قواعد اللغ الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي في 15 ورقة مراجعة الفرص الاخيرة بطريق رائعة مع مستر اح
قواعد اللغ الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي في 15 ورقة مراجعة الفرص الاخيرة بطريق رائعة مع مستر اح
Quotations the playmaker 2015 اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي واسئلة القصةخالد عبد الباسط
Quotations the playmaker 2015 اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي واسئلة القصة
Quotations the playmaker 2015 اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي واسئلة القصة
اهم كلمات منهج اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي 2016خالد عبد الباسط
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
adelmahmod86.blogspot.com/
اهم كلمات منهج اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي 2016
اهم كلمات منهج اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي 2016
Quotations the playmaker 2015 اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي واسئلة القصةخالد عبد الباسط
Quotations the playmaker 2015 اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي واسئلة القصة
Quotations the playmaker 2015 اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي واسئلة القصة
اهم كلمات منهج اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي 2016خالد عبد الباسط
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
adelmahmod86.blogspot.com/
اهم كلمات منهج اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي 2016
اهم كلمات منهج اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي 2016
Zenda vocab mr.ramy el araby قصة سجين زندا للصف الثالث الثانويخالد عبد الباسط
ثانوية خمس نجوم
www.th5stars.com/
ثانوية خمس نجوم هى أكبر مدونة تعليمية لجميع المواد الدراسية - هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب.
Zenda vocab mr.ramy el araby قصة سجين زندا للصف الثالث الثانوي
Zenda vocab mr.ramy el araby قصة سجين زندا للصف الثالث الثانوي
Presentation Phrase-Bank بنك العبارات الانجليزية لمقدمي العروض التقديمية-Ahmed-Refat Refat
تعتبر العروض التقديمية من اهم الوسائل المستخدمة في عرض المستجدات العلمية والابحاث و الرسائل الجامعية امام الجمهور و في المؤتمرات و امام لجان التحكيم .
ومن اسرار الاجادة في تقديم العروض التقديمية بلغة اجنبية هو كيفية القيام بعرض سلس وواضح يربط الجمهور بما يريد ان يعرضه الباحث ولا يعتمد ذلك علي المحتوي العلمي للموضوع بل استخدام العبارات و الكلمات المناسبة و التي صيغت بصورة قياسية لتناسب مجمل المواقف التي يواجهها العارض.
وقد قمت بجمع و تبويب و عرض العبارات القياسية الاكثر استخداما في العروض التقديمية خدمة للباحثين من الزملاء و الابناء – العرب - آملا ان ترفع عن كاهلهم عبئ التواصل بلغة غير لغتهم الام .
Speaking in public in a foreign language is very difficult. However, there are many standard phrases that we can use to structure and construct our presentation. This means that we can concentrate on the content of the presentation, and communicating what we need to say. The following are some useful phrases that you can use when you make your presentation.
اقوي مراجعة للصف الاول الثانوي ترم اول 2016 لمستر احمد الضيفيخالد عبد الباسط
http://www.th5stars.com/
ثانوية خمس نجوم l هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
اقوي مراجعة للصف الاول الثانوي ترم اول 2016 لمستر احمد الضيفي
اقوي مراجعة للصف الاول الثانوي ترم اول 2016 لمستر احمد الضيفي
قصة سجين زندا للثانوية العامة اسئلة مستويات علياخالد عبد الباسط
http://www.th5stars.com/
ثانوية خمس نجوم l هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب ·
قصة سجين زندا للثانوية العامة اسئلة مستويات عليا
قصة سجين زندا للثانوية العامة اسئلة مستويات عليا
دليل التقويم في اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانويخالد عبد الباسط
www.th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
دليل التقويم في اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي
دليل التقويم في اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي
امتحانات لغة انجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي مجمعة بالاجابة ا لنموذجية لعام 20...خالد عبد الباسط
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
adelmahmod86.blogspot.com/
امتحانات لغة انجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي مجمعة بالاجابة ا لنموذجية لعام 2015 مستر محمد الديوشي ثانوية خمس نجوم
امتحانات لغة انجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي مجمعة بالاجابة ا لنموذجية لعام 2015 مستر محمد الديوشي ثانوية خمس نجوم
الاتزان الكيميائي للصف الثالث الثانوي أ محمد غزال - ثانوية خمس نجوم 2016خالد عبد الباسط
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
adelmahmod86.blogspot.com/
الاتزان الكيميائي للصف الثالث الثانوي أ محمد غزال - ثانوية خمس نجوم 2016
الاتزان الكيميائي للصف الثالث الثانوي أ محمد غزال - ثانوية خمس نجوم 2016
كيمياء للصف الثالث الثانوي_ الباب الرابع_ الهيدروكربونات مستر محمد غزال خالد عبد الباسط
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
adelmahmod86.blogspot.com
كيمياء للصف الثالث الثانوي_ الباب الرابع_ الهيدروكربونات مستر محمد غزال
كيمياء للصف الثالث الثانوي_ الباب الرابع_ الهيدروكربونات مستر محمد غزال
www.th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
pzenda اسئلة قصة سجين زندا للثانوية العامة
pzenda اسئلة قصة سجين زندا للثانوية العامة
pzenda اسئلة قصة سجين زندا للثانوية العامة
At.school2 اللغة الانجليزية للصف السادس الابتدائي الوحدة العاشرةخالد عبد الباسط
