
:
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
John
.
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ‬
.




‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
:
‫ﻫﻢ‬
They
،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ‬
play
،
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬
football
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
They play football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
s
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
play
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
They
.
‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
football
‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼـﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄ‬
‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋ‬
:
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄ‬
‫ﻂ‬
The cats
،
‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌ‬
:
‫ـﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻠﻌ‬
play
،
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻮﻝ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌ‬
:
‫ـﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
in street
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
The cats play in a street. ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ‬
‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
.
The cats play in the street. ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
s
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
play
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‬
.




‫ﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬
He
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
:
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺸﺮﺏ‬
drink
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
water
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
He drinks water. ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺿﻌ‬
‫ﻨﺎ‬
s
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
drink
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻮ‬
He
.
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
water
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
a
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺼﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
:
Verb.1 + Object
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬

15. ١٥
-
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
:
Have lunch. ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﱄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬
.
Drink water. ‫ﺷ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
.
،
‫ﺍﺷﺮﰊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
.
،
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
.
،
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺑﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
.
،
‫ﺍﺷﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
Be sure of that.
Be careful. ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺬﺭ‬
.
،
‫ﻛﻮﱐ‬
‫ﺣﺬﺭﺓ‬
.
،
‫ﻛﻮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺣﺬﺭ‬
.
،
‫ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺣﺬﺭﻳﻦ‬
.
،

‫ﻦ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺣﺬﺭﺍﺕ‬
.
Give it to me. ‫ﺃﻋﻄﲏ‬
‫ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‬
.
Give me the pen ‫ﺃﻋﻄﲏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬
.
You go ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬ ،
‫ﺍﺫﻫﱯ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺒﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬ ،
‫ﺍﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﱳ‬ ،
‫ﺍﺫﻫﱭ‬
.
Do whatever you want. ‫ﺍﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬
.
،
‫ﺍﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺪﻳﻦ‬
.
،
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺪﺍﻥ‬
.
،
‫ﺍﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬
Do
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
Do have lunch.
Do drink water.
Do be careful.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬
Do not (Don't)
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺔ‬
:
‫ﻛــﺎﺭﻟــﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻄ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻞ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻴـﻒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺮﲨﻬﺎ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
:
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
Carlos
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬
a hero
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
:
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
is
He , She , It ,
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
are
You , We , They ,
am
I
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
is , are , am
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ‬
was , were
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
.

16. Carlos
‫ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳓـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻷﻥ‬
Carlos is
‫ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳓـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
(You are
The cats
The (c
(He is/
(She is
(We are
(They
(It is/It'
(I am/I'
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
smart , busy , lazy , beautiful
‫ﻷﻥ‬
You are
is a hero.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺑﻄ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
،
‫ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳓـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
are/You'
The cats are beautiful
cat is/cat'
/He's) smart
is/She's)
are/We're
They are/They'
It's) lazy.
I'm) busy
‫ﻗﻄﻂ‬
cats
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
smart , busy , lazy , beautiful
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬
.
He is
You are
You're , They are
.
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺑﻄ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬
.
You're) careless
beautiful
at's) beautiful
smart.
) smart.
re) smart.
They're) smart
lazy.
busy.
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻂ‬
smart , busy , lazy , beautiful
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬
He is
He's , She is
John is
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
You're , They are
Carlos
:
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
careless.
beautiful.
beautiful.
smart.
smart
cats're
‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
smart , busy , lazy , beautiful
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
He's , She is
John is
John's , Ali is
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
You're , They are
I am
١٦
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
Carlos
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
:
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
cats are
‫ﺇﱃ‬
ats're
smart , busy , lazy , beautiful , careless
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
He's , She is
She's , It is
John's , Ali is
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
You're , They are
They're , We are
I am
I'm
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
:
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺴﻮﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﺘﺼﺮ‬
ats are
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
careless
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
She's , It is
John's , Ali is
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
They're , We are
I'm
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺴﻮﻝ‬
/
‫ﻛﺴﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﳔ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻔ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She's , It is
Ali's
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
They're , We are
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
is
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
:
‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
.
‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ‬
.
‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺔ‬
.
.
.
‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
.
‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻛﺴﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ‬
.
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
a
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
It's
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
They're , We are
We're
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺫﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
/
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
-
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
We're
-
-
-

17. John and
He and
11:15
22:15 quarter past twenty two
15:45
21:45 quarter to twenty
10:32
20:45
and Carlos
she are smart.
9:30 half past nine
12:30 half past twelve
11:15
quarter past twenty two
15:45 quarter to
quarter to twenty
10:32 ten
14:05 fourteen
10:15 ten
9:30 nine
20:45 twenty
Carlos.
she are smart.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
British Language
:
half past nine
half past twelve
X
quarter past eleven
quarter past twenty two
X
quarter to
quarter to twenty
ten
fourteen
American Language
:
ten
nine
twenty
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
١٧
British Language
X:30
half past nine
half past twelve
X:15
quarter past eleven
quarter past twenty two
X:45
quarter to sixteen
quarter to twenty
ten and thirty two
fourteen and
American Language
ten and fifteen
nine and thirty
twenty and forty five
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
British Language
half past nine o'clock.
half past twelve o'clock
quarter past eleven
quarter past twenty two
sixteen three
quarter to twenty two nine
thirty two
and five o'clock
American Language
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﺃ‬
:
fifteen o'clock
thirty o'clock
forty five
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
British Language
o'clock.
o'clock.
quarter past X
quarter past eleven o'clock
quarter past twenty two ten o'clock
three o'clock
nine o'clock
o'clock.
o'clock.
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
American Language
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﺃ‬
o'clock.
o'clock.
forty five o'clock
clock
:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
half past X
quarter past X
o'clock.
o'clock.
quarter to X
o'clock.
o'clock.
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﺃ‬
o'clock.
$/‫ا‬ 01‫آ‬
clock
and
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
.‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
.‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
are
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
(
half past X
(
quarter past X
(
quarter to X
(
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﺃ‬
$/‫ا‬ 01‫آ‬
-
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
and
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
are
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
٤
(
-
$/‫ا‬ 01‫آ‬
-

18. ١٨
‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
:
Day
،
‫ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
:
Week
‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ،
:
Month
‫ﻗﺮﻥ‬ ،
:
Century
-
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
:
Saturday (Sat) ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬ , Sunday (Sun) ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬ , Monday (Mon) ‫ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬ ,
Tuesday (Thu) ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‬ ,Wednesday (Wed) ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ‬ , Thursday (Thu) ‫ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ‬ ,
Friday (Fri) ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬
-
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
)
‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬
(
January
1
‫ﺷﺒﺎﻁ‬
)
‫ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ‬
(
February
2
‫ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‬
)
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬
(
March
3
‫ﻧﺴﻴﺎﻥ‬
)
‫ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬
(
April
4
‫ﺃﻳﺎﺭ‬
)
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻮ‬
(
May
5
‫ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
)
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬
(
June
6
‫ﲤﻮﺯ‬
)
‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬
(
July
7
‫ﺁﺏ‬
)
‫ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ‬
(
August
8
‫ﺃﻳﻠﻮﻝ‬
)
‫ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ‬
(
September
9
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
)
‫ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬
(
October
10
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
)
‫ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ‬
(
November
11
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
)
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‬
(
December
12
-
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺮﺃ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺮﻗﻤ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﲔ‬
-
‫ﺭﻗﻤ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻟـﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻤﲔ‬
-
‫ﺭﻗﻤﲔ‬
.
1999 nineteen-ninety nine
2000 twenty-zero zero
1631 sixteen-thirty one
-
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬
AD
:
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻮﱘ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬
،
AH
:
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻮﱘ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﳍﺠﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻱ‬
BC
:
‫ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻮﱘ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬
3‫ر‬1‫ا‬ 01‫آ‬
Date
:

19. ١٩
2/5/1320AD two/five/thirteen-twenty AD
3/12/1401AH three/twelve/fourteen-one AH
1000BC ‫ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻒ‬
7th
century ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬
1st
century ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬

20. ٢٠
-
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺮﻭ‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬
.
‫ﻓـﺮﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
،
‫ﻓﻬﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜـﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤ‬
‫ﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬
.
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻨﺘ‬
‫ﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
)
-or
/
-our
(
:
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
arbour arbor ‫ﻣﻈﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﳏﻮﺭ‬ ،
armour armor ‫ﺩﺭﻉ‬
behaviour behavior ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
colour color ‫ﻟﻮﻥ‬
endeavour endeavor ‫ﳛ‬
‫ﺎﻭﻝ‬
favour favor ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ،
fervour fervor ‫ﺗﻮﻫﺞ‬
‫ﲪﺎﺳﺔ‬ ،
glamour glamor ‫ﺳﺤﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻓﺘﻨﺔ‬
harbour harbor ، ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺠﺄ‬
honour honor ‫ﺷﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬ ،
humour humor ‫ﺩﻋﺎﺑﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺰﺍﺝ‬
labour labor ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
neighbour neighbor ‫ﺟﺎﺭ‬
odour odor ، ‫ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻜﻬﺔ‬
parlour parlor ‫ﺭﺩﻫﺔ‬
rancour rancor ‫ﺣﻘﺪ‬
rumour rumor ‫ﺇﺷﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ق‬5‫ا‬
‫آ‬#‫وا‬ 78‫ا‬ 91 ‫ا‬ 90
:

21. ٢١
saviour savior ‫ﳐﻠﺺ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺬ‬
splendour splendor ‫ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬ ،
vapour vapor ‫ﲞﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺿﺒﺎﺏ‬ ،
vigour vigor ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
)
-er
/
-re
:(
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
centre center ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ،
fibre fiber ‫ﻟﻴﻒ‬
metre meter ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
piastre piaster ‫ﻗﺮﺵ‬
sombre somber ‫ﻛﺌﻴﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻢ‬
theatre theater ‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
)
-log
/
-logue
(
:
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
catalogue catalog ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﺓ‬
،
‫ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮﺝ‬
dialogue dialog ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺭ‬
monologue monolog ‫ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺟﺎﺓ‬
prologue prolog 
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﻘ‬
‫ﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
/
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
:
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
counsellor counselor ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬

22. ٢٢
jeweller jeweler ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺋﻎ‬
kidnapper kidnaper ‫ﺧﺎﻃﻒ‬
programmer programer ‫ﻣﱪﻣﺞ‬
traveller traveler ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬
worshipper worshiper 
‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺠ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
/
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
)
-se
/
-ce
:(
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
defence defense ‫ﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬
licence license ‫ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬
offence offense ‫ﺇﺳﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻯ‬ ،
practice practise ‫ﻳﺘﺪﺭﺏ‬
‫ﳝﺎﺭﺱ‬ ،
pretence pretense ‫ﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‬
/
‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
:
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
apartment flat ‫ﺷﻘﺔ‬
apologize apologise ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺬﺭ‬
cheque check ، ‫ﳛﻘﻖ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
،
‫ﻣﺼﺮﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻚ‬
film movie ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬
grey gray ‫ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱ‬
holiday vacation ‫ﻋﻄﻠﺔ‬
moustache mustache ‫ﺷﺎﺭﺏ‬
petrol gasoline ‫ﺑﱰﻳﻦ‬

23. ٢٣
plough plow ‫ﳏﺮﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺍﻓﺔ‬ ،
programme program ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
pyjamas pajamas ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎﺏ‬
)
‫ﲝﺎﻣﺔ‬
(
recognize recognise 
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳﺘﻌ‬
‫ﻑ‬
relize relise ‫ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‬
sulphur sulfur ‫ﻛﱪﻳﺖ‬
tyre tire ‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬
waggon wagon ‫ﻋﺮﺑﺔ‬

24. ٢٤
Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
1) 102nd
is written as:
A. one hundred second.
B. one hundred and second.
C. one hundredth second.
D. one hundredth and second.
2) 8014698 is written as:
A. eight million and fourteen thousand six hundred ninety eight.
B. eight million fourteen thousand six hundred and ninety eight.
C. eight millions fourteen thousands six hundreds ninety eight.
D. eight million fourteen thousand six hundred ninety eight.
3) run + -ed:
A. runned.
B. runed.
C. runied.
D. None of all above.
4) wish + -s:
A. wishes.
B. wishs.
C. wishies.
D. None of all above.
5) matrix + -s:
A. matrises.
B. matrixs.
C. matrixes.
D. None of all above.
6) lie + -ing:
A. lyeing.
B. lieing.
C. lying.
D. None of all above.
7) read + -ed:
A. read.
B. readed.
C. readded.
D. None of all above.

25. ٢٥
8) love + -ing:
A. loving
B. loveing
C. lovving
D. None of all above.
9) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Dogs drink a water.
B. Dogs drink water.
C. Dogs drink the water.
D. Dogs drinks water.
E. Dogs drinks the water.
10) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Play with me.
B. Played with me.
C. Playing with me.
D. None of all above.
11) 10:45 is read in British clock as:
A. ten and forty five o'clock.
B. quarter to eleven o'clock.
C. quarter to ten o'clock.
D. quarter past ten o'clock.
E. quarter past eleven o'clock.
12) 9/10/2005AD is written as:
A. nine/ten/twenty-fife AD.
B. nine/ten/two thousand five AD.
C. nine/ten/two thousand five BC.
D. None of all above.
13) The most difference between British and American Language is:
A. Grammar
B. Vocabulary.
C. How to pronounce words.
D. None of all above.
14) About the clock topic, all answers below are correct except:
A. Americans use PM and AM.
B. 8:15 means quarter past eight o'clock.
C. There is a big difference between American and British clock.
D. 10:22 can be read in British ten and twenty two o'clock.

26. ١

27. I
I
We
We
You
You
play football.
am a hero.
We play
We are hero
، ‫ﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬ ، ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺃﻧﱳ‬
.
You play football.
You are a hero.
football.
hero.
play football.
are heroes.
، ‫ﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬ ، ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
.
play football.
are a hero.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
football.
، ‫ﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬ ، ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
play football.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬
Capital
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
٢
‫ﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬
Personal Pronouns
:
Capital
‫ﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
Subject
:
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
Personal Pronouns
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ًﲝﺮﻑ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬
Letter
‫ﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
Subject
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
Personal Pronouns
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ًﲝﺮﻑ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
Personal Pronouns
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
I
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ًﲝﺮﻑ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺒﲔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺒﺎﻥ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﱭ‬
.
‫ﺗﺴ‬
‫ﻭﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬
.
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻄﺎﻝ‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
-
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﱳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﱭ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬
.
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻠﺔ‬
.
I
We
You
-
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
-
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻧﱳ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻧ‬

28. ٣
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
He plays football. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
He is a hero. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
She plays football. ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
She is a hero. ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻠﺔ‬
.
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬
‫ﻫﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ، ‫ﳘﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻼﻥ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻄﺎﻝ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﱳ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻼﺕ‬
.
You are heroes.
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﻮﻣﻴ‬ ‫ﲤﻄﺮ‬
.
It rains daily.
It is large. ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬
.
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‬
.
They play football.
‫ﳘﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻠﻌﺒ‬
‫ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﻫﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﱭ‬
.
They are heroes.
‫ﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻼﻥ‬
.
‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻄﺎﻝ‬
.
‫ﻫﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻼﺕ‬
.
He
She
It
They

29. ٤
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬
Objective
:
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺀ‬
.
She tells me everything. ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﲣ‬
‫ﱪ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
.
He goes with me. ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻌ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ‬
.
She tells us everything. ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﲣ‬
‫ﱪ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
.
He knows us well. ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓـ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬
.
I know him well. ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺜﺔ‬
.
I know her well. ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺀ‬
.
I read it. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬
‫ﻩ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
I know them well. ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻬﻢ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
She prefers to go with you.
‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌ‬
‫ﻚ‬
.
‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
‫ﻚ‬
.
‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬
.
‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻢ‬
.
‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻦ‬
.
me
us
you
him
her
it
them

30. ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
They
I
‫ﺇﻧﲏ‬
It is your turn.
He is my dog.
She is my cat.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬
.
Who is there?
It is my brother who told me.
It is a hot day.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
‫ﺇﻧﲏ‬ , He
is your turn.
is my dog.
is my cat.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬
Who is there? It
is my brother who told me.
is a hot day.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ , She
is your turn.
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
.
is my dog.
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
.
is my cat. .
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‬
.
It is a milkman.
is my brother who told me.
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
, She
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
is your turn.
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
.
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‬
is a milkman.
is my brother who told me.
٥
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
, We
is your turn.
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
is a milkman. .
is my brother who told me.
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
:
‫ﺇﻧﻨﺎ‬ , They
is your turn.
He , him
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
She , her
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
.
She , her
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
.
is my brother who told me.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
, They
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺇ‬
is your turn.
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑﺍﻥ‬
He , him
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑﺍﻥ‬
She , her
.
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬
She , her
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻊ‬
.
It
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
is my brother who told me. ‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻲ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻃﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﳐﺎﻃﺐ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺇ‬ , It
is your turn. ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻙ‬
.
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑﺍﻥ‬
.
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻄﱵ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
It
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ؟‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
It
‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﳐﺎﻃﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﳐﺎﻃﺐ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
١
(
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬ ، ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻙ‬
٢
(
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻠﱯ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻗﻄﱵ‬
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬
٥
(
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ؟‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
١
٢
٣
٤
٥

31. ٦
-
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﺒﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺔ‬
.
‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﳌﻨﻊ‬
‫ﳏـﻞ‬ ‫ﲢﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﺒﻘ‬
‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
Possessive Pronouns
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬
Possessive Determiners
This house is mine.
This is my house.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﱄ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻟـ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.
This house is yours.
This is your house.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻚ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻟ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻚ‬
.
This house is his.
This is his house.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻟ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻪ‬
.
This house is hers.
This is her house.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻟـ‬
‫ﻬﺎ‬
.
This house is its.
This is its house.
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
.
‫ﻣﱰﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
.
This house is ours.
This is our house.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻟـ‬
‫ﻨﺎ‬
.
This house is theirs.
This is their house.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﳍﻢ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻟـ‬
‫ﻬﻢ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
of
‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
.
I go to the cinema with a friend of mine. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﱄ‬
.
I go to the cinema with my friend. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
،
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬
's
‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
This is Carla's house. ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻻ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
،
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬
'
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺼﺎﻏ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬
-s
‫ﺃﻭ‬
-es
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
This is boys' house. ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ا‬
Possessive Pronouns
:

32. ٧
-
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
-self
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
ourselves
myself
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
yourselves
yourself
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬
themselves
himself
herself
itself
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬
She hurt herself in the garden. ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺟﺮﺣ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
He is talking to himself. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻔ‬
‫ﺴﻪ‬
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
-
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ، ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
This is a table. ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
، ‫ﺫﺍﻙ‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ،
.
That is my brother. ‫ﺫ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻲ‬
.
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
These books are yours. ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻚ‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
Reflexive Pronouns
:
‫رة‬ ‫ا‬
Demonstrative Pronouns
:
‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
This
That
These

33. ٨
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬
.
Those are my friends. ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ‬
.
-
‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
Who? , Whom?
:
‫ﻣﻦ؟‬
What?
:
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ؟‬
Which?
:
‫ﺃﻱ؟‬
Whose?
:
‫ﳌﻦ؟‬
When?
:
‫ﻣﱴ؟‬
-
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﰐ‬ ،‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
،
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬
.
That is the man who told me. ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ‬
.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
:
The man told me
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
the man
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬
‫ـﺮﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﲨﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬
،
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬
.
This is the doctor whom I met him yesterday. ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻪ‬
.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
:
I met the doctor yesterday
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
the doctor
.
‫م‬#$%‫ا‬
Interrogative Pronouns
:
'( ‫ا‬
Relative Pronouns
:
Those
who
‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
whom
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬

34. That
This
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻓـﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬
This
I talked
.
That is the
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬
.
This is the
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬
،
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻓـﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬
This is the
I talked to
The team
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
1) This is the man
This is the man
2) This is the car
This is the car
This is the doctor (
This is the car
is the man
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬
is the car which
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻓـﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬
is the man (
to John
The team which
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
This is the man
This is the man
This is the car
This is the car
This is the doctor (
This is the car (
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
.
man whom I
‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬
which I bought.
‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻓـﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬
(whom/
(who/that
which wears in green is our team.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
This is the man that
This is the man that
This is the car which
This is the car which
This is the doctor (whom
(which/that
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
who
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
I talked
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬
I bought.
‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
who
‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻓـﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬
/that) I can trust.
that) left
wears in green is our team.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
that I can trust
that I can trust.
which I bought
which I bought.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
.
whom/that)
that) I bought
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
٩
to.
I talked to
the man
.
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
،
‫ﺣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
who , whom
I can trust.
yesterday.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ‬
.
wears in green is our team.
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
I can trust him
I can trust.
I bought it.
I bought.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
) I met him yesterday.
I bought.
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
.
I talked to
the man
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
which
, whom ,
who , whom
.
I can trust.
yesterday. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬
.
which
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ‬
wears in green is our team.
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
him.
I can trust. ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
(
.
I bought. (
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
I met him yesterday.
whom
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
.
I talked to the man
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
the man
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﳏﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
which
who , whom
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻮﻕ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
which
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
I met him yesterday.
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
whom
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ‬
.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
:
the man
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﳏﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
who , whom
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺮﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
-
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬
-
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
which
that
-
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺮﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
-
-
-

35. ١٠
Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
1) Pronoun you is:
A. Singular Subject Personal Pronoun.
B. Plural Subject Personal Pronoun.
C. Singular Object Personal Pronoun.
D. Plural Object Personal Pronoun.
E. All above.
2) Pronoun him is:
A. Singular Subject Personal Pronoun.
B. Plural Subject Personal Pronoun.
C. Singular Object Personal Pronoun.
D. Plural Object Personal Pronoun.
E. All above.
3) Pronoun they is used to express:
A. People.
B. Things.
C. Animals.
D. A C.
E. A B C.
4) Pronoun it is used to express:
A. People.
B. Things.
C. Animals.
D. B C.
E. A B C.
5) Pronoun those…
A. is the opposite of these.
B. points to thing that are not near.
C. points to people that are not near.
D. A B.
E. A C.
F. B C.
6) Choose the correct sentence:
A. She wishes to be an artist.
B. i speak English very well.
C. This pen is for a friend of me.
D. Look at all that houses.
E. None of all above.

36. ١١
7) Choose the correct sentence:
A. This is the building which I work in it.
B. I read these books which is on the table.
C. Look at that man, it's my friend.
D. I will marry that woman that works in the library.
E. None of all above.
8) Choose the correct sentence:
A. It is mine cat.
B. She is mine cat.
C. It is my cat.
D. He is my cat.
E. None of all above.
9) Choose the correct sentence:
A. I want to play soccer with a brother of your.
B. I want to play soccer with a brother of her.
C. I want to play soccer with a brother of my.
D. I want to play soccer with a brother of our.
E. None of all above.
10) Choose the correct sentence:
A. That is the man who I bought the car from him.
B. That is the man who I bought the car from.
C. That is the man who I bought the car.
D. That is the man which I bought the car.
E. None of all above.
11) Choose the correct sentence:
A. That is the playground which we play in.
B. That is the playground who we play in.
C. That is the playground which we play in it.
D. That is the playground who we play in it.
E. None of all above.
12) Relative pronoun that is used to express:
A. Singular.
B. Plural.
C. People
D. Things
E. All above.
F. None of all above.
13) About that, all answers below are correct except:
A. It is used to introduce a defining relative clause.
B. It is similar to who and which.
C. It is a singular pronoun which indicates something not near.
D. None of all above.

37. ١

38. ٢
-
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﱪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﱪﻭﻓﻴﺴﻮﺭ‬
Geoffrey Leech
:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻮﻯ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
Auxiliary Verbs
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
:
Primary Auxiliary Verbs
:
be - have - do
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
.
Modal Auxiliary Verbs
:
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
:
will - would - can - could - may - might - shall - should
must - ought to - used to
-
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻀـﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻟـﻪ‬
s
-
‫ﺃﻭ‬
ing
-
‫ﺃﻭ‬
ed
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
to must
,
musting
,
musts
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬
be , have , do
‫ﳍـﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﺿـﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻴﻤﻜﻦ‬
-s
‫ﺃﻭ‬
-ing
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
،
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺯﻣﻨـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
...
‫ﺇﱁ‬
.
He wills go. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
He will go. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
(
-
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬
)
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼـﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬
–s
‫ﺃﻭ‬
–ing
(
Introduction
:

39. He will go
He will go.
is
are
am
be
was
were
been
(I
(He
(She
He will go
He will go.
is
He , She , It
are
You , We , They
am
I.
be

‫ﻦ‬‫ﻛ‬ ،
.
was
I , He , She , It
were
You , We , They
been
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
I am/I'm
He is/He'
She is/She'
- be + -
- were
He will going.
He will go.
He , She , It
You , We , They
‫ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻮﻧﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻮﱐ‬ ،

‫ﻦ‬‫ﻛ‬ ،
I , He , She , It
You , We , They
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
m) a genius
He's) a genius
She's) a genius
-ing
b
+ -s
He , She , It , ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
You , We , They
‫ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻮﻧﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻮﱐ‬ ،
I , He , She , It , ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
You , We , They
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬ ،
...
.
genius.
genius.
genius.
being.
was.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
.
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬.
, ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ .
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻮﻧﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻮﱐ‬ ،
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ .
You , We , They , ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
، ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ،
‫ﻧﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬ ،
.
.
.
٣
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬.
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
، ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ،
Auxiliary Verbs
:
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
am , is ,
:
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﱪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
Auxiliary Verbs
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
(
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
:
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
٣
(
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
:
am , is , are
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﱪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳ‬
.
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳ‬
.
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬
.
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
Auxiliary Verbs
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
will
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻝ‬
are
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﱪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬
-
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬
-
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
-
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬
will
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻱ‬
-
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻱ‬
-
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬
-
be
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
-
١
(
٢
(
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬

40. (It
(You
(We
(They
، ‫ﺎ‬
I
He
She
It
You
We
They
I will
It is/It's)
You are
We are/
They are
‫ﻛﻨـﺖ‬ ،
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ،
‫ـ‬
‫ﻨ‬
، ‫ﺎ‬
I was here
He was here
She was here
It was here
You were
We were
They were
I will be
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
You are
) a genius
are/You're
/We're)
are/They'
‫ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬ ،
‫ﻛﻨـﺖ‬ ،
here.
here.
here.
here.
were here.
were here.
were here.
there minutes
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
He is
You are
You're , They are
genius. ‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬
.
re) a genius
geniuses
They're) genius
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬ ،
.
.
there minutes later
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
He is
He's , She is
John is
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
You're , They are
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳ‬
/
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬
genius.
es.
geniuses.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
later.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
He's , She is
John is John's , Ali is
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
You're , They are
I am
٤
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
/
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﲟﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﲎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
He's , She is
She's , It is
John's , Ali is
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
You're , They are
They're , We are
I am
I'm
‫ﻫﻮ‬
/
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﲔ‬
.
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﲔ‬
.
:
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺧﱪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﲟﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
She's , It is
John's , Ali is
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
They're , We are
I'm
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻱ‬
/
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬
-
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳ‬
.
‫ﻧﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﲔ‬
was , were
:
‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺧﱪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
/
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
.
be
:
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She's , It is
Ali's
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
They're , We are
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻱ‬
-
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﻮﻥ‬
-
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﻮﻥ‬
-
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻼ‬
‫ﻥ‬
was , were
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻭﺧﱪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
be
:
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
been
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
It's
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
They're , We are
We're
‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻮ‬
/
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻼ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
...
.
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
/
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
-
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
We're
-
١
(
٢
(
-
١
(
-
١
(
-
-

41. has
have
had
He
She
It
I
‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
has
He , She , It
have
I , You , We ,They
had
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
He has friends.
She has friends.
It has friends
I have friends.
- have
- have +
- have +
‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
I have
He had
He , She , It
I , You , We ,They
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
friends.
friends.
friends.
friends.
+ -ing
have + -s
have + -ed
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
:
He has
‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
I have
He had
I had
He , She , It , ‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺮﺩ‬
I , You , We ,They
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
having.
has.
had.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
He has
He's , She has
John has
have
‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
I've , You have
He'd , She had
I'd , You had
‫ﻣﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬.
I , You , We ,They , ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
(
.
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬/
aving.
has
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
He's , She has
has
John's
have , had
I've , You have
They have
He'd , She had
I'd , You had
They had
٥
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬.
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﳚﺮﻱ‬
)
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
(
/‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬/‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬
has
He's , She has
John's , Ali
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬
had
I've , You have
You've , We have
They have
They've
He'd , She had
She'd , It had
I'd , You had
You'd , We had
They had
They'd
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
They.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
، ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ،
‫ﳚﺮﻱ‬
.‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬
She's , It has
Ali has
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬
You've , We have
They've
She'd , It had
You'd , We had
They'd
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
has , have
:
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
)
‫ﻟﺪﻯ‬
(
، ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ،
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬/‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
She's , It has
Ali 's
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
:
You've , We have
She'd , It had
You'd , We had
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻥ‬
has , have
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
It's ,
's
‫ﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
We've
It'd ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬
(
We'd ,
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻼ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬/‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
-
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
We've ,
)
‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬
We'd ,
have
-
١
(
٢
(
-
-

42. You
We
They
He
She
It
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
I
You
We
They
He
You have
We have
They have
He has to
She has to
It has to
I have to
You have to
We have to
They have to
He had friends
She had friends
It had friends
I had friends
You had
We had friends
They had
He had to
He owned a car.
have friends.
have friends.
have friends.
has to go now
has to go now
go now.
have to go now
have to go now
have to go now
have to go
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
friends.
friends.
friends.
friends.
friends
friends.
had friends
to go now.
He owned a car.
friends.
friends.
friends.
now.
now.
.
now.
now.
now.
now.
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬
(
.
.
.
friends.
.
friends.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
.
now.
He owned a car.
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ،
‫ﺟﺮﻯ‬ ،
)
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬
.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
now.
He owned a car.
٦
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ،
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.
have to
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
own
.
He owned a car.
.‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬
/
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
have to
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
own
He owned a car.
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
to
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﳚ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮﺍ‬
.
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
has , have
.
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬
/
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.
.
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.
to
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ‬
to
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
/
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ 
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
had
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
has , have
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﻟﺪﻳ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ‬
to
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻚ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬ ،
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﳕﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ 
‫ﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
/
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
-
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﳝ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
٣
(
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
-

43. She
It
I
You
We
They
d
d
d
d
He
She
It
I
You
We
She had to
It had to
I had to go
You had
We had to
They had
do
I , You , We , They ,
does
He , She , It ,
did
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
done
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
He does seem
She does
It does seem
I do seem
You do seem
We do seem
- do +
- do +
- do +
to go now
go now
go now.
to go now
to go now
had to go now
I , You , We , They ,
He , She , It ,
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
seem good
does seem good
seem good
seem good.
seem good
seem good
o + -ing
do + -s
does.
do + -ed
did.
now.
now.
.
now.
now.
now.
I , You , We , They ,
He , She , It , ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
.
good.
good.
good.
good.
good.
doing.
does.
did.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
.
.
.
.
I , You , We , They , ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ .
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
I , He , She , It , You , We ,
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
٧
/
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
.
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬.
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬
/
.
.
.
They.
They.
do ,
:
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮﺍ‬
.
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
:
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
:
o , does , d
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
.
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬
/
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
/
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻝ‬
did
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺒﺪﻭ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
/
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺪﻭ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
do
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(

44. ٨
They do seem good. ‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﺠﺰ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
.
He does his job well. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
She does her job well. ‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.
It does its job well. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
/
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠﻪ‬
/
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠﻬ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
I do my job well. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.
You do your job well. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.
We did our job well. ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠ‬
‫ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
They did their job well.
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺎﻣﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠﻬ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
will
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
would
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
will
:
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺱ‬
١
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
.
Susan will be here in half of an hour. ‫ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
would
:
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺱ‬
١
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
Future in the Past
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
Conditional Clauses
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
.
Would you lend me your pen? ‫ﻗﻠﻤﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﱄ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
will

45. ٩
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
shall
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
should
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
shall
:
١
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
I
‫ﺃﻭ‬
We
،
‫ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
will
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬
،
‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﺴـﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
.
Shall we go abroad? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ؟‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
٢
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬
instructions
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
.
All students shall attend the class. ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﳛﻀﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺼﺔ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
should
:
١
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻻﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﲣﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬
The government should lower taxes.
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻚ‬
You should phone your mother every week.
٢
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
rules instructions
.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬

‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺮﻭﺍ‬

‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬
old saying
Children should be seen and not heard.
٣
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ‬
.
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
The plane should land right now.
٤
(
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
should + have + V.3
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ؟‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬
You should have posted those letters. Why didn't you?
shall

46. ١٠
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬
‫؟‬
He should have been home long ago. Where is he?
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
may
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
might
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
may
:
١
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺸـﻲﺀ‬
permission
‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
can
‫ﻭ‬
could
‫ﺷـﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
.
May I come in? ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
May I use your cell phone? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻮﻱ؟‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
٢
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
possibility
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﺿـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﲟﻌـﲎ‬
‫ﺭﲟـﺎ‬
perhaps
.
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
.
The news may be true. OR Perhaps the news is true.
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻤﻄﺮ‬
.
It may rain tomorrow. OR Perhaps it rains tomorrow.
may
Where's James?
Why is he late?
I don't know, Mr Baker.
He may be ill.
Or he may be too
lazy to come to
school.
‫؟‬ ! #‫أ‬
‫؟‬%'( ‫ذا‬
‫ف‬% ‫أ‬ +
, #
%-
.
‫ر‬
#% 0‫ه‬
.
‫أو‬
‫ر‬
3(' ً
‫ا‬! ‫ل‬0 ‫آ‬ 0‫ه‬
,‫ار‬ 6‫إ‬
.

