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This document discusses interest groups and their activities. It defines interest groups as groups of citizens who share common interests and try to influence policy. It describes different types of interest groups and their purposes, which include representation, participation, education, and agenda building. The document also discusses factors that motivate group formation, such as common problems or threats. It provides examples of influential interest group leaders and the types of benefits groups provide their members, such as material, solidary, and expressive benefits. Finally, it outlines different lobbying strategies used by interest groups, including direct and indirect lobbying.
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Interest Groups
The document discusses interest groups and political action committees (PACs) in the United States. It provides background on the growth of interest groups and reasons for their proliferation, including economic developments, government agencies, and technology. Various types of interest groups are described such as traditional economic groups, public interest groups, and ideological groups. Tactics used by interest groups like lobbying, campaign contributions, and media are also summarized. The rise of PACs is covered, explaining how they raise funds for candidates within certain contribution limits.
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This document discusses interest groups and their role in influencing public policy. It defines interest groups as private organizations that work to shape policy on issues their members care about. It compares interest groups to political parties, noting they differ in how they make nominations, their primary focus, and scope of interests. The document also outlines how interest groups try to influence policy through lobbying legislators, campaign contributions, and grassroots advocacy. It discusses both benefits of interest groups in political participation and potential criticisms around disproportionate influence.
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Interest Groups
Interest groups are organizations that represent shared policy goals and try to influence the policy process. They pursue their goals through lobbying, gaining access to decision makers, litigation, and going public to mobilize support. There are many theories that explain interest group influence, including pluralism, which argues groups compete democratically, and elite theory, which claims a powerful upper class rules. Successful interest groups are small to avoid free rider problems, focus on intense issues, and have financial resources to access politicians. They use propaganda techniques like plain folks, transfer, and bandwagon appeals to shape public opinion.
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This document discusses interest groups and their role in influencing public policy. It defines interest groups as private organizations that work to shape policy on issues their members care about. It compares interest groups to political parties, noting they differ in how they make nominations, their primary focus, and scope of interests. The document also outlines how interest groups try to influence policy through lobbying legislators, campaign contributions, and grassroots advocacy. It discusses both benefits of interest groups in political participation and potential criticisms around disproportionate influence.
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The document defines conflict as an opposition of needs, values, and interests that can occur internally within a person or externally between two or more individuals, groups, or organizations. Conflict in political terms can refer to wars, revolutions, or other struggles that may involve force. The document goes on to discuss different types of conflict including personal conflict and nation-to-nation conflict. It also summarizes three main theories of international relations: liberal theory which believes human nature is good, realist theory which views the world as chaotic with states focused on survival, and radical theory which sees conflict arising from uneven distribution of resources between the rich and poor.
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Interest groups are organizations that represent shared policy goals and try to influence the policy process. They pursue their goals through lobbying, gaining access to decision makers, litigation, and going public to mobilize support. There are many theories that explain interest group influence, including pluralism, which argues groups compete democratically, and elite theory, which claims a powerful upper class rules. Successful interest groups are small to avoid free rider problems, focus on intense issues, and have financial resources to access politicians. They use propaganda techniques like plain folks, transfer, and bandwagon appeals to shape public opinion.
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International relations refers to the interactions between countries, including states, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multinational corporations. As an academic discipline, international relations studies how these different actors cooperate and conflict across borders. The key factors that influence relations between countries include geographic, economic, demographic, and strategic considerations. Geography, the size of a country's population and economy, and strategic location all impact a country's foreign policy and interactions with other international actors.
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Interest groups are organizations whose members share views and objectives and work to influence public policy. They lobby on issues, educate the public, and shape debates. Though sometimes seen as having too much influence, they represent diverse interests and can mobilize grassroots support. Major interest groups include business, labor, agricultural, and professional associations as well as causes around civil rights, the environment, and religious or public interests.
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International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
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The document summarizes different types of international conflicts:
- Contemporary wars are occurring in the global South, particularly in Iraq, Western Sudan, and Afghanistan. Most peace agreements in postwar zones are holding.
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Interest groups have become more common in the US due to the many divisions in American society and opportunities for groups to engage with the government system. Major periods of growth for interest groups included the late 1700s during independence movements, the 1830s-1860s during debates over slavery, and the 1900s onward as groups like the NAACP and farmers' unions organized. People join interest groups for social, material, and ideological reasons, and groups engage in activities like providing information to legislators, grassroots organizing, litigation, and lobbying to influence public policy. While money and campaign contributions can influence policy, other strategies may be more effective. Interest groups are regulated through disclosure requirements and tax laws.