http://www.th5stars.com/
At.school2 اللغة الانجليزية للصف السادس الابتدائي الوحدة العاشرة
At.school2 اللغة الانجليزية للصف السادس الابتدائي الوحدة العاشرة
At.school2 اللغة الانجليزية للصف السادس الابتدائي الوحدة العاشرة
علم الاجتماع اللثانوية العامة 2016 استاذ سامح حمامخالد عبد الباسط
علم الاجتماع اللثانوية العامة 2016 استاذ سامح حمام
علم الاجتماع اللثانوية العامة 2016 استاذ سامح حمام
علم الاجتماع اللثانوية العامة 2016 استاذ سامح حمام
علم النفس اللثانوية العامة 2016 استاذ سامح حمامخالد عبد الباسط
علم النفس للصف اللثانوية العامة 2016 استاذ سامح حمام
علم النفس للصف اللثانوية العامة 2016 استاذ سامح حمام
علم النفس للصف اللثانوية العامة 2016 استاذ سامح حمام
جميع امتحانات السنوات السابقة تجارة القاهرة أولى إنتساب - اتحاد طلاب تجارةخالد عبد الباسط
http://www.th5stars.com/
تاااابع موقعنااااا فهو مفيد لك
جميع امتحانات السنوات السابقة تجارة القاهرة أولى إنتساب - اتحاد طلاب تجارة
جميع امتحانات السنوات السابقة تجارة القاهرة أولى إنتساب - اتحاد طلاب تجارة
العضوية من الالكاينات الي نهاية البنزين استاذ رمضان غلاب تالتة ثانويخالد عبد الباسط
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تاااااابع موقعنا فهو مفيد لك
العضوية من الالكاينات الي نهاية البنزين استاذ رمضان غلاب تالتة ثانوي
العضوية من الالكاينات الي نهاية البنزين استاذ رمضان غلاب تالتة ثانوي
قصة الايام بطريقة الخرائط الزهنية الجزء الثاني أ-اسامة عز الدين خالد عبد الباسط
http://www.th5stars.com/
ثانوية خمس نجوم l هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
قصة الايام بطريقة الخرائط الزهنية الجزء الثاني أ-اسامة عز الدين
اللغة العربية وكيفية مذاكرة قصة الايام
1 ليلة الامتحان االتعبير والقراءة للصف الثالث الثانوي خالد عبد الباسط
www.Th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم l هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
1 ليلة الامتحان االتعبير والقراءة للصف الثالث الثانوي
1 ليلة الامتحان االتعبير والقراءة للصف الثالث الثانوي
chemistry مخطط الكشف عن الانيونات الباب الثاني التحليل الكيميائي أ/ محمد غزا...خالد عبد الباسط
www.th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم l هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
مخطط الكشف عن الانيونات الباب الثاني التحليل الكيميائي أ/ محمد غزال للثانوية العامة 2016
مخطط الكشف عن الانيونات الباب الثاني التحليل الكيميائي أ/ محمد غزال للثانوية العامة 2016
فلسفة للثانوية العامة الصف الثالث الثانوي منهج جديد 2016خالد عبد الباسط
www.th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم l هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
فلسفة للثانوية العامة الصف الثالث الثانوي منهج جديد 2016
فلسفة للثانوية العامة الصف الثالث الثانوي منهج جديد 2016
Adab 2016 أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية خالد عبد الباسط
Www.Th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
chemistry مخطط التحليل الكيميائى للثانوية العامةخالد عبد الباسط
www.Th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
مخطط التحليل الكيميائى للثانوية العامة
مخطط التحليل الكيميائى للثانوية العامة
مخطط التحليل الكيميائى للثانوية العامة
مخطط التحليل الكيميائى للثانوية العامة
www.th5stars.com/
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
www.th5stars.com/
قصة سجين زندا لغة انجليزية للثانوية العامة
قصة سجين زندا لغة انجليزية للثانوية العامة
قصة سجين زندا لغة انجليزية للثانوية العامة
تاريخ مراجعة علي الفصل الاول الحملة الفرنسية , تاريخ خالد عبد الباسط
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
www.th5stars.com/
مراجعة علي الفصل الاول الحملة الفرنسية , تاريخ
مراجعة علي الفصل الاول الحملة الفرنسية , تاريخ
مراجعة علي الفصل الاول الحملة الفرنسية , تاريخ
www.th5stars.com/
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
www.th5stars.com/
كيف تسأل و تجيب بالإنجليزية
كيف تسأل و تجيب بالإنجليزية
كيف تسأل و تجيب بالإنجليزية
كيف تسأل و تجيب بالإنجليزية
www.th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
مراجعة التفاضل للصف الثالث الثانوي
مراجعة التفاضل للصف الثالث الثانوي
مراجعة التفاضل للصف الثالث الثانوي
مراجعة التفاضل للصف الثالث الثانوي
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
قواعد اللغ الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي في 15 ورقة مراجعة الفرص الاخيرة بطريق رائعة مع مستر اح
1. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
Before Mr. Ahmed Al Daifi leaves the office, he will send some e-mails.
After he finishes, he will leave.
Mr. Ahmed Al Daifi won't send some e-mails until he leaves the office
Future forms
1 -Will ('ll ) +
1
{I think ,hope, expect ,sure, promise, predict}
I expect that he will win.
I am sure, you will win
I will be 50 years next year .1
3
I am thirsty. I will get you a drink.
. promise (orotherwise) threat -4
I will punish you if you do this again.
(As soon as-after-till- if –when ) 5
After I finish , I will leave
- am, is, are + going to +
1
There is a dark cloud .I think it is going to rain.
2intend
I’m going to play computer games. I intend
3)plan(
I’m going to play chess. I planed
4)dedeci(
- They are going to go shopping. They decided.
5
Watch out! You are going to fall.
is are + V +ing )( am,3
), prepare, book, all is okay(arrange
He is visiting his uncle . He has arranged to visit him.
I have booked two tickets. I’m traveling to Spain
He's getting married next Friday.
s,ithe,she4
1
The train leaves at 7:30 am tomorrow.