47. ١١
٣
(
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
may + have + V.3
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
possibility
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
He may have dead. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺕ‬
.
He may have been ill. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺮﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
may + be + V-ing
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻝ‬
possibility
‫ﳛ‬
‫ﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
.
He may be coming to school on foot. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺁﰐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
might
:
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
could
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻔﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
،
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬
might
‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬
could
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
.
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
can
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
could
I , He , She , It , You , We , They.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
can
:
١
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ‬
ability
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻜﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
.
He can speak English. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬
.
You cannot smoke here. ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﲔ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬
permission
‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
could
.
‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﺎﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
You can borrow the radio until tomorrow.
٣
(
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
possibility
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺭﲟـﺎ‬
perhaps
‫ﻳﻔﻀـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
may
.
The weather can be very hot in Delhi. ‫ﺍﳉﻮ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﳍﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺎﺭ‬
.
can

48. ١٢
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
could
:
١
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
ability
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﱠـ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬ ،
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ،
‫ﻜﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻳ‬
.
He could learn English. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
،‫ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌﻄﻔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
In those days, you could buy a coat for $20 only.
٢
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳛ‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
.
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﲤﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
‫ﲤﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬
It could rain tomorrow, but there are no clouds in the sky today.
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﲑ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
One day I could become a millionaire, but the chances are
very small.
٣
(
‫ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬
permission
.
‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻤﺎﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
You could borrow the radio until tomorrow.
٤
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬
‫ﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬
suggestions
.
‫ﺍﶈﺎﺩﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
Conversation
:
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
:
‫ﺳﺄﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﱵ‬
‫ﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺴﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ‬
Student: What will I do to improve my English?
Teacher: Well, you could try some of these grammar exercises.
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
must
:
١
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
obligation
.
You must eat to live. ‫ﳛﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﺶ‬
.
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﻮﺕ‬
٢
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
،
‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺷـﻌﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬
.
‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬
:
This mosque is very old. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺪﳝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
.
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻗﺪﳝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
،
‫ﻳﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﺄﻧﻪ‬
This mosque must be very old.
must

49. ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
A. There is somebody knocking on the door.
B. Yes, it
She
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
A. There is somebody knocking on the door.
B. Yes, it
She used to
had to
.
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬
permission
.
‫ﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
A. There is somebody knocking on the door.
B. Yes, it must be my son. He always gets home at this time.
Subject
used to be a teacher.
must = have to
.
have to
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
had to
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬
permission
‫ﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
A. There is somebody knocking on the door.
be my son. He always gets home at this time.
Subject +
be a teacher.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
must = have to
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
have to
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺧﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬
permission
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
may
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
A. There is somebody knocking on the door.
be my son. He always gets home at this time.
+ used to
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
.
be a teacher.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
must = have to
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
might
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺧﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
can
‫ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
can , may , will , must , shall
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
١٣
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
A. There is somebody knocking on the door.
be my son. He always gets home at this time.
used to +
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
be a teacher.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
might
could
‫ﺭﺧﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
can , may , could
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﻬﻢ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
can , may , will , must , shall
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﰐ‬
.
Conversation
:
.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
A. There is somebody knocking on the door.
be my son. He always gets home at this time.
+ Verb.1
use to
.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
must
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
might
:
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
could
can , may , could
could
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺬﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
can
.
can , may , will , must , shall
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﰐ‬
Conversation
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
.
‫ﺍﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‬
be my son. He always gets home at this time.
1 + Object
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
must
.
have to
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
must
‫ﻭ‬
might
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
can , may , could
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
could
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺬﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
can , may , will , must , shall
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﰐ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﺩﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
Conversation
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‬
be my son. He always gets home at this time.
:
Object
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
used to
:
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
should
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬
have to
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
could
possibil
،
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
permission
،
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‬
may
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺬﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
can , may , will , must , shall
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﰐ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﺩﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺃ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺏ‬
.
،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
used to
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
-
should
-
must
-
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
possibility
-
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
ermission
‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‬
-
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
-
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
used to
-
-
-
١
(
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

50. I
When we were children, we
‫ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
I used to
When we were children, we
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
use to
.
She (did not
She use
Did she
Used she to be a teacher?
‫ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
work in
When we were children, we
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
She used to be a teacher.
used to
‫ﺇﱃ‬
use to
did not/didn't) use to be a teacher.
She used not to be a teacher.
Did she use to be a teacher?
Used she to be a teacher?
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
work in Madrid. Now I work in Kuala Lumpur.
When we were children, we
She used to be a teacher.
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺒﺪﻝ‬
used to
didn't) use to be a teacher.
to be a teacher.
use to
.
use to be a teacher?
Used she to be a teacher?
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﻞ‬
Madrid. Now I work in Kuala Lumpur.
past habit
.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
When we were children, we used to
She used to be a teacher.
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
didn't
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺒﺪﻝ‬
didn't) use to be a teacher.
to be a teacher.
‫ﺇﱃ‬
use to
use to be a teacher?
Used she to be a teacher?
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
١٤
‫ﻛﻮﺍﻻﳌﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
.
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
Madrid. Now I work in Kuala Lumpur.
ast habit
.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
used to play in that
but now she works in news paper.
.
‫ﺃﻭ‬
didn't
didn't) use to be a teacher.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺒﺪﻝ‬
used to
use to be a teacher?
Used she to be a teacher?
used to
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺍﻻﳌﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
Madrid. Now I work in Kuala Lumpur.
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
ast habit
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ،
.
play in that
but now she works in news paper.
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
did not
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬
.
didn't) use to be a teacher.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
used
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬
.
Did
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺒﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
Used she to be a teacher? ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
used to
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬
.
‫ﻛﻮﺍﻻﳌﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
Madrid. Now I work in Kuala Lumpur.
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ،
play in that playground
but now she works in news paper.
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬
:
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬
did not
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬
not
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
:
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻮﺿﻊ‬
Did
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‬
Madrid. Now I work in Kuala Lumpur.
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻃﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ،
playground.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
but now she works in news paper.
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
not
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻘﻞ‬
used
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻃﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
-
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
١
(
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
٢
(
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
-
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
١
(
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
٢
(
-
١
٢
-
١
٢

51. ‫ﻓﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬
‫ﻓﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬
He will can do that.
He will
‫ﻓﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬
He will can do that.
He will be able to do that.
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻓﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬
He will can do that.
able to do that.
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
(
able to do that.
١٥
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
:
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﲤﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
:
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﲤﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻌ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
:
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﲤﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻌ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬
)
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﲤﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻌ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺝ‬

52. ١٦
Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
1) When we ask a permission, we had better use:
A. might.
B. could.
C. may.
D. can.
E. None of all above.
2) must is used to express:
A. Possibility.
B. Obligation.
C. Ability.
D. Intention.
3) may is used to express:
A. Possibility.
B. Permission.
C. Ability.
D. Suggestion.
4) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Could I get that pen?
B. Can I get that pen?
C. May I get that pen?
D. Might I get that pen?
5) I may ......... able to come to your party if I have the time.
A. be
B. being
C. being to
D. can
6) I ......... speak French without a problem now because I have had many lessons.
A. may
B. can
C. have
D. could
7) be is:
A. Modal Auxiliary Verb
B. Primary Auxiliary Verb.
C. All above.
D. None of all above.

53. ١٧
8) We ......... leave to San Francisco tomorrow.
A. will
B. would
C. were
D. have
E. None of all above.
9) When we say an old saying, we had better use:
A. must.
B. could.
C. should.
D. used to.
10) When we say something we do not know if it is true but we have plenty of evidence, we had
better use:
A. must.
B. could.
C. should.
D. may.

54. ١

55. Subject
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
Progressive
.
Perfect Continuous Tense
.
Present
:
Subject +
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
s
.
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
:
٢
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
:
Progressive
Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Simple
Verb.1
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
:
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
،
I
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
:
Simple Tense
.
Perfect Tense
.
Progressive (Continuous
Perfect Continuous Tense
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Simple
+
Present Tense
:
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
It
،
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
،
They
،
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
Present Tense
.
Past Tense
.
Future Tense
.
‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
Simple Tense
Perfect Tense
Continuous)
Perfect Continuous Tense
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Object
Introduction
:
Present Tense
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
He
،
She
،
It
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
You
،
We
،
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
Simple Tense
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
Perfect Tense
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
Tense
)
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
Perfect Continuous Tense
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
:
Introduction
‫ا‬
Present Tense
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
He
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬
s
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
You
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬

‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
(
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Present Tense
(
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
Past Tense
(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Future Tense
‫ﻭﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
(
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Introduction
١
(
‫ا‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
٤
(
-
١
-
-

56. He
I
She plays
Water boils at
The earth moves
He plays
I live in New York
She plays
Water boils at
The earth moves
plays tennis.
in New York
She plays tennis.
Water boils at 100
The earth moves
Subject
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
tennis.
in New York City.
tennis.
100ْC.
The earth moves around the sun.
Present
:
Subject + +
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
.
C.
round the sun.
Present
+ +
am
is
are
٣
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
round the sun.
Progressive
+ + Verb
-ing
-ing
.
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
:
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
:
.
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Progressive
Verb-ing
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
:
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
+
ing
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
ing
It
،
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
،
They
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬
.
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
.
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
+ Object
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
He
،
She
،
It
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
is
.
You
،
We
،
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
are
.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
am
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‬
.
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
١٠٠
‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
:
Object
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
He
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
You
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
I
:
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
(
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
(
‫ﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
-
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
١
(
٢
(
-
-
-
-

57. (He
(They
(She is
(I am
I
(They are/
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
He is/He'
They are
She is/She's)
I am/I'm)
I cannot
(They are/
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
like ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
need
realize
forget
be ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
He's) playing
are/They'
She's) watching
/I'm) having
find a flat, so
be going to
.
(They are/They're)
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ , love
need ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ , think
realize ‫ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‬
forget ‫ﻳﻨﺴﻰ‬ , suppose
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ , appear
playing basketball.
They're) watching
watching
having lunch.
find a flat, so (I am
be going to
They're) traveling on Friday.
State (Stative) Verbs
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
, love ‫ﳛﺐ‬ , prefer
, think ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‬ , mean
, suppose ‫ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ‬
, appear ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ , sound
basketball.
watching the
watching the TV.
lunch.
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
I am/I'm)
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
will
‫ﺃﻭ‬
be going to
traveling on Friday.
(Stative) Verbs
, prefer ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ , imagine
, mean ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‬ , understand
‫ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ‬ , hope
, sound ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻮﺗ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪﺭ‬
٤
basketball.
the TV.
TV.
lunch.
‫ﺃﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
I'm) living with my brother.
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
traveling on Friday.
(Stative) Verbs
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ , hate
, imagine ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻴﻞ‬
, understand
, hope ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻮﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻮﺗ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪﺭ‬ , belong
TV.
‫ﺃﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
living with my brother.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
traveling on Friday. ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
:
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
(Stative) Verbs
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
, hate ‫ﻳﻜﺮﻩ‬ , want
‫ﻳﺘﺨﻴﻞ‬ , believe
, understand ‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬
, see ‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬
, belong
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﺷﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
living with my brother.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﳝ‬
‫ﻜﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
, want ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬
, believe ‫ﻳﺼﺪﻕ‬ , know
, remember
‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬ , own ‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
, belong ‫ﻳﻼﺀﻡ‬ , contain
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻔ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺯ‬
.
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺎﺯ‬
.
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﺷﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
living with my brother.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ , wish
, know ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬
, remember ‫ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬ , seem
, contain ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪﻭﻥ‬
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﺷﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
-
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
, wish ‫ﻳﺘﻤﲎ‬ ,
‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬ ,
‫ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬ ,
, seem ‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬ ,
‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬ , …
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
-

58. ٥
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
:
1) She works here until Monday. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
2) She is working here until Monday. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
(
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
،
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
.
2) He is seeming very tired. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
3) He seems very tired. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
seem
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
State Verbs
،
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
:
-
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
He is wanting to buy a new computer. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
He wants to buy a new computer. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
want
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
State Verbs
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.
-
‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
State Verb
‫ﻭ‬
Action Verb
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
think
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻜ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬
Action Verb
‫ﻳـﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
I am thinking. ‫ﺃﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
taste
:
This ice cream tastes disgusting. ‫ﻟﻼﴰﺌﺰﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﲑﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺬﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
He is tasting the soup to see if it needs more salt.

59. 3) Where is
4)
4) Vegetarians
(I
(He
) Where is
) Where is
) Vegetarians
Vegetarians
I have/I'
(He has/He'
) Where is John
Where is John
) Vegetarians are
Vegetarians do not eat
Subject +
I've) read
He's) watch
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
John? He cleans
John? He is cleaning
are not eat
do not eat
Subject +
read the book.
watched the
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
cleans the car.
is cleaning
‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻂ‬
.
not eating meat.
do not eat meat.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
.
Present
:
Subject +
the book.
the TV for two hours
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
read
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
has
have
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
:
٦
the car.
is cleaning the car.
‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
meat.
meat.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
Present Perfect
+ Verb
for two hours
Irregular Verbs
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
read - read -
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
:
،
I
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ،
the car.
the car.
‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Perfect
Verb.3 +
for two hours.
Irregular Verbs
- read
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
It
،
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
،
They
،
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫؟‬
(
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
+ Object
. ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Irregular Verbs
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
He
،
She
،
It
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
has
.
You
،
We
،
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
have
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
،
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
:
Object
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
.
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
He
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
You
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬
،
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
‫ﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
read
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
-
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
-
-

60. ٧
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
،
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
.
١
(
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﰿ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬
(He has/He's) broken her leg.
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬
:
‫ﺣﺼﻠ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
(I have/I've) bought a new car.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
(She has/She's) gone at home.
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
.
‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
:
since ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ , for ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺩﺭﺳ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬
.
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻟ‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
(I have/I've) studied English since I started in a secondary school.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻧﻎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻧﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣﺎﺯﻟ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻧﻎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻧﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
(I have/I've) lived in Hong Kong for twenty years.
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
(He has/He's) worked for Microsoft for two years.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
:
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

61. (He
(I have/I've) just had a delicious meal.
‫ﺄﰐ‬
(I have
(I have
People have traveled to the moon.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
(He has/He
(I have/I've) just had a delicious meal.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻬﻤ‬
(
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻳـ‬
‫ﺄﰐ‬
before
I have/I've) seen that movie
I have/I've)
People have traveled to the moon.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
I know a lot about China
years.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
have +
.
He's) won.
(I have/I've) just had a delicious meal.
‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻬﻤ‬
before ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
several times
I've) seen that movie
I've) met him once before
People have traveled to the moon.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
I know a lot about China
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
+ just +
) won.
(I have/I've) just had a delicious meal.
‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ , already
several times ‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬
I've) seen that movie
met him once before
People have traveled to the moon.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
I know a lot about China
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
.
+ Verb.3
) won.
(I have/I've) just had a delicious meal.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
)
‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬
, already ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ , never
‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬
I've) seen that movie twenty
met him once before
People have traveled to the moon.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
I know a lot about China, because I have lived in China for
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
٨
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
3
) won.
(I have/I've) just had a delicious meal.
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
, never ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬ , many times
twenty times
met him once before.
People have traveled to the moon.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
because I have lived in China for
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
) won.
(I have/I've) just had a delicious meal.
‫ﳛﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ , ever ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬
, many times ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬
times. .
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
because I have lived in China for
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬
.
‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‬
) won.
(I have/I've) just had a delicious meal. ‫ﻟﺬﻳﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ , once
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
because I have lived in China for
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬
) won.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻳﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
, once ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ , yet
, - times
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺤ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﱂ‬

‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
:
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
because I have lived in China for
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
)
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
(
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
) won. ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺯ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬
yet ‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑﻌ‬
times
‫ﻟ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺭﺃﻳ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
because I have lived in China for 3
‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
٣
(
٤
(
-

62. (I have/I've) been to France.
(I have/I've) walked on the moon.
(James has
The rain has
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﻝ‬
I live in New York City.
‫ﻟﻘـﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City.
(I have/I've) lived in New York City for four years.
(I have/I've) been to France.
(I have/I've) walked on the moon.
James has
The rain has
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﻝ‬
I live in New York City.
‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻘـﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City.
(I have/I've) lived in New York City for four years.
(I have/I've) been
(I have/I've) been
(I have/I've) been to France.
(I have/I've) walked on the moon.
James has/James's) not finished his homework yet
The rain has not stopped.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﻝ‬
I live in New York City.
‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City.
(I have/I've) lived in New York City for four years.
(I have/I've) been
(I have/I've) been
(I have/I've) been to France.
(I have/I've) walked on the moon.
/James's) not finished his homework yet
t stopped.
‫ﺎﻫﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﻝ‬
I live in New York City.
‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City.
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺶ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City for four years.
(I have/I've) been to France.
(I have/I've) been in France for six months.
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
.
‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
.
(I have/I've) been to France.
(I have/I've) walked on the moon.
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
/James's) not finished his homework yet
t stopped.
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺎﻫﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
I live in New York City.
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City.
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺶ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City for four years.
France.
France for six months.
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
٩
(I have/I've) been to France.
(I have/I've) walked on the moon.
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
/James's) not finished his homework yet
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City.
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺎﺯﻟ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺶ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City for four years.
France for six months.
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
(I have/I've) been to France.
(I have/I've) walked on the moon.
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
/James's) not finished his homework yet
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
.
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City for four years.
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
:
France for six months.
to France
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
(I have/I've) been to France.
‫ﲡﺮﺑﺔ‬
(I have/I've) walked on the moon. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﺇﳒﺎﺯ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
.
/James's) not finished his homework yet.
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
.
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺖ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
(I have/I've) lived in New York City for four years.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
:
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
to France
in France
‫ﻭﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬
.
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺖ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
in France
(
‫ﻭﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
(
‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺖ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
٥
(
٦
(
-
-

63. I work
(I have
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
(I
(He
‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
I work for
I have/I've)
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
Subject + + been
since , for
I have/I'
(He has/He'
‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
for that company
I've) worked
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
(
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
Present
:
Subject + + been
since , for
I've) been
/He's) been
‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
company
worked for that
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
)
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
.
Present Perfect
Subject + + been
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬
since , for
been living
been watching
‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
has
have
company.
for that company
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
،
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
Perfect Progressive
Subject + + been
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
living in Moscow
watching the
‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.
‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
since
١٠
.
company
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
(
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
Progressive
Subject + + been + Verb
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
in Moscow since
the TV for
‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
since ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ , for
.
.
company since October.
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
Progressive
+ Verb-
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
since I graduated
for an hour
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
, for ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
+
-ing
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
-ing
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
:
.
since October.
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
(
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
)
‫ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬
/
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
-ing + Object
‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﲣﺮﺟﺖ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
.
graduated.
an hour .‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
+
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
.
since October.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
)
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
/
:
+ Object
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﲣﺮﺟﺖ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
.
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
:
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
+ Object
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
(
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
:
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
-
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
-
-
-
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
١
(
-

64. (I have
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
(James has
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺳﻬﺎ‬
(I have
lately
.
(She has/She's) been watching too much television
Recently
Mary has been feeling depressed
‫ﻓﻬـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
I have/I've) been writing a letter
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
James has

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺳﻬﺎ‬
I have/I've)
recently
‫ﻭ‬
lately
(She has/She's) been watching too much television
Recently
Mary has been feeling depressed
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻬـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬
I've) been writing a letter
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
James has/James's)
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬

‫ﺖ‬
/I've) been studying Italian
recently
(She has/She's) been watching too much television
Recently, (I have/I've) been feeling tired.
Mary has been feeling depressed
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻟ‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
I've) been writing a letter
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
/James's) been teaching
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
been studying Italian
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
recently
(She has/She's) been watching too much television
, (I have/I've) been feeling tired.
Mary has been feeling depressed
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻟ‬
I've) been writing a letter
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
been teaching
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
been studying Italian
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
(She has/She's) been watching too much television
, (I have/I've) been feeling tired.
Mary has been feeling depressed
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﺍ‬
State Verbs
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
١١
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‬
I've) been writing a letter for two days
‫ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
.(
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
been teaching at the u
‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
been studying Italian since
‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬
(She has/She's) been watching too much television
, (I have/I've) been feeling tired.
Mary has been feeling depressed.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
:
State Verbs
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻣﻀﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‬
two days
‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬
)
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬
/
‫ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
at the university
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
.
‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
since I was ten years old.
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺄﰐ‬
(She has/She's) been watching too much television
, (I have/I've) been feeling tired.
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
State Verbs
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‬
.
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻣﻀﻴ‬
two days.
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬
niversity since
‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻦ‬
I was ten years old.
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬
.
(She has/She's) been watching too much television lately
.‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ‬
.
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬
since June.
‫ﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
I was ten years old.
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
lately.
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬
June.
‫ﺍﻻﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
-
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
-
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
٢
(
-
-
-

65. ١٢
-
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺨﺪﻡ‬
،‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
،
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
:

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬
(I have/I've) written the story of my life.
‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
(I have/I've) been writing the story of my life.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
(I have/I've) been reading the book.

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
(I have/I've) read the book.
-
‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺛﺮ‬
،‫ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﲑﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
.
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
:
‫ﺷﻄﲑﺗﻚ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻛﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
.
‫ﺃﻛﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
(I have/I've) eaten your sandwich.
‫ﺷﻄﲑﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﺁﻛﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
.
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻲ‬
(I have/I've) been eating your sandwich.
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻭﻣﺎﺯﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺎﻷﺳـﺒﻮﻉ‬
‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
(I have/I've) been playing a lot of football this week.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
(I have/I've) played a lot of football this week.

66. ١٣
-
‫ﺃﺣ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻـﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬
.
‫ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
.
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬
،

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣﺎﺯﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
(I have/I've) lived in Cairo for ten years.
‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
.
‫ﺳﺄﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﻟﺖ‬ ،‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬
(I have/I've) been living in Cairo for two days.
-
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
since , for
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﶈﺎﺩﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
Conversation
:
A. What are doing now?
B. I am teaching.
A. When have you been teaching since?
B. I have been teaching since three hours.
‫ﺃ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺏ‬
.
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺩ‬

‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺱ‬
.
‫ﺃ‬
.
‫ﻣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺖ‬

‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺪ‬

‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺏ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬
.
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﺩﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ‬
-
‫ﻓﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬
since , for
.
I am playing football for an hour. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
I have been playing football for an hour. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
:

67. ١٤
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
Past Simple
:
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Subject + Verb.2 + Object
I worked in Germany. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬
‫ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
We went to the cinema yesterday. ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺒﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
went
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
go
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
go
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Irregular Verbs
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
go - went - gone
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
١
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬
.
I saw a movie yesterday. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺭﺃﻳ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻴﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻲ‬
٢
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
:
yesterday ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ , from - to , for - , all day ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ , all year ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ,
last week ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ , last - , one year ago ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺖ‬ ,
that day ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ , at that moment ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ , …

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
١٩٩٠
‫ﺇﱃ‬
١٩٩٥
.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
I worked in Canada from 1990 to 1995.
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺎﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺯﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬
.
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺯﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
He lived in Brazil for two years.
٢
(
‫ا‬
Past Tense
:
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬

68. ١٥
They sat at the beach all day. .‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
٣
(
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺃ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻭﲤﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺋﻌ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧ‬
.
I finished my work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to
swim.
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
Conditional Clauses
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
.
‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬
:
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺴ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
.
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬
(He has/He's) broken her leg.
‫ﺴ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬
He broke her leg at four o'clock.
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
:
yesterday ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ , from - to , for - , all day ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ , all year ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ,
last week ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ , last - , one year ago ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺖ‬ ,
that day ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ , at that moment ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ , …
(He has/He's) left last year. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
He left last year. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
(
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
:
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

69. ١٦
(He has/He's) come back yesterday. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
He came back yesterday. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
(
-
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
:
Have you just had breakfast? ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻙ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬
Did you have breakfast this morning? ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ؟‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
Past Progressive
:
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Subject + + Verb-ing + Object
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
when , while
،
‫ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
I was watching the TV when she cried. .‫ﺖ‬‫ﺻﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬
.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
I was living in Argentina last year. 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻨﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
.
١
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳚﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
،
‫ﻭﳚـﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
when , while
.
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
+
-ing
was
were
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬

70. ١٧
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ،
‫ﲤﻄﺮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻄـﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻫـﻮ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳚﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬
While I was waiting for the bus, it started raining.
‫ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺘﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﲤﻄﺮ‬
.
I was waiting for the bus while it started raining.
٢
(
‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
I was playing basketball last hour. 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻌﺐ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺛﺎﻥ‬
،
‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬

‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺘﻜ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﲨﻠـﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
while
،
‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‬ 
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳﻌ‬
.
I was studying while Carlos was making dinner.
‫ﺃﻭ‬
While I was studying, Carlos was making dinner.
٤
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻣ‬
،‫ﺩﺍﺋـﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻳـﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒـ‬
‫ﻣـﻊ‬
:
always , constantly
.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
I was waiting for the
bus.
It started raining.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Carlos was making dinner.
I was studying.

71. She was
I did
(I have
I was thinking.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
after , before , when
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
She was
I did not like them because they were
I have/I've)
I was thinking.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
after , before , when
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
He wanted a car.
She was always
t like them because they were
/I've) been thinking
I was thinking.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
Subject + had +
after , before , when
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
He wanted a car.
coming to class late.
t like them because they were
been thinking
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
Subject + had +
:
after , before , when
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
He wanted a car.
coming to class late.
t like them because they were
been thinking.
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
Subject + had +
‫ﺭﺍﺑـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
State Verbs
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
He wanted a car.
١٨
coming to class late.
t like them because they were constantly
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺪ‬
.
Past Perfect
:
Subject + had + Verb
‫ﺭﺍﺑـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
State Verbs
He wanted a car.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
:
.‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬
.
constantly
‫ﺃﻓﻜﺮ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
Past Perfect
Verb.3 +
‫ﺭﺍﺑـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
State Verbs
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
He wanted a car. .‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺬﻣﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬
constantly complaining.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
:
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻜﺮ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
(
‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
+ Object
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑـﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
.
:
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺬﻣﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
complaining.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
)
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
(
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬
/
:
Object
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
until
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‬
:
.‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺬﻣﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
complaining.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
)
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
until
-
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
-
-
-
-
-

72. ١٩
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﲡﻴﺒﻪ‬
.
(He had/He'd) written five letters before she answered him.
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺒﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺰﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
We went on a walk after (we had/we'd) finished dinner.
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬
.
When the play had finished, the audience left.
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
B
.
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
B
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
Completed Action Before Something in Past
.
‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
.
The audience left when the play had finished.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
B
‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
The play
finished.
The
audience
left.

73. ٢٠
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
:
after , before , when , as soon as
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺯﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬
١٩٨٨
.
(I had/I'd) visited the U.S. once before in 1988.
‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
١٤
)
‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﻓﻴﻐﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻻﺱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺯﻳﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺯﻳﻒ‬
.
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺯﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺒﻠﻐ‬
.
‫ﻳﻨﻔـﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
،
‫ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺧﲑ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻪ‬
١٤٥.٠٠٠
‫ﺟﻴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬
...
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‬
.
It was afternoon on 14 January in Las Vegas casino. At one of the
tables was Joseph. For three years Joseph had saved every penny. He
had rarely gone out and he hadn't spent anything on his house.
Finally, he had sold the house and with 145,000 in his pocket…
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺛﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬
١٤
‫ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬
(
.
٣
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
Conditional Clauses
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
Past Perfect Progressive
:
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Object
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬
.
-
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬
:
after , before , when
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
until
،
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
.
-
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﳘﺎ‬
:
since , for
.
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
+
-ing

74. ٢١
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻔ‬
‫ﺖ‬
.
(She had/She'd) been talking for half an hour before she stopped.
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
He left to China after (he had/he'd) been teaching at the university for
more than a year.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
B
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
B
.
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
B
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
A
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
B
.
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻠ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
(She had/She'd) been studying English for two years before she got
the job.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
B
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺣﺼـﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
.
John was tired because (he had/he'd) been working.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
She got the
job.
two years
She studies
English

75. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
for three years
(They had
(They had
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒـﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬
I
I
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻓﻴﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
for three years
They had
They had
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒـﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬
.
I will see a movie
I will see a movie
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
for three years
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
:
They had/They'd)
They had/They'd)
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒـﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
(
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
when , while , before , after
see a movie
see a movie
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
for five days
‫ﺃﻭ‬
for three years
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
/They'd) not met an American
/They'd) been talking for an hour
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒـﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
)
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
when , while , before , after
see a movie when
see a movie when
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
for five days
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
not met an American
been talking for an hour
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
)
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬
when , while , before , after
I will finish
I finish
State Verbs
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
٢٢
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
for five days
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
not met an American
‫ﻮﱐ‬
.
been talking for an hour
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
،‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬
when , while , before , after
finish my homework.
my homework.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
:
State Verbs
‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬
.
not met an American until
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻃ‬
‫ﻮﱐ‬
been talking for an hour before
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
،‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
my homework.
my homework.
Future Tense
:
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
State Verbs
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬
for two hours
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬
until they met John.
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
before Tony arrived.
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
(
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
،‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬
my homework.
my homework.
Future Tense
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
for two hours
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
they met John.
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
Tony arrived.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
)
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
،‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ا‬
Future Tense
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
for two hours
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
they met John.
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
Tony arrived.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
٣
(
‫ا‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
-
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
-
-
-
٣
-
-

76. United State
(I
(I
It is
Ah, that
United State
I will/I'll
(I will/I'll
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
It is eleven
Ah, that
You will
United States team
ll) leave tomorrow
ll) phone you tomorrow.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
eleven o'clock. Norma
Ah, that will be my husband. He said he would phone at this time.
He will
You will
That will
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
:
team will
leave tomorrow
phone you tomorrow.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
.
‫ﻧﻮﺭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
o'clock. Norma
be my husband. He said he would phone at this time.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
He will
He'll , She will
You'll , They will
That will
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
win.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
leave tomorrow.
phone you tomorrow.
‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻚ‬
o'clock. Norma will
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
be my husband. He said he would phone at this time.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
He'll , She will
You'll , They will
I will
That will
That'll , This will
٢٣
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
prediciton
.
.
intention
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
phone you tomorrow.
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
.
‫ﻧﻮﺭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻚ‬
be in bed by now.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
be my husband. He said he would phone at this time.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
He'll , She will
You'll , They will
I will
I'll
That'll , This will
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
rediciton
‫ﻳﻔﻮﺯ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻴﻔﻮﺯ‬
(
.
‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
intention
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻚ‬
.
‫ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
in bed by now.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
be my husband. He said he would phone at this time.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'll , It will
They'll , We will
I'll
That'll , This will
will
:
will
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻮﺯ‬
decision
‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﺄﺗﺼﻞ‬
(
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻚ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
in bed by now.
‫ﺯﻭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
be my husband. He said he would phone at this time.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'll , It will
They'll , We will
This'll
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
will
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
decision
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺄ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺗﺼﻞ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺄﺗﺼﻞ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺓ‬
.
‫ﻧﻮﺭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
be my husband. He said he would phone at this time.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'll , It will
It'll
They'll , We will
We'll
This'll
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
(
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬
(
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
(
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
،‫ﺁﻩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
be my husband. He said he would phone at this time.
-
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
We'll
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
-

77. ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
She is a good girl. She
(I
I will study w
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
She is a good girl. She
.
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
I would/I'
I will study w
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻳ‬
it
(
He would
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
She is a good girl. She
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
/I'd) study well.
I will study well.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻳ‬
He would
You would
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬
‫ﰲ‬
She is a good girl. She will
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
:
udy well.
ell.
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
) :
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻳ‬
He'd , She would
You would
We would
present habit
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
،
will play quietly for hours.
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﻯ‬
will
udy well.
ell.
‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
He'd , She would
You'd , They would
We would
٢٤
resent habit
.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
play quietly for hours.
Conditional Clauses
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
‫ﻡ‬‫ﻋﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
would
‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
He'd , She would
She'd , It would
You'd , They would
We'd , I would
‫ﻃﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺪﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
.
play quietly for hours.
Conditional Clauses
:
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
intention
.
.
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
‫ﻡ‬‫ﻋﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺰﻣ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
would + have
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'd , It would
You'd , They would
We'd , I would
‫ﻃﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺪﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
play quietly for hours.
Conditional Clauses
/
would
:
would
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
would
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬
ntention
‫ﺄﺩﺭﺱ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
‫ﺄﺩﺭﺱ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
have + V
unreal past
.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'd , It would
You'd , They would
They'd ,
We'd , I would
I'd
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
.
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺪﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
Conditional Clauses
ً‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
would
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
would
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺭﺱ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺄﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺭﺱ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺄﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
V.3
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
unreal past
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'd , It would
It'd
They'd ,
(
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
(
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
(
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
-
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
It'd )
‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬
(
٤
(
٥
(
-
-
١
(
٢
(
-

78. ٢٥
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺸ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﺘ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
.
If you had lived in the 19th
century, (you would/you'd) not have
driven a car.
٣
(
‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
willingness
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
What would you drink? ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﺏ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
What will you drink? ‫ﺗﺸﺮﺏ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺬﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
refusal
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬
.
‫ﺟﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻟﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ‬
.
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺾ‬
Jack would not help you, even if you begged him.
٥
(
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
past habit
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺑـﲔ‬
used to
‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬
would
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
would
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺼﺺ‬
.
‫ﻳﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﻮﻥ‬ ،‫ﺟﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
.
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘـﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮﻥ‬
،
‫ﻭﺳـﻮﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
Before they get married, Simon would wait Susan every evening
after work. Then they would go to the park, and Susan would feed
the ducks on the lake.
٦
(
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
Future in the Past
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
٧
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
Conditional Clauses
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.