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An interest or pressure group is an organized association that aims to influence the policies or actions of government. Sectional groups advance or protect the (usually material) interests of their members, while promotional ones are concerned with shared values, ideals or principles. Whereas insider groups enjoy privileged access to policy formulation, outsider groups lack access to government and so are forced to 'go public'.
Group politics has been understood in a number of ways. Pluralism emphasizes the dispersal of power and the ability of groups to guarantee democratic accountability. Corporatism highlights the privileged position that certain groups enjoy in relation to government. The New Right draws attention to the threat that groups pose in terms of over-government and economic inefficiency.
Organized groups benefit the political system by strengthening representation, promoting debate and discussion, broadening political participation and acting as a check on government power. They may, nevertheless, pose a threat, in that they en trench political inequality, are socially and politically divisive, exercise non-legitimate and unaccountable power, and make the policy process more closed and secretive.
Interest groups exert influence through a variety of channels, including the bureaucracy, the assembly, the courts, the mass media, the parties and international bodies. The level of influence that groups have in a particular system, however, relates to how accommodating that system is to group activity in general, and to what access points it offers groups in terms of the distribution of policy-making power.
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The document discusses several key aspects of liberal theories in international relations. It covers:
1) Early liberal thinkers like Kant who argued that states could cooperate through international organizations and that democracies are more peaceful.
2) 19th century liberalism focused on free trade increasing interdependence and making war less likely.
3) Wilsonian idealism promoted collective security and international law to prevent war.
4) Neoliberal institutionalism sees states cooperating through international regimes when it is in their self-interest to do so and institutions help address collective action problems.
5) Concepts like collective security, international regimes, and the democratic peace theory are discussed as key aspects of modern liberal
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Political parties in the US began with Federalists versus Democratic-Republicans and evolved into the modern Democratic and Republican parties. Interest groups try to influence policy through lobbying elected officials and mobilizing public support. Both parties and interest groups play important roles in elections, policymaking, and representing various constituencies in the political process.
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This document discusses interest groups and their role in influencing policy. It defines interest groups as groups of citizens who share common interests and try to influence policy. It describes different types of interest groups, such as proactive, reactive, homogeneous, and heterogeneous groups. It also outlines some of the functions of interest groups, including representation, participation, education, agenda building, and program monitoring. Finally, it discusses factors that motivate individuals to join interest groups, such as common problems or threats, leadership, and different types of benefits members may receive.
Interest Groups
This document discusses interest groups and their role in influencing policy. It defines interest groups as groups of citizens who share common interests and try to influence policy. It describes different types of interest groups and some of their key functions, such as representation, agenda building, and program monitoring. The document also discusses factors that motivate individuals to join interest groups, such as common problems, leadership, and material, solidary, and expressive benefits. Finally, it outlines some examples of interest groups organized around attributes like age, race, gender, and issues like the environment, consumers, and reproductive rights. It also distinguishes between direct and indirect lobbying techniques.
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Interest groups
Interest groups are organizations whose members share views and objectives and work to influence public policy. They lobby on issues, educate the public, and shape debates. Though sometimes seen as having too much influence, they represent diverse interests and can mobilize grassroots support. Major interest groups include business, labor, agricultural, and professional associations as well as causes around civil rights, the environment, and religious or public interests.
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International relations as a practice of interaction among states, and among state and non-state actors are thousands of years old
However, International Relations (IR) as an academic discipline studying these relations emerged as a specialized field after WW1.
Like every other academic discipline, International Relations (IR) has developed its own distinctive subject matter since its emergence
This presentation explains the scope and the subject matter of IR with the help of its five pillars- Aim, Actors, Agenda, Arena, and Actions
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This document outlines the course schedule and content for an international relations course. It covers four chapters: an introduction to international relations and states; non-state actors; intergovernmental organizations; and problems and challenges. The document then provides details on defining and types of non-state actors, including NGOs, multinational corporations, nationalist movements, violent groups, religious groups, and humanitarian organizations. It also briefly discusses Greenpeace, imperialism, and globalization.
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The document summarizes different types of international conflicts:
- Contemporary wars are occurring in the global South, particularly in Iraq, Western Sudan, and Afghanistan. Most peace agreements in postwar zones are holding.
- Types of war include hegemonic war, total war, limited war, civil war, and guerrilla war. The largest drivers of conflict are ethnic, religious, ideological, territorial, governmental, and economic. Nationalism has also been a major force shaping conflicts over the past two centuries.
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Comparative politics examines how governments are structured and function in different countries around the world. It looks at governmental institutions, public policy, political behavior of leaders and citizens, and political culture. Comparative politics focuses on individual countries, while international relations examines relations between countries. Studying comparative politics broadens understanding of other political systems and helps develop a more sophisticated view of politics globally.