Our lesson starts at 12 am.
The plane takes off at 9:30 am.
The train arrives at 7 am.
5 ( will be + v + ing)
)اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﻠﺖ( in / from ………....to / all / for / at / +
In 20 years ,people will be queuing to book a space trip I will be studying English from 3 to 6 tomorrow.
After
as soon as
since
because
when
Before
By the time
When
By then
ﻣﻀﺎرعﺑﺴﯿﻂ)( v ) ( v+ s he –she - it (will + inf
ﻣﻀﺎرعﺑﺴﯿﻂ)( v ) ( v+ s he –she - it(won't + inf
until
till
2. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
(is , was , has , does , s likes) 1
(are, were , have ,do , s like)
( s) 2
(Police , public , people , men ,women , phenomena)
-
Ten million pounds is
Fifty liters of petrol is
Five kilometers is
Forty minutes is
isThree plus seven
Classics-politics-maths is
Athletics – gymnastics is
The news is measles is
Countable and uncountable
a an: 1
A pen pens an orange oranges
Man (men) child (children) - mouse (mice)
a an s
bread- money – time – furniture – wood- luggage
Countable uncountable
muchmany
( time, paper, iron, hair, orange)
4
How muchHow many
LittleFew
a Littlea Few
(a lot of) (Plenty of)
Some
any
Some boys some sugar
any girls any money
Lots of
3. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
Present simple اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
Active Passive
inf. ﻣﺼﺪر / inf. +ﻣﺼﺪرs/es
-Ali cleans this room every day.
am/is/are + pp
- This room is cleaned every day.(by Ali)
Present continuous اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
Active ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺒﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
am/is/are + v. + ing
- Mechanic is mending my car.
am/is/are + being +pp
- My car is being mended.
Present perfect اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
Active ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺒﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
Has /have + pp
- Somebody has planted some trees.
has/have +been + pp
- Some trees have been planted.
Past simple اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ
Active ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺒﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ)v+ed(
Ahmed painted this room yesterday.
was/ were + pp
This room was painted yesterday.
Past continuous اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ
Active ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺒﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
was / were + v. + ing
-Somebody was washing the dishes when I arrived.
was/were + being + pp
-The dishes were being washed when I arrived.
Past perfect اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ
Active ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺒﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
had + pp
-When Mr Ali arrived, she found that thieves
had broken into her shop.
had + been + pp
- When Mrs Ali arrived, she found that her shop
had been broken into.
Future simple اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
Active ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺒﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
will/shall + inf.
-The company will build new house next year
will/shall + be + pp
-New houses will be built here next year.
Simple modals
will / would / shall / should /can / could / may / might / has to / have to / had to /
Active ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺒﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
Modal + inf.
- We will find more oil
Modal + be + pp
- More oil will be found.
Active ﻣﺒﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
Modal + have + pp
-Someone will have opened the door.
Modal + have + been + pp
- The door will have been opened.
Active ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺒﻨﻰ Passive ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﺒﻨﻰ
People say that MR.Ahmed Al Daifi is perfect.
People said that MR.Ahmed Al Daifi was perfect.
People think that MR.Ahmed Al Daifi is perfect.
It is said that MR.Ahmed Al Daifi is perfect.
it was said that MR.Ahmed Al Daifi was perfect.
It is thought that MR.Ahmed Al Daifi is perfect.
The passive
V. be (am –
(is – are- was – were-
be – being – been)
p.p by
p.pV. be
4. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
Conditionals اﻟﺸﺮﻃﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ
ﻋﺎد ﺗﻜﻮن أﺣﺪاث ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺼﻔﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ او ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ات.
If present simple( v , v+s) ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻀﺎرع , present simple( v , v+s) ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻀﺎرع
- If water is heated to 100° c, it boils. If water freezes, it turns into ice.
- If I feel thirsty, I drink water. If I feel tired, I go to bed.
If present simple( v , v+s) ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻀﺎرع , will / shall + inf.
will / shall + inf. If present simple( v , v+s) ﻣﻀﺎرعﺑﺴﯿﻂ
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ أﺣﺪاث ﻋﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ.
- If I earn some money, I’ll go abroad.
If we have enough time, we’ll visit Ahmed.
- If you’re hot, I’ll buy you a cool drink.
اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻳﻤﻜﻦcan / may / mustﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻻwillIf we have enough time, we can visit Ahmed.
ﻃﻠﺐ أو أﻣﺮ اﻟﺸﺮط ﺟﻮاب ﻳﻜﻮن أن ﻳﻤﻜﻦ.If you see Asmaa, give him a message for me, please.
ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺆال ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻻﺣﻆif- What will you do if you win a lot of money?
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت:
اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمﻣﺜـﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﻤـﺎل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗـﺪل ﻛﻠﻤـﺎت وﺟـﻮد أو اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻓـﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ وﺟﻮد ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ
perhaps / may / I thinkاﻟﺮﺑﻂ أداة أوIf so.
1- Perhaps it will rain tomorrow. If so, we’ll stay at home. (If…)
If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.
ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻀﺮورة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺪل ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﺟﻮد وmust / necessaryاﻟﺮﺑﻂ أداة وﺟﻮد أو
2- She must practise well or she won’t play the piano. (If……)
If she doesn’t practise well, she won’t play the piano.
ifﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمshouldﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻻifﻓﺎﻋ ﻳﻠﯿﮫﺎ وﻣﺼﺪر ﺛﻢ ﻞ
- If he has enough money, he will buy a car. (Should)
Should he have enough money, he will buy a car.
If past simple( ﺷﺎذ , v+ed) ﻣﺎﺿﻰﺑﺴﯿﻂ , would/could/might/should +inf.
would/could/might/should +inf. past simple( ﺷﺎذ , v+ed) ﻣﺎﺿﻰﺑﺴﯿﻂ
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ أو اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﻓﻰ ﻳﺤﺪث أن اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ
- If I had a lot of money, I’d travel round the world.