79. The bell is ringing.
Subject +
The bell is ringing.
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
I am going to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
I am going to go to shop.
I am going to go shopping.
I am going to go to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
I am gonna go to cinema.
Subject +
The bell is ringing.
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
I am going to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
I am going to go to shop.
I am going to go shopping.
I am going to go to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
I am gonna go to cinema.
Subject + +
near future
.
The bell is ringing. I am going to
am
is
are
I am going to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
I am going to go to shop.
I am going to go shopping.
I am going to go to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
I am gonna go to cinema.
+ going to
near future
am going to
I am going to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
I am going to go to shop.
I am going to go shopping.
I am going to go to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
will
.
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
:
I am gonna go to cinema.
٢٦
going to +
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
near future
am going to open the door.
I am going to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
I am going to go to shop.
I am going to go shopping.
I am going to go to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
will
gonna
.
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
I am gonna go to cinema.
be going to
:
+ Verb
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﺄﻓﺘﺢ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
.
open the door.
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
I am going to the cinema.
I am going to go the cinema. ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
I am going to go to shop.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
I am going to go to the cinema.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
going to
‫ﺇﱃ‬
gonna
be going to
Verb.1 + Object
be going to
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻓﺘﺢ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺄﻓﺘﺢ‬
open the door.
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬
:
I am going to the cinema. ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺳﺄﺫﻫﺐ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
:
I am going to go to shop.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I am going to go to the cinema.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
be going to
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﳜﺘﺼﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
going to
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
be going to
:
+ Object
be going to
‫ﻳﺪﻕ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﺄﺫﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
:
I am going to go to shop.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I am going to go to the cinema.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
be going to
‫ﳜﺘﺼﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
+ Object
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
be going to
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻕ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
-
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
I am going to go to shop. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I am going to go to the cinema. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬
-
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
-
‫ﳜﺘﺼﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
-
-
-
-
-

80. ٢٧
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Future Simple
:
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Subject + will + Verb.1 + Object
(I will/I'll) go to the school tomorrow. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
)
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺄﺫﻫﺐ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
John will be here. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
/
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﳔﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
John will
‫ﺇﱃ‬
John 'll
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
John
‫ﺿـﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻟـﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
.
١
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻢ‬
.
(He will/He'll) talk to you. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻚ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﻜ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻚ‬
.(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Future Progressive
:
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Subject + will be + Verb-ing + Object
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
when , while
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
+
-ing

81. (They
(He
‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
(I will
(I
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
They will
He will/He'
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
،
‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
I will/I'll)
(I will/I'll) be
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
will/They'
He'll) be
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
I'll) be waiting for you
I'll) be waiting for you at
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
They'll) be waiting.
be sleeping.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
be waiting for you
waiting for you at
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
waiting.
sleeping.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬
.
be waiting for you when
waiting for you at
State Verbs
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
٢٨
waiting.
sleeping.
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
when , while
.
‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬
when the
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
.
waiting for you at 9 o'clock
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
State Verbs
waiting. ‫ﻈﺮﻳﻦ‬
.
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
when , while
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
the bus arrives
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
.
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
clock.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
I will be
The bus arrives
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
State Verbs
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﻣﻨ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻈﺮﻳﻦ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‬
.
‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
when , while
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻙ‬
bus arrives.
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
be waiting for you.
The bus arrives
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
.
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
when , while
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
for you.
The bus arrives.
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
)
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
(
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
-
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
-
‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
١
(
٢
(
-
-

82. ٢٩
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Future Perfect
:
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Subject + will have + Verb.3 + Object
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬
after , before , when
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
by -
،
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺧﺬﻩ‬
.
The Post Office will have returned the package before I can take.
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S.
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
B
.
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ‬
B
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ،
‫ﺳـﻴ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻬ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺒـﻞ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Completed Action Before Something in Future
.
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻧﻈﻔ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳛﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
.
(She will/She'll) have cleaned the house after he gets it.
‫ﺃﻭ‬
After he gets house, (she will/she'll) have cleaned it.
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

83. (I will
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
I will/I'll)
Subject + will been have
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
By this time tomorrow
/I'll) have
Future Perfect
:
Subject + will been have
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
By this time tomorrow
have slept at
Future Perfect
Subject + will been have
‫م‬# ‫ا‬ $%‫و‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
By this time tomorrow
t 8 o'clock
Future Perfect Progressive
Subject + will been have
‫م‬# ‫ا‬ $%‫و‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
By this time tomorrow, (we will/we'll) have had the meeting.
٣٠
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
.
o'clock.
Progressive
Subject + will been have + Verb
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
(we will/we'll) have had the meeting.
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
Progressive
+ Verb
+
-ing
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
He will
the house.
I will be
sleeping.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻜﻮﻥ‬
(we will/we'll) have had the meeting.
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
+ Verb-ing + Object
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
+
will get
the house.
She will
have
cleaned
the house
8 o'clock.
I will be
sleeping.
by-
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
،
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻜﻮﻥ‬
(we will/we'll) have had the meeting.
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﳕ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:
+ Object
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
She will
have
cleaned
the house
o'clock.
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
(we will/we'll) have had the meeting.
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﳕ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
+ Object
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
-
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
(we will/we'll) have had the meeting.
٢
(
-
-

84. ٣١
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬
.
-
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
after , before , when
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
by -
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
.
-
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﳘـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
since , for
.
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬
.
I will have been working for two hours when her plane arrives.
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮﺽ‬
A
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
B
.
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
B
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،
‫ﺳـﻴ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
B
.
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻏﻠﻘ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺋﻴ‬
She is going to have been working at that company for three years
when it finally closes.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
A
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬
B
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺘ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻬ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻠﻖ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
.
They will have been talking for an hour by the time Tony arrives.
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﱐ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﺙ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
.
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
.
George's English will be perfect when he leaves because he will have
been studying English in the United States for two years.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

85. ‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
for
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
I will have
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺻـﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬـﺲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
I
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
for five days
‫ﺃﻭ‬
for
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
I will have
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺻـﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬـﺲ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
،
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
I will be reading when my roommate returns.
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
for five days
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
I will have read
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺻـﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬـﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
will be reading when my roommate returns.
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
for five days
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
five pages
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
will be reading when my roommate returns.
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺄﺗﻰ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
.
five pages when my roommate returns
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺪﺃ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
will be reading when my roommate returns.
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺄﺗﻰ‬
State Verbs
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
٣٢
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
for two hours
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
when my roommate returns
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
.
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺪﺃ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
will be reading when my roommate returns.
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
.
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬
State Verbs
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
:
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
for two hours
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
when my roommate returns
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
(
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
.
will be reading when my roommate returns.
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
State Verbs
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
for two hours
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ‬
when my roommate returns
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
(
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺘﻬ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
:
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻌ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺳﻴ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
three years
‫ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ‬
when my roommate returns.

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
)
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
)
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﱵ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻌ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺪﻝ‬
three years
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
:
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns.
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻌ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬
I will have been reading for an hour when my roommate returns.
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
-
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
-
-
-
-

86. ٣٣
-
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺷﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
،
‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺄﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬
،
...
‫ﺇﱁ‬
.
-
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
:
Subject + would + Verb.1 + Object
Subject + + going to + Verb.1 + Object
Subject + + to + Verb.1 + Object
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣ‬ ‫ﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
I was going to buy a car. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺄﺷﺘﺮﻱ‬
.
They would go to the cinema. ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻴﺬﻫﺒﻮﻥ‬
.
He was to become a president. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬
.
١
(
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺙ‬
‫ﳛ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺪﺙ‬
.
I would buy a car. 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺷﺘﺮﻱ‬
.
‫ﺃﺷﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﲏ‬
I was going to buy a car.
I was to buy a car
‫ا‬ ' ‫ا‬
Future in the Past
:
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
They will go to the cinema ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬
was
were
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬
was
were

87. ٣٤
Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
1) George hurt his head while he ……
A. ice skates.
B. ice skated.
C. was ice skating.
D. had ice skated.
2) Max …… for the CIA since 1992.
A. will work
B. is working
C. works
D. has been working
3) The last time I …… to Korea, I spent three weeks on Cheju Island.
A. went
B. was going
C. have gone
D. will go
4) Bob …… to Australia thirteen times.
A. goes
B. went
C. has been
D. had gone
5) Before Jack arrived, Jill …… up the hill.
A. is already going
B. has already gone
C. had already gone
D. None of all above.
6) It …… every day since I arrived here.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. has rained
7) The fans …… when the game finally started.
A. will cheer
B. cheer
C. cheered
D. have cheered

88. ٣٥
8) By the time Sam pays off his student loan, he …… eighty years old.
A. will be
B. is
C. was
D. has been
E. had been
9) By the time Bob gets back from the war, his daughter …… from school.
A. will graduate
B. graduates
C. will have graduated
D. graduated
E. has already graduated
10) Every time we …… to that restaurant, my stomach gets upset.
A. will go
B. go
C. went
D. have gone
11) The weatherman says ……
A. it would rain.
B. it will rain.
C. it will have rained.
D. it have rained.
12) Andrew …… the course on JavaScript programming.
A. had already taken
B. has already taken
C. took already
D. would have already taken
E. has been taking
13) Bill was just going to bed when his wife …… from work.
A. is going
B. is coming home
C. had come home
D. has been coming home
E. came home
14) I should …… my books to school yesterday.
A. brought
B. had brought
C. to bring
D. have brought
E. None of all above.
15) Harrison Ford is a famous actor. He …… in many popular movies.
A. has been appearing
B. has appeared
C. had appeared
D. appeared

89. ٣٦
16) I …… about you when I received your email.
A. was just thinking
B. just thought
C. have just been thinking
D. was just thought
17) I …… better start saving some money each month for my retirement.
A. have
B. would
C. had
D. will
18) My mother …… school for thirty years.
A. has taught
B. taught
C. had taught
D. was teaching
19) I …… that Jack is very fluent in Spanish.
A. will have heard
B. was hearing
C. have heard
D. am hearing
20) The bus was late. The passengers were angry because they …… for half an hour.
A. are waiting
B. were waiting
C. have been waiting
D. had been waiting
E. have waited
21) The soccer team …… a championship until last year, when they won first place.
A. has never won
B. is never wining
C. had been never wining
D. had never won
22) We have a cottage at Sylvan Lake. It …… in the family for thirty years.
A. was
B. has been
C. is
D. will be
23) The vegetables should be ready, they …… for at least twenty minutes.
A. are boiling
B. boiling
C. have been boiling
D. were boiling

90. ٣٧
24) You look tired. You …… too hard lately.
A. worked
B. work
C. were working
D. have been working
25) I underestimated how much time it …… to prepare for the TOEFL Exam.
A. would take
B. will take
C. took
D. will have taken
26) I …… at the new cafeteria and it was excellent.
A. have eaten
B. was eating
C. had eaten
D. did eat
27) I …… a cold since last Thursday.
A. have
B. had
C. have been having
D. have had
28) The homeless shelter …… a difference to people living on the street.
A. is making
B. has made
C. made
D. makes
29) Steven was upset. He …… his wallet, and could not find it.
A. has lost
B. had lost
C. was losing
D. was lost
30) Look at all this water, it …… very hard.
A. has rained
B. have been raining
C. rained
D. will rain
31) We …… the game at home.
A. will be watching
B. will watch
C. All above.
D. None of all above.

91. ٣٨
32) I …… to phone you all morning.
A. I have been trying
B. I have tried
C. All above.
D. None of all above.
33) The Australian swimmer …… the gold medal twice before.
A. has been wining
B. has won
C. All above.
D. None of all above.
34) I …… this new scooter. Do you like it?
A. have been bought
B. have been buying
C. All above.
D. None of all above.
35) I …… to this beach for years.
A. have come
B. have been coming
C. All above.
D. None of all above.

92. ١

93. ٢
-
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
-
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﳍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻝ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
Noun
.
-
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
١
(
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
play ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
drive ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬
٢
(
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻍ‬
-ing
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
eat ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬
eating ‫ﺃﻛﻞ‬
teach 
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺱ‬
teaching ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬
٣
(
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻍ‬
-tion
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧﺮ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
educate ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻳﻌ‬
‫ﻢ‬
education ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
choose ‫ﳜﺘﺎﺭ‬
choice ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
ask ‫ﻳﺴﺄﻝ‬
question ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
develop ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬
development ‫ﺗﻄﻮ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬
perform ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬
performance ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
a , an
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
Indefinite Articles
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
a
‫ﻭ‬
an
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
a
‫ﺍﻻﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
an
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺻـﻮﰐ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷـﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳـﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
an hour ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ , a university ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ , an honest ‫ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‬
Introduction
:
‫ا‬ ‫أدا‬
a , an
:

94. ٣
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
hour
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬
h
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻠﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬
o
‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬
h
‫ﻻﻳﻠﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
hour
‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
our
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬
o
‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
،
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
an
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
honest
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
university
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬
u
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻳﻮ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺾ‬
an umbrella
‫ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬
u
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻔﻆ‬
a
.
-
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
.
We have a cat and a dog. ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
.
-
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
.
(I am/I'm) a teacher. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
(She is/She's) an actress. ‫ﳑﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
a few ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ , a little ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ , a lot ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ , a pair of ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺝ‬ ,
a numbers of ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ , a hundreds of ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺌﺎﺕ‬ , a quarter ‫ﺭﺑﻊ‬ ,
a half of ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ , a bit ‫ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬ , a couple of ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺝ‬ , …
We invited a lot of guests to the party ‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
.
There is only a little milk left. ‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
.
-
‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬،
per
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
once a day. OR once per day. ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬
.
twice a week. OR twice per week. ‫ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
.
two hundred a month. OR two hundred per month. ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺌﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‬
.
-
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
What
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
.
What a hole! !‫ﺣﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ !‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬
-
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
Abstract Nouns
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
-
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬
by
.
I went by a car. 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
.
-
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
no
.
I have no a pen. ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
.
I have no an idea. ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺩﱏ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬
.

95. ٤
-
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
.
This is my a pen. ‫ﻗﻠ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.
-
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
.
I had a lunch with John. 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬
.
‫ﻭﺟﺒﺔ‬
I bought a Cosmopolitan at a Paddington Station.
‫ﳎﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﳏﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
-
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
.
Water contains an oxygen. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺠﲔ‬
.
−
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺒـﻞ‬
any- , some- , someone , anybody , …
‫ـ‬‫ﻷ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬
.
A Someone told me (that) you left. ‫ﺭﺣﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
.
-
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
the
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
Definite Article
.
-
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﳌ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻛ‬ ‫ﺴﻮﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺖ‬
(I am/I'm) going to the supermarket.
‫ﻭﻛﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﺐ‬
.
We have a cat and a dog. The cat is old, but the dog is puppy.
-
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬
:
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻠـﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸـﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
...
‫ﺇﱁ‬
.
The earth moves around the sun. ‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺸﻤﺲ‬
.
The President. ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬
.
The Eiffel Tower. ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺇﻳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﱪﺝ‬
.
The North Pole. ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻘﻄﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺸﻤﺎﱄ‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫أداة‬
the
:

96. The
The
(The
(The
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸـﺮﻁ‬
The
The
The
The
The
The
(I am/
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
I had
I bought
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﲏ‬
The British Museum.
The Atlantic.
The) Brazili
The) elephant
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸـﺮﻁ‬
The Rockies.
The West Indies.
The Red Sea.
The Amazon.
The Amazon River.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
The First Winner.
(I am/I'm) reading
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
I had the
I bought
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﲏ‬
British Museum.
Atlantic.
) Brazilians are very good
) elephant is the largest animal on land.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬
Rockies.
West Indies.
Red Sea.
Amazon.
Amazon River.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
.
First Winner.
I'm) reading
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
the lunch with John
I bought the Cosmopolitan at
Nether
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﲏ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
.
British Museum.
Atlantic.
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
.
ans are very good
is the largest animal on land.
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬
Rockies.
West Indies.
Red Sea.
Amazon.
Amazon River.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
First Winner.
I'm) reading the second book.
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
lunch with John
Cosmopolitan at
‫ﳎﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
The U.S
Nether-lands
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
British Museum.
Atlantic.
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
ans are very good
is the largest animal on land.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬
Rockies.
West Indies.
Red Sea.
Amazon.
Amazon River.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
First Winner.
second book.
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
lunch with John.
Cosmopolitan at the
The U.S. , The Netherlands
Holland
‫ﻭ‬ ،
lands
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺍﻫﺎ‬
٥
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
British Museum.
Atlantic.
‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
ans are very good at football.
is the largest animal on land.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
First Winner.
second book.
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
.
the Paddington Station.
‫ﳏﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
:
, The Netherlands
‫ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ‬
Holland
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
British Museum.
Atlantic.
‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
is the largest animal on land.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺎﲰﲔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
First Winner.
second book.
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
. ‫ﻭﺟﺒﺔ‬
Paddington Station.
‫ﳏﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
, The Netherlands
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
British Museum.
Atlantic.
‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻋﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺎﲰﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
First Winner.
second book. .
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬
.
‫ﻭﺟﺒﺔ‬
Paddington Station.
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
, The Netherlands
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
British Museum. ‫ﱪﻳﻄﺎﱐ‬
.
Atlantic. ‫ـﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺴﻲ‬
.
‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﱪﺍﺯﻳﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻋﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻔﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲨﻌ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺎﻝ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
.
‫ﺍﲰ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﲰ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
.
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
First Winner. ‫ﻭﻝ‬
.
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺜﺎﱐ‬
.
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ـﻼﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬
Paddington Station.
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
Netherlands
‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﲢﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﱪﻳﻄﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ـﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﱪﺍﺯﻳﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻔﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲨﻌ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻨ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻭﻥ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﺯﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻔﺎﺋﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﶈﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
-
Netherlands
‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

97. This
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
The
The
I like
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺃﺣـﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺴـﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬
This is my
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
The Water boils at
The Milk is good for you.
I like the
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺃﺣـﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺴـﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬
George
I (go/went) to home.
I (go/went) home.
is my the pen.
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
Water boils at
Milk is good for you.
the potato.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﳚـ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
George ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
I (go/went) to home.
I (go/went) home.
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
.
pen.
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
Water boils at 100ْC.
Milk is good for you.
potato.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
.
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬
.
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬ , Cairo
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
.
I (go/went) to home.
I (go/went) home.
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
pen.
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
C.
Milk is good for you.
‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬
Cairo ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
I (go/went) to home.
٦
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
١٠٠
‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
.
Proper Nouns
:
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
Capital
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
the
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬ , Germany
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
I (go/went) to home.
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
.
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
١٠٠
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﲜﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
Proper Nouns
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
Letter
Capital
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
the
Germany ‫ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
I (go/went) to home.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
(
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ْ
.
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﲜﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
Proper Nouns
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
Letter
a , an
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ , Friday
go home
‫ﺃﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
.
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
١٠٠
‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ْ
‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﲜﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﲜﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬
a , an
, Friday ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬#‫أ‬
:
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
go home
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
/

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬
‫ﲜﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍ‬
‫ﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬#‫أ‬
-
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬
-
-
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬#‫أ‬
-

98. ٧
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
Common Nouns
:
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
.
‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
a , an
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
the
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
man ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ , teacher 
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻣﺪ‬
‫ﺱ‬ , cat ‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ , book ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ , city ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
Material Nouns
:
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﲝ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﲝـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬
.
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
a , an
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
oxygen ‫ﺃﻭﻛﺴﺠﲔ‬ , iron ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻥ‬ , snow ‫ﺛﻠﺞ‬ , water ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬ , sand ‫ﺭﻣﻞ‬ , air ‫ﻫﻮﺍﺀ‬ , …
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
/
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
Collective Nouns
:
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﲰـ‬ ‫ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻴﺎﻧـ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﲝ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺻـﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
crowd ‫ﺣﺸﺪ‬ , army ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻴﺶ‬ , fleet ‫ﺃﺳﻄﻮﻝ‬ , flock ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻴﻊ‬ , …
crowds ‫ﺣﺸﻮﺩ‬ , armies ‫ﺟﻴﻮﺵ‬ , fleets ‫ﺃﺳﺎﻃﻴﻞ‬ , …
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
Abstract Nouns
:
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﲝ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
joy ‫ﺍﺑﺘﻬﺎﺝ‬ , laugh ‫ﺿﺤﻚ‬ , pleasure ‫ﺳﺮﻭﺭ‬ , …

99. ٨
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
Countable
:
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
‫ﻭﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
a , an
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
the
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﱪ‬
many
‫ﻭﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
few
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
a man ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ , many men ‫ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬ , a few men ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬
many of men ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ , a few of men ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
Uncountable
:
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
،
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
is , has ,
was
...
‫ﺇﱁ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﳚ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬
a , an
‫ﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
the
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
Substances
:
Materials ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬: cotton ‫ﻗﻄﻦ‬ , cloth ‫ﻗﻤﺎﺵ‬ , silk ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺮ‬ , wool ‫ﺻﻮﻑ‬ , nylon ‫ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮﻥ‬ ,
gold ‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬ , silver ‫ﻓﻀﺔ‬ , …
Food ‫ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‬: flour ‫ﻃﺤﲔ‬ , rice ‫ﺭﺯ‬ , bread ‫ﺧﺒﺰ‬ , wheat ‫ﻗﻤﺢ‬ , sugar ‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬ , salt ‫ﻣﻠﺢ‬ ,
pepper ‫ﻓﻠﻔﻞ‬ , …
Other ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬: butter ‫ﺯﺑﺪﺓ‬ , cheese ‫ﺟﺒﻨﺔ‬ , jam ‫ﻣﺮﰉ‬ , fur ‫ﻓﺮﻭ‬ , skin ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ , hair ‫ﺷﻌﺮ‬ ,
ice ‫ﺟﻠﻴﺪ‬ , snow ‫ﺛﻠﺞ‬ , rain ‫ﻣﻄﺮ‬ , soil ‫ﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬ , grass ‫ﻋﺸﺐ‬ , land ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺴﺔ‬ , ground ‫ﻗﺎﻉ‬ ,
wood ‫ﺧﺸﺐ‬ , plastic ‫ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬ , leather ‫ﻣﺪﺑﻮﻍ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ , coal ‫ﻓﺤﻢ‬ , rock ‫ﺻﺨﺮﺓ‬ ,
sand ‫ﺭﻣﻞ‬ , paper ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ , cement ‫ﺍﲰﻨﺖ‬ , chalk ‫ﻃﺒﺎﺷﲑ‬ , plaster ‫ﻻﺻﻖ‬ ,
paint ‫ﻃﻼﺀ‬ , …
'‫ا‬ (‫و‬ '‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬
:

100. w
gasoline
air
music
traf
homework
‫ﺍﳌـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
She has
water ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
gasoline
air ‫ﻫﻮﺀ‬ , sm
music ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬
traffic ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
homework
‫ﺍﳌـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
water
sugar
She has much of
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
.
This water
This water
, milk ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﱰﻳﻦ‬
)
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬
(
, smoke ‫ﺩﺧﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬ , luggage
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ , furniture
homework ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ , …
little
.
‫ﺍﳌـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﲰـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
water
sugar ‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬
water ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬ , much
sugar ‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬ , much
much of
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
This water are
This water is sterilized
‫ﺣﻠﻴﺐ‬ , coffee
‫ﺑﱰﻳﻦ‬ , juice
‫ﺩﺧﺎﻥ‬ , steam
, luggage ‫ﺃﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬
, furniture
, …
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ‬
little
water ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬ , much
‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬ , much
much of
much of sugar
much of gold and a
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
sterilized.
sterilized
, coffee ‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬ , tea
ce ‫ﻋﺼﲑ‬ , alcoho
, steam ‫ﲞﺎﺭ‬ , oxygen
‫ﺃﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬ , baggage
, furniture ‫ﺃﺛﺎﺙ‬ , accommodation
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ‬
much water
much sugar
of water ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
sugar ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
and a little of
Uncountable Nouns
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
sterilized.
sterilized.
٩
, tea ‫ﺷﺎﻱ‬
alcohol
, oxygen ‫ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻴﺠﲔ‬
baggage ‫ﳏﺰﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬
, accommodation
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
much
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻦ‬
water ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
sugar ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ‬
.
little of beauty
Uncountable Nouns
.
‫ﺷﺎﻱ‬ , oil ‫ﻧﻔﻂ‬،‫ﺯﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺤﻮﻝ‬ , …
‫ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻴﺠﲔ‬ , hydrogen
‫ﳏﺰﻭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬ , pay
, accommodation
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
much
‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬ , a little
‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬ , a little
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ , a little
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ , a little
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ‬
beauty
Uncountable Nouns
.
‫ﻧﻔﻂ‬،‫ﺯﻳﺖ‬ , petrol
, …
, hydrogen
, pay ‫ﺃﺟﺮ‬ , noise
, accommodation ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ‬،
Abstract Nouns
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
little water
a little sugar
a little of water
a little of sugar
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
Uncountable Nouns
.
Liquids
:
, petrol ‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
(
Gases
:
, hydrogen ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
:
, noise ‫ﺿﻮﺿﺎﺀ‬
‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰ‬ ,
Abstract Nouns
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
water ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
sugar ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬
water ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
sugar ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
. ‫ﻣﻌﻘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
(
(
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ‬
Liquids
‫ﺑﱰﻳﻦ‬
)
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
Gases
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﲔ‬ , …
(
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺿﺎﺀ‬ ,
(
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
Abstract Nouns
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
-
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻣﻌﻘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
٢
(
,
٣
(
٤
(
٥
(
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
-

101. ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
:
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼـﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
-s
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
leaf
thie
wolf
li
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼـﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
I want a coffee.
I like coffee.
The boy threw a
This wall is made of
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
s
‫ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
I met three
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
ve
‫ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
leaves
thief
thie
f
wolves
life
lives
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼـﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
I want a coffee.
I like coffee.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
The boy threw a
This wall is made of
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
s
I met three Johns
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
ves ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬
thieves ‫ﻟﺺ‬
ves ‫ﺫﺋﺐ‬ , hal
ves ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ , wi
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼـﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
I want a coffee.
I like coffee.
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
The boy threw a stone.
This wall is made of stone
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
ideas ‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
Johns yesterday.
s
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ , loaf
‫ﻟﺺ‬ , calf
, half
, wife
hoof
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼـﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
I want a coffee.
I like coffee.
tea
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
.
stone.
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ , opinion
‫ﺍﳊـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
yesterday.
١٠
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻭﲡﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
loaves
calves
halves
wives ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‬
hooves
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
I like coffee.
tea , potato, …
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
. ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
, opinions ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳊـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
yesterday.
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
fe
‫ﻭﲡﻤﻊ‬
ves ‫ﺭﻏﻴﻒ‬ , shea
ves ‫ﻋﺠﻞ‬ , sel
‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ , scar
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‬ , kni
hooves ‫ﺣﺎﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧ‬
.(
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
I like coffee.
, potato, …
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺀ‬ , truth
‫ﺍﳊـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﲡﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
f
‫ﺃﻭ‬
fe
, sheaf
, self
sel
scarf
scar
, knife
kni
The plural
:
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
coffee
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
, potato, …
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ .‫ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺜﻞ‬
:
, truths ‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳊـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﲡﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
-s
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
f
sheaves
selves ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
scarves ‫ﻭﺷﺎﺡ‬
knives ‫ﺳﻜﲔ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ,-
The plural
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
coffee
‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ .‫ﺣﺠﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
.
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﲡﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
ves ‫ﺣﺰﻣﺔ‬ ,
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ,
‫ﻭﺷﺎﺡ‬ ,
‫ﺳﻜﲔ‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ,-
-
‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬
،
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
-
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
-
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
s
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
-
‫ﺍﳊـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
-
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ,-
-
-
-
-

102. ١١
-
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲰﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
man
men ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬
:
‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬ , woman
women ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺓ‬
:
‫ﻧﺴﺎﺀ‬ ,
child
children ‫ﻃﻔﻞ‬
:
‫ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ , foot
feet ‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬
:
‫ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬ ,
tooth
teeth ‫ﺳﻦ‬
:
‫ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬ , mouse
mice ‫ﻓﺄﺭ‬
:
‫ﻓﺌﺮﺍﻥ‬ ,
goose
geese ‫ﺇﻭﺯﺓ‬
:
‫ﺇﻭﺯﺍﺕ‬ , louse
lice ‫ﻗﻤﻠﺔ‬
:
‫ﻗﻤﻞ‬ ,
ox
oxen ‫ﺛﻮﺭ‬
:
‫ﺃﺛﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬ , oasis
oases ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺔ‬
:
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺎﺕ‬ ,
erratum
errata ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
:
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ , index
indices ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺱ‬
:
‫ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ‬ , …
-
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
deer ‫ﻏﺰﺍﻝ‬
:
‫ﻏﺰﻻﻥ‬ , sheep ‫ﺧﺮﻭﻑ‬
:
‫ﺧﺮﺍﻑ‬ , swine ‫ﺧﱰﻳﺮ‬
:
‫ﺧﻨﺎﺯﻳﺮ‬ , …
-
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
people ‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ , cattle ‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬ , clergy ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬ , police ‫ﺷﺮﻃﺔ‬ ,
poultry ‫ﺩﺟﺎﺝ‬ , public ‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭ‬ , vermin ‫ﻃﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬ , …
Police have just arrived. ‫ﻭﺻﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮ‬
.
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
people
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬
.
Peoples of Europe eat much of potato. ‫ﺷﻌﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺲ‬
.
-
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
s
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
dozen : two dozen ‫ﺩﺯﻳﻨﺔ‬ , score : three score ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ,
thousand : five thousand ‫ﺃﻟﻒ‬ , hundred : eight hundred ‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ ,
million : nine million ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ , head : two head ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ , …
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
dozens of eggs ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺯﻥ‬ , hundreds of boys ‫ﻣﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‬
-
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
news ‫ﺧﱪ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ‬، , innings ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺔ‬ , gallows ‫ﻣﺸﻨﻘﺔ‬
ethics ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ , mathematics ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ , physics ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ‬ ,
phonetics ‫ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ , …

103. ١٢
−
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲡﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘـﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﺷﺔ‬
...
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬﻩ‬
‫ﲔ‬
.
The scissor is lost. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
The scissors are lost. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺺ‬
‫ﺿﺎﺋﻊ‬
(
-
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﻧﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻘﺎﻋﺪﺗﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
He
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
him
.
‫ﺗﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
son ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ , boy ‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬ , man ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ , father ‫ﺃﺏ‬ , brother ‫ﺃﺥ‬ , uncle ‫ﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻢ‬ ,
nephew ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ‬ , prince ‫ﺃﻣﲑ‬ , king ‫ﻣﻠﻚ‬ , husband ‫ﺯﻭﺝ‬ , …
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
She
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
her
.
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
daughter ‫ﺍﺑﻨﺔ‬ , girl ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬ , woman ‫ﻣﺮﺁﺓ‬ , mother ‫ﺃﻡ‬ , sister ‫ﺃﺧﺖ‬ ,
aunt ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺔ‬ , niece ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺥ‬ , princess ‫ﺃﻣﲑﺓ‬ , queen ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺔ‬ ,
wife ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‬ , …
٣
(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
:
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
it
.
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗـﻞ‬ ‫ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
pen ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ , table ‫ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ , door ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬ , book ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬ , city ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ , cat ‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ , dog ‫ﻛﻠﺐ‬ , …
٤
(
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬
:
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫ﻨﺴﲔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
child ‫ﻃﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻃﻔﻞ‬ , friend ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬ , doctor ‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬ ,
judge ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬ , cousin ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ,
artist ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻥ‬ , teacher ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬ , …
. /0 ‫وا‬ ‫آ‬2 ‫ا‬
Gender
:

104. nephew
‫ﺎﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬
it
.
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬
actor
boy :
boyfriend
brother
bull
cock
dog
father
fox
horse
husband
king
lord :
man
monk
nephew : ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
ram
sir
son
uncle
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱪ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬
ctor : ‫ﳑﺜﻞ‬
boy : ‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬
boyfriend ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬
brother : ‫ﺃﺥ‬
bull : ‫ﺛﻮﺭ‬
cock : ‫ﺩﻳﻚ‬
dog : ‫ﻛﻠﺐ‬
father : ‫ﺃﺏ‬
: ‫ﺛﻌﻠﺐ‬
horse : ‫ﺣﺼﺎﻥ‬
husband : ‫ﺯﻭﺝ‬
king : ‫ﻣﻠﻚ‬
: ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪ‬
man : ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬
monk : ‫ﺭﺍﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
ram : ‫ﻛﺒﺶ‬
sir : ‫ﺳﻴﺪ‬
son : ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
: ‫ﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻝ‬ ،
country , city
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﱪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
:
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻢ‬
country , city
١٣
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
country , city
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
girlfriend
niece
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺜ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬
actress
girl :
girlfriend
sister
cow :
hen :
bitch
mother
vixen
mare
wife :
queen
lady : ‫ﻧﺒﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﺓ‬
woman
nun :
niece : ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬
ewe :
madam
daughter
aunt : ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺔ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺜ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬
ctress : ‫ﳑﺜﻠﺔ‬
girl : ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬
girlfriend ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬
: ‫ﺃﺧﺖ‬
: ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺓ‬
: ‫ﺩﺟﺎﺟﺔ‬
: ‫ﻛﻠﺒﺔ‬
mother : ‫ﺃﻡ‬
: ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺜ‬
‫ﻌﻠﺒﺔ‬
: ‫ﻓﺮﺱ‬
: ‫ﺯﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺔ‬
: ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﺓ‬
woman : ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬
: ‫ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬
: ‫ﻧﻌﺠﺔ‬
madam : ‫ﻣﺪﺍﻡ‬
daughter : ‫ﺍﺑﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺔ‬ ،
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬
-
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
-
-

105. ١٤
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
Nominative
:
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
:
١
(
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﺎﻋ‬
.
The boy broke the window. ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺔ‬
.
This man is my father. .‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
:
‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ،
:
‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
Object
:
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
:
١
(
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
.
The boy broke the window. ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮ‬
.
Put your cup on the table. ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
He came yesterday. ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
‫ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
)
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
(
Possessive
:
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
:
١
(
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
X's Y
:
‫ﺃ‬
-
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
's
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
The girl's dress. ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺏ‬
.
‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺓ‬
.
Shakespeare's plays. ‫ﺷﻜﺴﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬
.
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺒﲑ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬
.
34‫ا‬ ‫اب‬ 6‫إ‬ ‫ت‬49
Case of Nouns
:

106. ١٥
‫ﺏ‬
-
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
'
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺼﺎﻏ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
-s
‫ﺃﻭ‬
-es
.
The girls' dresses. ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘ‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻴﺎﺕ‬
.
The boys' books. ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‬
.
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
-s
‫ﺃﻭ‬
-es
‫ﺑﺈﺿـﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
's
‫ﺁﺧـﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
.
The men's room. ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
.
The children's teacher. ‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
Y of X
:
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
of
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
Names of the engineers
‫ﺩﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
The leg of the table

107. A cat's
The men
The women
The beauty
X's Y
.
The table
The leg
Names of
My house is
These books are my sister
tail.
The men's room.
The women's society.
The beauty's queen.
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
X's Y
The table's leg.
eg of the table.
X's Y
.
of the engineer
My house is larger
e books are my sister
tail.
room.
society.
queen.
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
leg.
the table.
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
X's Y
engineers.
larger than Mark
e books are my sister
tail.
room.
society.
queen.
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
s. OR The e
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
.
than Mark
e books are my sister's. (= my sister books)
١٦
tail.
room.
society.
queen.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
،
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
The engineer
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
than Mark's. (= Mark's house)
. (= my sister books)
X'
:
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
tail.
room.
society.
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
‫ﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
،
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
ngineers' names.
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
. (= Mark's house)
. (= my sister books)
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
X's Y
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬
room. ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬
society. ‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
Y of X
:
‫ﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
(
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
names.
‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﱄ‬
.
. (= Mark's house)
. (= my sister books)
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻞ‬
.
‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
.
‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬
.
‫ﺣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺔ‬
.
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
X
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺪﻝ‬
)
‫ﺩﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
names.
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﱄ‬
‫ﻷﺧﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
.
-
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
١
(
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬
٢
(
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺔ‬
-
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
١
(
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
)
٢
(
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
-
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﱄ‬
‫ﻷﺧﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
-
١
٢
-
١
٢
-

108. ١٧
- Questions (1-10); select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
1) Plural of spoonful is:
A. spoonfuls.
B. spoonsful.
C. spoonful.
D. spoons.
2) Plural of antenna is:
A. antennas.
B. antenns.
C. antenna.
D. antennes.
3) Plural of omen is:
A. omens.
B. omena.
C. omenas.
D. omen.
4) Plural of sheep is:
A. sheeps.
B. sheep.
C. All above.
D. None of all above.
5) Plural of standby is:
A. standby.
B. standbies.
C. standbys
D. standbyes.
6) Plural of fish is:
A. fish.
B. fishes.
C. All of above.
D. None of all above.
7) Noun of steal is:
A. steal.
B. stealing.
C. stealance.
D. steel.
E. None of all above.

