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The document discusses community-based tourism (CBT) projects in Southern Africa and the roles of different stakeholders. It summarizes that CBT aims to decentralize conservation and development by empowering local communities and allowing them to benefit economically from tourism. However, it notes several challenges, including unclear expectations between implementers and communities, the high costs of community participation, and potential dependencies created by CBT projects. It raises questions about how to ensure local ownership and support for projects while also developing self-reliance.
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current trends in development assistance towards greater donor harmonization
and the associated processes within Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), the
shift from project support to budget support, and the drive for greater “efficiency”
may further limit donors’ capacity to support pro-poor local initiatives. It also
discusses how these trends in development assistance are marginalizing support
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initiatives on the ground. These include the constraints related to their own structures
and the political systems in which they are embedded, and those related to
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current trends in development assistance towards greater donor harmonization
and the associated processes within Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), the
shift from project support to budget support, and the drive for greater “efficiency”
may further limit donors’ capacity to support pro-poor local initiatives. It also
discusses how these trends in development assistance are marginalizing support
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and action.
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1) How communications media spread information and values globally, creating a "global village".
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Sarah Stroman - Currently serving as Community Impacts Specialist in TxDOTs Environmental Affairs Division and Project Director for TxDOT Research Project, 0-6544, Appraisal of Available Analytical Tools to Assess Environmental Justice Impacts of Toll Road Projects. Sarah also served as a member of the Project Monitoring Committee for TxDOT Research Project 0-5208, Identifying, Measuring and Mitigating Environmental Justice Impacts of Toll Roads.
Brandy Huston - Member of the Programs Management Section in TxDOTs Environmental Affairs Division. Brandy has also served as an Environmental Specialist in TxDOTs Bryan District and has worked with FHWA to develop Joint Guidance for Project and Network Level Environmental Justice, Regional Network Land Use and Air Quality Analyses for Toll Roads.
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1) Livelihoods and gender analysis should be conducted during project identification and design to inform targeting strategies and ensure equitable beneficiary outreach.
2) The analysis uses a sustainable livelihoods framework to understand community resources, activities, vulnerabilities, and how these differ by gender.
3) Fieldwork methods include interviews, focus groups, and tools to assess access to assets, decision-making, and seasonal impacts.
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2 alastair upton. alastair's presentation - bilbao
This document contains a single website address, www.creativefoundation.org.uk, repeated multiple times. The document provides contact information for the Creative Foundation organization but does not include any other details.
Driving sustainable & competitive tourism across europe
This document discusses sustainable and competitive tourism across Europe. It focuses on Iceland's tourism industry, which accounts for 5% of Iceland's GDP and 28% of national currency revenue. Tourism in Iceland has increased 24% from 2013-2014, with around 1 million visitors in 2014. The document outlines Iceland's natural, cultural, and infrastructure resources for tourism. It also discusses challenges like seasonality and environmental impacts. The document calls for long-term planning, environmental protection, quality services, and a cohesive European tourism strategy to ensure sustainable growth of the industry across the region.
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2 alastair upton. alastair's presentation - bilbao
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ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
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National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
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The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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7 stamm updated
- 1. Caro Stamm Lecturer ◊ Best-Sabel University of Applied Sciences Berlin PhD candidate ◊ University of Lincoln
- 2. Photo by Dan Stephens
- 5. The three premises of „New Conservation‟ (Hulme & Murphree 1999) • Decentralisation Conservation should move from being state-centric to being more based in society Conservation rooted at the local level: empowerment and ownership • Sustainable development Both conservation and development goals at the same time NOT “environmental imperialism” Two extremes: Sustainable utilization vs. biodiversity fundamentalists • Free market thinking Uniqueness and scarcity of species will lead to high economic values being placed on them likelihood of conservation greatly improved
- 6. Resources CBO Cultural (people) Accountable Natural (e.g. elephants) and legal entity Com m unity use benefits for wider development goals Governm ent CBNRM policy Donors Development funds for tourism as livelihood option Private Sector Joint Venture Partnerships Bilateral Agreement NGO NGOs 1. Play essential role in formulation of CBNRM policy, i.e. vesting of rights 2. Facilitate drafting of constitution spelling out rights of community and responsibilities of committee 3. Act as advisor to the community during JV negotiations with PS
- 7. Strengths • Have experience in working with local communities • Can develop capacity at community level • Have information about and access to specific market segments • Advise communities during negotiations with private sector • Lobby for more responsible tourism and interests of local communities • Are able to identify and develop alternative livelihood options • May have capacity to strengthen the role of disadvantaged groups and weaknesses • Lack sufficient business and marketing skills • Lack professionalism in developing tourism products • May offer only limited support due to dependence on external funding • Values may conflict with commercial viability of CBT ventures • Interests of NGOs and local communities may conflict
- 8. 49 semi-structured interviews in four southern African countries • NGOs 41% • Academics 20% • Private Sector 16% • Government 15% • Community 8% Data analysis by means of • Position analysis • Agency analysis Development of heuristics • Ambivalence and inconsistency • Self-narratives and own theories • „C-families‟: causes, consequences and conditions • Gradual families: degree, intensity and scope • Process families: stages, phases and progression
- 9. Powerful! • Withhold participation Overtly, e.g. boycotting meetings Covertly, e.g. apathy, lack of enthusiasm • Bargaining powers Learnt to tell us what we want to hear Sophisticated consumers of development projects Passive receivers Comparing support organisations of development aid based on highest perceived value (Self-)constructed Apparent incapability as discourse of dependency actual strategy of „lying low‟ Lack of interest „Wait and see‟ mentality due to experiences with outsider intervention Powerless? • Passive Incapability of taking initiative No local leadership • Disorganised Inability to plan ahead Limited understanding of their own responsibilities „Unwilling‟ „By choice‟
- 10. Success • Conceptual gap between implementers‟ and receivers‟ expectations and understanding of e.g. benefits (example education) • Monitoring and evaluation of CBT projects are weak, e.g. quantifying community benefits • Redefining „a good partnership‟, e.g. need to recognise communities as credible partners and no longer as „trouble‟ Participation • Misconception that community members will automatically support CBNRM/ CBT initiatives (collective vs. individual benefit) • Opportunity cost, i.e. the high cost of participation • Tourism favours already existing elites Dependence • Skills needed locally to meet Western style accounting and administration requirements • Ambivalence of promoting self-reliance and full community empowerment vs. losing control working themselves out of a job • Disengagement strategies essentially need to be centred on the development agents • The higher the level of local ownership the more support is needed
- 11. Dependency Can heavily expert/expat led projects be sustainable? Sustainability What constitutes a successful CBT project (and for whom)? Participation Is active community participation a deal breaker?