- If I didn’t feel so tired, I’d come out with you.
اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪمIf I were youﻟﻠﻨﺼﯿﺤﺔاﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻻﺣﻆwereاﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد ﻣﻊ
If I were you, I’d look for another job.
ifاﺳﺘﺨﺪامwereﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻻifأن ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﻊwereاﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻞ ھﻰ
- If I were younger, I’d play football with you. (Were)
Were I younger, I’d play football with you.
ﻏﯿﺮ آﺧﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺎن إذاwereﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمwereﺛﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺛﻢto + inf.
- If it rained, the match would be postponed. (Were)
Were it to rain, the match would be postponed.
أن ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمhadﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻻif
- If he had enough time, he would go to the club. (Had)
Had he enough time, he would go to the club.
ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻻﺣﻆif- What would you do if you won a lot of money?
The Zero Conditional
The first conditional
If
If
If
The second conditional
If
If
5. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
If past perfect( had + p. p ﺗﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻰ) , would/could/might/should +have +p.p
would/could/might/ have +p.p. past perfect( had + p. p ﺗﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻰ)
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ أو اﻟﺤﺪوث ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻠﺔ ﻣﻮاﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ.
- If the sky had been clear yesterday, I would have seen the eclipse.
- If you hadn’t missed the bus, you wouldn’t have been late for the match.
- If you had taken the exam, you might have passed it.
ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎم ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﻻﺣﻆif
- What would you have done if you had won a lot of money?
ifﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أن ﻳﻤﻜﻦhadﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻻifﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺛﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻳﻠﯿﮫﺎ و
- If he had played well, he would have won. (Had)
Had he played well, he would have won.
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت:
ﺣﺎﻻت ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖifﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔunlessﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻰ و
- If Ali doesn’t improve, he will fail the exam. (Unless)
Unless Ali improves, he will fail the exam.
- You can stay with us as long as you share the rent.
- I’ll lend you the money on condition that you return it within 6 months.
- She will pass her exams provided that she studies hard
-Take this money in case you need it.
- If it weren’t for the Nile, Egypt would be a desert.
- But for the Nile, Egypt would be a desert.
- - If it hadn’t been for his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
- Without his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
- In case of having enough money, he will buy a car.
will
Would
wold have + p.p
The third conditional
If
If
Unless = if not–
–
if = In case=when= as long as = provided that = on condition that
if = In case of = But for = Without+ v + ing (noun)
If
ﻣﻀﺎرعﺑﺴﯿﻂ), ( v ) ( v+ s he –she - itﻣﻀﺎرعﺑﺴﯿﻂ)( v ) ( v+ s)he –she -
it
, will + infﻣﻀﺎرعﺑﺴﯿﻂ)( v ) ( v+ s he –she - it
, would + infﻣﺎﺿﻰﺑﺴﯿﻂ)( v+ ed
, would have +p.pﺗﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻰ)( had + p. p
6. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
He said to me, " I have been to Luxor and Aswan."
been to Luxor and Aswan.hadhethatmetoldHe●
Ahmed said , " I will help you do your homework, Mohamed. "
homework.hisdohimhelpwouldhethatMohamedtoldAli●
Soha said to Ahmed, " I bought a special light bulb to save energy. "
a special light bulb to save energy.had boughtshethatAhmedtoldSoha●
Waleed said, " I am preparing for my birthday part now. "
● Waleed said that he was preparing for his birthday party then.
Direct Indirect
now then
yesterday the day before
(two days) ago (two days)before
last week the week before /
the previous week
tomorrow the day after
next week the following week
tonight (today) that night(that day)
toThat not to If - whether
Direct and indirect
1
Said to told
Said said
that
I – you he- she
We they
Your his- her
then --at that
moment
before yet,
already, since, for
the following day,
the next day,
the future
Was +ing
were
had +p.p
would + inf
Was , were +going to+ inf
was, were + v + ing
just now / a moment ago / a short
time ago /says /say / tell/ tells / ask
/ asks / want to know / wants to
know / wonders
then --at that
moment
before yet,
already, since, for
the following day,
the next day,
the future
Was +ing
were
had +p.p
would + inf
Was , were +going to+ inf
was, were + v + ing
just now / a moment ago / a short
time ago /says /say / tell/ tells / ask
/ asks / want to know / wants to
know / wonders
7. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
The doctor said to me, " Stay in bed for three days."
stay in bed for three days.tomeadvisedThe doctor●
MR. Ahmed Al Daifi said to Nada, "Study hard for your exam."
exam.".herStudy hard fortoadaNedaskMR. Ahmed Al Daifi●
MR. Ahmed Al Daifi said to Ali, " Don't neglect your homework again."
homework again.hisneglectnot toliAwarnedMR. Ahmed Al Daifi●
(do-does)
I said to my brother, " Can you look these words up in a dictionary? "
words up in a dictionary.thoselookcouldheifmy brotheraskedI●
She said to her friend, " Do you help your mother cook dinner? "
mother cook dinner.herhelpedsheifher friendasked● She
She said to her friend, " did you help your mother cook yesterday ? "
.ay beforethe dmother cookherhelpedhadsheifher friendasked● She
MR. Ahmed Al Daifi said to Ali , " are you sick?"
".sickwasheifAliasked● MR. Ahmed Al Daifi
3Don' t(
said to
told / warned
advised
asked -ordered
not to
I – you he- she
We they
Your his- her
2
said to
told / warned
advised
asked -ordered
to
I – you he- she
We they
Your his- her
4
am-is-are-was-were-do-does-did-have-has-had-will-
said to
asked
Wanted to know
wonderedinquir
ed
if whether
weather
I – you he- she
We they
Your his- her
8. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
I said to him, " Where did you buy this nice jacket? "
bought that nice jacket.hadhewherehimaskedI●
He said to his friend , " How much sugar have you bought? "
bought.hadhehow much sugarhis friendaskedHe●
- He said, “ Where did you spend your summer holiday?”