109. ١٨
8) Noun of accept is:
A. accept.
B. acceptance.
C. accepting.
D. None all of above.
9) Noun of administrate is:
A. administrate.
B. administrating.
C. administrator.
D. None of all above.
10) Noun of collect is:
A. collect.
B. collecting.
C. collection.
D. None of all above.
- Questions (11-14); decide whether they are common, proper, abstract, or collective:
11) That holiday was the best.
A. Common.
B. Proper.
C. Abstract.
D. Collective.
12) He's obviously the leader of the gang.
A. Common.
B. Proper.
C. Abstract.
D. Collective.
13) Every winter we used to go to Scotland for the skiing.
A. Common.
B. Proper.
C. Abstract.
D. Collective.
14) Pauline is so weary of the life she leads.
A. Common.
B. Proper.
C. Abstract.
D. Collective
- Questions (15-21); decide if these statements about articles are (True) or (False):
15) An American man wants to make a business.
16) Water contains a hydrogen.
17) The earth is third planet from the sun.
18) I have just read news from the New York Times.

110. ١٩
19) We have a lots of wood.
20) I visited the Niagara.
21) He went to the college.
- Questions (22-38); choose the correct article (a, an, the, nothing):
22) She is … very nice girl.
23) Next month I'm going to go to … Paris to see … Eiffel Tower.
24) Wait, I have … idea.
25) That is … strangest thing I've ever seen.
26) Yesterday, I talked to … MTV Producer.
27) … Ukrainians are more intelligent than … Italians.
28) Have you ever taken … trip to … North Pole?
29) I'd like to be … President of … United States someday.
30) Who's … guy over there with a duck on his head?
31) I'm … happiest girl in town!
32) I like … cats better than … dogs.
33) We saw … Mr. Smith at … bank.
34) We made some delicious soup using … head of … cow!
35) It should take … hour.
36) Please put … gun on … table and listen to me!
37) This is … Europe car.
38) She had … one dollar note in her hand.

111. ١

112. ٢
-
‫ﲢﺘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ‬
.
-
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨ‬
‫ﲔ‬
.
-
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
Adjective
.
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﲡﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
.
Smarts boys ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
Smart boys. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﺩ‬
(
They need smarts. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
(
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬
:
١
(
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
large ~ small ‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ، ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ , old ~ young ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ,
old ~ new ، ‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ , long ~ short ‫ﻗﺼﲑ‬ ، ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬ , hard ~ soft ‫ﻧﺎﻋﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺧﺸﻦ‬ ,
rich ~ poor ‫ﻓﻘﲑ‬ ، ‫ﻏﲏ‬ , hot ~ cold ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻦ‬ ,
black ~ white ‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺳﻮﺩ‬ , good ~ bad ‫ﺳﻲﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ,
smart ~ stupid ‫ﻏﱯ‬ ، ‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ , …
٢
(
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﲟﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻄﻊ‬
،
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺟ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
:
-al: actual , final , general , mental , physical , special , …
-ent: ancient , convenient , excellent , frequent , urgent , …
-ous: anxious , conscious , dangerous , famous , serious , various, …
-ic: atomic , basic , electric , scientific , sympathetic , …
-y: angry , dirty , funny , guilty , healthy , hungry , icy , …
-ive: active , attractive , expensive , native , sensitive , …
-ed: confused , excited , limited , related , surprised , …
-ble: enjoyable , fashionable , possible , probable , sensible , …
-ful: beautiful , careful , faithful , grateful , skillful , …
-an: American , Christian , German , human , Indian , Russian , …
-ing: amusing , disappointing , surprising , willing , …
-less: blameless , careless , childless , harmless , senseless , …
Introduction
:

113. -ar:
‫ﻭﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
He is a smart man.
He is smart.
ar: famili
،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬
.
‫ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
He is a smart man.
He is smart.
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫ﲝـﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
-less
familiar , particul
،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬
He is a smart man.
He is smart.
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫ﲝـﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
, particular
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
:
wake
dis- , un
happy
accurate
possible
legal
honest
‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
He is a smart man.
He is smart.
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫ﲝـﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
helpless
hopeless
useless
ar , popul
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
sleep ‫ﻳﻨﺎﻡ‬
live ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ،
wake ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬
, un- , il- , in
happy ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
accurate ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
possible ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬
legal ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬
honest ‫ﺃﻣﲔ‬
a , an
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬
He is smart.
‫ﻛﺲ‬
‫ﳌ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬
care ‫ﻳﻬﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺘﻢ‬
-less
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫ﲝـﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
helpless ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
hopeless ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺌﻮﺱ‬
useless ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﱘ‬
٣
, popular , regul
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺎﻡ‬
asleep
‫ﳛﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ،
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬
awake
, in- , im-
‫ﲢﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
unhappy
inaccurate
impossible
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬
illegal
dishonest
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬
a , an
He is smart.
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺲ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺘﻢ‬
care
‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
less
‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
help
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺌﻮﺱ‬
hope
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﱘ‬
, regular , simil
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
a-
sleep ‫ﻧﺎﺋﻢ‬
alive ‫ﺣﻲ‬
wake ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
-
‫ﲢﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
happy ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
accurate ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
possible ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
legal ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
honest ‫ﺃﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬
-less
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬
careless ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
helpful
hopeful ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻢ‬
useful
, similar , …
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﲢﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
less
‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
-ful
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻢ‬
ful ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬
, …
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺘﲔ‬
:
‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬
ful
٣
(
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
٤
(
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬
‫ﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
-
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
-
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬
-
-
-

114. ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺼـﻔﺔ‬
‫ﳚـﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺗـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺼـﻔﺔ‬
،
‫ﳚـﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
I am a hero.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺃﺗـﻰ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﱄ‬
،
I am a hero.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
.
.
heroic
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
I am a hero.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
.
Red
Beautiful table
Capital
.
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
English
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬
New York
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬
heroic
I am a hero.
٤
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺏ‬
Red dress
‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
Beautiful table
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬
Capital Letter
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
English language
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬
New York City
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬
I am a hero.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
smart man
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
dress
Beautiful table
:
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
language
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
City
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
:
I am a hero.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
smart man
smart
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
:
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
I am a hero.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
smart
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬
.
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أاع‬
:
hero
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
I am a hero.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻔﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أاع‬
-
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
hero
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
I am a hero. ‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
-
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أاع‬
-

115. ٥
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬
:
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
:
my/your/his/her/its
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮﺩ‬
our/your/their
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
own
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
(I will/I'll) write with my own pen. ‫ﺑﻘﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬
.
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
own
‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
:
He did his work.
He did his own work.
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﰎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
،
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﳜﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
:
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
،
‫ﻭﳚـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ‬ ‫ﺇﺣـﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺴـﺒﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
a , an
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
the
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
a long street ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬ , a beautiful girl ‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬ , an old house ‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬
She is a beautiful girl. ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬
beautiful girl
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
.

116. ٦
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬
am , is , are , was , were , be
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
Linking Verbs
‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊـﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
Perception Verbs
‫ﻭﺃﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬـﻮﺭ‬
Seeming Verbs
‫ﻭﺃﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐـﻴﲑ‬
Becoming Verbs
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
Remaining Verbs
.
‫ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Perception Verbs
:
smell ‫ﻳﺸﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﺡ‬ , taste ‫ﻳﺘﺬﻭﻕ‬ , sound ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻮﺗ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪﺭ‬ , feel ‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻤﺲ‬ ، , …
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Seeming Verbs
:
appear ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ , seem ‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬ , look ‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬ , …
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Becoming Verbs
:
become ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ , end up ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ , get ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ , grow ‫ﻳﻨﻤﻮ‬ ,
change ‫ﻳﻐﲑ‬
،
‫ﻳﺒﺪﻝ‬ , convert ‫ﻝ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﳛ‬ , turn 
‫ﻮ‬‫ﳛ‬
‫ﻝ‬ , prove ‫ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‬ , …
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Remaining Verbs
:
stay ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ , remain ‫ﳝﻜﺚ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ , keep ‫ﳛﻔﻆ‬ , …
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
)
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
.(
I have a new computer. ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
.
‫ـ‬
‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ـﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼـ‬
‫ﻲ‬
new
‫ـﻮ‬
‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳـ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ـﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـ‬ ،
computer
‫ـﻮ‬
‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌـ‬ ،
a new computer
.
٢
(
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
Linking Verbs
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
.
(She has/She's) become beautiful. ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
beautiful
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ،
become
،
‫ﻫـﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـﻮﻑ‬
She
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
become
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
(
.
The soup smells delicious. ‫ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻳﺬﺓ‬
.
‫ا‬
:

117. The
The witness kept
She is
The young
‫ﻭﻻ‬
I like my coffee
My sister keeps her room
I have nothing
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
I have nothing not
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
There
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
The
The witness kept
‫ﻫـﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـﻮﻑ‬
The
She is smart
She
.
The young
the old
،
‫ﻭﻻ‬
I like my coffee
My sister keeps her room
her room
I have nothing
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
I have nothing not
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
There is
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
The witness kept
‫ﻫـﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
(
.
smart.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
She
The young should look after
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ،
the old
I like my coffee black
My sister keeps her room
‫ﻭ‬
room
I have nothing good
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
I have nothing is good
.
I have nothing not
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
I have
.
something
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
The witness kept silent.
‫ﻫـﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
should look after
The young
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ،
black.
My sister keeps her room
my coffee
‫ﻭ‬
good.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
I have nothing is good
I have nothing not good
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
I have nothing
something missing
‫ﻳﻌﺘﲏ‬
.
smell
،
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
(
.
.
kept
،
‫ﻫـﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
.
،
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
should look after the old
The young
.
My sister keeps her room very
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
coffee
.
nothing
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
I have nothing is good
good.
nothing
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
nothing is not good
missing in this room
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﲏ‬
٧
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ،
smell
‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ،
kept
keep
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ،
is
،
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
the old.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ،
The young
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
.
tidy.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
nothing
I have nothing is good
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
nothing
is not good
in this room
take care
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
delicious
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
.
silent
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ،
kept
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
keep
.
smart
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ،
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
old
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ،
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
:
I have nothing is good
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
:
is not good
in this room. ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
take care
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
delicious
smell
‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
silent
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
kept
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍ‬
.
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
smart
the
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻦ‬
.
young
‫ﻭ‬
old
‫ﻣﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ‬
.
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﲢﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱵ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻭ‬
tidy
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
. ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
take care
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
smell
. ‫ﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﺎﻣﺘ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
witness
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
be
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
the
‫ﻳﻌﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
young
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻗﻬﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﲢﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱵ‬
black
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
good
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
good
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
look after
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
soup
.
‫ﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
witness
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
. ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺫﻛﻴﺔ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
(
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
(
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻬﻮﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﲢﺎﻓﻆ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
black
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
good
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
good
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
-
look after
٣
(
٤
(
٥
(
-

118. ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
George
George
I will get back
George
I want a
George
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
Subject
George is
George talk
I will get back
Subject
George is
I want a
Subject
George is
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ‬
-est
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
Subject
is as tall as
talks three times
I will get back as soon as
Subject
is taller than
I want a bicycle
Subject + +
is the tallest of
Comparative
‫ﻭ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
.
+ + as + V
as tall as John.
three times
as soon as
+ + V
taller than his brother.
bicycle larger than
+ +
the tallest of his brothers.
Comparative
am
is
are
am
is
are
am
is
are
something
There is
+ + as + V
John..‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺎﻥ‬
three times as much as
as soon as I can.
+ + V
his brother.
larger than this.
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
:
+ + the +
his brothers.
Comparative
:
‫ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬
Comparative
am
is
are
٨
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
something
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
:
There is something is
+ + as + V
‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
as much as John
+ + Verb-er + than +
his brother.
this.
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
the + Verb
his brothers.
Comparative
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑـﲔ‬
Superlative
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
thing is missing
+ + as + Verb
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
John. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
.
Comparative
:
er + than +
Superlative
:
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
erb-est +
Superlative
Comparative
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
Superlative
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
missing
Equality
:
+ as +
‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
omparative
er + than +
‫ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬
.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
.
uperlative
est + of
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻪ‬
.
Superlative
-
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
Superlative
missing
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
in this room
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
quality
as + Object
‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻗﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
er + than + Object
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
uperlative
of +
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
Superlative
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
-er
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
missing
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
in this room
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
:
Object
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻋﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻗﺮﺏ‬
(
‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
:
Object
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺔ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
:
+ Object
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
-
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
Object
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
-

119. He is
He is
Tony
George
George
good :
bad :
much , many
little :
far :
He is better than
He is the best of
Tony is the best
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
most
Subject
Subject
George is
George is
Red Dress
The red
The dress
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
good : ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
bad : ‫ﺳﻲﺀ‬
much , many
little : ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
far : ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬
better than
the best of
the best.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
Subject + + more + V
Subject + +
is more interested than
is the most interested
ress.
The red dress.
dress is red.
much , many
better than her.
the best of his friends.
.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
+ + more + V
+ +
more interested than
most interested
am
is
are
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
.
.
.
is red.
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
better :
worse :
more :
farther :
.
his friends.
.
more
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
+ + more + V
+ + the most + V
more interested than
most interested of
،
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
٩
‫ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
better : ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
worse : ‫ﺃﺳﻮﺃ‬
more : ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
less : ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
farther : ‫ﺃﺑﻌﺪ‬
his friends.
.
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬
more
+ + more + V
most + V
John.
of his friends
‫ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
،
‫ﺧﱪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
.
‫ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻮﺃ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻌﺪ‬
his friends.
‫ﺃﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬
+ + more + V.1 +
most + V.1 +
John.
his friends.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺏ‬
،
‫ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺧﱪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ .‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
best :
worst :
most :
farthest :
his friends.
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
:
+ than
+ of
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
:
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
best : ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
worst : ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺃ‬
most : ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
least : ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‬
farthest :
‫ﻬﺎ‬
.
his friends. ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
.
‫ﻭﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
than +
of +
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
.
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‬
farthest : ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
+ Object
+ Object
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﱐ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
Object
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺝ‬

120. ١٠
Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
1) Adjective of automatic is:
A. automatic.
B. automatically.
C. automatical.
D. None of all above.
2) Adjective of late is:
A. lately.
B. lated.
C. late
D. None of all above.
3) Which word is NOT an adjective:
A. friendly.
B. fully.
C. silly.
D. All above.
4) In the bicycle race, Harold was … than Michael.
A. fastest
B. more fast
C. more faster
D. faster
5) The World Trade Center is the … building in New York City.
A. taller
B. tallest
C. more taller
D. most tall
6) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Clark is gooder than Mark.
B. Clark is more smart than Mark.
C. Clark's cake is most delicious of Mark's.
D. Clark is tallest of his friends.
E. None of all above.
7) Choose the correct sentence:
A. She feels good.
B. She feels gooder.
C. She feels bader.
D. She feels well.

121. ١١
8) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Pollution causes damages more than working in miners.
B. Pollution is damager than working in miners.
C. Pollution causes damages most of working in miners.
D. None of all above.
9) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Nice man has helped me.
B. A nice man has helped me.
C. A nice men have helped me.
D. None of all above.
10) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Michael Jackson is popular.
B. Michael Jackson is the most popular.
C. Michael Jackson is a popular man.
D. All above.
E. None of all above.
11) I'm good at football as … as basketball.
A. soon
B. much
C. possible
D. good
E. All above.

122. ١

123. ٢
−
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺄ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
.
−
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻌﺎﰿ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻄ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
and ‫ﻭ‬ , or ‫ﺃﻭ‬ , but ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ , both ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ , either ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ,
while ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ , when ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ , what ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪﺭ‬
neither … nor ‫ﺫﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ , then ‫ﰒ‬ , as well as ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ,
notwithstanding ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ , whether ، ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
... , …
-
‫ﺳﻨﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬
and
‫ﻭ‬
or
:
John has traveled. Carla has traveled. ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻻ‬
.
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
and
‫ﺃﻭ‬
or
‫ﺍﳌﺸـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
John and Carla have traveled. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻻ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ‬
.
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
are
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
is
‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
She and he
‫ﲨﻌ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
John or Carla has traveled. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫أدوات‬
Conjunctions
:
‫ا‬ ‫أدوات‬
:
Introduction
:

124. My
My
sport
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
My hobb
My hobb
sport.
) She is studying
) Neither
) Meet her first
) He as
) Do your best
) We should try to meet them
) This program shows
I and he are going.
He and I are going.
I or he is going.
He or I is going.
hobbies are swimming
hobbies are swimming
.
She is studying
Neither she nor
Meet her first
as well as you is tired.
Do your best (
We should try to meet them
This program shows
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
.
I and he are going.
He and I are going.
I or he is going.
He or I is going.
ies are swimming
ies are swimming
.
She is studying both English and French.
nor her sister
Meet her first then make
you is tired.
(or else/
We should try to meet them
This program shows
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
I and he are going.
He and I are going.
I or he is going.
He or I is going.
‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
:
ies are swimming, reading
ies are swimming and
.
English and French.
her sister was
make your decision.
you is tired.
/otherwise
We should try to meet them
This program shows whether
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
I and he are going.
He and I are going.
I or he is going.
He or I is going.
٣
and
‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬
.
reading, programming
reading
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬
.
English and French.
was in the party.
your decision.
therwise) he will
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻄﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
.
We should try to meet them whether
‫ﺍﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
.
whether your friends are online.
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
I and he are going.
He and I are going.
I or he is going.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
and
‫ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ‬
programming
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
:
reading and programming
.
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬
English and French.
in the party.
your decision.
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
he will be the
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻄﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
whether it is raining or not
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺅ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
your friends are online.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻮﻑ‬
I
I and he are going.
He and I are going.
I or he is going.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ‬
programming and
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
programming
.
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ‬
.
in the party.
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﲣﺬ‬
.
your decision.
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
be the victorious
‫ﻧﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳓﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬
s raining or not
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
your friends are online.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻮﻑ‬
I and he are going.
‫ﺳﻴﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
(
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﰐ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬
and sport.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
programming and
.
and
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﲣﺬ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺬﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
victorious.
‫ﻧﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳓﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
s raining or not.
‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
your friends are online.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻮﻑ‬
I and he are going.
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺁﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬
(
‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﰐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
and
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
and
(
‫ﻛﻠﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
(
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻻ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬
(
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺐ‬
(
‫ﺟﻬﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺬﻝ‬
.
(
‫ﻧﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳓﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
(
‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
−
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
I and he are going. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
٤
(
٥
(
٦
(
٧
(
−

125. ٤
-
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻀـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
.
meaning or function simple conjunctions 2- or 3- word
conjunctions
double conjunctions
adding, listing: and both …and
not only … but
alternatives: or either … or
contrast: but not … but
negative addition: nor neither … nor
comparison as , than , like as if , as thought as … so
as … as
condition if , unless seeing , given ,
provided
if … then
contrast: (al)though
while
whereas
even though although … yet
degree or extent: as far as so … that
exception: but (that) ,
except ( that)
place: where , wherever
preference: rather than , sooner
than
proportion: as … so
the … the
purpose: so that ,
in order that
reason and cause: because , as , since
respect: in that
result: so that ,
such that
indirect question: whether , if whether … or
time:
same time: when(ever) , while , as now (that)
earlier time: before , until , till
later time: after , since
just after: once , when ,
whereupon
immediately (that)
‫ا‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫ول‬
Table of Conjunctions
:

126. ٥
- Questions (1-8); select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
1) Which one is a conjunction?
A. never.
B. and.
C. indeed.
D. All above.
2) Which one is a conjunction?
A. too.
B. driver.
C. but
D. All above.
3) Choose the correct sentence:
A. He always eats chicken, egg and chips.
B. He always eats chicken, egg, and chips.
C. All above.
D. None of all above.
4) Choose the correct sentence:
A. The first man has to work bellows and the second must fuel the furnace.
B. The first man has to work bellows, and the second must fuel the furnace.
C. All above.
D. None of all above.
5) We will visit Japan … New Zealand during our next vacation.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. None of all above.
6) My brother wanted to buy a novel … I went to the book store after I finished work.
A. so
B. or
C. but
D. None of all above.
7) My teeth were hurting … I made an appointment to go the dentist.
A. or
B. so
C. but
D. None of all above.
8) Have you seen … heard the latest musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber?
A. but.
B. so.
C. or.
D. None of all above.

127. ٦
- Questions (9-13); choose the best conjunction to join the two sentences:
9) The vacuum cleaner was too small for our needs. We bought a larger one.
A. so
B. since
C. but
D. because
10) The man stopped his bicycle beside the car. The bicycle had a broken chain.
A. and
B. as
C. yet
D. or
11) The tennis match was almost finished. The score was 40 all.
A. yet
B. and
C. nor
D. because
12) The X Files is my favorite TV show. Dawson's Creek is his favorite show.
A. so
B. or
C. and
D. but
13) She was happy when her brother arrived. She had been watching for him for over an hour.
A. and
B. because
C. as
D. but

128. ١

129. ٢
-
‫ﺣﺮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
.
-
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻳ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬
.
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬
.
She is talking about me. ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.
What are you talking about? ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
This book is about the Second World War. ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
، ‫ﺑﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
.
I have books about English. ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﰲ‬
.
I dream about tomorrow. ‫ﺃﺣﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻐﺪ‬
.
I think about writing a story. ‫ﺃﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬
approximately
.
I am about 20 years old. ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
٢٠
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬
.
٥
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
around , round
.
The earth moves (around/round/about) the sun. ‫ﺗﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫وف‬
Prepositions
:
Introduction
:
about

130. ٣
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ، ‫ﰲ‬
.
The children were at home. ‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
.
I was at John's house. ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
.
at the back ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ , at the end ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ , at the center ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ,
at the front ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ , at the top ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ , …
٢
(
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
(
The concert starts at 7:30 o'clock. ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳊﻈﺔ‬
.
at the moment ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ , at lunch time ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬ , at midday ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬ ,
at the present time ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ , …
٤
(
‫ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ‬
.
You can drive at 100kph. ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
١٠٠
‫ﻛﻢ‬
/
‫ﺱ‬
.
(I will/I'll) retire at 60. ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺗﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
You can buy eggs at 80 per a dozen. ‫ﺑﺴﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
٨٠
‫ﻟﻠﺪﺯﻳﻨﺔ‬
.
٥
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ‬ ، ‫ﳓﻮ‬
.
He threw a stone at me. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﳓﻮ‬
‫ﻱ‬
.
٦
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
look
.
Look to me. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
Look at me. )
‫ﺇﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
( ‫ﺻﺢ‬
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ‬
...
،
‫ﲜﺎﻧﺐ‬
...
There is a policeman standing by my car. ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﰐ‬
.
at
by

131. ٤
٢
(
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺺ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
.
The thief must have left the building by the back door.
I went to school by car. 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
I drink tea sip by sip. ‫ﺭﺷﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
Enter one by one. ‫ﺍﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
on or before
.
by Friday
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬
)
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻮ‬
/
‫ﺃﻳﺎﺭ‬
(
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
.
The photographs will be ready by 5 May.
٦
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
by + Verb-ing
.
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﲢﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬
.
We can increase production by improving wages.
By improving wages, we can increase production.
٧
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
١
(
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
because of
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳒﺎﺣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬
.
His success was (due to/because of) his hard work.
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
.
(I will/I'll) live here for five days. ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻋﻴﺶ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬
.
(I will/I'll) love you (for ever/forever). ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺳﺄﺣﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻸﺑﺪ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻷﺟﻞ‬
.
(I am/I'm) working for you. ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻷﺟﻠ‬
‫ﻜﻢ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬
.
Did you vote for the President? ‫ﺻﻮﺗﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻠﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬
‫؟‬
for
due to

132. ٥
١
(
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬
.
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺎﺷ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
١٩٩٥
‫ﺇﱃ‬
١٩٩٨
.
She lived in New York from 1995 to 1998.
٢
(
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬
.
He moved from Canada. ‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
Where did you come from? ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺗﻴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬
I came from Paris. ‫ﺃﺗﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬
.
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ، ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
.
(He is/He's) in the car. .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
٢
(
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺷﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ‬
.
Joseph was born in March. ‫ﺟﻮﺯﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬
)
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬
/
‫ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‬
.(
Joseph was born in 1990 AD. ‫ﺟﻮﺯﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
١٩٩٠
‫ﻡ‬
.
Joseph left the city in summer. ‫ﺟﻮﺯﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
(I am/I'm) in Argentina. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻨﺘﲔ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
Abstract Nouns
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
Romeo was in love with Juliet. ‫ﺭﻭﻣﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺎﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬
.
The passengers are in danger. ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮ‬
.
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ‬ ، ‫ﳓﻮ‬
.
He went into the room. ‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﳓﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
divide
.
Airports divide into local and international. ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﳏﻠﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
.
from
in
into

133. ٦
١
(
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ‬
)
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
.(
The Queen of Spain ‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﺓ‬ , The owners of the car ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻮ‬
٢
(
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
A part of the cake ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻚ‬ , An apple of the box ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ‬
٣
(
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
amounts
.
a lot of noise ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ , a liter of oil ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ,
dozens of eggs ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺯﻥ‬ , thousands of balls , ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻻﻑ‬
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬
.
The books are on the table. ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
.
I go to work on the bus. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎﻷﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
(We will/We'll) travel on Friday. ‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬
.
(We will/We'll) travel on 9th July. ‫ﺳﻨﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
)
‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬
/
‫ﲤﻮﺯ‬
(
.
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻛﻮﻻ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
١
/
١٠
/
٢٠٠٧
‫ﻡ‬
.
This chocolate will expire on 1/10/2008 AD.
٥
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ، ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
.
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺮ‬
.
Although this computer is cheap, it is one of the best machines on the
market.
‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
.
This program shows all most sites on the internet.
of
on

134. Come
He went
I went to a restaurant
To
‫ﺮﺟﻢ‬
I am delighted
Not
I told you
We are sorry
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴـﺒﲎ‬
‫ـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸـ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺒﲎ‬
‫ﻓﻴـ‬
Everyone likes
The building appears
Not to
Come to
He went
I went to a restaurant
To win, you have to
‫ﺗﺘـ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺮﺟﻢ‬
I am delighted
Not to los
I told you
We are sorry
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴـﺒﲎ‬
‫ـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸـ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺒﲎ‬
‫ﻓﻴـ‬
Everyone likes
The building appears
Not to be
Come to
Come here
me.
He went to Canada from
I went to a restaurant
you have to
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
،
‫ﺗﺘـ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
I am delighted to
lose, you have to
I told you not to
We are sorry not
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬
)
٣
(
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴـﺒﲎ‬
‫ـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸـ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺒﲎ‬
‫ﻓﻴـ‬
Everyone likes to
The building appears
be deceive
to here.
Come here
.
Canada from
I went to a restaurant to
you have to practice
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
to have met your wife yesterday.
you have to
go skating.
not to have met your wife yesterday.
to +
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬
)
٤
(
‫ـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸـ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠـ‬ ‫ـﺒﲎ‬
‫ﻓﻴـ‬
to be admired.
The building appears to
deceived, you have to be careful.
here.
Come here
.
Canada from 1990 to
‫ﻟـ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
.
to eat.
practice well.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
met your wife yesterday.
you have to practice
go skating.
have met your wife yesterday.
+ be + Verb
to
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬
be admired.
to have been repainted.
you have to be careful.
here.
Come here
٧
.
to 1995.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻟـ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
eat.
well.
to +
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
met your wife yesterday.
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
to
.
practice well.
go skating.
have met your wife yesterday.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﲎ‬
Verb.3
to + have
be admired.
have been repainted.
you have to be careful.
here.
.
. ‫ﺇﱃ‬
١٩٩٥
.
to +
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
eat. ‫ﻛﻞ‬
.(
+ have +
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ‬
.
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
met your wife yesterday.
not
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺪﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
.
go skating. .
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
.
have met your wife yesterday.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﲎ‬
have + been
be admired.
have been repainted..
‫ﺣﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬
you have to be careful.
.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍ‬
١٩٩٠
‫ﺇﱃ‬
+ Verb.1
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻞ‬
/
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺪﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
.
+ Verb.3
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ‬
met your wife yesterday.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺪﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﰿ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
have met your wife yesterday.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
)
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﲎ‬
been +
not to
.
be admired. ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻳ‬
.
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻎ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲎ‬
.
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﻲ‬
.
‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
1
‫ﻣﻄﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
)
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺪﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
3
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻷﻧ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﲣﺴﺮ‬
،
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺪﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﰿ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻷﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸـ‬
+ Verb.3
not to + be + Verb
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻎ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲎ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻉ‬
،
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
:
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻝ‬
(
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻟ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻮﺯ‬
،
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﲣﺴﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
(
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸـ‬
Verb.3
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻎ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲎ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺨ‬
to
-
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻝ‬
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
٤
(
٥
(
-

135. I want
I want you
I went
(I will
I walked
(I will/I'll)
She went
(I am
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
I want to
I want you
I went to
I will/I'll)
I walked
(I will/I'll)
She went
I am/I'm)
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
to go.
I want you to go with me.
to see him.
/I'll) stay here
I walked up to the tree.
(I will/I'll) stay here
She went with me.
/I'm) with you.
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
،
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
go.
go with me.
see him.
stay here up to
the tree.
stay here (until
me.
you.
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
me , you , him , her , it , us , them
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
go.
go with me.
see him.
up to Saturday.
the tree.
until/up to
you.
‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
:
me , you , him , her , it , us , them
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
٨
go.
go with me.
see him.
‫ﺣﱴ‬
.
Saturday.
the tree.
up to/till) Saturday.
you.
‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
me , you , him , her , it , us , them
‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﹾ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬
.
go.
go with me.
see him.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
Saturday.
the tree.
.
Saturday.
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
me , you , him , her , it , us , them
‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
go.
go with me. ‫ﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
see him. ‫ﺃﺭﺍﻩ‬
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
.
the tree. ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
.
Saturday. ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
.
together
.
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
me , you , him , her , it , us , them
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
to
‫ز‬
‫ن‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
go. ‫ﹾ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺑﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
till
.
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺰﻣ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺑﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
together
‫ﻣﻌ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.

‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
-ing
.
(
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹾ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
)
‫ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺑﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
(
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺑﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
together
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌ‬
‫ﻚ‬
.
١
(

‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
٢
(
‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
-s
‫ﺃﻭ‬
ing
with
until
up to
٦
(
١
(
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
١
(
١
(
١
٢

136. ‫ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒـ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
.
Tom is waiting for his sister
into
‫ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
Tom is waiting for his sister
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
into
on
‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
Tom is waiting for his sister
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
.
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬
.
:
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻤﺎ‬
on
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
:
Tom is waiting for his sister at
٩
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
:
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
at
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
into
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
:
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
:
.
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
at the bank
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﳓﻮ‬
:
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
into
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬
.
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
.
the bank.
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
into
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﳓﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
at
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
on
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
horseback
from
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬
at , on , in
‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬
.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
.
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
at
‫ﻭ‬
into
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﳓﻮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
by
‫ﻭ‬
on
foot
‫ﻭ‬
horseback
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
of
‫ﻭ‬
from
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
of
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
at , on , in
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
-
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
foot
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
at
:
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻡ‬
on
:
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
-
-
-
-
-

137. ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
Please
Please
I finished from my work.
I finished my work.
He needs to a pen.
He needs a pen.
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
Please answer to my question
Please answer
I finished from my work.
I finished my work.
He needs to a pen.
He needs a pen.
The players are practicing
The boxers are
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
answer to my question
answer my question.
I finished from my work.
I finished my work.
He needs to a pen.
He needs a pen.
The players are practicing
boxers are
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
answer to my question
my question.
I finished from my work.
I finished my work.
He needs to a pen.
He needs a pen.
The players are practicing
boxers are in the ring
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
answer to my question.
my question.
I finished from my work.
He needs a pen.
The players are practicing on
the ring.
١٠
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
He needs a pen.
‫ﻣﻄﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
(
the field
‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
:
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
.
(
He needs a pen.
‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ! ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬$%‫ا‬
.
) .
‫ﻣﻄﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
the field.
‫ﻣﻄﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
(
‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﻓﻀﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
(
He needs a pen.
‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ! ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬$%‫ا‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
) .
‫ﺍﳊﻠﺒﺔ‬
) .
‫ﻣﻄﻮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺮﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﻓﻀﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
He needs a pen. ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ! ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬$%‫ا‬
‫ﻳﺘﺪﺭﺑﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻼﻛﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
(
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻓﻀﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ! ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬$%‫ا‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺒ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺪﺭﺑﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
in
:
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﻛﻤﻮﻥ‬
−
١
(
‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ! ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬$%‫ا‬

138. ١١
She reached to the school.
She reached the school. ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
They entered to the room.
They entered the room. ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
We visited him in the next day.
We visited him the next day. ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﺯﺭﻧﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
You can join to us.
You can join us. ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
:
He is knocking the door.
He is knocking at the door. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﻉ‬
.
Please remind me his name.
Please remind me of his name. ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﲰﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﱐ‬
.
He can reply her inquires.
He can reply to her inquires. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬
.
She waited you.
She waited for you. ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
I went a walk.
I went on a walk. ‫ﻧﺰﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
Don't argue him.
Don't argue with him. ‫ﲡﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.

139. ١٢
٣
(
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
:
Be careful from that man.
Be careful of that man. ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻦ‬
.
He is good in English.
He is good at English. ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
He is sitting on the table.
He is sitting at the table. ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
Look to the picture.
Look at the picture. ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
.
I am angry from him.
I am angry with him. ‫ﻣﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺿﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
She is afraid from the dog.
She is afraid of the dog. ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
He threw a stone on the cat.
He threw a stone (at/into) the cat. ‫ﺭﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬
.
She was laughing on him.
She was laughing at him. ‫ﺗﻀﺤﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
.
She was happy from him.
She was pleased with him. ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
.
I walked until the tree.
I walked up to the tree. ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
until
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
.

140. ١٣
−
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺔ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
:
He was accused of stealing. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
I am accustomed to hot weather. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬
.
She is afraid of dogs. ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﺎﻑ‬
.
She agrees with him. ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻔﻖ‬
.
He is angry with her. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺿﺐ‬
‫ﺎ‬
.
The matter was apparent to him. ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺿﺤ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
.
He will argue with them. ‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
They will arrive at the village. ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ‬
.
He was ashamed of his conduct. ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺧﺠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
I am astonished at the matter. ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺪﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
They believe in god. ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
He is careful of his health. ‫ﺑﺼﺤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
Can I comment on this? ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱠﻖ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺃﻋ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫؟‬
She always complains of the heat. ‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺬﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
The team is composed of ten players. ‫ﻻﻋﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬
The week consists of seven days. ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
.
The mountains are covered with snow. ‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻄﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
.
He cured of his illness. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻲ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺮﺱ‬
.
The U.S. Congress corresponds to the British Parliament
She depends on herself. ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
My book is different form yours. ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﰊ‬
.
She was dressed in black. ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
I was engaged in reading. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
She is engaged to her cousin. ‫ﻋﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳐﻄﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
He failed in history. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.