Interest Groups
Interest groups have become more common in the US due to the many divisions in American society and opportunities for groups to engage with the government system. Major periods of growth for interest groups included the late 1700s during independence movements, the 1830s-1860s during debates over slavery, and the 1900s onward as groups like the NAACP and farmers' unions organized. People join interest groups for social, material, and ideological reasons, and groups engage in activities like providing information to legislators, grassroots organizing, litigation, and lobbying to influence public policy. While money and campaign contributions can influence policy, other strategies may be more effective. Interest groups are regulated through disclosure requirements and tax laws.
GROUPS, INTERESTS AND MOVEMENTS
An interest or pressure group is an organized association that aims to influence the policies or actions of government. Sectional groups advance or protect the (usually material) interests of their members, while promotional ones are concerned with shared values, ideals or principles. Whereas insider groups enjoy privileged access to policy formulation, outsider groups lack access to government and so are forced to 'go public'.
Group politics has been understood in a number of ways. Pluralism emphasizes the dispersal of power and the ability of groups to guarantee democratic accountability. Corporatism highlights the privileged position that certain groups enjoy in relation to government. The New Right draws attention to the threat that groups pose in terms of over-government and economic inefficiency.
Organized groups benefit the political system by strengthening representation, promoting debate and discussion, broadening political participation and acting as a check on government power. They may, nevertheless, pose a threat, in that they en trench political inequality, are socially and politically divisive, exercise non-legitimate and unaccountable power, and make the policy process more closed and secretive.
Interest groups exert influence through a variety of channels, including the bureaucracy, the assembly, the courts, the mass media, the parties and international bodies. The level of influence that groups have in a particular system, however, relates to how accommodating that system is to group activity in general, and to what access points it offers groups in terms of the distribution of policy-making power.
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The document discusses several key aspects of liberal theories in international relations. It covers:
1) Early liberal thinkers like Kant who argued that states could cooperate through international organizations and that democracies are more peaceful.
2) 19th century liberalism focused on free trade increasing interdependence and making war less likely.
3) Wilsonian idealism promoted collective security and international law to prevent war.
4) Neoliberal institutionalism sees states cooperating through international regimes when it is in their self-interest to do so and institutions help address collective action problems.
5) Concepts like collective security, international regimes, and the democratic peace theory are discussed as key aspects of modern liberal
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Japan retained its culture while modernizing. It established its first legislature called the Imperial Diet in 1890. The Japanese constitution established representative democracy, though citizens only have the powers granted by the constitution. Local residents have broader participation rights. Political participation is limited, so many citizens are uninterested. Japanese political relations are based on hierarchy and accepting authority. A sense of conformism and group loyalty dominates. Politicians rise through consensus building, not personality. Factions have long influenced domestic politics.
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This document provides an introduction to comparative politics and key definitions. It discusses three approaches to studying comparative politics: political systems, political behavior, and institutional approaches. It also defines key political science concepts like the state, sovereignty, nationalism, and different models of the relationship between states and nations. The document outlines different types of political systems such as unitary states, federations, and confederations. It also discusses concepts like constitutions, regimes, ideologies, and separations of power.
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Political parties in the US began with Federalists versus Democratic-Republicans and evolved into the modern Democratic and Republican parties. Interest groups try to influence policy through lobbying elected officials and mobilizing public support. Both parties and interest groups play important roles in elections, policymaking, and representing various constituencies in the political process.
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For this discussion, answer the following:
Why is it important to examine wealth along with income? Be sure to discuss how the measure of wealth differs from income as well as trends.
Why is it important to consider the ethnic make-up of surgeons, lawyers, news reporters, or government officials?
How is wealth distributed? What groups of people have wealth in the U.S. (is it evenly distributed or do some people hold the majority of the wealth, if so who are they?)?
What impact does race have on an individual's ability to access certain jobs, or the types of jobs that offer upward mobility for the many rather than the few?
Americans often claim that individuals should be willing to accept any job, but what part do cultural beliefs play in the motivation to accept and keep a low-income job? What are the social costs of this? Do these outweigh the potentially meager income benefits?
Response Guidelines
Respond to at least two learners. Address whether you agree or disagree with your peer's response. Support your opinion with information from this week's readings.
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Mainstream to Alternative NGO
This presentation shows the different between the mainstream NGOs as the classical methods and alternative NGO which is widely used now among different organizations .
Advocacy and Lobbying
Learning resources compiled by S.Rengasamy for the students doing their Bachelor and Master of Social Work Course
C7_D11 Community Participation and Empowerment_Rabindra Nath Sabat
Community participation and empowerment involve three key concepts - participation, community, and empowerment.