He wanted to know where I had spent my summer holiday.
- He said, “ What are you doing now?”
= He asked what I was doing then.
-
1
-She says, “I don’t believe this story.” - She says she doesn’t believe that story.
-2
-She said, “If water freezes, it changes into ice.
- She said that if water freezes, it changes into ice.
-3
( now / just now / a moment ago / a minute ago / a short time ago / recently)
-He said just now, “I have already done my work.” - He said just now he has already done his work.
Notes
said to(v.ing
Suggested/admitted /denied /apologised for/objected to /insisted on
-He said, “Let’s discuss this question now.”
-He suggested discussing that question then.
-that
-He said, “I wasn’t there when the crime happened.”
- He denied being there when the crime happened.
- He denied that he had been there when the crime happened.
-said to(to + inf.
Promised / offered / advised / agreed / threatened / reminded/decided / Refused
-He said, “I’ll give you all the money you need.”
- He promised to give me all the money I needed.
-that
- He promised that he would give me all the money I needed.
5
what-where-how-why-when……………………………...…..(
said to
asked
Wanted to know
wonderedinquir
ed
I – you he- she
We they
Your his- her
9. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
Present deduction Past deduction
- I'm sure
- I'm certain
- I think
- I believe
- Certainly
- definitely
- I suppose
- Impossible
100 Must + inf. 100 must have + p.p.
-She wears a white coat and helps
a doctor. She must be a nurse.
-Ahmed was unhappy yesterday. He
must have lost the match against Ali.
Can't + inf. can't have + p.p.
- He can't be a teacher. He wears
a uniform and stands at a traffic
station.
- His favourite team lost the match
yesterday. He can’t have been happy.
-I'm not sure
-I'm not certain
- perhaps
- It is probable
-It is likely
70 may + inf. 70 may have + p.p.
- I’m not sure where Yara is.
She may be in the garden.
- I didn’t see Omer at school today. He
may have got up late. It’s likely
-it is possible
-I don't think so
-I don't believe
-I don't know
40 might + inf. 40 might have + p.p.
- I don’t know why he doesn’t
look happy. He might feel ill.
- I don’t think he won the race. He
might have lost it.
- couldn't have + p.p. - He couldn't have killed the man. He was in prison.
I wish I (see –saw- had seen – could see) him yesterday
I wish I (study – studied - had studied – could study) last year
I wish I (see –saw- had seen – could see) him now.
I wish I (know –knew- had known – could know) where I put my watch.
2were
I wish I were in London now . I wish the car were cheap.
could +.I , we
would +he, she ,it, they ,you
) him tomorrow.could meet–had met-met–meetI wish I (would
could meet) him tomorrow.–had met-met–would meetI wish they (
I wish to be a doctor ( to wish 1
2ing( regretI wish
I regret selling my car. = I wish I had not sold my car.
I hopeto be a doctor ( to hope 1
I hopeI will be a doctor ( will hope 1
Making deductions
Wishes and regrets( I wish , If only)
I hope
I wish
If only
10. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
ﻧ ﻓﻰ ﻳﻀﺎف ﻗﺼﯿﺮ ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﻤﺬﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﺆالﮫاﻟﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺎﻳﺔﻣﻌﻨﺎه و"ﻛﺬﻟﻚ أﻟﯿﺲ".
ﻳﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ و ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻓﻌﻞ أو ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺬﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال ﺘﻜﻮن.
ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻓﻌﻞ أو ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺪم ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻰdo / does / didاﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺐ.
إذااﻟﻌﻜﺲ و ﻣﻨﻔﻰ اﻟﻤﺬﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ.
1- They came by car, didn’t they?
2- Magi speaks English well, doesn’t she?
3- Dalia has typed the letters, hasn’t she?
4- Tom won’t be late, will he?
5- I shall visit you, shan’t I?
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت:
1-اﻵﺗﯿـﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺎتfew / little / never / seldom / hardly / rarely / no longer / neitherﻋـﻦ ﺗﻌﺒـﺮ
ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﻟﻤﺬﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺬﻟﻚ و اﻟﻨﻔﻰ.
- I will never speak to her again, will I?
- They rarely visit Japan, do they?
2-ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمtheyﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻻsomeone/somebody/everyone/everybody/no one/ nobody
- Nobody believes a liar, do they?
- Everyone has come to the party, haven’t they?
3-ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمitﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻻsomething / nothing / everything.
- Everything is ready, isn’t it?
4-اﻵﺗﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﻮاذ ﻻﺣﻆ.
1- Let’s go to the club, shall we?
2- Let us stay here, will (won’t) you?
3- I am a dentist, aren’t I?
4- Open the door, will you?
5-Don’t stay up late, will you?
6-This / That is fantastic, isn’t it?
5-اﻵﺗﯿﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎرات ﻻﺣﻆ:
- I’d rather have tea, wouldn’t I?
- We’d prefer to go to the club, wouldn’t we?
- We’d like to eat fish, wouldn’t we?
- You’d better stay in bed, hadn’t you?
- We’d better work to a plan, hadn’t we?
- It’s stopped raining, hasn’t it?
- It’s running fast, isn’t it?
6-اﻟﻤﺬﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻳﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺮاي اﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﺣﺘﻮت اذااﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ
- I believe(think-expect)ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ it’s going to rain, isn’t it?
7-اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺬي ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻨﺪ
-it's very important that we eat healthy food, isn't it?