141. ١٤
They feed of rice. ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻐﺬﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
It is full of oil. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﳑﻠﻮﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
.
Get out of here. ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ‬
.
He is good at mathematics. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
He is incapable of running. ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
She always insists on her opinion. ‫ﺭﺃﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
He is interested in music. ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
She is jealous of her sister. ‫ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
He is knocking at the door. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
Look at the picture. ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
.
She was laughing at him. ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺤﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
Can you listen to me? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺇﱄ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
She is married to a rich man. ‫ﻏﲏ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺰﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
They are pleased with you. ‫ﻣﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺮﻭﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
I prefer tea to coffee. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
He is proud of his father. ‫ﺑﺄﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻪ‬
.
Please remind me of his name. ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﲰﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﱐ‬
‫ﻓﻀﻠﻚ‬
.
He can reply to her inquires. ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
Are you satisfied with your marks? ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻚ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
I am searching for my book. ‫ﻛﺘﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﲝﺚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
My book is not similar to his. ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﰊ‬
.
He is sitting at the table. ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
I am sure of his honesty. ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺛﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
I want to talk to you. ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻠ‬
‫ﻤﻚ‬
.
He threw a stone (at/into) the cat. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
Are you tired of reading? ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ؟‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻠﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
I am waiting for a job. ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬
.
I walked up to the tree. ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.

142. ١٥
I went on a walk. ‫ﻧﺰﻫﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.

143. ١٦
Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
1) There is an explanation of photosynthesis … chapter 11.
A. at
B. in
C. of
D. to
E. None
2) The answers to the problems are … page 227.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. to
E. None
3) You have to be … least 18 to vote.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. to
E. None
4) When did the U.S. send the first men … the moon?
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. to
E. None
5) Are you going to the meeting … Friday?
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. to
E. None
6) The professor wrote several comments … my paper.
A. in
B. on
C. about
D. to
E. None

144. ١٧
7) The search … the source of the Nile took many years.
A. for
B. from
C. by
D. at
E. None
8) The land was valued … $10,000,000.
A. at
B. for
C. in
D. to
E. None
9) I am going to talk … Clark.
A. to
B. on
C. with
D. in
E. None
10) I am really good … German.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. with
E. None
11) There was no agreement … the type of copy protection to offer.
A. at
B. for
C. on
D. to
E. None
12) This book expresses … me.
A. about
B. with
C. in
D. at
E. None
13) He is opposed … tax cuts.
A. at
B. for
C. on
D. to
E. None

145. ١٨
14) Seven people were severely injured in the accident, according … doctors.
A. by
B. to
C. with
D. at
E. None
15) I need more time to study; I'm not ready … the test.
A. for
B. of
C. in
D. at
E. None
16) Excuse me, sir. May I ask … you a question?
A. at
B. for
C. to
D. about
E. None
17) Billy, where have you been? You're covered … mud!
A. on
B. with
C. for
D. to
E. None
18) Are you going to the Padres game … this Friday?
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. by
E. None
19) The professor made several comments … my ideas.
A. in
B. on
C. about
D. to
E. None
20) His teaching style is consistent … his personality.
A. in
B. on
C. to
D. with
E. None

146. ١٩
- Question (21); complete these sentences with the correct preposition (in, at, from, to, on):
21) George and Mary are _____ England. They live _____ London, _____ an old house. They
go _____ work by bus. They work _____ 09.00am _____ 02.00pm. They do not work _____
the afternoons and often stay _____ home then. _____ Saturdays they often visit friends or
play tennis _____ the local club.

147. ١

148. ٢
-
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﲎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﳎﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
.
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠـﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌـﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
Active
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
:
Active
‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬
Passive
.
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻗﺘ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
) .
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﲏ‬
Active
.(
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻞ‬
) .
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﲏ‬
Passive
.(
-
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺋـﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺤﺬﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
،
‫ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
Auxiliary Verb
،
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬
.
-
‫ﻭﺗﺒﲎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
،
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻏﺔ‬
by + Subject
،
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
with + Subject
،
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
He
him , She
her …
-
‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺟﺪﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺻﻴ‬
‫ﻎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺯﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻫـﺬ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺳـﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻢ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
:
-
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
:
Subject + Verb.2 + Object
-
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
Object + + Verb.3
Introduction
:
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
Passive Voice
:
was
were

149. The car
Irregular
Carlos
John
The car was stolen
Irregular
Carlos was killed
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
John killed
1) They to
2) They broke
My car was
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
The window was broken
was stolen
‫ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Irregular
was killed
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
killed Carlos
They took my car away.
They broke the window.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
My car was taken away
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
The window was broken
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
:
was stolen.
‫ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
was killed by John
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
Carlos.
my car away.
the window.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
ken away
the window
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
The window was broken
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
me
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
steal
‫ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
steal -
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
John.
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
my car away.
the window.
my car
ken away by them
the window
The window was broken by them
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
me , him
you ,
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
٣
steal
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
stole -
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
Carlos
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
my car away.
the window.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
my car
by them.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
by them.
‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
him , her , i
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
was
.
ou , us , them
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
were
.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ .
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
steal
- stolen
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ .‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
:
my car away.
the window.
took
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
broke
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
it
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
them
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹶﺖ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
my car away. .
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
ok
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
broke
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹶﺖ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺖ‬
stolen
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
:
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
They
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﺕ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﰐ‬
.
They
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬
.
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﹶﺖ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
stolen
Verbs
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻘﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
They
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﺕ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﰐ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
They
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
Verbs
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺝ‬
١
٢
-
-

150. The bridge
The
‫ﻷﻥ‬
S
The bridge
The mountain
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
by
‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
Snow covers the mountains.
The bridge is repaired
mountains are covered
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
now covers the mountains.
Subject + Verb
Object + + V
is repaired everyday.
are covered
with
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
now covers the mountains.
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
:
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
:
Subject + Verb
Object + + V
everyday.
are covered with
،
‫ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
with
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
now covers the mountains.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
him
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
you ,
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
٤
Subject + Verb.1
Object + + V
everyday.
with snow.
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
snow
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
.
now covers the mountains.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
am
is
are
him , her ,
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
is
.
ou , us , them
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
are
.
me
:
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
am
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
:
1 + Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
Object + + Verb.
everyday.
.
‫ﹼ‬
‫ﻄ‬‫ﻏ‬
‫ﺎﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
now covers the mountains.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
, it
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
them
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
me
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
+ Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
erb.3
everyday.
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﹼ‬
‫ﻄ‬‫ﻏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
now covers the mountains.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
everyday. ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
.
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻄﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﱪ‬
snow
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻄﻲ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺴﺮ‬
‫ﱠﺢ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺼ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻐ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻄ‬
‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﻄﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
snow
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
‫ﻳﻐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻄﻲ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
-
-
‫ﺍﳉﺴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
-
-
-

151. John
The city hall
The
John is been
The city hall
The Council is rebuilding the city
1) The w
2) My wife calls me darling
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
The sheep
I am called da
Subject + + Verb
Object
is been ask
The city hall is been
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
ouncil is rebuilding the city
The wolves eat
wife calls me darling
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
The sheep are eaten
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
am called dar
Subject + + Verb
Object
asked.
is been rebuilt
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
ouncil is rebuilding the city
eat the sheep
wife calls me darling
the sheep
eaten by
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
rling by my wife
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
Subject + + Verb
Object + +
.
rebuilt by the
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
ouncil is rebuilding the city
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
the sheep.
wife calls me darling.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
the sheep
by the wol
me
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
ing by my wife
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
am
is
are
am
is
are
٥
Subject + + Verb
+ + being
.
by the Council
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
ouncil is rebuilding the city hall.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
.
eat
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
wolves.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
ing by my wife.
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
:
Subject + + Verb-ing + Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
being +
ouncil.
the council
.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
hall. ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
eat
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
call
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
ing + Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
+ Verb
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
the council
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻴﺎﻋﺰﻳﺰﻱ‬
.
The w
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
My wife
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
ing + Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
Verb.3
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﺩ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻑ‬
.
‫ﺗﺪﻋﻮﱐ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻴﺎﻋﺰﻳﺰﻱ‬
The wolves
‫ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺄ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﻑ‬
.
My wife
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻋﺰﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺄﻝ‬‫ﺴ‬
‫ﻳ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻠﺲ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻋﻮﱐ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﺄ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﻑ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻋﺰﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
-
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻠﺲ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﱵ‬
‫ﺝ‬
١
٢

152. Someone
The car
Someone
The car has been found
1) He is reading the book.
2) They are building the house.
The book
The house is being built
Subject +
Object +
Someone has been arrested
has been found
He is reading the book.
They are building the house.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
book is being
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
he house is being built
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
:
Subject +
Object +
has been arrested
has been found
He is reading the book.
They are building the house.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
is being read
the
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
he house is being built
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
:
me
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
Subject +
Object +
has been arrested.
by the police.
has
have
has
have
He is reading the book.
They are building the house.
the book
read by him
the house
he house is being built by them
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
him
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
me , you ,
٦
+ Verb
Object + + been
police.
have
He is reading the book.
They are building the house.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
the book
by him.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
house
by them.
‫ﲢﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
him , her ,
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
has
.
ou , us , them
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
have
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
:
Verb.3
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
+ been
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
:
read
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
.
build
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
.
‫ﲢﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
, it
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
them
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
+ Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
+ been + Verb.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
read
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
ld
‫ﲢﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
+ Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
erb.3
‫ﻞ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﺍ‬
.
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
.
He
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
They
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
He
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
-
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
-
-
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺝ‬
١
٢
-
-

153. T
The crime
A
‫ﻷﻥ‬
The police
The crime
A few of
1) The students
2) Someone has
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
We have been invited to the party
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
Her book has been stolen
‫ﻣﻌـﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
he police have
Subject +
Object +
The crime will be solved
of crimes
students
Someone has
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
We have been invited to the party
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
Her book has been stolen
‫ﻣﻌـﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
have found the car.
Subject +
Object +
will be solved
crimes will be committed
students have invited
Someone has stolen
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
us
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
We have been invited to the party
her book
Her book has been stolen
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌـﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
the car.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
will
Object + will
will be solved.
committed
invited us
her book.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
We have been invited to the party
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
her book
Her book has been stolen.
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
by some
٧
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
the car.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
will + Verb
will +
.
committed.
us to the party
her book.
invited
We have been invited to the party by the students
stolen
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
.
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
omeone
‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
.
the
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
:
+ Verb.1
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
+ be + V
.
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
:
to the party.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
invited
by the students
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
stolen
.
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
the police
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
+ Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
be + Verb.
.
‫ﹶﺐ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
.
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻕ‬
.
The students
.
by the students.
Someone
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
Someone
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
+ Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
erb.3
. ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﹶﺐ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻕ‬
students
‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎ‬
.
.
Someone
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬
‫ﹺﻕ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺳ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
Someone
Someone
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺜﺮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻟ‬

‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺎ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
Someone
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
-
-
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺝ‬
١
٢
-

154. The
She
can
.
Subject +
The car can be found
She must be told
1) He will kill
2) She will
Mark will be killed
The car
can , should
Subject +
Object +
can be found
must be told
He will kill Mark
will buy the car
will be killed
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
The car will be bought
, should , must
:
Subject + Aux Verb
Object +
can be found.
must be told.
Mark.
buy the car
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
will be killed by him
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
be bought
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
, must , …
Auxiliary Verbs
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Aux Verb
Object + Aux Verb
.
.
buy the car.
Mark
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
by him.
the car
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
be bought by her.
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
٨
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
Auxiliary Verbs
Aux Verb +
Aux Verb +
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
Mark
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
the car
.
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
Auxiliary Verbs
+ Verb.
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
:
+ be
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬
:
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
.
buy
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
Auxiliary Verbs
.1 +
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
be + Verb
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
kill
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
buy
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
+ Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
Verb.3
‫ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬
.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻊ‬
.
He
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
.
She
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺎﻉ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ‬
Object
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﹶﺮ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻌ‬
‫ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺟـ‬
/
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺎﻉ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
-
-
-
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺟـ‬
١
٢

155. 1) They should not park their cars there
Their cars should not be parked there
They should not park their cars there
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
Their cars should not be parked there
They should not park their cars there
their cars
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
Their cars should not be parked there
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
They should not park their cars there
their cars
Their cars should not be parked there
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
٩
They should not park their cars there
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
their cars
Their cars should not be parked there
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
:
They should not park their cars there. ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭ‬
.
park
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
.
Their cars should not be parked there by them
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
park

‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
by them.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻗﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍ‬
They
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬
.
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻗﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍ‬
.
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻗﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺝ‬
١
.

156. ١٠
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
Present Simple O + (am/is/are) + V.3
Present Progressive O + (am/is/are) + being + V.3
Present Perfect O + (has/have) + been + V.3
Present Perfect Progressive O + (has/have) + been being + V.3
Past Simple O + (was/were) + V.3
Past Progressive O + had being + V.3
Past Perfect O + had been + V.3
Past Perfect Progressive O + had been being + V.3
Future Simple O + will be + V.3
Future Progressive O + will be being + V.3
Future Perfect O + will have been + V.3
Future Perfect Progressive O + will have been being + V.3
Future in the Past O + (was/were) + going to be +
V.3
Used to O + used to be + V.3
Auxiliary Verb O + Aux Verb + be + V.3
be going to O + (am/is/are) + going to be +
V.3
‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
:
O : Object , V.3 : ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ا!ز‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ # ‫ول‬%
:

157. ١١
- Questions (1-9); rewrite these sentences beginning with the words in underline type:
1) They offered William a promotion.
2) They are testing the new system.
3) Someone reported that the riot was under control.
4) They may ban the film.
5) We have not used the car for ages.
6) The company has cut all salaries.
7) Employers must pay all travel expenses for this training course.
8) Nobody informed the college that there had been a mistake.
9) The news about the exam results distressed Sidney.
- Questions (10-17); choose the correct auxiliary verb to make sentence passive:
10) The castle … built in the 15th century.
A. was
B. is
C. has been
D. will be
E. None of all above.
11) Is he … arrested as we speak?
A. being
B. been
C. be
D. will be
E. None of all above.
12) All these houses … neglected for decades.
A. will be
B. are being
C. has been
D. have been
E. None of all above.
13) There is no question that they … delighted when they see her tomorrow.
A. have been
B. had been
C. were
D. will have been
E. None of all above.

158. ١٢
14) The children … taken to school by bus every day.
A. are
B. have
C. was
D. had
E. None of all above
15) I can assure you that this box … never been opened before I opened this morning.
A. was
B. will
C. is
D. had
E. None of all above.
16) How many times have you … your house broken into?
A. been
B. had
C. be
D. have
E. None of all above.
17) I'm sorry you can't come in at the moment because we … the house decorated right now.
A. have had
B. will have
C. had
D. are having
E. None of all above.

159. ١

160. ‫ﻣﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻭ‬
do not
I , You ,
He ,
.
‫ﻣﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬
won't
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
do not
I , You ,
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
He ,
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
will
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
I , You ,
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
-ing
.
‫ﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬
will
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
did not
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
-s
‫ﺃﻭ‬
ing
‫ﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻮﻑ‬
Auxiliary V
:
‫ﻧﻀ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
(
.
Auxiliary Verb
:
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
did not (
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
s
،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
٢
‫ﻭﺳ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻮﻑ‬
Auxiliary V
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﳜ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻥ‬
Auxiliary Verb
(didn't)
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺳ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
Auxiliary Verb
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
n't
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
am , may
‫ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
Auxiliary Verb
does not
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
does not (doesn't)
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ،‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬
s
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
:
Make of Negative
:
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
shan't
.
‫ﻭﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
can't
‫ﻭ‬
may
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
does not (doesn't
do not (don't)
:
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
.
does not (doesn't)
‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ،‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
did not (didn't)
:
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
Introduction
:
Make of Negative
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
:
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
shall not
‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬
)
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬
can't
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
(
‫ﺃﻭ‬
doesn't)
do not (don't)
We , They
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
does not (doesn't)
She , It
‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ،‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
did not (didn't)
‫ﺣﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
Introduction
‫ا‬
Make of Negative
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
shall not
‫ﻭﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
.
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
(
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
not
)
can
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
(don't)
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
do not (don't)
We , They
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
does not (doesn't)
She , It
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
did not (didn't)
‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
Introduction
‫ا‬
-
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
-
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
-
-
١
(
٢
(
-
-
-

161. ٣
١
-
١
/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
1) He plays football. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
s
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
does not (doesn't)
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳊ‬
‫ﺮﻑ‬
s
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
1) He (does not/doesn't) play football. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
2) You teach English. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
do not (don't)
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
2) You (do not/don't) teach English. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
١
-
٢
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
1) He is playing football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
is
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
1) He (is not/isn't) playing football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
2) You are teaching English. ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬

‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
are
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
2) You (are not/aren't) teaching English. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
3) I am walking. ‫ﺃﲤﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
am
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
3) I am not walking. ‫ﺃﲤﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.

162. ٤
١
-
٣
/
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
:
1) He has played football. ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
has
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
1) He (has not/hasn't) played football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
2) You have taught English. ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
have
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
2) You (have not/haven't) taught English. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﱂ‬

‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
.
١
-
٤
/
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
.
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
.
1) He has been writing a letter for two hours.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
has
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
.
1) He (has not/hasn't) been writing a letter for two hours.
2) I have been having lunch. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
have
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
2) I (have not/haven't) been having lunch. ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
٢
-
١
/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
1) He played football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
did not (didn't)
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
1) He (did not/didn't) play football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.

163. ٥
2) You taught English. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
did not (didn't)
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬
.
2) You (did not/didn't) teach English. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬
.
٢
-
٢
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
1) He was playing football. ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
was
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
1) He (was not/wasn't) playing football. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺻﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬
.
2) You were watching the TV when she cried.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
were
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺻﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬
.
2) You (were not/weren't) watching the TV when she cried.
٢
-
٣
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
:
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬
.
1) He had played football before his leg was broken.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
had
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻠﻌﺐ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬
.
1) He (had not/hadn't) played football before his leg was broken.
٢
-
٤
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
1) He had been studying English for two years before he got the job.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
had
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.

164. ٦

‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
1) He (had not/hadn't) been studying English for two years before he
got the job.
٣
-
١
/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:
1) He will go. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬
(
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
1) He (will not/won't) go. ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
٣
-
٢
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:
1) He will be sleeping. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
1) He (will not/won't) be sleeping. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
٣
-
٣
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
1) I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the
U.S.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻐﱵ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
.
1) I (will not/won't) have perfected my English by the time I come
back from the U.S.
٣
-
٤
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
:

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬
.
1) I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrives
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.

165. 1)
arrives
1)
1)
2)
2)
1)
1)
2)
2)
3)
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
) I (will not
arrives.
) He would go
) He (would not
) You were going to go
) You (were not
) I can go.
) I (cannot
) I should go.
) I (should not
) He has to travel
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
can not
will not/won'
He would go.
not
.
would not
You were going to go
were not
I can go.
not/can't
I should go.
not
.
should not/shouldn't
He has to travel
does not (doesn't)
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
cannot
‫ﻭﻟـﻴﺲ‬
can not
won't) have been waiting for two hours
.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
would not/wouldn't
You were going to go
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
.
were not/weren't
I can go.
not
.
can't) go.
I should go.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
shouldn't
He has to travel to Portugal
does not (doesn't)
‫ﻜﺘـﺐ‬
cannot
have been waiting for two hours
.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
wouldn't) go.
You were going to go.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
weren't) going to go.
I can go.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
) go.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
shouldn't) go.
to Portugal.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
does not (doesn't)
not
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻜﺘـﺐ‬
٧
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬
.
have been waiting for two hours
.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
) go.
.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
) going to go.
I can go.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
) go.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
) go.
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬
not
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬
have been waiting for two hours
.
would
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
were
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
) going to go.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
) go.
should
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
s
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
can
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
have been waiting for two hours when
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
would
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
were
) going to go.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
can
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
should
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
.

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
when her plane
٤
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
. ‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
. ‫ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
٥
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
s
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
can't
.
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻦ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬
her plane
٤
‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺘﺬﻫﺐ‬
٥
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
-
‫ﻧﻀ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
her plane
‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
-

166. 3)
4) He is a hero.
4) He
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
) He (does not/doesn't
) He is a hero.
) He (is not
You have
You have a
You (have
You (have not
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
)
‫ﻻﺣـﻆ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
do not (don't)
‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
You (do not
You (do not
does not/doesn't
) He is a hero.
is not/isn't
ve to travel to Portugal.
You have a pen
have not/
have not/haven't) a
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
do not (don't)
do not/don't
do not/don't
does not/doesn't) have to travel to Portugal.
) He is a hero.
not
.
isn't) a hero.
to travel to Portugal.
pen.
haven't
haven't) a
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼـﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
do not (don't)
don't) to travel to Portugal.
don't) have a pen.
) have to travel to Portugal.
) He is a hero.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
not
a hero.
to travel to Portugal.
.
haven't) to travel to Portugal
haven't) a pen.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
do not (don't)
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼـﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
) to travel to Portugal.
) have a pen.
٨
) have to travel to Portugal.
) He is a hero.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
a hero.
to travel to Portugal.
) to travel to Portugal
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
do not (don't)
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
have
‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼـﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
) to travel to Portugal.
) have a pen.
) have to travel to Portugal.
) He is a hero.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
to travel to Portugal.
) to travel to Portugal
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
have
) to travel to Portugal. .
) have a pen.
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.
) have to travel to Portugal.
) He is a hero.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
is
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
have
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
have
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
have
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
have
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬
.
) have a pen.
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
) He is a hero.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻲ‬
:
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬
.
:
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﻷﻭﱃ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
to
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
have
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
have
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
have
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
) have a pen. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
) He is a hero. ‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺑﻄ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
‫ﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
to
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺑﻄ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬

167. ‫ﰲ‬
(Do not
(Do not
(Do not
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﰲ‬
Do not/Don't
Do not/Don't
Do not/Don't
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
.
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
.
He has
He (does
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
He (does not
- have +
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬
Don't) worry.
Don't) eat
‫ﻏﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ 
‫ﻦ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،
.
Don't) be
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،
‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
a pen.
es not/do
does not (doesn't)
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
does not/don't
have + -s
Do not (
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬
worry.
eat this.
‫ﻏﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ 
‫ﻦ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،
be stupid.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﻃﻼﻗ‬ ،
،
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
doesn't) has
does not (doesn't)
don't) have a pen.
has
Do not (Don't
worry.
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﺃﻏﺒﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻏﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬ 
‫ﻦ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،
stupid.
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﳍﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﻃﻼﻗ‬ ،
‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
has a pen
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
does not (doesn't)
ve a pen.
has
٩
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻀﻊ‬
Don't)
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،
.
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻏﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎ‬
.
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻏﺒﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻞ‬
،
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
pen.
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
s
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
have
.
ve a pen.
has
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻀﻊ‬
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،
‫ﺗﺄﻛﻼ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﻏﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
have
ve a pen.
has
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
:
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻘﺎ‬
.
،
‫ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻏﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﱐ‬
.
،
‫ﻻ‬
never
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
has
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻘﻲ‬
.
،
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻲ‬
.
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻏﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﱐ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
never
never
‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻲ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬
.
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
has
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬
.
never
:
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻖ‬
.
،
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ‬
never
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
‫ﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬
:
‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬
never
-
-
-
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬

168. ‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
I have
He has
I have
I don't have a pen
،
‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
I have no
He has no
I have no
I will talk to you later.
He teaches English.
He can play basketball.
I will never
He never
He can
I don't have a pen
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
no pen.
no car.
no idea.
I will talk to you later.
He teaches English.
He can play basketball.
never talk to you.
never teaches English.
He can never play basketball.
I don't have a pen
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
I will talk to you later.
He teaches English.
He can play basketball.
talk to you.
teaches English.
play basketball.
‫ﻧﻜﺘـﺐ‬
:
I don't have a pen
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
I will talk to you later.
He can play basketball.
talk to you.
teaches English.
play basketball.
١٠
I have a pen
‫ﻧﻜﺘـﺐ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ‬
play basketball.
I have a pen
‫ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
never
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
:
I have a pen
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻲ‬
never
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
.
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
.
‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
.
have no
:
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
have no
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
‫ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
-
have no
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

169. ١١
Change these sentences to negative:
1) I like cheese.
2) We're married.
3) She has an old house.
4) He plays tennis on Saturdays.
5) I've already been to the bank.
6) I need some money.
7) I had lunch at 2 o'clock.
8) He's going to work.
9) I have a lot of cars.
10) I've already seen the tower of London.
11) He'll be having lunch at that time.
12) I had a shower at 4 o'clock.
13) We live in Madrid.
14) I've ever seen a snake.
15) He likes going to work. (use never)

170. ١

171. ٢
-
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻬـﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
-
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑـ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
:
-
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬
Yes
‫ﺃﻭ‬
No
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺼﺎﻏﺎﻥ‬
:
Yes, + Subject + Aux Verb
No, + Subject + Aux Verb + not
-
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
Auxiliary Verb
:
‫ﻧﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
،
‫ﻭﻧﻜﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
،
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
?
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
Auxiliary Verb
:
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Do
‫ﺃﻭ‬
Does
‫ﺃﻭ‬
Did
:
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Do
:
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
I , You , We , They
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Does
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
s
،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
He , She , It
‫ﺍﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ،‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
s
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Did
:
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
.
-
‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
:
Introduction
:
‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
Making Questions
:

172. ٣
١
-
١
/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
1) He plays football. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
s
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Does
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺣـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬
s
‫ﺁﺧـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
1) Does he play football? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻠﻌﺐ‬
1) Yes, he does. OR No, he (does not/doesn't).
2) You teach English. ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬

‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
Do
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
2) Do you teach English? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ؟‬
1) Yes, I do. OR No, I (do not/don't).
١
-
٢
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
1) He is playing football. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
is
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
.
1) Is he playing football? ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
1) Yes, he is. OR No, he (is not/isn't).
2) You are teaching English. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
are
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
.
2) Are you teaching English? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ؟‬
1) Yes, I am. OR No, I am not.

173. ٤
١
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/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
1) He has played football. ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
has
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
.
1) Has he played football? ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
1) Yes, he has. OR No, he (has not/hasn't).
2) You have taught English. ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
have
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
.
2) Have you taught English? ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ؟‬
1) Yes, I have. OR No, I (have not/haven't).
١
-
٤
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
:
‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
.
1) He has been writing a letter for two hours.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
has
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
.
‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﳌﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
‫؟‬
1) Has he been writing a letter for two hours?
1) Yes, he has. OR No, he (has not/hasn't).
2) You have been having lunch. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
have
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
.
2) Have you been having lunch? ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ؟‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬
1) Yes, I have. OR No, I (have not/haven't).

174. ٥
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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
1) He played football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
Did
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬
.
1) Did he play football? ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
1) Yes, he did. OR No, he (did not/didn't).
2) You taught English. ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
Did
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
2) Did you teach English? ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ؟‬
1) Yes, I did. OR No, I (did not/didn't).
٢
-
٢
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
:
1) He was playing football. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
was
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
.
1) Was he playing football? ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
1) Yes, he was. OR No, he (was not/wasn't).
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺻﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
.
2) You were watching the TV when she cried.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
were
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺻﺮﺧ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫؟‬
2) Were you watching the TV when she cried?
1) Yes, I was. OR No, I (was not/wasn't).

175. ٦
٢
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/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻗ‬
‫ﻪ‬
.
1) He had played football before his leg was broken.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
had
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫؟‬
1) Had he played football before his leg was broken?
1) Yes, he had. OR No, he (had not/hadn't).
٢
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٤
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺼ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
1) He had been studying English for two years before he got the job.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
had
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺼ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫؟‬
1) Had he been studying English for two years before he got the job?
1) Yes, he had. OR No, he (had not/hadn't).
٣
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١
/
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:
1) He will go. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬
.(
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
1) Will he go? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
)
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬
(
‫؟‬
1) Yes, he will. OR No, he (will not/won't).
٣
-
٢
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:
1) He will be sleeping. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
)
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
1) Will he be sleeping? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
)
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
/
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‬
‫؟‬
1) Yes, he will. OR No, he (will not/won't).

176. ٧
٣
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٣
/
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﱵ‬
‫ﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
1) I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the
U.S.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻛﻤﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫؟‬
1) Will I have perfected my English by the time I come back from the
U.S?
1) Yes, you will. OR No, you (will not/won't).
٣
-
٤
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬
.
1) I will have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrives.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
‫ﺳﺄﻛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ‬
‫؟‬
1) Will I have been waiting for two hours when her plane arrives?
1) Yes, you will. OR No, you (will not/won't).
٤
/
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
:
1) He would go. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
will
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
1) Would he go? ‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
1) Yes, he would. OR No, he (would not/wouldn't).
2) You were going to go. ‫ﺳﺘﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
were
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
2) Were you going to go? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺘﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫؟‬
1) Yes, I was. OR No, I (was not/wasn't).

177. ٨
٥
/
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
:
1) I can go. ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
can
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
1) Can I go? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬
‫؟‬
1) Yes, you can. OR No, you (cannot/can't).
2) He should go. ‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
should
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
2) Should he go? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫؟‬
1) Yes, he should. OR No, he (should not/shouldn't).
3) He is a hero. ‫ﺑﻄﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
should
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
3) Is he a hero? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ؟‬
1) Yes, he is. OR No, he (is not/isn't).