[1] Participation refers to the level and phase of involvement of community members, from merely being informed to acting together in partnerships. It is important to identify who is involved from the community.
[2] A community is a group of interacting people living in a common location who have developed social bonds and a shared identity. Key factors that define a community include its history, social and economic characteristics, and culture.
[3] Empowerment is the process of enhancing people's freedom of choice and ability to influence decisions affecting their lives. It involves access to information, participation, accountability, and building local organizational
(Chapter 16 Internationa! Diversity and Facing the Future .docx
This document summarizes recommendations for organizations to promote diversity and inclusion at multiple levels. It recommends that organizations appoint an executive leader responsible for diversity, ensure management at all levels supports diversity, conduct fair hiring practices, provide training and mentoring programs, monitor promotion rates, and support employee resource groups. The key ideas are that organizational commitment from top to bottom is needed, human resource practices must be evaluated for fairness, and diversity efforts require long-term strategies rather than just quick fixes.
Non Profit Organizations Paper
This document proposes a research project on non-profit organizations. Specifically, it focuses on conducting research on the New Zealand Red Cross, a large non-profit in New Zealand. The proposal outlines the research question, aim, literature review methodology, targets, and project management aspects of studying the NZ Red Cross. The goal is to better understand how the organization mobilizes resources to help vulnerable communities in line with its core values of integrity, partnership, diversity, leadership and innovation.
Community participation issues
This document outlines the role of community participation in public health. It defines key terms like civil society and community. A community is a group sharing beliefs and understanding. Community participation is defined by WHO as enabling people to be actively involved in issues affecting their lives. Benefits include education, advocacy, mobilizing resources, and problem identification. Barriers include lack of control and issues being non-goal oriented. Recommendations are to represent public interests in policy, ensure equitable resource allocation, and leverage existing community institutions like religious groups and schools.
Youth engagement and public policy 1
The document discusses engaging youth in civic participation and public policy decision making to improve child well-being. It reviews research finding that coupling youth engagement and community change requires significant time and resources. The author proposes further exploring mechanisms for involving youth in decision making around issues that affect them and linking it to policy change.
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C7_D11 Community Participation and Empowerment_Rabindra Nath Sabat
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The document summarizes various corruption scandals that occurred during Ulysses S. Grant's presidency from 1869 to 1877, known as the "Era of Good Stealings". Speculators Jim Fisk and Jay Gould tried to corner the gold market, while the Secretary of the Treasury allowed private citizens to collect taxes in exchange for large commissions. Several cabinet members and the Attorney General were also found to have accepted bribes and misused government funds and contracts for personal gain. The Whiskey Ring conspiracy involved bribing IRS agents to avoid liquor taxes. The Credit Mobilier scandal revealed that Congress members received stock in the railroad company at below market value.
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Several US politicians faced scandals related to inappropriate sexual behavior while in office. Representative Wilbur Mills had an affair with a stripper named Fannie Foxe. Senator Bob Packwood faced unspecified allegations. Senator Larry Craig was arrested in an undercover sting for allegedly soliciting sex in an airport bathroom. Senator Al Franken resigned from Congress after multiple allegations of inappropriate conduct, including groping a woman during a USO tour.
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State Legislatures
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Interest groups
- 4. Interest groups are groups of citizens who: (1) Share common interest (2)Try to influence policy What are some types of interest groups? Proactive Interest Groups Reactive Interest Groups Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Groups
- 6. Representation Participation Education Agenda Building Provision of Program Alternatives Program Monitoring
- 8. Common Problem orThreat “There is a disturbance in the Force…” Example: NSF Funding for My Research! Resource Advantage Money, Membership Size, Leadership, Information Effective Leadership Importance of interest group entrepreneurs
- 9. Cesar Chavez United FruitWorkers Ralph Nader Consumer Protection Candy Lightner Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
- 11. Material Benefits Tangible rewards that members can actually use Solidary Benefits Derived from interaction and bonding with others Expressive Benefits Internal rewards; Being a part of worthy cause
- 14. AGE RACE AND ETHNICITY
- 19. REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS OTHER GROUPS
- 20. DIRECT LOBBYING “Inside Lobbying” Interaction with decision makers in government INDIRECT LOBBYING “Outside Lobbying” Mobilizes general public to contact govt. officials on given issue
- 22. DIRECT LOBBYING “Inside Lobbying” Interaction with actual decision makers in government INDIRECT LOBBYING “Outside Lobbying” Mobilizes general public to contact officials on given issue