8-ﺗﺤﺘﻮ ﻻ اﻟﺘﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺬﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻓﺎن رﺑﻂ أداة وﺟﻮد ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻰاﻟﺮﺑﻂ أداة ﻋﻠﻰ ى.
- I’ll help you if you ask, won’t I?
1- It is hot today, isn’t it ?isn’t it
ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺿﻤﯿﺮﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ
ﻣﻨﻔﻲ
’s
is has
P.PV=ing
wouldhad
’d
P.P ﻣﺼﺪر
’ll = will won’t = will not shan’t = shall not
question tag
11. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
Passive
- He looked tired yesterday because he had slept badly the night before.
,
- After / As soon as I had read the novel I saw the film.
- He bought a car after she had learned to drive.
- They couldn't go swimming because they had forgotten their swimsuits.
after / as soon as
- After I read (had read) the novel, I saw the film.
- As soon as I read (had read) the novel, I saw the film.
After / As soon as + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + ﺗﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻰ = Having + pp
- He bought a car after she had learned to drive. (Having)
Having learned to drive, she bought a car.
after / before / whenv. + ing
- After doing his homework, he went to bed.
- He had done his homework before going to bed.
- When seeing the police, the thief ran away.
- He looked tired yesterday because he had slept badly the night before.
,
- He finished his training. Then he got the job.
He had finished his training before he go the job.
- By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had started.
onwhen: ing
- When she saw the robber, she called the police.
On seeing the robber, she called the police.
till/ until
I didn't know the truth until I had met him.
After
as soon as
since
because
when
had + p.p
ﺗﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻲ)(had + p.pﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺎﺿﻲﺑﺴﯿﻂ)(v+ ed
After
as soon as
since
because
when
ﺗﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻲ)(had + p.pﻓﺎﻋﻞﻣﺎﺿﻲﺑﺴﯿﻂ)(v + ed
Past perfect
1
Before
By the time
When
By then
(v+ ed (had + p.p
(v+ ed (had + p.p
2
Before
By the time
When
By then
(had + p.p (didn't + inf 3
until
till
had been + p.p
12. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
- When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started.
- When I arrived home, my father had just left.
- It was the best novel I had ever read.
- The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned it yet.
- She said she had seen the film the night before.
- He looked tired yesterday because he had slept badly the night before.
- I had no sooner read the novel than I saw the film.
- No sooner had I read the novel than I saw the film.
- She had hardly learned to drive when he bought a car
- Hardly had she hardly learned to drive when he bought a car
since / for /
when / all day / all weekend
-
- They had been waiting for an hour when the train arrived.
- We'd been waiting for three hours before our plane took off.
- There were floods because it had been raining for three days.
wait / do / study / live / work / stay / play / watch / sleep / read / write / talk / run / walk / travel
- I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day.
- He had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.
- They had been waiting for an hour before the train arrived.
- What had he been doing when the accident happened?
- There were floods because it had been raining for three days.
- When I met Ahmed, he had finished typing 3 reports.
Past perfect continuous
had been + v + ing
No sooner
Hardly
scarcely
ﺗﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻲ)(v+ p.pﻓﺎﻋﻞhad
ﻣﺎﺿﻲﺑﺴﯿﻂ)(v+ ed
than
when
when
ﺗﺎم ﻣﺎﺿﻲ)(had + p.pﻓﺎﻋﻞﻣﺎﺿﻲﺑﺴﯿﻂ)(v + ed
4
No sooner
Hardly
scarcely
than
when
when
)v+ p.phadﻓﺎﻋﻞ
ﻣﺎﺿﻲﺑﺴﯿﻂ)(v+ ed
ﻣﺎﺿﻲﺑﺴﯿﻂ)(v+ ed
13. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
6- Grammar unit ( 12 ) " (Gerund ) ( v + ing )" &"( to + infinitive )"
1(gerund ) ( v + ing)
suggest
practise
finish
enjoy
don't feel like
keep on
recommend
avoid
admit
give up = quit
put off = postpone
go
It is no use (good)
can't stand
imagine = fancy
deny
consider
risk
miss
mind
Ali admitted taking my pen. The driver avoided hitting the young boy.
to(V +ing)
look forward to , owing to , due to , thanks to , take to
v to be+ used to(accustomed to) , object to = oppose to ,
Prefer + v + ing …to + v+ ing , lead to , in addition to ,
2–( to + infinitive )
agree
arrange
decide
expect
hope
learn
offer
plan
promise
want, need ,require
manage
refuse
wish
threaten
accept
can / could afford
dare
Pretend
Everyone agreed to meet at the airport. She offered to help her mother.
"tov to be + made make
He made us go out . We were made to go out.
(not to to 3
advise
ask
encourage
expect
force
help
invite
order
learn
allow
tell
want
warn
persuade
permit
Ex What do you expect me to do ? Ali's father advised his son to work harder.
My sister encourages me to plan for my future. The bad weather forced people to stay at home.
Ex He was asked to answer the questions. : 2
(allow, advise, permit ,recommend, encourage +v+ing ) : (ing3
Ex- They don't allow parking here. He advised buying this car .
4(to + infinitive or gerund )
V + ing to + inf
A) (begin start continue )
Ex It started raining = It started to rain
prefer)elove likhateB)(
1V + ing
2to + inf.this that here
would ('d)
I usually like playing football. I like playing games . ﻋﺎم
I would like to play football. ﺧﺎص I prefer to play football herenow.
( remember
forget
try
stop
regret)
ing)
to
14. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
6 - A) Grammar unit (13) "Relative clauses "اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ "
: ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ وﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ : ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ
This is the man
The doctor
who–
met her .
cured your brother is my cousin.
This is the man whom–
You met here.
This is the car which
I bought.
this is the man that I met.
This is the girl
The man
whose
(
my- his – her……)
bag was lost
suit is black is my uncle
This is the place
We have a garden
This is my school
where –
–
I was born . I lived
we have our tea.