178. ‫ﻻﺣـﻆ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
You have to travel to Portugal.
You have a
Have you travel to Portugal?
Have you a
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
)
‫ﻻﺣـﻆ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
Do you have to travel to Portugal?
Do you have a pen?
He has
Does he has
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
Does he
You have to travel to Portugal.
You have a pen
Have you travel to Portugal?
ou a pen?
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
you have to travel to Portugal?
you have a pen?
a pen.
Does he has a pen
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
he have a pen
You have to travel to Portugal.
pen.
Have you travel to Portugal?
pen?
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
Do
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
you have to travel to Portugal?
you have a pen?
.
pen.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
have a pen?
You have to travel to Portugal.
.
Have you travel to Portugal?
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌـ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
you have to travel to Portugal?
you have a pen?
.
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
Does
٩
You have to travel to Portugal.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
Do
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
have
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
you have to travel to Portugal?
you have a pen?
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
s
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
You have to travel to Portugal.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
have
you have to travel to Portugal? ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ؟‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
you have a pen?
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
:
You have to travel to Portugal. ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
have
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
have
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬
have
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
have
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ؟‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
you have a pen?
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
:
has
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
have
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬
.
:
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
to
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
have
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
have
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
have
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ؟‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
you have a pen? ‫ﹰ؟‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻠﻚ‬
.
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
has
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬
have
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
‫ﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
to
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ؟‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﹰ؟‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺱ‬
/
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﳝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺝ‬
/
‫ﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﹰ؟‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﲤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻟﺮﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻞ‬

179. ‫ﺿـﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌـﲎ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉـﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
Which?
‫ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺿـﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﲟﻌـﲎ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉـﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻭ‬
Which?
‫ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
I , You , We , They
‫ﺃﻭ‬
- have +
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺿـﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻜﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉـﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
Who?
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
I , You , We , They
have + -s
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻢ؟‬
.
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
،
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻜﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀـﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻥ‬
?
‫ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
I , You , We , They
has
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ؟‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻦ؟‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻦ؟‬
.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﳌﻦ؟‬
.
‫ﻣﱴ؟‬
.
‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ؟‬
.
‫ﻛﻴﻒ؟‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻢ؟‬
:
Auxiliary
:
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﻀـﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
(
.
Auxiliary Verb
:
‫ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
has
١٠
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ؟‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ؟‬
.
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ؟‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ؟‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
:
Auxiliary V
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
)
‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺣﻬ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
Auxiliary Verb
does
‫ﺃﻭ‬
did
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
has
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ؟‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎ؟‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬
Verb
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻀﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
?
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻗﻠﻴ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
Auxiliary Verb
do
‫ﺃﻭ‬
does
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
has
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
:
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
:
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
Who?
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻗﻠﻴ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
do
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
has
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
:
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬
Whom?
:
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬
Who?
What?
:
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
Which?
:
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
Where?
:
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
Whose?
:
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
When?
:
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
:
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
:
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
،
‫ﻭﻧﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬
،
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
has
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬
Who?
:
Whom?
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬
What?
Which?
‫ﻱ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫؟‬
.
Where?
Whose?
When?
Why?
:
How?
:
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬
(
‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺈ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﳜﺎﻟﻔ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
do
:
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
.
has ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
:
-
-
١
(
٢
(

180. ١١
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
does
:
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
s
،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
He , She , It
‫ﺍﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ،‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
s
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
did
:
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
.
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
،
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
?
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
1) Your name is Clark. ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬ .‫ﻛﻼﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻚ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
is
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
What
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
Clark
.
1) What is your name? ‫ﺍﲰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫؟‬
2) This pen is for John. ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻘﻠﻢ‬
‫ﳉ‬
‫ﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﳌﻦ؟‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
is
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Whose
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
for John
.
2) Whose is this pen? ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ؟‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬
2) Who is this pen for? ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ؟‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﳌﻦ‬
.
3) He was sick. ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻳﻀ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
.
‫ﻛﻴﻒ؟‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
was
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
How
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
sick
.
3) How was he? ‫ﻫﻮ؟‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
4) He has gone. ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
.
‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ؟‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
has
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
Why
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
.
4) Why has he gone? ‫ﺫﻫﺐ؟‬ ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬
5) He lives in Texas. ‫ﺗﻜﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺃﻳﻦ؟‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
s
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Where
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬
does
‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬
s
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬
in Texas
.
5) Where does he live? ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ؟‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬

181. ١٢
6) She left yesterday. ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬
.
‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ؟‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
Why
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬
did
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬
.
6) Why did she leave yesterday? ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬
‫؟‬
7) He died yesterday. ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﻣﱴ؟‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
When
‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
did
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﳓﺬﻑ‬
yesterday
.
7) When did he die? ‫ﻣﺎﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﱴ‬
8) He will leave the day after tomorrow. ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻏﺪ‬
.
‫ﻣﱴ؟‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬
‫ـﻮ‬
‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ـﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴـ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـ‬
will
‫ـﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻀـ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
When
‫ـﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻫـ‬ ‫ـﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳉـ‬ ‫ـﺬﻑ‬
‫ﻭﳓـ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
the day after tomorrow
.
8) When will he leave? ‫ﺳﻴﻐﺎﺩﺭ؟‬ ‫ﻣﱴ‬
-
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
Who?
:
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
،
‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
،
‫ﳏﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬
Who?
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
.
1) He travels everyday. ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺄﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
He
‫ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻀـﻊ‬
Who?
‫ﻧﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
:
1) Who travels everyday? ‫ﻳﻮﻡ؟‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
2) John met Mark. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬
.
‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﺄ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻝ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
John
:
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﳓﺬﻑ‬
John
‫ﳏﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ‬
Who?
‫ﻧﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
:
2) Who met Mark? ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫؟‬

182. ١٣
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
Mark
:
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
Who
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬
did
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
:
2) Who did meet John? ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫؟‬
2) Whom did meet John? ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
-
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
Which?
:
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
:
1) John went by his car. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
1) Which car of his cars did he go? ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺐ؟‬
2) He speaks German. ‫ﺍﻷﳌﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
2) Which language does he speak? ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫؟‬
3) They study in Oxford University. ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺴﻔﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﺳﻮﻥ‬
.
3) Which university do they study? ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺭﺳﻮﻥ؟‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
-
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
Don't you want to go? ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬
Yes, I do. OR No, I (do not/don't). .‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ،‫ﺑﻠﻰ‬
-
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻀ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
n't
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻵﺧـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
1) I (do not/don't) want to go. ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬
.
1) Why don't you want to go? ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬
2) She can go. ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
2) Can't she go? ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ؟‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
:

183. 3)
3)
1)
2)
3)
1)
2)
3)
) He is smart
) Isn't he smart?
) Why do
) Can she
) Is he not
How
) How many
) How much
) How many
He is smart.
he smart?
do you not
she not go?
not smart?
How +
How many eggs
How much money
How many kilos
many
much
.
he smart?
not want to go?
go?
smart?
+ + Noun
eggs are in
money was
much
.
kilos of sugar
many
much
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
.
he smart?
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬
:
want to go?
go?
smart?
Noun + A
are in the refrigerator
many
.
was on the table
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
much
of sugar do
many
.
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
١٤
.
he smart?
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
want to go?
smart?
+ Aux Verb
refrigerator
How
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
many
on the table?
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
How
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
do you want?
How
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
many
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
.
he smart?
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘ‬
want to go?
smart?
Verb +
refrigerator?
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
How
?
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
you want?
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
How
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
:
many
.
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
:
much
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
he smart?
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬
want to go?
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬
‫؟‬
smart?
+ Verb.1
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ؟‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
Noun
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
many
Noun
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
much
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﹰ؟‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺫﻛﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﹰ؟‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺫﻛﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬
1 + Object
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺟﺔ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬
eggs
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
money
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ؟‬
kilos
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
:
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
Noun
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
How
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
Noun
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
How
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﹰ؟‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺫﻛﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﹰ؟‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺫﻛﻴ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
Object
‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻀ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺟﺔ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
eggs
‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
money
‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
kilos
‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
-
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
-
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
-
‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
-
-

184. 4)
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
) How many
‫ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﺳـﺄﻟﻚ‬
...
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
.
) I don't know where he lives
) I can't remember wh
) I'm ask
) I have
) Could you tell me
) I don't know
) I can't remember
) I'm ask
) I have
) Could you tell me
How many , How much
How much far did you go?
How far did you walk?
How many letters
‫ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
...
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺳـﺄﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
t know where he lives
I can't remember wh
asking you
I have no any
Could you tell me
t know.
t remember
asking. W
have no any
Could you tell me
How many , How much
How much far did you go?
How far did you walk?
letters have you written this week?
many
‫ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
...
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
،
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
t know where he lives
I can't remember wh
you when the bus a
idea why she
Could you tell me where the
. Where does he live?
t remember. W
When does
idea. W
Could you tell me? Where is the office
How many , How much
How much far did you go?
How far did you walk?
have you written this week?
many
‫ﺍﲰﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
?
،
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
t know where he lives.
I can't remember what his name is.
when the bus a
idea why she left.
where the
here does he live?
What is his name?
does the bus a
Why did
Where is the office
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
How many , How much
How much far did you go?
How far did you walk?
١٥
have you written this week?
How
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﲰﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
?
at his name is.
when the bus arrives.
left.
where the office is?
here does he live?
is his name?
the bus arrive?
she leave?
Where is the office
Indirect Question
:
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
How much far did you go?
How far did you walk?
have you written this week?
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
How
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﲰﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
at his name is.
rrives.
.
office is? ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ؟‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
is his name?
rrive?
leave?
Where is the office?
Indirect Question
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
.
How much far did you go?
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ؟‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
have you written this week?
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
...
،
‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
.
at his name is. ‫ﺍﲰﻪ‬ ‫ﺬﻛﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬
.
‫ﹶ‬‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ؟‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
!#$ ‫ا‬ !% ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
Indirect Question
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
...
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
How much far did you go?
‫؟‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬
(
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ؟‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
letters
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
...
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
،
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
:
‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﲰﻪ‬ ‫ﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ؟‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
!#$ ‫ا‬ !% ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
...
How much far did you go?
‫؟‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
letters
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬

‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺄﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ؟‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﲣﱪﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
!#$ ‫ا‬ !% ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
-
‫ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
How much far did you go? ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫؟‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﻣﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
-
-
-
!#$ ‫ا‬ !% ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
-

185. I asked him
I asked him.
You are
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬
‫ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
don't
I asked him
I asked him.
You are a
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬
‫ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
don't
I have decided how much money do I need?
I have decided how much money I need.
I don't know is he coming?
I don't know if he is coming.
I asked him do you have a car.
I asked him. Do you
an English
,
،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
،
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
.
‫ﺔ‬
,
،
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
I have decided how much money do I need?
I have decided how much money I need.
I don't know is he coming?
don't know if he is coming.
.
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
:
do you have a car.
Do you have a car?
Englishman
‫ﺍﳉ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬
,
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺜﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺔ‬
I have decided how much money do I need?
I have decided how much money I need.
I don't know is he coming?
don't know if he is coming.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻖ‬
.
do you have a car.
have a car?
man, aren't you?
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
.
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
:
I have decided how much money do I need?
I have decided how much money I need.
I don't know is he coming?
don't know if he is coming.
١٦
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻖ‬
do you have a car.
have a car? :
, aren't you?
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﻮﻱ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬
n't
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬
,
،
‫ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
،
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
I have decided how much money do I need?
I have decided how much money I need.
I don't know is he coming?

‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﹶ‬‫ﻄ‬

‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
Question tags
:
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
I have decided how much money do I need?
I have decided how much money I need. ‫ﺃﺣﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
(
(

‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫؟‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬
:
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
:
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
didn't
،
‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Question tags
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺃﺣﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(

‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
n't
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
doesn't
‫ﺃﻭ‬
didn't
' ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
Question tags
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃ‬

‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
(
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
(
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
(
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
doesn't
' ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺃﺣﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻗﺎﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
-
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
' ‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
-

186. ١٧
-
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
:
1) He is from London, isn't he? ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
2) You can swim, can't you? ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
3) She will be here tomorrow, won't she? ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
4) She lives in Tokyo, doesn't she? ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻛﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،
5) You came last week, didn't you? ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺗﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﻴﺲ‬
-
‫ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬
:
1) She isn't here, is she? ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻴﺴ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
،
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬
2) You weren't here, were you? ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
3) I haven't finished yet, have I? ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،
4) They don't go to the cinema, do they? ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻴﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬

187. ١٨
- Questions (1-11); write the question for these statements:
1) This is my book. (Whose?)
2) We found it in the street. (Where?)
3) I live in Madrid. (Where?)
4) Sarah is playing basketball. (What?)
5) She's broken her leg. (How?)
6) To work, about 20 minutes by car. (How long?)
7) Mary's gone home. (Why?)
8) I'd like strawberry, please. (What flavor ice-cream…?)
9) We met him yesterday. (When?)
10) I'll stay at home and read a book, or go to the cinema. (What…rains this weekend?)
11) I'd buy a big house in the country. (What…the lottery?)
- Questions (12-23); select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
12) Choose the correct sentence:
A. There's a fly in your soup, is there?
B. There's a fly in your soup, isn't it?
C. There's a fly in your soup, isn't there?
D. None of all above.
13) Choose the correct sentence:
A. I think he's from India, doesn't he?
B. I think he's from India, don't I?
C. I think he's from India, isn't he?
D. None of all above.
14) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Let's go swimming, aren't we?
B. Let's go swimming, isn't it?
C. Let's go swimming, shall we?
D. None of all above.
15) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Pass me the salt, aren't I?
B. Pass me the salt, aren't you?
C. Pass me the salt, won't you?
D. None of all above.

188. ١٩
16) Choose the correct sentence:
A. We had better leave, hadn't we?
B. We had better leave, haven't we?
C. We had better leave, weren't we?
D. None of all above.
17) York is in English, ……
A. is it?
B. isn't it?
18) They've finished their homework, ……
A. have they?
B. haven't they?
19) Let's go out for a walk, ……
A. let we?
B. shall we?
20) Open the window, ……
A. don't you?
B. will you?
21) __________, can't he?
A. He can write
B. He can't sing
C. She can't read
22) __________, don't they?
A. We often talk to our neighbors
B. They don't often talk to our neighbors
C. They often talk to our neighbors
23) __________, aren't they?
A. Pat and John are from Mexico
B. Pat and John aren't from Mexico
C. Pat is from Mexico
- Questions (24-30); put the correct question tag:
24) Barbara could have helped you, ……?
25) He has a car, ……?
26) Angela has ordered pizza, ……?
27) Your friends enjoy swimming, ……?
28) They didn't go to Vienna last week, ……?
29) Mark got up at sever, ……?
30) Susan will be 14 next week, ……?

189. ١

190. ٢
−
‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﳚﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻮﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
.
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‬
:
-
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻞ‬
-
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
Time
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﱪ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
yesterday ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔ‬ , today ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ , tomorrow ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‬ , now ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ , then ‫ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ‬ ,
soon ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‬ , recently ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬ , afterward ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ , …
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
Place
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﱪ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
back ‫ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‬ , across ‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬ , in ‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ , on ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ , here ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ , there ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ,
above ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ , …
٣
(
‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬
Manner
:
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﱪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
well ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ , badly ‫ﺳﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ , hard ‫ﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ , fast ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ,
slowly ‫ﺑﻄﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ , quickly ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ , …
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
Frequency
:
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﱪ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
generally ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ‬ , rarely ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬ , always ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ , never ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ , sometimes ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬ ,
often ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ , …
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
Degree
:
‫ﺍﳊﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﱪ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
very ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ , much ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ , really ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﻘ‬ , quite ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ , too ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ , so ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ , …
٥
(
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
Interrogative
:
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
what ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ , when ‫ﻣﱴ‬ , where ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬ , how ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ , why ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬ , …
٦
(
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
Linking
:
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
however ‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ , firstly ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ , therefore ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ , nevertheless ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ , …
‫اوف‬ ‫ا‬
)
‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
(
Adverbs
:
Introduction
:

191. actually
also
mentally
:
Our new neighbor
How long have you lived
We arrived
After that we met her quite
However
I hope you will be
‫ﺗﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
It's a fast train.
It goes very fast.
actually
also ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
mentally ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻘﻠﻴ‬
long
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
Our new neighbor
How long have you lived
We arrived yesterday
After that we met her quite
However, we learned
I hope you will be
noisy
.
brotherly
‫ﺗﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
.
It's a fast train.
It goes very fast.
actually ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ , perhaps
oddly
, else ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻘﻠﻴ‬ , morally
long ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ , always
-ly
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
slow
Our new neighbor greeted us
How long have you lived
yesterday.
After that we met her quite
, we learned very little
I hope you will be really
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﳚﺮﻯ‬
:
noisy
noisily
full
.
brotherly
in a brotherly manner
.
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
It's a fast train.
It goes very fast.
:
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
, perhaps
oddly ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ , too ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
, morally ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴ‬
, always
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
slow ‫ﺑﻄﻲﺀ‬
bad ‫ﺳﻲﺀ‬
greeted us
How long have you lived here? (place)
. (time)
After that we met her quite frequently
very little
really happy.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﳚﺮﻯ‬
:
noisily
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
fully
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
brotherly
in a brotherly manner
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
It's a fast train.
It goes very fast.
٣
Comment
:
, perhaps ‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬ , maybe
‫ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ , wisely
Adding Limit
:
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ , only
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴ‬ , officially
:
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
, always ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ , never
Manner
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻲﺀ‬
slowly
‫ﺳﻲﺀ‬
badly
greeted us politely
? (place)
frequently
very little about her.
happy. (degree)
-ly
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﳚﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪﻟﻪ‬
i
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
‫ﻓﻨﺤﺬﻑ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
-ly
in a brotherly manner
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
It goes very fast.
Comment Attitude
, maybe ‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
, wisely ‫ﲝﻜﻤﺔ‬
Adding Limit
, only ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ , neither
Viewpoint
:
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
, officially ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﲰﻴ‬
Length of Time
:
, never ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ , just
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
Manner
slowly ‫ﺑﻄﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
badly ‫ﺳﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
politely. (manner)
? (place)
frequently. (frequency)
about her. (linking)
(degree)
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ‬
ly
y
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪﻟﻪ‬
ll
‫ﻓﻨﺤﺬﻑ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
in a brotherly manner
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
It goes very fast.
Attitude
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬ , surely
‫ﲝﻜﻤﺔ‬ , …
Adding Limiting
, neither ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
Viewpoint
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﲰﻴ‬ , strictly
Length of Time
, just ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
:
(manner)
(frequency)
(linking)
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
y
‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
ll
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
in a brotherly manner
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
It goes very fast.
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
surely ‫ﺭﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪ‬
ing
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ , …
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
Viewpoint
, strictly ‫ﺑﺼﺮﺍﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
Length of Time
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ , …
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
It goes very fast.
‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ,
‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
, …
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺼﺮﺍﻣﺔ‬ , …
(
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
(
‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
(
‫ﲝﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
(
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
(
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﳕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
It goes very fast. ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬
٧
(
‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
٨
(
‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
٩
(
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
١٠
(
-
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
-
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
-
١
(
٢
(
٣
(
٤
(

192. ٤
Strangely, she never talked about herself. (comment attitude)
She talked only about us and the weather. (adding limiting)
Personally, I found that annoying. (viewpoint)
Have you ever met anyone like that? (length of time)
-
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺱ‬
‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
be
‫ـﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
Linking Verbs
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
.
‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
:
He has run good. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
He has run well. )
‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
( ‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
good
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
run
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
be
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻧﻀـﻊ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺮﻑ‬
good
‫ﻫﻮ‬
well
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ‬ ‫ﳛﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬
be
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
.
He is well. ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
He is good. ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
-
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬
:
‫ﻟﻠﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻢ‬
:
١
(
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
)
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
(
:
‫ﺃ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
.
Occasionally John wakes up early. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
)
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
:(
‫ﺃ‬
-
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
)
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
.(
John has occasionally waked up early. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬
.
‫ﺏ‬
-
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
be
)
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
be
.(
John is occasionally asleep. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
‫ﺟـ‬
-
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
)
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
be
.(
John occasionally wakes up early. ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺔ‬
:
John wakes up occasionally. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
.

193. ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬:
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬: all
Go to there.
Go there.
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
:
: all of the book.
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬: all
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬:
all of them.
Go to there.
Go there.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
of the book.
all of the books.
: all of the oil.
of them.
Go to there.
Go there.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬
....
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
of the book.
of the books.
of the oil.
of them.
Go to there.
Go there.
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
:
Comment Attitude
Adding or Limiting
٥
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ، ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
....
of the books.
of the oil.
of them.
Go to there.
Go there.
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
Manner
Place
Time
Degree
Frequency
Linking
Comment Attitude
Adding or Limiting
Viewpoint
Length of time
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺎﻣﻠ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
of the books.
of the oil.
of them.
to
.
Go to there.
Go there.
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬
Manner
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬
Place
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬
Time
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
Degree
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬
Frequency
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
Linking
Comment Attitude
Adding or Limiting
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬
Viewpoint
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬
Length of time
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
of the books.
of the oil.
of them.
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
to
Go to there.
Go there.
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
Comment Attitude
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
Adding or Limiting
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻛﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
all + of +
:
.
.
.
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
Go to there.
Go there.
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
all + of +
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
.
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
.
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬
.
‫ﲨﻴﻌ‬
‫ﻨﺎ‬
.
all
:
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
Go to there. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
Go there. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
−
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
١
(
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬
all
-
-

194. ٦
٢
(
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
all +
:
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬: all the book.
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ : all the books.
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬: all the oil.
٣
(
+ all
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
:
We all enjoyed the play. ‫ﲨﻴﻌ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻨﺎ‬
.
You all are smart. ‫ﲨﻴﻌﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻀﻤﲑ‬
:
Would you like to buy anything else? ‫ﺁﺧﺮ؟‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
No, thank you. That's all. ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺷﻜﺮ‬ ،‫ﻻ‬
.
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
.
−
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
:
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺧﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
Although this computer is cheap, it is one of the best machines on the
market.
-
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴ‬
‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
.
-
another = an + other
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
another
‫ﻭ‬
other
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
other
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﲰ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
another
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
.
I don't like this one. Show me another things. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
I don't like this one. Show me another thing. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
I don't like this one. Show me other things. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
I will read the other books. ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻗﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻯ‬
.
although
:
another other
:

195. ٧
‫ﻛﻠﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﻥ‬
)
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻠﺒ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
/
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
.(
They have two dogs, and now they want another (dog/one)
-
‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
....
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
any
‫ﻭ‬
some
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
any
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
(
‫ﺃﻣـﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬
some
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺄﰐ‬
.
I want some eggs. ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬
.
Do you want any eggs? ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ؟‬
I don't want any eggs. ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬
.
-
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
، ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻛـ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
.
It looks as if it's going to rain. ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻤﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬
.
He works well as me. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠ‬
‫ﻲ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،
Because
.
)
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬
/
‫ﻷﻥ‬
(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻨﺪﺍ‬
،
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻵ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
.
(As/Because) Linda is the eldest, she has to look after the other
children.
-
because
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
because of
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
.
-
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
because
‫ﻭ‬
because of
‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻷﻥ‬
.
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
because
‫ﻭ‬
because of
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
because
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
because
of
‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
.
as
:
because/because of
:
any some
:

196. ٨
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﲤﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
.
We couldn't play tennis because it was raining.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬
.
We couldn't play tennis (because of/due to) the rain.
-
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻀﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﳌﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺘﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻼ‬
.
-
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‬
all
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
both
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﳌﺜﲎ‬
.
-
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
Both … and
:
Both his mother and father… ‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
...
٢
(
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
Both + of +
:
Both of the players. ‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻋﺒﲔ‬
.
Both of his mother and father… (and ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
٣
(
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
Both +
:
Both (the) players. ‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺒﲔ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‬
‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺼﻴﺔ‬
.
They both have similar tastes. ‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ‬
.
٥
(
both
+
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﲨﻊ‬
:
‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﳑﺘﺎﺯﻳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻦ‬
.
His father and mother were both excellent cooks.
٦
(
‫ﻛﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‬
:
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﳌﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺍﺏ‬
.
‫ﺳﺄﺷﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬
.
This dress is cheaper, but that one is more attractive. I think I'll buy
(both/both of them).
both
:

197. ٩
-
Concert Nouns
‫ﻭ‬
Abstract Nouns
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻛﺴ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬
.
-
Concert Nouns
:
‫ﻠﻤﺲ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
People: baby , woman , doctor, …
Things: wheel , knife , key , chair, …
Animals: horse , rabbit , snake , fish, …
Places: island , city , mountain , river, …
Substances: iron , flesh , skin , glass, …
Liquids: water , rain , milk, …
Gases: gas , air , steam , oxygen, …
-
Abstract Nouns
:
‫ﻠﻤﺲ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
love ‫ﺣﺐ‬ , knowledge ‫ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬ , answer ‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‬ , start ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ , education ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ,
information ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ , power ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ , history ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ , advice ‫ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺔ‬ ,
space ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ , time ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ , anger ‫ﻏﻀﺐ‬ , help ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ , research ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﲝﺚ‬ , …
-
Concert Nouns
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
Substance
‫ﻭ‬
Liquids
‫ﻭ‬
Gases
.
-
Abstract Nouns
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
deed
deeds , difficulty
difficulties , accident
accidents ,
example
examples , fact
facts , visit
visits ,
cause
causes , event
events , process
processes ,
poem
poems , month
months , …
Concert Abstract Nouns
:

198. ١٠
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬
/
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬
Present Condition
:
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
If + … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ … , … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
If I eat too much, I get fat. ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺁﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﲰ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
.
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻓﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ‬
.
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
If somebody waves a red flag, it usually means danger.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
When I eat too much, I get fat.
When somebody waves a red flag, it usually means danger.
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﲤ‬ ،‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬
/
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﱃ‬
First Condition
:
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
If + … ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ … , … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻠ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺲ‬
،
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﻋﻚ‬
.
If she eats all that ice cream, (she will/she'll) feel terrible.
!‫ا‬ #$‫ا‬
Conditional Clauses
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
:
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬

199. ١١
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺮﺿﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ،
.
If I have enough money, (I will/I'll) lend you.
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘ‬
‫ﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
:
‫ﺗﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﻋﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻠ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺲ‬
.
(She will/She'll) feel terrible if she eats all that ice cream.
‫ﺃﻗﺮﺿﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬
.
(I will/I'll) lend you if I have enough money.
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨ‬
‫ﳏﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺆ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﲤ‬
.
‫ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺜ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
Second Condition
:
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
unreal present
‫ﻭ‬
unreal future
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
If + … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ … , …WOULD
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺄ‬
،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻜﻨ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻧﻚ‬
.
If you didn't eat so much, (you would/you'd) lose your weight.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻧﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‬
.
(You would/You'd) lose your weight if you didn't eat so much.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﲟﺎ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
:
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬
:

200. If I worked har
If I have
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
.
If he lent me your bicycle tomorrow, I would
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻮ‬ ‫ﺣـﱴ‬
If I were
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻳ‬
it
(
He would
If I worked har
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
.
have a car, I would
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
If he lent me your bicycle tomorrow, I would
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻮ‬ ‫ﺣـﱴ‬
were you,
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻳ‬
He would
You would
If I worked hard, I'd be so
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
a car, I would
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
If he lent me your bicycle tomorrow, I would
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻑ‬
Third C
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
.
If + … ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
was
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻮ‬ ‫ﺣـﱴ‬
you, (I would/
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
) :
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻳ‬
He'd , She would
You would
We would
be so rich
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
a car, I would go to work
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
If he lent me your bicycle tomorrow, I would
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻑ‬
Third C
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻﺣﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿـ‬
was
would/I'd) get a job immediately.
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
He'd , She would
You would
You'd , They would
We would
١٢
rich.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
.
to work easily.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
If he lent me your bicycle tomorrow, I would
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
Third Condition
imaginary past
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ … , …WOULD HAVE
were
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿـ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
get a job immediately.
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
He'd , She would
You'd , They would
We'd , I would
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﻴ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﲜﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
easily.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
If he lent me your bicycle tomorrow, I would
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
ondition
imaginary past
… , …WOULD HAVE
‫ﻭﺿـﻊ‬
were
It
.

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
get a job immediately.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
،
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳏﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'd , It would
You'd , They would
We'd , I would
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﻴ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﲜﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﺭﱐ‬
‫ﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
If he lent me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home easily
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
unreal past
‫ﺃﻭ‬
imaginary past
… , …WOULD HAVE
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺿـﻊ‬
She
‫ﺃﻭ‬
It

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻠ‬

‫ﺖ‬
get a job immediately.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'd , It would
You'd , They would
They'd ,
We'd , I would
I'd
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﻴ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﲜﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﲜﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﺭﱐ‬
go home easily
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬
/
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
unreal past
… , …WOULD HAVE
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
He
‫ﺃﻭ‬
She

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
She'd , It would
It'd
They'd ,
I'd
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﻴ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﲜﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﲜﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﺭﱐ‬
go home easily.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
unreal past
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
It'd )
‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬
(
They'd ,
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﻴ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﲜﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺫﻫﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬ ،‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
-
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
−
-

201. ١٣
‫ﺩﺭﺳﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﲜﺪ‬
،
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﳒﺤﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
.
If (they had/they'd) studied hard, they would have succeeded.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
:
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻨ‬
‫ﺠﺤ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﲜﺪ‬
.
They would have succeeded if (they had/they'd) studied hard.
‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴ‬
‫ﻞ‬
.
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬
،
‫ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺨﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﳛﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﲟﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ،
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴ‬
‫ﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﻣﺴﻜﲔ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻟﻪ‬
!
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ،‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺻﻴﺐ‬
.
Poor man! If he had driven more carefully, he wouldn't have been
injured.
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻬﻮ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻴﺐ‬
.
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،
.
If Christopher Columbus hadn't discovered America, the history of
the world would have been quite different.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
،
‫ﻓﻠﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
.
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
.
If you'd lived in the 19th
century, you wouldn't have driven a car.
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺶ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
:

202. If you are hungry, have lunch
If he won't
If I wanted
Each girl in the class has homework.
Each of these rooms
When the children entered,
children was given a present).
Each rooms…
Each of rooms…
Each of
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
.
Do you and John know
Yes, we've talked to
If you are hungry, have lunch
won't agree, there will be
If I wanted something, I always get it.
girl in the class has homework.
of these rooms
When the children entered,
children was given a present).
rooms…
of rooms…
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﲨـﻊ‬
Each of
‫ﻫﺎﺗﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬




‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀـ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
.
Do you and John know
Yes, we've talked to
If + …
If you are hungry, have lunch
If + …
agree, there will be
If + …
something, I always get it.
girl in the class has homework.
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
.
of these rooms has
When the children entered,
children was given a present).
rooms…
of rooms…
rooms
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﲨـﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺗﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀـ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
Do you and John know
Yes, we've talked to each other
If + … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
If you are hungry, have lunch
If + … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
agree, there will be
If + … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
something, I always get it.
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
:
girl in the class has homework.
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
has a telephone.
When the children entered, (each
children was given a present).
rooms…
of rooms…
have
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
rooms
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺗﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀـ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
Do you and John know each other
each other
١٤
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
If you are hungry, have lunch.
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ … , …
agree, there will be a problem.
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ … , …
something, I always get it.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﹾ‬‫ﻞ‬
....
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
girl in the class has homework.
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
a telephone.
‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
.
each was given a present
children was given a present).
of rooms…
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
have
‫ﻭ‬ ،
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
each other?
each other before.
:
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ … , …
.
… , … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
a problem. ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻜﻮﻥ‬
.
… , … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
something, I always get it.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
girl in the class has homework.
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
was given a present
has
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
before.
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
:
… , … ‫ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
.
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺼﻞ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
girl in the class has homework. ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬
.
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
.
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
was given a present
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
has
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
each other
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
/
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ،‫ﺟﺎﺋﻊ‬
.
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺼﻞ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ‬
،
‫ﻛﻞ‬
was given a present/each of t
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
(
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
these rooms
‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬
each other
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬ ،‫ﺟﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺃﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺼﻞ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ‬
each of the
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
each
:
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
these rooms
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬
each other
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ،‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
−
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
each
-
-

203. ١٥
-
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
also
‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
She also plays tennis. ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬
.
-
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
else
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬
or
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬
otherwise
.
‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ،
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ‬
.
I am very busy, there is someone else help you.
‫ﺗﻐﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
.
You should leave it, (or else/otherwise) they will catch you.
-
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
،
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‬
if
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
I haven't even started it. ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
.
I wouldn't sell this house even if you gave me a million dollars.
−
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬
.
−
ever
‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬
never
.
−
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
at any time
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻗـﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻚ‬
at any time in your
life
.
−
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
ever
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﲨﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
:
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﻌﺒﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫؟‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬
:
‫ﺛﻌﺒﺎﻥ؟‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
(
Did you ever see a snake?
‫ﺃﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
.
I haven't ever seen such wonderful paintings.
else also
:
ever
:
even
:

204. ‫ﺃﻥ‬
Have you
This is the best
Every girl in the class has homework.
Every boy has to have a pen.
Every growing child needs milk.
Our cat had five kittens, and
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،
‫ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
Every one
(Each/Both)
He was carrying a suitcase in
He was carrying a suitcase in
Have you ever
the best
girl in the class has homework.
boy has to have a pen.
growing child needs milk.
Our cat had five kittens, and
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،
one of my parents…
/Both) of my parents…
He was carrying a suitcase in
He was carrying a suitcase in
‫؟‬
(
visited Paris
the best book I have
girl in the class has homework.
boy has to have a pen.
growing child needs milk.
Our cat had five kittens, and
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،
of my parents…
of my parents…
He was carrying a suitcase in
He was carrying a suitcase in
‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫؟‬
visited Paris?
I have ever
....
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
:
girl in the class has homework.
boy has to have a pen.
growing child needs milk.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺑﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬
.
Our cat had five kittens, and every
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
each
.
of my parents…
of my parents…
He was carrying a suitcase in
He was carrying a suitcase in
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
١٦
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
.
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
:
‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
ever seen.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﹾ‬‫ﻞ‬
....
girl in the class has homework.
boy has to have a pen.
growing child needs milk.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺑﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬
every one
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
of my parents…
He was carrying a suitcase in every hand
He was carrying a suitcase in each hand
child
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬
:
‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
seen.
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
girl in the class has homework.
boy has to have a pen.
،‫ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺑﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬
one of them was white.
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺜﲎ‬
two
‫ﺍﻷﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‬
(
hand.
hand.
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
boy
‫ﻭ‬
child
ever
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫؟‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
each
.
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
girl in the class has homework. ‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬
.
‫ﺘﲔ‬
:
‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬
.
‫ﺣﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬
.
‫ﻫﺮﺭ‬
‫ﺓ‬
،‫ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‬
of them was white.
every , each
:
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺏ‬
.
parents
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
ever
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
each
‫ﻛﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴ‬
‫ﺘﲔ‬
every +
:
‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻤﻮ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬
every + one
:
‫ﲬﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺮﺭ‬
of them was white.
every , each
each
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
parents
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺯﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻫﺬ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
every +
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻃﻔﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻤﻮ‬
every + one
‫ﻗﻄ‬
‫ﺘ‬
‫ﲬﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
every , each
every
‫ﻭ‬
each
every
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
every
:
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
-
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬ‬
−
‫ﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
−
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
−
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
١
(
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
٢
(
every + one
‫ﻗﻄ‬
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
every
every
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
every
-

205. ١٧
-
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
get + noun phrase
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﳛﺼﻞ‬
obtain
.
He got the car from his friend. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
get + adjective
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬
become
.
You will get fat. ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲰﻴﻨ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
get + place
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
arrive
.
When I get home, I will phone you. ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺗﺼﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
get + noun + noun
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﳚﻠﺐ‬
fetch
.
I will get you something to eat it. ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺄﺟﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬
.
٥
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
get + noun + adverb
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬
take
.
I have to get some money. ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
.
٦
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
get + noun + to + Verb.1
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﲡﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
make someone do something
.
They tried to get me to sign. ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﳚﻌﻠﻮ‬
‫ﱐ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺳﺠﻞ‬
.
−
‫ﻭﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
get
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
١
(
get to
:
‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
...
،
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
.
Leave it with me; I’ll get to it later. ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻﺣﻘ‬
.
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺅﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻗﻔﻬﻢ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
.
When they get to arguing, we’ll never stop them.
٢
(
get out
:
‫ﳜﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ ،
.
٣
(
get up
:
‫ﻳﻨﻬﺾ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻒ‬ ،
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
Microsoft Encarta®
get
:

206. ١٨
-
‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
.
-
here there
‫ﳘﺎ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
.
-
here
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
-
there
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ،
.
-
‫ﳝﻜ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
here , there
‫ﺍﻟ‬
‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
be
.
There are cats.
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻂ‬
.
I'll meet you there.
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺄﻗﺎﺑﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
.
-
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
here
‫ﻭ‬
there
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬
in , up , down , over
.
It is (in) here. ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
You must be careful (up) here. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
home
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳝﻴﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
from , at
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ،
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
.
Go home. ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﺫﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
.
I am at home. ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
.
I am going to home. ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
.
I left the home. 
‫ﺕ‬‫ﻏﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
.
-
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬
-ing
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
.
He is playing tennis. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
She was driving at 120mph. ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
١٢٠
‫ﻣﻴﻞ‬
/
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
.
here there
:
home
:
‫ل‬%'‫أ‬
-ing forms
:

207. ١٩
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
.
I have been working since 7:00. ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
-ing
‫ﺍﲰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
.
swim ‫ﻳﺴﺒﺢ‬
swimming ‫ﺳﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ , cook ‫ﻳﻄﺒﺦ‬
cooking ‫ﻃﺒﺦ‬
Swimming is my favorite sport. ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﱵ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
-ing
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬
.
bore ‫ﻳﻀﺠﺮ‬
boring ‫ﻣﻀﺠﺮ‬ , fascinate ‫ﻳﻔﱳ‬
fascinating ‫ﻓﺎﺗﻦ‬
٥
(
‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
(see , hear , feel , watch , smell , notice)
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
.
We saw them leaving the house. ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
I could smell the burning. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ‬
.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
I can hear someone coming. ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﲰﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺁﺗﻴ‬
.
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
-
instead
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
instead of
‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
.
-
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻼ‬
instead
‫ﻭ‬
instead of
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ،
‫ﻣﻦ‬
in place of
.
-
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
instead
‫ﻭ‬
instead of
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
instead
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
instead of
‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫؟‬
I'm sorry I can't give you a cup of tea. Would you like a cup of coffee
instead?
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﰐ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻚ‬
.
You can help me to clean the kitchen instead of sitting here.
instead/instead of
:

208. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
Let
.
Let him
(Let us/
I like potato.
،‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
He would
What would you
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
:
My mother works
My mother works
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،
.
‫ﺭﺍﺟـﻊ‬
Let + Object
him talk.
/Let's) walk
potato.
،‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
would like a coffee.
What would you
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
My mother works
My mother works
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻗﻬـﻮﺓ‬
.
Object + Verb
talk.
walk.
potato.
want
،‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
a coffee.
What would you like to do?
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
My mother works like
My mother works as a teacher.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
.
‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
Verb.1
talk.
potato.
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬
want
a coffee.
to do?
‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
as
‫؟‬
a slave.
a teacher.
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
.
٢٠
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
talk.
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳝﻴﻞ‬
...
.
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
to do?
‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
a slave.
a teacher.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
if
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
، ‫ﻳﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﳝﻴﻞ‬
would
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻛـ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
.
‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
a teacher.
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
if
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
Let's
.
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
، ‫ﳛﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
، ‫ﻳﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬
.
would + like
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧ‬
.
‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
، ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻛـ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
a teacher.
‫ﻛﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
like
coffee
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
Let us
‫ﺇﱃ‬
Let's
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻉ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
، ‫ﳛﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬
/
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬
(
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
like
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺐ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺤﺮﻑ‬
، ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
.
a teacher. ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬
coffee
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
Let us
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
.
‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻤﺸﻰ‬
.
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
let
:
like
:
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬
-
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬
-
‫ﻟﻪ‬
١
(
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
٢
(
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
٣
(
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬
let
like
-
-