I learnt
Summer is the time
Friday is the weekend
when We go to Alex.
all the family members meet.
1- What makes him a good
teacher is that he is polite.
what
2 This is what I bought
- Which.
This in my house which my father built
which
This is the article for the paper (in which – for which - at which - on which) he writes .
to read and write.in which) she learned-at whichto the meetings, (Aisha used to goDr
argued for women.)shein which-wrote many books and articles (at whichDr. Aisha
- That = who- whom - which
that*
that
1thatto wit-about-(in
who)is a doctor, is my friend–Ali,(thatthat) I live.-which-whom-(whoins is the flatThiEx
2thatonly)aloneallsome–
}thatthis is (was){ It
Ex Ali is the only boy that got bad marks in the exam. It was Ali that got the prize .
15. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
- Where.
This is meeting where ( in which) I learn
This is my bag where I put my books
[ where + ]
[ which + )
1. This is the house (which – where) I live. / This is the house (which – where) I live in.
(visit - buy – see – sell ).
2. The museum was the place ( which – where ) I had visited . )
3. This is the room (where- which) I study. / This is the room in (where- which) I study.
1) I bought.(whichThis is the car
ever.
nI have ever seestudentThis is the bestn a fox.have ever seee IIt is the first tim
2
inghere.livingThis is the man
ev to bv to be + pp = pp}
sent by my uncle arrived yesterday .which wasEx The letter
by my uncle, arrived yesterday.,sent= The letter
t, will increase the production.carried out in Egypwhich areEx Projects
= Projects , carried out in Egypt, will increase the production.
6- Grammar unit ( 15 ) Future Passive "
Key
words
In the future
Tomorrow
Next………….
(by+2020)(by+ tomorrow) (by
+next.) (by +the end of next…)
(by + 6 o'clock tomorrow)
(in a year's time) (in a month's time) (in a
day's time )(in a week's time )
active + will +
Examples
He will visit Cairo
tomorrow.
They will build a house
next month.
+ will have + P.P
Examples
He will have finished the project by
2020.
They will have built a house by next
month.
passive + will be + P.P
Examples
In the future, our energy
will be produced from wind
power.
Petrol and oil will not be
used as they are today.
+ will have been + P.P
Examples
The project will have been finished
by 2020.
The house will have been built by
next month
16. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
6-Grammar unit ( 18 ) " Modal Verbs "
1
)Present )Past Its uses
can ﻣﺼﺪر can’t ﻣﺼﺪر
=manage to ﻣﺼﺪر
= succeed in + v+ ing
=am, is, are + (not) able toﻣﺼﺪر
=have / has + the ability toﻣﺼﺪر
=am ,is are + capable of + ing
Couldﻣﺼﺪر couldn’t ﻣﺼﺪر
=managed to ﻣﺼﺪر
= succeeded in+ v+ ing
=was,were+(not) able toﻣﺼﺪر
=had + the ability toﻣﺼﺪر
was, were+ capable of+v ing
It is (was) (not)
possible allowed
In some countries, you can drive at the age of 17.(It is permitted by the law )ﻣﺴﻤﻮح
In some cities, people can't use their cars every day. (It is against the law.اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن )ﺿﺪ
2
)Present )Past Its uses
must ﻣﺼﺪر
have (has)to =need to = have got to ﻣﺼﺪر
don't(doesn't) have to ﻣﺼﺪر
needn't =ﻣﺼﺪر don’tdoesn't need to ﻣﺼﺪر
mustn’t ﻣﺼﺪر = can't ﻣﺼﺪر
had to ﻣﺼﺪر
had to ﻣﺼﺪر
needn’t have +p.p
didn’t have( need) to ﻣﺼﺪر
)اﺛﺒﺎت وﻻ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﯿﺲ(
It is (was) necessary
for…….toﻣﺼﺪر
It is (was) not
necessary for….toﻣﺼﺪر
It’s not allowed(banned
forbidden(illegal ) to
When you are on holiday, you don't need to go to bed early.
You needn’t (don’t have to don’t need to) come with us . We will go alone .
We needn’t have bought (didn’t have to buy) much food. We have a lot .
You mustn’t park here. It is forbidden.
3
Present Past Its uses
may ﻣﺼﺪر ()
might/could ﻣﺼﺪر
may have + p.p.
might (could)have + p.p.
It’s(was) probably likely
not sure
must be ( )
can’t be
must have + PP
can’t have + pp
It’s (was) almost sure
It’s (was) almost sure
I don't know where my bag is, I might have left it on the train.
The streets are wet. It must have rained last night.
4
Should ﺪرﻣﺼ = ought toﺪرﻣﺼ = had betterﺪرﻣﺼ = If I were you, I wouldﺪرﻣﺼ = (V to
be) to +ﻣﺼﺪر = It’s a good idea toﻣﺼﺪر = It’s advisable toﻣﺼﺪر
You had better not look at the sun. It's very dangerous.
You shouldn't look at the sun. It's very dangerous.
5
Should (ought to) have + P.P. = but he didn't :
= It was wrong of you not to = I blame……………………...for not + v+ ing
You should have done your homework yesterday.
17. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
n. / v +ing
Conjunctions
besides that
in addition
Examples
Besides that she cooked,
she did the washing up.
- In addition we went to
the market, we went to
the zoo.
besides
in addition to
as well as
Examples
-Besides cooking, she did the washing up.
-In addition to going to the market, we went to
the zoo.
-As well as going to the market we went to the
zoo.
n. / v +ing
Conjunctions
because
as
since
as long as
Examples
-I didn’t ask her to help me
because / as she was busy.
- As / Since she was busy, I
didn’t ask her to help me.
- As long as you are unfit,
you won't join the team.
because of
owing to
due to
thanks to
as a result of
Examples
-We lost the match due to playing badly.
-We didn’t play the match owing to bad weather.
-He went to the doctor’s because of his illness.
Thanks to working hard, he became a millionaire.
n. / v +ing
Conjunctions
So / thus / Hence For
this reason /
Because of that
Examples
It was raining, so we didn't go out.
The cause of / The reason for
Examples
- The reason for his considerable progress is
that he has been studying hard for a long time.
- The cause of ( us )not going out was that it
was raining.
1
Grammar unit (14) " Linking Words ( Conjunctions )
–
2
–
–
3
18. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
n. / v +ing
Conjunctions
1-Although=though=evenif=
even though + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + ﻓﻌﻞ ,…………
2- However + ﺣﺎلﺻﻔﺔ + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ
3- ﺻﻔﺔ ﺣﺎل + as + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + ﻓﻌﻞ
4-Whatever اﺳﻢ + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + ﻓﻌﻞ
5- (,but =, yet , however =. However,
) اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ
Examples
Although he is rich , he is unhappy.
Rich as he is , he is unhappy .
However rich he is , he is unhappy
Whatever richness he has , he is unhappy.
- Ali is rich, but (,however) he is happy.
In spite of / Despite
For all /Regardless of
+ v + ing,
+ أﺳﻢ، , أﺳﻢ+ﺻﻔﺔ
Examples
-In spite of being rich ,he is unhappy.
Despite his strength (being strong),
he couldn’t work.
واﺣﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ
*وﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺮر اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﺤﺬف اﻟﻔﻌﻼن واﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﮫ إذا
ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ)v + ing(
Ex –He studied. He watched TV.
, he watched TV.ngstudyiAs well as
*اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﺤﺬف اﻟﺼﻔﺔ أو اﻻﺳﻢ واﺧﺘﻠﻒ واﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﮫ إذا
واﻟﻔاﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت أو اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ وﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺮر ﻌﻞ
ﻣﺜﻞ.and
Ex He was a writer .He was a poet .
He was a writer as well as (and) a poet
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ1+اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ+as well as+اﻷول اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ
*اﻷول اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ أن أي
Ex I am wrong . He is wrong. (as well as )
I , as well as he, am wrong .
(ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﮭﺎن ) ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻓﯿﻦ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻓﻌﻼن ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ and ﻻﺣﻆ
Ex. He studied and watched TV .
He studied as well as watching TV .
2 – Not only ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + .…اﻟﻔﻌﻞbut also = Not only ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + اﻟﻔﻌﻞ … ......as well.
اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ not only …...but also … .... Not only 1..ﻓﺎﻋﻞbut also 2ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + 2ﻓﻌﻞ
واﺣﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ
ﺳﺆال ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ و اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ أول Not only 1-أﻣﺎﺗﻮﺿﻊ
واﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻤﻮل not only 2-أوﻧﻀﻊ
اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ but also ﺗﻮﺿﻊ و *
Ex. He wrote the letter. He sent it.
Not only did he write the letter but also
( he ) sent it .
He not only wrote the letter but also
( he ) sent it .
Not only …1..ﻓﺎﻋﻞbut also2ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + 2ﻓﻌﻞ
2ﻓﻌﻞ ( اﻷﻗﺮب ) اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ أن .أي
ﻣﺜﻞ Neither 1اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ nor 2اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ + 2اﻟﻔﻌﻞ
Either 1ﻞاﻟﻔﺎﻋ or 2ﻞاﻟﻔﺎﻋ + 2ﻞاﻟﻔﻌ
وﻟﻜﻦ Neither of/Either of+ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل + ﻣﻔﺮد ﻓﻌﻞ
ﻣﻊ وﻟﻜﻦ Both … and../Both of ﻣﻔﻌﻮل + ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ
Not only I but also he is a teacher.
Neither of the boys is absent.
D) The purpose clause اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻐﺮض The purpose phrase اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﻐﺮض
A ( ﻟﻜﻲ ) can may ﻣﺼﺪر
so that + ﻓﺎﻋﻞ could/ mightﻣﺼﺪر
in order that will be able toﻣﺼﺪر
could can اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺑﻌﺪ not ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ *
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ couldmight و اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ﻓﻲ canmay *
* lest = for fear that ﻓﺎﻋﻞ should ﻣﺼﺪر
C ( to / in order to / so as to + اﻟﻤﺼﺪر )
Ex-He worked hard so as to finish early .
- He worked hard so that he could finish early
to ﻗﺒﻞ not اﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ *
* so as not in order not to ﻣﺼﺪر
= * for fear of + v + ing/ اﺳﻢ
She studied hard for fear of failure.
2
4
19. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
She studied hard lest she should fail.
Noun + Preposition +
reason for apology for
cause of an answer to
increase in a solution to
decrease in a reply to
problem of a supply of
damage to an obstacle to
Adjective + Preposition +
Brilliant at Crowded with
Wonderful at Bored with
Good at Ashamed of
Clever at Proud of
Bad at Afraid of
Terrible at Frightened of
20. 01111 44 66 77 3 grammarMr. Ahmed Al Daifi
famous for terrified of
responsible for scared of
keen on worried about
interested in excited about
angry with happy about
annoyed with sorry about / for
disappointed with mad about
pleased with sad about
delighted with crazy about
Prepositions after verbs
find out about complain to
apply for object to
belong to look for
apologize to complain about
work for consist of
go on die of
escape from suffer from
blame … for crash into
help in / with care for
hear from accuse of
hear of / about congratulate on
apologize for concentrate on
prevent from dream of / about
protect from / against depend on
recover from rely on
charge … with believe in
result from succeed in
hope for result in