209. ٢١
It looks like if it's going to rain. ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻤﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‬
It looks as if it's going to rain. ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻤﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
−
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
perhaps
،
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓ‬ ‫ﻭﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
may
.
−
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
maybe
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺄﰐ‬
maybe
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
may
.
−
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
maybe
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬
may
.
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬
:
He may be coming. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺁﰐ‬
.
Maybe he is coming.
You may be a doctor. ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﺒ‬
.
Maybe you are a doctor.
They may have gone to shop. ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ‬
.
Maybe they went to shop.
−
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
maybe
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
may
.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
:
Maybe he will go. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺬﻫﺐ‬
.
He may will go. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
(
-
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺜﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬
.
−
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
:
١
(
‫ﲨﻊ‬
+
of
+
neither
.
I like neither of them. ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻼ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬
+
neither
.
Neither machine works. .‫ﺗﻌﻤﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
٣
(
Noun Phrase
+
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
+
neither
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
too
.
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
She can't play today, and neither can her brother.
maybe
:
neither
:

210. ٢٢
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﲡﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﺎﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﲡﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬
.
You won't find it hot, but neither will you be freezing cold.
٤
(
neither … nor
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻻ‬
...
‫ﻭﻻ‬
...
.
Neither my boss nor his wife can cook. ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺦ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‬
.
٥
(
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻀﻤﲑ‬
.
Which of these two clothes is yours? ‫ﻟﻚ؟‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
Neither (of them)! ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬
.
-
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﳌﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
،
، ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘ‬ ، ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﻃﻼﻗ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
-
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
never
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
‫ﻳﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
.
I will never talk to you. ‫ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
/
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﻃﻼﻗ‬
.(
I will not never talk to you. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
I will not ever talk to you. (never ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ever ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻷﻥ‬
-
Noun Phrase
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﳝﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
.
-
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
Noun Phrase
‫ﺑﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺩ‬
determiner
.
-
‫ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
determiner
...
‫ﺇﱁ‬
.
-
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
determiner
:
١
(
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
a , an , the
.
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
my , his , her , John's , …
.
٣
(
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
this , that , these , those
.
٤
(
all , some , any , every , each , either , neither , one , another
.
never
:
Noun Phrase
:

211. ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﰲ‬
The
My father
He gave
The boy
،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﳎـﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﰲ‬
The dog jumped
I paid (over
My hand is
My hand is
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺴـﺎﻥ‬
many , much , more , most , few
.
whatever , wherever , whichever , …
.
The City Center
My father gave
gave it to her
boy went out.
determiner
،
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﳎـﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
The dog jumped
over/more than
My hand is upon
My hand is over
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺴـﺎﻥ‬
many , much , more , most , few
what? , which? , whose?
.
whatever , wherever , whichever , …
Center - An old
The pen
gave my mother
her.
went out. They
(
‫ﻫﻢ‬
determiner
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
The dog jumped over the fence.
more than
upon the table
over the table
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
many , much , more , most , few
what? , which? , whose?
whatever , wherever , whichever , …
An old man
pen - Mary's
my mother this book
They had eaten with
the , a , an
(
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
the fence.
more than) 50$ for this camera
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
:
the table.
the table.
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
٢٣
many , much , more , most , few
what? , which? , whose?
whatever , wherever , whichever , …
man - This
Mary's books
this book.
had eaten with
the , a , an , your
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
the fence.
for this camera
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
.
many , much , more , most , few
what? , which? , whose?
whatever , wherever , whichever , …
This book
books - those
.
had eaten with no light
, your , 's , those
Noun Phrase
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
more than
.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬
.
for this camera.
upon
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﻥ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
above
.
many , much , more , most , few , fewest , little , least
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
:
what? , which? , whose?
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
whatever , wherever , whichever , …
book - Your
those books
no light on the table
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
)
, 's , those
Noun Phrase
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺝ‬
.
more than
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬
over
‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬
upon
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
over
‫ﻭ‬
above
, fewest , little , least
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬
Wh-ever
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
Your cat - A
books
the table
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
Noun Phrase
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
more than
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
٥٠
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
over
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
over
, fewest , little , least
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
ever
‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
:
A book -
the table.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻗﻔ‬
‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
over
:
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
٥
(
, fewest , little , least
٦
(
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
٧
(
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
-
‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
-
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‬
٢
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻛﻈﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
over
-
-

212. ٢٤
٣
(
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
finished
.
That bell means that the class is over. ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‬
.
٤
(
over here
‫ﻭ‬
over there
:
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ‬
.
-
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻘـﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﲰﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ،‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
Reported
Speech
‫ﺃﻭ‬
Indirect Speech
.
-
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻛﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻮ‬
‫ﻝ‬
،
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﲑﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
:
-
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬




‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
I love you. ‫ﻚ‬‫ﺃﺣﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
He told her (that) he loved her. ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺄﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺒﻬﺎ‬
.
-
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬




‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
‫ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩﺋﲔ‬
.
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬
.
Be quiet. I'm talking on the phone.
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﺗﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺎﺩﺋﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤ‬
‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
She told us to be quiet while she was talking on the phone.
Where's Susan?
Well, why don't you ask her to
come over and talk to us?
She's over there
by the door.
‫زان؟‬ , -.‫أ‬
‫؟‬%/#01‫و‬ %/‫ه‬ 3‫إ‬ 5161 ‫أن‬ %7/ 8091 : ‫ذا‬%#، ً
%/
‫ب‬%@‫ا‬ 8A%$B ‫ك‬%/‫ه‬ %7A‫إ‬
.
‫ل‬ /#‫ا‬ ‫م‬F‫ا‬
Reported Speech
:

213. The rain
He said (that) the rain
She's been having
Mary's mother said (that) she
Italy.
I met you when you were a student.
She told me (that) she
I was driving
He told the police (that) he
accident happened.
I love Jane.
Jim admitted (that) he (loved/loves) Jane.
‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
The rain has stopped
He said (that) the rain
been having
Mary's mother said (that) she
you when you were a student.
She told me (that) she
was driving carefully when the accident happened.
He told the police (that) he
accident happened.
:
I love Jane.
Jim admitted (that) he (loved/loves) Jane.
Jane
‫ﺍﻟﻜـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
has stopped.
He said (that) the rain
been having a wonderful time in Italy.
Mary's mother said (that) she
you when you were a student.
She told me (that) she
carefully when the accident happened.
He told the police (that) he
accident happened.
‫ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
:
I love Jane.
Jim admitted (that) he (loved/loves) Jane.
‫ﳛﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
Jane
He said (that) the rain had stopped
a wonderful time in Italy.
Mary's mother said (that) she
you when you were a student.
She told me (that) she had met
carefully when the accident happened.
He told the police (that) he had been driving
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬
Jim admitted (that) he (loved/loves) Jane.
‫ﳛﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
٢٥
had stopped.
a wonderful time in Italy.
Mary's mother said (that) she had been
you when you were a student.
had met me when I was a student.
carefully when the accident happened.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
had been driving
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
Jim admitted (that) he (loved/loves) Jane.
Jim
‫ﳛﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
a wonderful time in Italy.
‫ﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺋﻌ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻗﺘ‬
.
been having
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
me when I was a student.
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﺩ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
.
carefully when the accident happened.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
had been driving
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
Jim admitted (that) he (loved/loves) Jane.
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
Jim
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
.
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺋﻌ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻀﻲ‬
.
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻗﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺋﻌ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻗﺘ‬
having a wonderful time in
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
me when I was a student.
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﺩ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
carefully when the accident happened.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
carefully when the
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟﲔ‬ ‫ﳛﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻢ‬
.
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬




‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬
.
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬




‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺋﻌ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻗﻀ‬
a wonderful time in
:
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬




‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
me when I was a student.
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬




‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﺩ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
carefully when the accident happened.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
carefully when the
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺟﲔ‬ ‫ﳛﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬




‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺋﻌ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬
a wonderful time in
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
:
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻨ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﺩ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
carefully when the
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺟﲔ‬ ‫ﳛﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻝ‬
.
-
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
-
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬
a wonderful time in
٢
(
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
-
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺎﻟﺒ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﲏ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
-
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻮﺩ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﲝﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
-

214. ٢٦
٣
(
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
:
can
،
will
،
shall
،
may




could
،
would
،
should
،
might
.
I can fly. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﲑﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
.
He said (that) he could fly. ‫ﺍﻟﻄﲑﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
I'll meet you at 10. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻗﺎﺑﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
He promised (that) he would meet her at 10. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
What shall we give Bill? ‫ﻟﺒﻴﻞ؟‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
They asked what they should give Bill. ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻌﻄ‬
‫ﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻴﻞ‬
.
The train may be late. ‫ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﺭ‬
.
He said (that) the train might be late. ‫ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬
:
You must relax. ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺮﺧﻲ‬
.
The doctor said (that) you must relax. ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺮﺧﻲ‬
.
‫ﻗﻤﻠﻚ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬
Would you mind lending me your pen?

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺳﺄﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﻳﺎ‬
.
I asked Maria if she would mind lending me her pen.
٤
(
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
:
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
.
I like ice cream. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺐ‬
.
He said (that) he liked ice cream. ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﳛﺐ‬
.
We enjoyed your singing. ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻐﻨﺎﺋﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻨﺎ‬
.
They said (that) they had enjoyed his singing. ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬
‫ﺑﻐﻨﺎﺋ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻪ‬
.

215. ٢٧
٥
(
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ‬
:
this




that
.
these




those
.
here




there
.
now




then
‫ﺃﻭ‬
at that moment
.
today




that day
.
yesterday




the previous day
.
tomorrow




the next day
.
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻫﺘﻨﺎ‬
.
This is our favorite walk.
‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻫﺘﻬﻢ‬
.
They said (that) that was their favorite walk.
‫ﻧﻔﻀﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
.
We like it here.
‫ﻳﻔﻀﻠﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
.
They said (that) they like it there.
‫ﺳﻨﺮﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬
We'll see you tomorrow.
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺳﲑﻭﱐ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬
.
They said (that) they would see me the next day.
‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻐﺎﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
.
We're leaving now.
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻚ‬
.
They said (that) they were leaving at that moment.

216. ٢٨
-
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
....
My son and you go to the same school. ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺒﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﲏ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
.
‫ﻣﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻭﻕ‬
:
‫ﻧﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬
.
Mark and I have the same taste: we like the same music, we read the
same books, and we watch the same TV programs.
-
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
:
the same + noun = noun phrase
.
-
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
so + (adjective/adverb/many/much)
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
very
.
Why are you (so/very) late? ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫؟‬
We had to buy so many things. ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﺳﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
and
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
.
We felt tired, and so we went to bed. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺒﻨﺎ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
that
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻲ‬ ،
.
Be quiet so (that) she can sleep. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎﺩﺋ‬ ‫ﻛﻦ‬
)
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
/
‫ﻛﻲ‬
(
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﺑﻴﻞ‬
،‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻣﲏ‬
.
Bill had lost his key, so he had to borrow it from me.
٥
(
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺤﺮﻑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
.
So what did you do? ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
٦
(
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
so
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬
that
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
I (hope/expect/believe) so. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
)
‫ﺃﲤﲎ‬
/
‫ﺃﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬
/
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻕ‬
(
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
.
٧
(
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
so
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬
that
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
I don't think so. ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
(the) same
:
so
:

217. ٢٩
٨
(
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬
too
.
‫ﻭﳓﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
They have played football, and so have I (= I have too).
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺬﻫﺒ‬
‫ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
They often go to the theater. So do I (= I do too).
-
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺰﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬ ،
.
We are still waiting to give him my order. ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺯﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻄﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﻨﺎ‬
.
-
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Subject + still + Verb.1
.
He still lives here. ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Subject + be + still + Verb-ing
.
We are still waiting. ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺯﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
٣
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
Subject + still + (has/have) + Verb.3
:
‫ﻳﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛـﺜﲑ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬
.
-
‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
that
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
:
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ، ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
.
That man is my friend. ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻲ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
.
The pen (that/which) I bought is on the table.
٣
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
It proves (that) you were his friend. ‫ﻳﱪﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
.
still
:
that
:

218. ٣٠
‫ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬

‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
Are you sure (that) you want to buy a car?
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
there + be + noun
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
.
There are cats. )
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
/
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻚ‬
(
‫ﻗﻄﻂ‬
.
Is there an apple? ‫ﻫﻞ‬
)
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
/
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
(
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ؟‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
there + (be + no/be + not) + noun
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.
There (are no/are not) apples. )
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
/
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
(
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺎﺕ‬
.
-
‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
-
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
too
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
either
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻴﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:
‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳛﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
John likes to play football, and Mary does, too.
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳛﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
John doesn't like to play football, and Mary doesn't, either.
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
He agreed with John, and I did too.
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
.
He didn't agree with John, and I didn't either.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
:
He didn't agree with John, and neither did I.
-
‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
too
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
too + adjective
‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
more than
is needed
.
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺬﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻲ‬
.
‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻐﺮ‬
.
This suit is too big for my husband. He needs a smaller size.
there is , there are
:
too either
:

219. ‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
If I had enough money, I would retire early.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
If you had
car.
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
،
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
If I had enough money, I would retire early.
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
If you had lived in the
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
.
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
If
If I had enough money, I would retire early.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
.
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
If + …
lived in the
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬
If + …
If + …
If + …
was
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
.
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
If + … ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
If I had enough money, I would retire early.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
If + … ‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
.
lived in the 19th
century, you wouldn't have driven a
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺶ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬
If + … WOULD
If + … were to
If + … ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
was
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
٣١
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ …
‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺍ‬
ً.
If I had enough money, I would retire early.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
.
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ , … WOULD HAVE
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
century, you wouldn't have driven a
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺶ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
WOULD … , …WOULD
were to … , …WOULD
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬ … , …WOULD
‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
were
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺿ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
would
.
unreal present
:
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
… , … WOULD
‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬

‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮﺍ‬
If I had enough money, I would retire early.
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
unreal past
:
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
, … WOULD HAVE
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
century, you wouldn't have driven a
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺶ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
unreal future
:
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ‬
… , …WOULD
… , …WOULD
… , …WOULD
unreal present time
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
It
‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
would
unreal present
, … WOULD
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬
،

‫ﺖ‬‫ﻟﻜﻨ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬
If I had enough money, I would retire early.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
unreal past
, … WOULD HAVE
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
century, you wouldn't have driven a
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺶ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
unreal future
… , …WOULD
… , …WOULD
… , …WOULD
Unreal Meaning
:
unreal present time
She
‫ﺃﻭ‬
It
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
unreal present
, … WOULD
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬
‫ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
unreal past
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
:
, … WOULD HAVE
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
century, you wouldn't have driven a
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺶ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
unreal future
… , …WOULD
Unreal Meaning
unreal present time
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
He
‫ﺃﻭ‬
She
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
:
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺸ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﻨ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
century, you wouldn't have driven a
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺶ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
:
Unreal Meaning
‫ﰲ‬
unreal present time
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
-
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
-

‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻘﺴﻢ‬
١
(
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
٢
(
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺶ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﲣﻴﻞ‬
٣
(
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻴﻎ‬
Unreal Meaning
-

220. If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
easily.
.
I prefer
I prefer
I like lying
I want eating
I like to lie
I want to
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮ‬
I remembered
I remembered
I want
I want
would lend
were to lend
lent
If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
:
I prefer watching
I prefer to watch
lying in bed late.
eating this.
to lie in the bed late.
to eat this.
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
:
remembered
remembered
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
I want knowing
I want to know
would lend
were to lend
lent
If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
watching horror films.
to watch horror films.
in bed late.
this.
in the bed late.
this.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
meeting
to meet
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
knowing what happen
know what happen
would lend
were to lend
If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﳜﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬
.
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
horror films.
horror films.
like
:
in bed late.
this.
in the bed late.
this.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
meeting her.
her.
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
what happen
what happen
٣٢
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬
love ,
:
horror films.
horror films.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
like , want , need , know
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
remember , forget
:
-ing
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
what happened.
what happened.
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﳍ‬
‫ﺎ‬
-ing
love , hate , prefer
horror films.
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ‬
, want , need , know
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
ً.
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮ‬
‫ﳍ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺎ‬
-ing
remember , forget
.
‫ﻭﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
ing
ed.
ed.
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻀ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻑ‬
hate , prefer
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻡ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻡ‬
.
, want , need , know
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻀ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﳍ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
remember , forget
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
ed.
‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬
(
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬
If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
hate , prefer
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
, want , need , know
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
‫ﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
remember , forget
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺭ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
Verb
:
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
ed.
‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﺭﱐ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬
If he me your bicycle tomorrow, I would go home
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬
‫ﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺭ‬
Verb-ing
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
ed. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
)
‫ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﲑﱐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
-
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
١
(
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
٢
(
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
١
(
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
ing
−

221. ٣٣
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺭﻗﺼ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
I won't forget dancing with him that night.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
.
I won't forget to dance with him that night.
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
try
:
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻔﻊ‬
.
I tried speaking to her about it, but she still wouldn't listen.
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
I tried to speak to her about it, but she wasn't there.
-
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﳍ‬
‫ﺎ‬
-ing
.
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬
:
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺗـ‬
‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
finish , enjoy , considerate , give up , feel like ,
suggest , imagine
I considerate to emigrating to Australia. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
I considerate emigrating to Australia. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺎﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
-
‫ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬
:
١
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﳊﱴ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
up to now
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ،
.
I haven't finished my job yet. ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
)
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
/
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﳊﱴ‬
(
.
٢
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
but
.
This chair is old, yet very comfortable. ،‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﺢ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ‬
nevertheless
.
،‫ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺧﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬
.
Her problems are increasing, (yet/nevertheless) she's still smiling.
yet
:

222. ٣٤
−
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬
:
My age is 20 years. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
I am 20 years. ‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻭ‬
ً‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
(
It is seven and half.
It is half past seven. ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇ‬
.
This book is to me.
This book is mine. ‫ﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
.
The right is with you.
You are right. ‫ﻣﻌﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ‬
.
York book is with me.
I have your book. .‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻚ‬
I opened the radio.
I turned on the radio. ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻐﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
I closed the radio.
I turned off the radio. ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
She sees herself very much.
She is very proud. ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
She was making herself ill.
She was pretending to be ill. ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
.
GH%!‫ا‬ ‫ء‬%9J‫ا‬
:

223. ٣٥
I took permission.
I got permission. ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﺫﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
Let us go from here.
Let us go this way. ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ‬
.
I saw her one time or two times.
I saw her once or twice. ‫ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
−
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
:
wanna
‫ﲟﻌـﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
want to
‫ﻭ‬
gotta
‫ﲟﻌـﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
got to
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
I , You , We , They
‫ﲨﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
.
I wanna go now - I want to go now. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
I gotta go - I got to go. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
-
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
:
gimme
‫ﲟﻌـﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
give me
‫ﻭ‬
gonna
‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﲟﻌﲎ‬
going to
.
Gimme the pen - Give me the pen. ‫ﺃﻋﻄﲏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬
.
I am gonna go - I am going to go. ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺄﺫﻫﺐ‬
.
-
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻳﻀﻌﻮﻥ‬
in
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
here
‫ﻭ‬
there
.
I'm here. ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I'm in here. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
I
‫ﻭ‬
me
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫؟‬
This is I. ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
This is me. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
-
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
I
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
too
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﺐ‬
me
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
I am too. ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
Me too. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
-
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
.
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
:
Let us go
Let's go. .‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﻧﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻨﺎ‬
%G‫ا‬ .K0$A:‫ا‬ L0‫ا‬
English Informal
:

224. ٣٦
−
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺨﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
Paragraphs
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺳـﻨﻌﺮﺽ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺮﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺮﲨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻨﺤﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
.
−
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬
.
−
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
.
٢
(
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﱰ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺘﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﻧﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
.
..
‫ﺇﱁ‬
.
٤
(
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
.
-
‫ﲢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺪﺙ‬
:
١
(
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
)
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ،‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ،‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ،‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
...
‫ﺇﱁ‬
.(
٢
(
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
.
٣
(
‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
.
−
‫ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻷ‬
:
‫ت‬:%#‫ا‬ B%N‫آ‬ P‫آ‬
Paragraphs
:

225. ‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
Car is a motor vehicle. It is walking on
asphalt
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
Chevrolet
approximately
it as you see it now.
‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬
‫ﻳ‬
.
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﻮﺭ‬
.
I saw a substance is made of rubber.
I saw a substance made of rubber.
I saw a man is killed.
I saw a man killed.
I saw a man as he is killed.
I know someone wanting this car.
I know someone wants this car.
Car is a motor vehicle. It is walking on
asphalt by something
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
Chevrolet, … etc.
approximately
as you see it now.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺮﻭﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻴﺪﺱ‬
...
‫ﺇﱁ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
I saw a substance is made of rubber.
I saw a substance made of rubber.
I saw a man is killed.
I saw a man killed.
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
:
I saw a man as he is killed.
I know someone wanting this car.
I know someone wants this car.
Car is a motor vehicle. It is walking on
something
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
, … etc. First
1908 AD
as you see it now.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺮﻭﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻴﺪﺱ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﺎ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
I saw a substance is made of rubber.
I saw a substance made of rubber.
I saw a man is killed.
I saw a man killed.
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
I saw a man as he is killed.
I know someone wanting this car.
I know someone wants this car.
.
Car is a motor vehicle. It is walking on
something made
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
First motor
AD by Europe
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
BMW
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺮﻭﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻴﺪﺱ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
I saw a substance is made of rubber.
I saw a substance made of rubber.
I saw a man is killed.
I saw a man killed.
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
I saw a man as he is killed.
I know someone wanting this car.
I know someone wants this car.
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬
-ing
.
٣٧
1) Car
Car is a motor vehicle. It is walking on
made of rubber
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
motor car working by
Europe, and then
(
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
BMW
١٩٠٨
‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
I saw a substance is made of rubber.
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
(
I saw a substance made of rubber.
I saw a man is killed.
I saw a man killed.
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
I know someone wanting this car.
I know someone wants this car.
State Verbs
‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ‬
Car
Car is a motor vehicle. It is walking on a substance
rubber, it is
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
working by
and then
١
‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﱰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬
١٩٠٨
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
I saw a substance is made of rubber.
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
I saw a man is killed.
I saw a man killed.
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
I know someone wanting this car.
I know someone wants this car. ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
State Verbs
substance
is called a
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
working by gasoline
and then America
.
‫ﻰ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﱰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
I saw a substance is made of rubber.
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺻ‬
I saw a man is killed.
I saw a man killed. ‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
I know someone wanting this car.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
State Verbs
substance called
a wheel
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
gasoline was made
America has developed
‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﺃﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻟﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﱰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬
the
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻠﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
I saw a substance is made of rubber.
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I saw a man is killed.
‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
I know someone wanting this car.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
want
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
called
wheel. There
are many types and colors of cars, one of them BMW, Mercedes,
made in
developed
‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺏ‬
.(
‫ﺃﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﱰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
the
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
I saw a substance is made of rubber. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I saw a man is killed. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﻞ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻘ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
I know someone wanting this car. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
want
There
in
developed
)
‫ﺩﻭﻻﺏ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﱰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬
-
-

226. ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓـﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.
‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻲ‬
‫ﱄ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻗﺎﻟـ‬
I was living at my sister and he
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
then I found a house burning. I went out
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
had passed out
house. The firemen saved me. Then I cried
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
cat.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓـﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻲ‬
.
‫ﱄ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻗﺎﻟـ‬
I saw a house is burning.
I saw a house burning.
I saw a house burned before.
I saw a burned house
I was living at my sister and he
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
then I found a house burning. I went out
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
passed out
house. The firemen saved me. Then I cried
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ‬
.

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓـﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣـﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺠﺄﺓ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬
.
I saw a house is burning.
I saw a house burning.
I saw a house burned before.
I saw a burned house
I was living at my sister and he
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
then I found a house burning. I went out
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
passed out. I woke up s
house. The firemen saved me. Then I cried
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬
،
‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣـﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻈ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺭﺃﻳ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
I saw a house is burning.
I saw a house burning.
I saw a house burned before.
I saw a burned house
I was living at my sister and he
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
then I found a house burning. I went out
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
I woke up suddenly
house. The firemen saved me. Then I cried
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺣﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬
،
‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘﺪ‬

‫ﻲ‬‫ﻭﻋ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲝﻴﺎﰐ‬
.
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
I saw a house is burning.
I saw a house burning.
I saw a house burned before.
I saw a burned house before.
٣٨
2) Risk
I was living at my sister and her husband's house. One day they
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
then I found a house burning. I went out
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
uddenly and I found myself out of the
house. The firemen saved me. Then I cried
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
٢
(
‫ﳐﺎﻃﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ،‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲝﻴﺎﰐ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
I saw a house is burning.
I saw a house burning.
I saw a house burned before.
. ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
(
Risk
r husband's house. One day they
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
then I found a house burning. I went out to see
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
and I found myself out of the
house. The firemen saved me. Then I cried Tommy
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
٢
‫ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱵ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﻯ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺭﺃﻳ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ،‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺻﺮﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲝﻴﺎﰐ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
I saw a house is burning.
I saw a house burning.
I saw a house burned before.
‫ﳏﺮﻭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﱰ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
r husband's house. One day they
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
to see the fire. I saw a
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
and I found myself out of the
Tommy
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
‫ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱵ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺧﺮﺟ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ،‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻘﺬﻭﱐ‬
.
‫ﺻﺮﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
.

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
I saw a house is burning.
I saw a house burning. ‫ﳛﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﱰ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
(
I saw a house burned before.
‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﳏﺮﻭﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﱰ‬
r husband's house. One day they
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
the fire. I saw a
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
and I found myself out of the
Tommy's still inside. I
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
‫ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱵ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﱰ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺧﺮﺟ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻘﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬
.
‫ﺿﺮﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ،‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
I saw a house is burning.
‫ﳛﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﱰ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I saw a house burned before.
‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
r husband's house. One day they
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
the fire. I saw a
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
and I found myself out of the
inside. I
saw the woman again. She said me Tommy's OK and she was
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a
‫ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱵ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪ‬
‫ﳛﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﱰ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺩﺧﻠ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻘﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
.
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﲞﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬
I saw a house is burning. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﳛﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﱰ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I saw a house burned before. ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
)
‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
r husband's house. One day they
traveled for a period and I stayed alone. I looked from the window
woman crying Tommy, Tommy, Tommy's still inside. I entered the
house to save Tommy. After I entered, something had hit me and I
inside. I
carrying a cat. She said me this is Tommy. I have risked my life for a

‫ﺕ‬‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺩﺧﻠ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﲞﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻣﻲ‬
-
-

227. ‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺠﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻗﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻴﻮﻧ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘـﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
couldn't. I could feel something covering my face.
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
through the well from our room. It was an o
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
new people didn't stay ther
now.
‫ﻓﺠـﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻈﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﻛـﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻄﻌ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺠﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻗﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻴﻮﻧ‬
‫ﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘـﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
couldn't. I could feel something covering my face.
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
through the well from our room. It was an o
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
new people didn't stay ther
‫ﺍﺳﺘ‬
‫ﻴﻘ‬
‫ﻓﺠـﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻈﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻄﻌ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻈ‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺠﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻗﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻴﻮﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳉ‬
‫ﺪﺩ‬
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
couldn't. I could feel something covering my face.
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
through the well from our room. It was an o
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
new people didn't stay ther
،‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻈ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎ‬
3) The haunted house
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
couldn't. I could feel something covering my face.
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
through the well from our room. It was an o
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
new people didn't stay there very long. There is nobody living there
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺒﺢ‬
،‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺣﺎﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﻯ‬
.
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬
.
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺗ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.
٣٩
The haunted house
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
couldn't. I could feel something covering my face.
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
through the well from our room. It was an o
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
e very long. There is nobody living there
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺒﺢ‬
،‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺒﻜﻲ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺣﺎﻭﻟ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﳝﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﺤ‬
.
،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺭﻛﻀ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﻯ‬
‫ﳓﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺗ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
.
‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
The haunted house
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
couldn't. I could feel something covering my face.
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
through the well from our room. It was an old woman. After that we
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
e very long. There is nobody living there
٣
(
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
.
،‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻒ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺗﺒﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﳝﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﺤ‬
‫ﺎﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺭﻛﻀ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻌﺪ‬
‫ﳓﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺻﻮﺍﺗ‬ ‫ﲰﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
The haunted house
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
couldn't. I could feel something covering my face. I watched a ghost
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
ld woman. After that we
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
e very long. There is nobody living there
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻒ‬

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﳝﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺒﺤ‬
‫ﺎﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﲢﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬
.
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
I watched a ghost
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
ld woman. After that we
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
e very long. There is nobody living there
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻒ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ‬
.

‫ﺕ‬‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺮﺥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺎﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
.
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﲢﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
the
‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
I watched a ghost
walking toward the well. After it had disappeared, I woke up my
husband, but suddenly I heard a young son screaming in the next
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
ld woman. After that we
didn't like living in the house any more. They felt as if there were
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
heard voices in the middle of the night. We sold the house, but the
e very long. There is nobody living there
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﲰﻌ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺮﺥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ‬
.
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬
.
‫ﲢﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻃﻮﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
.
‫ﺍﻵ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ‬
the
We loved the house when we first moved in. Then two years after
moving in, I woke up suddenly one night. There was an old woman
standing at the foot of our bed. She was crying. I tried to shout, but I
I watched a ghost
bathroom. I ran to see what was wrong. He has seen someone moving
ld woman. After that we
eyes watching us all the time. Strange things started happening. We
e very long. There is nobody living there
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﲰﻌ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻃﻮﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
-

228. ٤٠
4) Crossing the border
The customs officer was suspicious when the man appeared at the
border crossing. He made him open his suitcase, but there was
nothing valuable in it. So the officer let him cross the border. Every
week after that the same thing happened. The man arrived and the
customs officer stopped him and searched his suitcase. Sometimes he
made the man wait for several hours, hoping he would confess, but
he always had to let the man go. He was sure that the man smuggling
something, but he never found anything.
The years passed and the customs officer became a senior customs
officer. He no longer worked on the customs desk, but every week
from his office window he saw the man arriving, and every week he
had the man stopped and searched by the customs officer, but
nothing was ever found.
Then the day came when the senior customs officer was to retire,
and he decided that before he left he would get the man to tell the
truth. So he got the customs officer on the desk to stop the man and
had him brought to the officer. 'I am retiring tomorrow,' he said. 'I
know that you have been smuggling all these years. Please tell me
what it is. I promise that I won't tell anyone.' The man looked at him,
smiled, and said, 'Suitcases.'
٤
(
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻌﱪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬
.
‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
.
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﲰﺢ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻌﺒ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﲝﺚ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬
.
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﳚﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺑﺪ‬
.
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺕ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺠﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬
.
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﳚﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺠﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻗ‬
‫ﻔ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺤـﺚ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
.
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰒ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﳜﱪﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
.
‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠ‬
‫ﺠﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﳛﻀﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬
،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺗﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬

229. ‫ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
I had sto
I had the man stopped.
‫ﺑﺴـﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻧـﺎ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﻙ‬
.
‫ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
I had stopped the man.
had the man stopped.
‫ﺑﺴـﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﻙ‬
borders
.
ped the man.
had the man stopped.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺴـﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬ ً‫ﺀ‬‫ﺭﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ‬
.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﲏ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﻙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬
borders
ped the man.
had the man stopped.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
٤١
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬ ً‫ﺀ‬‫ﺭﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
border
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
borders
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﻗﻒ‬
.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬ ً‫ﺀ‬‫ﺭﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
border
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
border
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
:
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
.
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﺭﺳﻠ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﺨﺼ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﺐ‬
.
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
.

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺟﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﺭﺳﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﺘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬ 
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬‫ﺟﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﺘﺴﻢ‬
-
-

230. ٤٢
Chapter 1:
1 C 6 C 11 B
2 B 7 C 12 A
3 D 8 A 13 C
4 A 9 B 14 C
5 C 10 A
Chapter 2:
1 E 6 A 11 B
2 C 7 D 12 E
3 E 8 C 13 D
4 D 9 E
5 E 10 B
Chapter 3:
1 B 6 B
2 B 7 C
3 A 8 A
4 A 9 C
5 B 10 A
Chapter 4:
1 C 11 B 21 D 31 C
2 D 12 B 22 B 32 A
3 A 13 B 23 C 33 B
4 C 14 E 24 D 34 D
5 C 15 D 25 A 35 B
6 D 16 B 26 A
7 C 17 C 27 D
8 A 18 A 28 B
9 C 19 C 29 B
10 B 20 D 30 B
Chapter 5:
1 B 11 A 21 False 31 the
2 A 12 D 22 a 32 non - non
3 A 13 B 23 non - the 33 non - the
4 B 14 C 24 an 34 the - a
5 C 15 True 25 the 35 an
6 C 16 False 26 an 36 the - the
7 A 17 False 27 non - non 37 a
8 B 18 False 28 a - the 38 a
9 A 19 False 29 the - the
10 C 20 False 30 the

231. ٤٣
Chapter 6:
1 A 6 E 11 B
2 C 7 D
3 B 8 A
4 D 9 B
5 B 10 D
Chapter 7:
1 B 6 A 11 D
2 C 7 B 12 D
3 A 8 B 13 B
4 B 9 A
5 A 10 B
Chapter 8:
1 B 6 B 11 C 16 E
2 C 7 A 12 E 17 B
3 A 8 A 13 D 18 E
4 D 9 A 14 B 19 C
5 C 10 B 15 A 20 D
21 from - in - in - to - from - to - in - at - On - at
Chapter 9:
1 William was offered a promotion.
2 The new system is being tested.
3 The riot was reported to be under control.
4 The film may be banned.
5 The car has not been used for ages.
6 All salaries have been cut.
7 All travel expenses for this training course must be
paid by employers.
8 The college was not been informed that there had
been a mistake.
9 Sidney was distressed by the news about the exam
results.
10 A 13 E 16 B
11 A 14 A 17 D
12 D 15 D
Chapter 10:
1 I don't like cheese.
2 We aren't married.
3 She doesn't have an old house.
4 He doesn't play tennis on Saturdays.
5 I haven't been to the bank yet.
6 I don't need any money.
7 I didn't have lunch at 2 o'clock.
8 He isn't going to work.
9 I don't have a lot of cars.
10 I haven't seen the tower of London yet.
11 He won't be having lunch at that time.

232. ٤٤
12 I didn't have a shower at 4 o'clock
13 We don't live in Madrid.
14 I have never seen a snake.
15 He never likes going to work.
Chapter 11:
1 Whose is this book?
2 Where did you find it?
3 Where do you live?
4 What is Sarah playing?
5 How has she broken her leg?
6 How long does it take you to get to work by car?
7 Why has Mary gone?
8 What flavor ice-cream would you like?
9 When did we meet him?
10 What will you do if it rains this weekend?
11 What would you do if you won the lottery?
12 B 16 A 20 A
13 C 17 B 21 A
14 C 18 B 22 C
15 C 19 B 23 A
24 couldn't she
25 doesn't he
26 hasn't she
27 don't they
28 did they
29 didn't he
30 won't she

233. ١

234. ٢
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
:
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬
*
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﲜﺎﻧﺐ‬
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ‬
A
abide * ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ abode abode
awake ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﻬﺾ‬ awoke awaken
arise * ‫ﻳﻮﻗﻆ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬ arose arisen
B
be/am/is/are ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ was/were been
bear ‫ﺗﻠﺪ‬ ، ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬ bore borne
beat ‫ﳜﻔﻖ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬ beat beaten
become ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ became become
befall ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ befell befallen
beget ‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﺠﺐ‬ begot begotten
begin ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ began begun
behold ‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ beheld beheld
bend ‫ﻳﻨﺤﲏ‬ bent bent
beseech ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻠﺘﻤﺲ‬ besought besought
beset ‫ﻳﻄﻮﻕ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺰﻋﺞ‬ beset beset
bet * ‫ﻳﺮﺍﻫﻦ‬ bet bet
betake ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ betook betaken
bethink ‫ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻣﻞ‬ bethought bethought
bid ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮ‬ bade bidden
bide * ‫ﻳﻘﺎﻭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬ bode bide
bind ‫ﻳﻘﻴﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬ bound bound
bite ‫ﻳﻠﺪﻍ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﺾ‬ bit bitten

235. ٣
bleed ‫ﻳﱰﻑ‬ bled bled
bless * ‫ﻳﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬ blest blest
blow ‫ﻳﻨﻔﺦ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻬﺐ‬ blew blown
break ‫ﻳﻨﻜﺴﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻜﺴﺮ‬ broke broken
breed ‫ﻳﻮﻟﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻠﺪ‬ bred bred
bring ‫ﳛﻀﺮ‬ ، ‫ﳚﻠﺐ‬ brought brought
broadcast ‫ﻳﺬﻳﻊ‬ broadcast broadcast
build ‫ﻳﺒﲏ‬ built built
burn * ‫ﳛﺘﺮﻕ‬ ، ‫ﳛﺮﻕ‬ burnt burnt
burst ‫ﻳﻨﻔﺠﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻔﺠﺮ‬ burst burst
buy ‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬ bought bought
C
can ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ could could
cast ‫ﻳﺮﻣﻲ‬ cast cast
catch ‫ﳝﺴﻚ‬ caught caught
chide ‫ﻳﻮﺑﺦ‬ chided chidden
choose ‫ﳜﺘﺎﺭ‬ chose chosen
cleave ‫ﻳﺸﻖ‬ cleft cleft
cline ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ clung clung
come ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬ came come
cost ‫ﻳﻜﻠﻒ‬ cost cost
creep ‫ﻳﺰﺣﻒ‬ crept crept
cut ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‬ cut cut
D
deal ‫ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ dealt dealt
dig ‫ﳛﻔﺮ‬ dug dug
do ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ did done

236. ٤
draw ‫ﻳﺮﺳﻢ‬ drew drawn
dream * ‫ﳛﻠﻢ‬ dreamt dreamt
drink ‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‬ drank drunk
drive ‫ﻳﺴﻮﻕ‬ drove driven
dwell * ‫ﻳﺴﻜﻦ‬ dwelt dwelt
E
eat ‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬ ate eaten
F
fall ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﻘﻂ‬ fell fallen
feed ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻢ‬ fed fed
feel ‫ﳛﺲ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻠﻤﺲ‬ felt felt
fight ‫ﻳﺘﺸﺎﺟﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺘﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ fought fought
find ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬ ، ‫ﳚﺪ‬ found found
flee ‫ﻳﻔﺮ‬ fled fled
fling ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺬﻑ‬ flung flung
fly ‫ﻳﻄﲑ‬ flew flown
forbid ‫ﳝﻨﻊ‬ ، ‫ﳛﻔﺮ‬ forbade forbidden
foreknow ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬ foreknew foreknown
foresee ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺒﺄ‬ foresaw foreseen
foretell ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻬﻦ‬ foretold foretold
forget ‫ﻳﻨﺴﻰ‬ forgot forgotten
forgive ‫ﻳﺼﻔﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻐﻔﺮ‬ forgave forgiven
forsake ‫ﻳﻬﺠﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻰ‬ forsook forsaken
freeze ‫ﻳﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬ froze frozen
G
get ‫ﻳﻨﺎﻝ‬ got U.S gotten
G.B got

237. ٥
give ‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ give given
go ‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬ went gone
grind ‫ﻳﻄﺤﻦ‬ ground ground
grow ‫ﻳﻨﺒﺖ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﻤﻮ‬ grew grown
H
hang ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻖ‬ hung hung
have ‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬ had had
hear ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬ heard heard
hide ‫ﳜﺘﺒﺊ‬ ، ‫ﳜﺒﺊ‬ hid hidden
hit ‫ﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬ hit hit
hold ‫ﳝﺴﻚ‬
‫ﳛﺘﻔﻆ‬ ، held held
hurt ‫ﻳﺆﺫﻱ‬ ، ‫ﳚﺮﺡ‬ hurt hurt
I
inlay ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻢ‬ inlaid inlaid
K
keep ‫ﻳﻈﻞ‬ ، ‫ﳛﻤﻲ‬ kept kept
kneel * ‫ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‬ knelt knelt
knit * ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﺐ‬ knit knit
know ‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬ knew known
L
lay ‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬ laid laid
lead ‫ﻳﺮﺷﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬ led led
lean * ‫ﳝﻴﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ leant leant
leap * ‫ﻳﻘﻔﺰ‬ leapt leapt
learn * ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬ learnt learnt
leave ‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ left left
lend ‫ﻳﻘﺮﺽ‬ lent lent

238. ٦
let ‫ﻳﺪﻉ‬ let let
lie ‫ﻳﻜﺬﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺪﺩ‬ lay lain
light ‫ﻳﺸﺘﻌﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺸﺮﻕ‬ lit lit
lose ‫ﻳﻔﻘﺪ‬ lost lost
M
make ‫ﳚﻌﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺼﻨﻊ‬ made made
may ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ might might
mean ‫ﻳﻌﲏ‬ meant meant
meet ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ met met
mislay ‫ﻳﻀﻴﻊ‬ mislaid mislaid
mislead ‫ﳜﺪﻉ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻀﻠﻞ‬ misled misled
misspend ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺩ‬ misspent misspent
mistake ‫ﳜﻄﺊ‬ mistook mistaken
misunderstand ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺊ‬ misunderstood misunderstood
mow * ‫ﳛﺼﺪ‬ mowed mowed
O
outdo ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻬﺰﻡ‬ outdid outdone
overbear ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺒﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻬﺮ‬ overborne overborne
overcast ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻢ‬ overcast overcast
overcome ‫ﻳﻨﻬﻚ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻬﺮ‬ overcame overcome
overdo ‫ﻳﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ overdid overdone
overfeed ‫ﻳﺘﺨﻢ‬ overfed overfed
overrun ‫ﳚﺘﺎﺡ‬ overran overrun
oversee ‫ﻳﻔﺤﺺ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺮﺍﻗﺐ‬ oversaw overseen
oversleep ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ‬ overslept overslept
overtake ‫ﻳﻔﺎﺟﺊ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ overtook overtaken
overthrow ‫ﻳﺪﻣﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻬﺰﻡ‬ overthrew overthrown

239. ٧
P
partake ‫ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ partook partaken
pay ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻊ‬ paid paid
put ‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬ put put
Q
quit * ، ‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻞ‬ quit quit
R
read ‫ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‬ read read
rebuild ‫ﲟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬ rebuilt rebuilt
redo ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬ redid redone
remake ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻨﻊ‬ remade remade
rend ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﱰﻉ‬ rent rent
repay ‫ﻳﺮﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻔﻲ‬ repaid repaid
retell ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻭﻱ‬ retold retold
rewrite ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬ rewrote rewritten
rid * ‫ﳛﺮﺭ‬ ، ‫ﳜﻠﺺ‬ rid rid
ride ‫ﻳﺮﻛﺐ‬ rode ridden
ring ‫ﻳﺮﻥ‬ rang rung
rise ‫ﻳﻨﻬﺾ‬ rose risen
run ‫ﻳﺸﻐﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﺪﻭ‬ ran run
S
saw * ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺮ‬ sawed sawn
say ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ said said
see ‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬ saw seen
seek ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺤﺚ‬ sought sought
sell ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻊ‬ sold sold
send ‫ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬ sent sent

240. ٨
set ‫ﻳﻘﺮﺭ‬ set set
sew * ‫ﳜﻴﻂ‬ sewed sewn
shake ‫ﻳﻬﺘﺰ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻬﺰ‬ shook shaken
shall ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ should should
shed ‫ﻳﺴﻔﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺬﺭﻑ‬ shed shed
shine * ‫ﻳﻠﻤﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻖ‬ shone shone
shoot ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬ shot shot
show * ‫ﻳﺒﲔ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬ showed shown
shrink ‫ﻳﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬ shrank shrunk
shut ، ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻖ‬
‫ﳛﺒﺲ‬ shut shut
sing ‫ﻳﻐﺮﺩ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻐﲏ‬ sang sung
sink ‫ﻳﻐﺮﻕ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻐﻄﺲ‬ sank sunk
sit ‫ﳚﻠﺲ‬ sit sit
slay ‫ﻳﺬﺑﺢ‬ slew slain
sleep ‫ﻳﻨﺎﻡ‬ slept slept
slide ‫ﻳﱰﻟﻖ‬ slid slid
slit ‫ﻳﺸﻖ‬ slit slit
smell * ‫ﻳﺸﻢ‬ smelt smelt
smite ‫ﺑﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬ smote smitten
sow ‫ﻳﺒﺬﺭ‬ sowed sown
speak ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ spoke spoken
speed * ‫ﻳﺴﺮﻉ‬ sped sped
spell * ‫ﻳﺘﻬﺠﻰ‬ spelt spelt
spend ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻖ‬ spent spent
spin ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻭﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻐﺰﻝ‬ span spun
spit ‫ﻳﺒﺼﻖ‬ spat spat

241. ٩
split ‫ﻳﺸﻖ‬ split split
spoil * ‫ﻳﺪﻟﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺘﻠﻒ‬ spoilt spoilt
spread ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺮ‬ spread spread
spring ‫ﻳﻘﻔﺰ‬ sprang sprung
stand ‫ﻳﺼﻤﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻒ‬ stood stood
steal ‫ﻳﺴﺮﻕ‬ stole stolen
stick ‫ﻳﻠﺼﻖ‬ stuck stuck
sting ‫ﻳﻠﺪﻍ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻠﺴﻊ‬ stung stung
stink ‫ﻳﻨﱳ‬ stank stunk
stride ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﲞﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﳝﺸﻲ‬ strode stridden
strike ‫ﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬ struck struck
strive * ‫ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺢ‬ strove striven
swear ‫ﻳﻘﺴﻢ‬ swore sworn
sweep ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻜﻨﺲ‬ swept swept
swell ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺭﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻔﺦ‬ swelled swollen
swim ‫ﻳﺴﺒﺢ‬ swam swum
swing ‫ﻳﺘﺄﺭﺟﺢ‬ swung swung
T
take ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬ took taken
teach ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬ taught taught
tear ‫ﳝﺰﻕ‬ tore torn
tell ‫ﻳﻘﺺ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺮﻭﻱ‬ told told
think ، ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻜﺮ‬ thought thought
thrive * ‫ﻳﺰﺩﻫﺮ‬ throve thriven
throw ‫ﻳﻘﺬﻑ‬ threw thrown
thrust ‫ﻳﻄﻌﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﺤﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺪﻓﻊ‬ thrust thrust

242. ١٠
tread ‫ﻳﺴﺤﻖ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻄﺄ‬ trod trodden
U
undergo ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺳﻰ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬ underwent undergone
understand ‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬ understood understood
undertake ، ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﱃ‬ undertook undertaken
upset ‫ﻳﻔﺴﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻠﻖ‬ upset upset
W
wake * ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻮﻗﻆ‬ woke woken
waylay ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ waylaid waylaid
wear ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ‬ wore worn
weave ‫ﻳﻨﺴﺞ‬ wove woven
wed * ‫ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺰﻭﺝ‬ wed wed
weep ‫ﻳﺒﻜﻲ‬ wept wept
wet * ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻞ‬ wet wet
will ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ would would
win ‫ﻳﺮﺑﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻔﻮﺯ‬ won won
wind ‫ﻳﻠﻒ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﻔﺦ‬ wound wound
withdraw ‫ﻳﻨﺴﺤﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺤﺐ‬ withdrew withdrawn
withhold ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﳝﺘﻨﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻜﺒﺢ‬ withheld withheld
withstand ‫ﻳﺼﻤﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﺎﻭﻡ‬ withstood withstood
wring ‫ﻳﻠﻮﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﺼﺮ‬ wrung wrung
write ‫ﻳﺆﻟﻒ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬ wrote written

243. ١

244. ٢
A
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
also
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬
able
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬
always
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬
about
‫ﺃﻛﻮﻥ‬
)
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
(
am
‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬
above
‫ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ، ‫ﺑﲔ‬
among
‫ﻳﻀﻴﻒ‬
add
‫ﻭﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬
and
‫ﺧﺎﺋﻒ‬
afraid
‫ﻳﻐﻀﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻏﻀﺐ‬
anger
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
after
‫ﳚﻴﺐ‬ ، ‫ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
answer
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬
again
‫ﺃﳝﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻱ‬
any
‫ﺿﺪ‬
against
‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬
appear
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬
age
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ‬
apple
‫ﹴ‬‫ﺽ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬
ago
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
)
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬
(
are
‫ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬
agree
‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬
arrive
‫ﻫﻮﺍﺀ‬
air
‫ﻛﺄﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
as
‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻞ‬
all
، ‫ﻳﺴﺄﻝ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ‬
ask
‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬
allow
B
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻮﺩ‬
black
‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ، ‫ﺭﺿﻴﻊ‬
baby
‫ﺩﻡ‬
blood
‫ﻇﻬﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬
back
‫ﺃﺯﺭﻕ‬
blue
‫ﺭﺩﻱﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺳﻲﺀ‬
bad
‫ﺧﺸﱯ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺡ‬
board
‫ﻛﺮﺓ‬
ball
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬ ، ‫ﺯﻭﺭﻕ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺎﺭﺏ‬
boat
‫ﻣﻮﺯ‬
banana
‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬
body
‫ﺿﻔﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻨﻚ‬
bank
‫ﻋﻈﻢ‬
bone
‫ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺐ‬
bar

245. ٣
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
book
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬
base
‫ﻛﻼ‬
both
‫ﺧﻔﺎﺵ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻀﺮﺏ‬
bat
‫ﻳﺰﻋﺞ‬
bother
‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
be
‫ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ‬
box
‫ﺗﻠﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻞ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻳﺘﺤ‬ ، ‫ﳛﻤﻞ‬
bear
‫ﺻﱯ‬ ، ‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬
boy
‫ﻳﻬﺰﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬
beat
‫ﺧﺒﺰ‬
bread
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ ، ‫ﲨﺎﻝ‬
beauty
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺮ‬
break
‫ﻓﺮﺍﺵ‬ ، ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮ‬
bed
‫ﻳﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬
breath
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
before
‫ﳛﻀﺮ‬
bring
‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
begin
‫ﺃﺥ‬
brother
‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ، ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬
behind
‫ﺑﲏ‬
brown
‫ﻳﺼﺪﻕ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ‬
believe
‫ﻳﺒﲏ‬
build
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
best
‫ﳛﺮﻕ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺸﺘﻌﻞ‬ ، ‫ﳛﺘﺮﻕ‬
burn
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺣﺴﻦ‬
better
‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ‬
busy
‫ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ، ‫ﺑﲔ‬
between
‫ﺳﻮﻯ‬ ، ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
but
‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬
big
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ، ‫ﲜﺎﻧﺐ‬
by
‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬
bird
C
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻔﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻐﻠﻖ‬
close
‫ﻳﺼﺮﺥ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺀ‬
call
‫ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
cloud
‫ﻋﻠﺒﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﺪﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
can
‫ﺯﻛﺎﻡ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺩ‬
cold
‫ﻣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬
capital
‫ﻳﻠﻮﻥ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻮﻥ‬
color
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
car
‫ﳚﻲﺀ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺄﰐ‬
come
‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
card
‫ﺭﻓﻘﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬
company
‫ﻳﻬﺘﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﺘﲏ‬
care
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺭﻥ‬
compare
‫ﳛﻤﻞ‬
carry

246. ٤
‫ﻳﻜﻤﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
complete
‫ﻋﻠﺒﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ‬
case
‫ﻳﻄﺒﺦ‬
cook
‫ﻗﻄﺔ‬
cat
، ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ‬
‫ﳑﺘﺎﺯ‬
cool
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﺾ‬ ، ‫ﳝﺴﻚ‬
catch
‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﺴﺦ‬
copy
‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬ ، ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬
cause
‫ﺫﺭﺓ‬
corn
‫ﳏﻮﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺳﻂ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
center
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬
corner
‫ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬
chance
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﺪﻝ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺼﺤﺢ‬
correct
‫ﻳﻐﲑ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺮﻑ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺒﺪﻝ‬ ،
change
‫ﻳﺜﻤﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬ ، ‫ﲦﻦ‬
cost
‫ﻳﺘﻬﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺸﺤﻦ‬
charge
‫ﳛﺼﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬
count
‫ﳛﺘﺎﻝ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻐﺶ‬ ، ‫ﻏﺸﺎﺵ‬
cheat
‫ﻭﻃﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻠﺪ‬
country
‫ﺩﺟﺎﺟﺔ‬
chicken
‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻏﻄﺎﺀ‬
cover
‫ﻃﻔﻞ‬
child
‫ﺑﻘﺮﺓ‬
cow
‫ﳜﺘﺎﺭ‬
choose
‫ﳜﻠﻖ‬
create
‫ﻳﺪﻭﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬
circle
‫ﺟﺮﳝﺔ‬
crime
‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
city
‫ﻳﻌﱪ‬ ، ‫ﺻﻠﻴﺐ‬
cross
‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
class
‫ﻳﺒﻜﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺼﻴﺢ‬
cry
‫ﻳﻨﻈﻒ‬ ، ‫ﻧﻈﻴﻒ‬
clean
‫ﻛﻮﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻥ‬
cup
‫ﺻﺎﻑ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬
clear
‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﺺ‬
cut
‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
clock
D
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻌﺐ‬
difficult
‫ﻳﺮﻗﺺ‬ ، ‫ﺭﻗﺼﺔ‬
dance
‫ﻳﻮﺟﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
direct
‫ﺧﻄﺮ‬
danger
‫ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬
discuss
‫ﻗﺎﰎ‬ ، ‫ﺩﺍﻛﻦ‬
dark
‫ﻳﻘﺴﻢ‬
divide
‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
day

247. ٥
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬
do
‫ﻳﻘﺮﺭ‬
decide
‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ‬ ، ‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬
doctor
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬
deep
‫ﻛﻠﺐ‬
dog
‫ﻳﻬﺰﻡ‬
defeat
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‬
door
‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
degree
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺝ‬
double
‫ﻳﺆﺟﻞ‬
delay
‫ﻳﺮﺗﺎﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺸﻚ‬ ، ‫ﺷﻚ‬
doubt
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
depend
‫ﲢﺖ‬
down
‫ﻳﻮﺩﻉ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬ ،
deposit
‫ﻳﺮﺳﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺤﺐ‬
draw
‫ﻳﺼﻒ‬
describe
‫ﳛﻠﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺣﻠﻢ‬
dream
‫ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ‬
desert
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﺏ‬
drink
‫ﻳﺼﻤﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design
‫ﻳﺴﻮﻕ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ‬
drive
‫ﻳﻄﻮﺭ‬
develop
‫ﳚﻔﻒ‬ ، ‫ﺟﺎﻑ‬
dry
‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
dictionary
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬
during
‫ﳝﻮﺕ‬
die
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬
different
E
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬
end
‫ﺃﺫﻥ‬
ear
‫ﻋﺪﻭ‬ ، ‫ﺧﺼﻢ‬
enemy
‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬
early
‫ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻛﺎﰲ‬
enough
‫ﺷﺮﻕ‬
east
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬
equal
‫ﺳﻬﻞ‬
easy
‫ﺣﱴ‬
even
‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‬
eat
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺀ‬
evening
‫ﺑﻴﻀﺔ‬
egg
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺡ‬
explain
‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
eight
‫ﻋﲔ‬
eye
‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
either
‫ﻳﻔﺮﻍ‬ ، ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻍ‬
empty

248. ٦
F
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﲰﻜﺔ‬
fish
‫ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺟﻪ‬
face
‫ﻟـ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻼﺋﻢ‬
fit
‫ﻳﺴﻘﻂ‬ ، ‫ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻒ‬
fall
‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬
five
‫ﺯﺍﺋﻒ‬
false
‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ‬
fix
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬
far
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺭﺍﻳﺔ‬
flag
‫ﻣﺰﺭﻋﺔ‬
farm
‫ﻳﻄﲑ‬ ، ‫ﺫﺑﺎﺑﺔ‬
fly
‫ﲰﲔ‬
fat
‫ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‬
food
‫ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‬
female
‫ﻗﺪﻡ‬
foot
‫ﳛﺸﻮ‬ ، ‫ﳝﻼ‬
fill
‫ﻳﻨﺴﻰ‬
forget
‫ﺎﺋﻲ‬
final
‫ﺷﻮﻛﺔ‬
fork
‫ﳚﺪ‬
find
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
four
‫ﺇﺻﺒﻊ‬
finger
‫ﳎﺎﱐ‬ ، ‫ﳛﺮﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺣﺮ‬
free
‫ﻳﻨﻬﻲ‬
finish
‫ﳑﺘﻠﻰﺀ‬
full
‫ﻧﺎﺭ‬
fire
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
future
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
first
G
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱ‬
gray
‫ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‬
girl
‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬
great
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬
give
‫ﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬
green
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ‬ ،
go
‫ﻣﺴﺪﺱ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬
gun
‫ﺫﻫﺐ‬
gold
‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
good

249. ٧
H
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺛﻘﺐ‬
hole
‫ﺷﻌﺮ‬
hair
‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
home
‫ﻳﺪ‬
hand
‫ﻳﺄﻣﻞ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻣﻞ‬
hope
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
happy
‫ﺣﺼﺎﻥ‬
horse
‫ﺻﻌﺐ‬
hard
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‬
hospital
‫ﻗﺒﻌﺔ‬
hat
‫ﺣﺎﺭ‬
hot
‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬
have
‫ﻓﻨﺪﻕ‬
hotel
‫ﻫﻮ‬
he
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
hour
‫ﺭﺃﺱ‬
head
‫ﻣﱰﻝ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
house
‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬
hear
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
how
‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬
heart
‫ﳚﺮﺡ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺆﱂ‬
hurt
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
here
‫ﻋﺎﱄ‬
high
I
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
is
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
I
‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬
island
‫ﺛﻠﺞ‬
ice
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﲑ‬
it
‫ﻣﺮﻳﺾ‬
ill
‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬
important

250. ٨
J
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺷﻐﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
job
‫ﻏﻴﻮﺭ‬
jealous
‫ﻏﺎﺑﺔ‬
jungle
‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬
join
K
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻛﺒﺔ‬
knee
‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬
key
‫ﺳﻜﲔ‬
knife
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‬
kill
‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬ ،
know
‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻄﻴﻒ‬
kind
L
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺼﺖ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺼﻐﻲ‬
listen
‫ﺳﻴﺪﺓ‬
lady
‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ، ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
little
‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬
land
، ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬
‫ﳛﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ‬
live
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬
language
‫ﺷﻔﺔ‬
lip
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﺁ‬
last
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
long
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬
learn
‫ﻳﺮﺍﻗﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‬
look
‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬
leave
‫ﻳﻀﻴﻊ‬ ، ‫ﳜﺴﺮ‬
lose
‫ﻳﺴﺎﺭ‬
left
‫ﺻﺎﺧﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎﻝ‬
loud
‫ﺳﺎﻕ‬
leg
‫ﳛﺐ‬ ، ‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺣ‬
love
‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
less
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
low
‫ﻳﺮﻏﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
like
‫ﺧﻂ‬
line

251. ٩
M
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻤﺮ‬
moon
‫ﻳﺼﻨﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
make
‫ﺻﺒﺎﺡ‬
morning
‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬
male
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
most
‫ﺭﺟﻞ‬
man
‫ﺃﻡ‬
mother
‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
many
‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬
much
‫ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ‬
marry
‫ﻓﻢ‬
mouth
‫ﺭﲟﺎ‬
may
‫ﻳﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬ ، ‫ﳚﺐ‬
mush
‫ﳜﻠﻂ‬ ، ‫ﳝﺰﺝ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ‬
mix
N
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ‬
nine
‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻇﻔﺮ‬
nail
‫ﻻ‬
no
‫ﻳﻀﻴﻖ‬ ، ‫ﺿﻴﻖ‬
narrow
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬
noon
‫ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺏ‬ ، ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬
near
‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬
normal
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬
necessary
‫ﴰﺎﻝ‬
north
‫ﺭﻗﺒﺔ‬
neck
‫ﺃﻧﻒ‬
nose
‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ ، ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬
need
‫ﻻﺷﻲﺀ‬
nothing
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬
net
‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
now
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
new
‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬
number
‫ﻟﻴﻞ‬
night

252. ١٠
O
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﺢ‬
open
‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬
office
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬
opposite
‫ﻧﻔﻂ‬ ، ‫ﺯﻳﺖ‬
oil
‫ﺃﻭ‬
or
‫ﻗﺪﱘ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬
old
‫ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎﱄ‬ ، ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎﻝ‬
orange
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
one
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬
،
‫ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ، ‫ﻏﲑ‬
other
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
only
P
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬
plate
‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ، ‫ﳝﺮ‬
pass
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬
play
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬
past
‫ﻳﺮﺿﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺮ‬
please
‫ﻳﺪﻓﻊ‬
pay
‫ﻓﻘﲑ‬
poor
‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬
pen
‫ﳏﺘﻤﻞ‬ ، ‫ﳑﻜﻦ‬
possible
‫ﺭﺻﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬
pencil
‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬
private
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
people
‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻉ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬
public
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬
picture
‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬
put
‫ﺧﱰﻳﺮ‬
pig
‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺓ‬
plane
Q
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
question
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬
quantity
‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬
quick
‫ﺭﺑﻊ‬
quarter
‫ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻒ‬
quit
‫ﺃﻣﲑﺓ‬
queen
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ، ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬
quite
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺤﺚ‬ ، ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ، ‫ﲝﺚ‬
quest

253. ١١
R
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﳚﻴﺐ‬ ، ‫ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
reply
‫ﲤﻄﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻄﺮ‬
rain
‫ﻣﺴﺆ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻝ‬
responsible
‫ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‬
read
‫ﳝﲔ‬ ، ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
right
‫ﺟﺎﻫﺰ‬
ready
‫ﺣﻴﺰ‬ ، ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
room
‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬
red
‫ﻳﺮﻛﺾ‬
run
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‬
regular
S
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﻬﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺒﻄﻰﺀ‬
slow
‫ﺣﺰﻳﻦ‬
sad
‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬
small
‫ﺁﻣﻦ‬
safe
‫ﻳﺒﺘﺴﻢ‬ ، ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬
smile
‫ﳜﻔﺾ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺒﺤﺮ‬ ، ‫ﲣﻔﻴﺾ‬
sail
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺩﺧﺎﻥ‬
smoke
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
same
‫ﻃﺮﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻧﺎﻋﻢ‬
soft
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
say
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
some
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
school
‫ﺃﻏﻨﻴﺔ‬
song
‫ﲝﺮ‬
sea
‫ﺻﻮﺕ‬
sound
‫ﻳﺒﺤﺚ‬
search
‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‬
south
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺛﺎﱐ‬
second
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
speak
‫ﺳﺮ‬
secret
‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬
special
‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬
see
‫ﻳﺘﻬﺠﻰ‬
spell
‫ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬
send
‫ﳝﻀﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻖ‬
spend
‫ﺟﺪﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺟﺎﺩ‬
serious
‫ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ‬
spoon
‫ﻳﺮﺗﺐ‬ ، ‫ﳚﻠﺲ‬
set
‫ﻳﻨﺒﻮﻉ‬ ، ‫ﺯﻧﱪﻙ‬ ، ‫ﺭﺑﻴﻊ‬
spring
‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬
seven
، ‫ﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
stand
‫ﺫﻛﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺣﺎﺩ‬
sharp

254. ١٢
‫ﳒﻤﺔ‬
star
‫ﻫﻲ‬
she
‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
start
‫ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬
ship
‫ﻳﻠﺼﻖ‬
stick
‫ﻗﻤﻴﺺ‬
shirt
‫ﻣﻌﺪﺓ‬
stomach
‫ﺣﺬﺍﺀ‬ ، ‫ﻧﻌﻞ‬
shoe
‫ﳜﺰﻥ‬ ، ‫ﳏﻞ‬
store
‫ﻗﺼﲑ‬
short
‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬
story
‫ﻳﻐﻠﻖ‬
shut
‫ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‬
strange
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬
side
‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
street
‫ﻳﻮﻗﻊ‬ ، ‫ﺭﻣﺰ‬ ، ‫ﻻﻓﺘﺔ‬
sign
‫ﻗﻮﻱ‬
strong
‫ﻓﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺔ‬ ،
silver
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺪﺭﺱ‬
study
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬
simple
‫ﻣﻔﺎﺟﻰﺀ‬
sudden
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻋﺰﺏ‬
single
‫ﺳﻜﺮ‬
sugar
‫ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺔ‬ ، ‫ﳑﺮﺿﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺧﺖ‬
sister
‫ﺻﻴﻒ‬
summer
‫ﻳﻘﻌﺪ‬ ، ‫ﳚﻠﺲ‬
sit
‫ﴰﺲ‬
sun
‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬
six
‫ﺃﻛﻴﺪ‬
sure
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺱ‬ ، ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
size
‫ﺣﻠﻮ‬
sweet
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬
skin
‫ﻳﺴﺒﺢ‬
swim
‫ﲰﺎﺀ‬
sky
‫ﻳﻨﺎﻡ‬
sleep
T
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬
time
‫ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
table
‫ﺘﻌﺐ‬
‫ﻣ‬
tired
‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬
take
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬
together
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
talk
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﺪ‬
tomorrow
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
tall
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬
tongue
‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺪﺭﺱ‬
teach

255. ١٣
‫ﺳﻦ‬
tooth
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬
team
‫ﺑﻠﺪﺓ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
town
‫ﻳﺮﻭﻱ‬ ، ‫ﳜﱪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
tell
‫ﻗﻄﺎﺭ‬
train
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
ten
‫ﻳﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
translate
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﳜﺘﱪ‬ ،
test
‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬
travel
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ، ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
that
‫ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬
tray
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
there
‫ﺷﺠﺮﺓ‬
tree
‫ﻫﻢ‬
they
‫ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‬ ، ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
true
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬
thing
‫ﳛﺎﻭﻝ‬
try
‫ﻳﻈﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻔﻜﺮ‬
think
‫ﳛﻮﻝ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺪﻳﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻠﻒ‬
turn
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
this
‫ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬
two
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
three
‫ﻳﻄﺒﻊ‬ ، ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
type
‫ﺣﻠﻖ‬
throat
‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬
time
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬
through
‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
ticket
U
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
use
‫ﻣﻈﻠﺔ‬
umbrella
‫ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻑ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬
usual
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬
understand
V
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺮ‬
victory
‫ﺇﺟﺎﺯﺓ‬
vacation
‫ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬
video
، ‫ﺻﺎﱀ‬ ، ‫ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬
valid
‫ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ‬
view
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ‬
value
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺔ‬
village
‫ﻳﺘﻐﲑ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻐﲑ‬
vary

256. ١٤
‫ﻣﺮﺋﻲ‬
visible
‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ‬
various
‫ﻳﻘﺘﺮﻉ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﻉ‬ ، ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺖ‬
vote
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬
very
W
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻱ‬
which
‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬
wait
‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
while
، ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻬﺾ‬
wake up
‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬
white
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭ‬
wall
‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
who
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬
want
‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ‬
why
‫ﺣﺮﺏ‬
war
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‬
wife
‫ﺩﺍﰱﺀ‬
warm
‫ﻳﺮﻏﺐ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺻﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬
will
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
was
‫ﻳﻔﻮﺯ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺮﺑﺢ‬
win
‫ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻳﻐﺴﻞ‬
wash
‫ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ‬
window
‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ، ‫ﳛﺮﺱ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺮﻗﺐ‬
watch
‫ﺷﺘﺎﺀ‬
winter
‫ﻳﺮﻭﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
water
‫ﺣﻜﻴﻢ‬
wise
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
way
‫ﻣﻊ‬
with
‫ﳓﻦ‬
we
‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬
woman
‫ﻭﺍﻫﻦ‬ ، ‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‬
weak
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
word
‫ﻳﻠﺒﺲ‬ ، ‫ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ‬
wear
‫ﺷﻐﻞ‬ ، ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
work
‫ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
week
‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎﱂ‬
world
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲤﺎﻣ‬ ، ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬
well
‫ﻳﻘﻠﻖ‬ ، ‫ﻗﻠﻖ‬
worry
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
were
‫ﻳﻜﺘﺐ‬
write
‫ﻏﺮﺏ‬
west
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
wrong
‫ﻣﺒﺘﻞ‬ ، ‫ﺭﻃﺐ‬
wet
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻱ‬
which
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
what
‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
while
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻣﱴ‬
when

257. ١٥
‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ، ‫ﺃﻳﻦ‬
where
Y
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺲ‬
yesterday
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
year
‫ﺃﻧﺖ‬
you
‫ﺃﺻﻔﺮ‬
yellow
‫ﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﲑ‬ ، ‫ﺷﺎﺏ‬
young
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
yes
Z
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬
zoo
‫ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﲪﺎﺭ‬
zebra
‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬
zero