This document summarizes a journal club presentation by Asmita Gautam on an article about knowledge, attitudes, and preventative practices related to COVID-19 among university populations in Pakistan. The presentation provides details on the selected article, journal, authors, methods, results, and conclusions. It evaluates an article published in Drugs & Therapy Perspectives that studied COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices using a cross-sectional survey of 417 students and employees at two universities in Lahore, Pakistan. The presentation concludes that while knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19 were satisfactory, preventative practices were inadequate among the university populations studied.

1. Journal Club Presentation
Presented By:
Name: Asmita Gautam
Roll No: 07
BPH, VIII Semester, SHAS, PU.
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2. Presented for the partial fulfillment of requirement
of
PHA 451 Journal Club/Health Seminar
of
Bachelor of Public Health, VIII Semester,
School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University
under the cardinal supervision of
Assistant Professor Dr. Hari Prasad Kaphle
By
Asmita Gautam
Symbol number: 17370184
PU registration number: 2016-1-37-0108
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3. Selected Article for Presentation
• Authors: Muhammad Salman, Zia Ul Mustafa, Noman Asif, Haider Abbas
Zaidi, Khalid Hussain, Naureen Shehzadi, Tahir Mehmood Khan & Zikria
Saleem. Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19:
a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations.
• Journal : Drugs & Therapy Perspectives
• doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00737-7
• Year: May 9, 2020
• Volume: 36 (issue 12, December 2020)
• Pages: 319 - 325
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4. Journal Information
• Hybrid Open access
• peer-reviewed
• Supports healthcare professionals working in clinical settings by publishing
concise, authoritative review articles
• It focuses on the practical application of research and best evidence for
healthcare professionals.
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5. Journal Information contd..
• Impact Factor: 0.210 (which is just updated in 2020 )
• The latest h-index is 6.
• SJR Indicator : 0.131
• The ISSN print of the journal is 1172-0360 and Electric ISSN is 1179-1977.
• Publisher : Aids International ltd.
• The acceptance rate is still under calculation.
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6. Journal Information contd..
Editors Emeriti:
• Professor Chris Alderman, Bpharm PhD FSHP BCPP CGP. University of
South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
• Professor Richard Day, MBBS MD FRACP. St Vincent’s Clinical School,
University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
• Dr William Frishman, MD. New York Medical College/Westchester
Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
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7. Journal Information contd..
• Dr David J. Greenblatt, MD. Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA
• Ms Hannelore Kreckel, Clinical pharmacist. Pharmacy Department,
University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
• Dr Howard I. Maibach, MD. University of California San Francisco School
of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8. Critical Appraisal of Journal
• Peer reviewed
• Paid journal
• Easy accessibility of the articles once accepted by the journal.
• Inclusion on google scholar and all major indexing cites.
• Impact factor is not good.
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9. Tittle of Article
Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-
sectional study in two Pakistani university populations.
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10. Critical Appraisal of Tittle
• The title indicates the topic and focus of the study.
• The title clearly reflects aims and objectives of the study.
• Indication of study population and study method.
• The title gives the idea of study population and study area.
• Objective is predictable through the title of the study.
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11. Authors
Authors are:
• Muhammad Salman & Zikria Saleem, Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, 1-Km Defense Road,
Lahore, Pakistan
• Zia Ul Mustafa, District Headquarter Hospital, Pakpattan, Pakistan
• Noman Asif, Khalid Hussain & Naureen Shehzadi, Punjab University
College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
• Noman Asif & Haider Abbas Zaidi, Gulab Devi Educational Complex,
Lahore, Pakistan
• Tahir Mehmood Khan, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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12. Critical Appraisal of Authors
• The names of authors are mentioned clearly.
• Number of Authors 9.
• The author’s credentials are not mentioned.
• The authors past experience and area of expertise are not mentioned.
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13. Abstract
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14. Critical Appraisal of Abstract
• Abstract of the article is structured but key words aren’t mentioned.
• It is comprehensive in its content.
• Short and Informative
• Gives the gist of whole text.
• Appropriate in its length.
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15. Introduction
• Coronaviruses are large, enveloped, RNA viruses, categorised into four
genera; alpha, beta, delta and gamma.
• In late December 2019, an outbreak of novel coronavirus, initially called
2019-nCoV but later named SARS-CoV2, appeared in Wuhan, China.
• In just a few months, it swept across the world, becoming a global
pandemic
• As there is no vaccine or approved cure for COVID-19, it is of immense
importance that the public have good knowledge about the individual
measures (physical distancing, proper hand hygiene, use of a face mask and
respiratory etiquette) that will serve as the first line of defense against this
disease
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16. Contd..
• On 27 March 2020, it was estimated there were 13,328 COVID-19 cases
(10,018 active cases, 281 deaths and 3029 recoveries) across the country.
• The present study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and
preventive practices of COVID-19 among Pakistani university students and
employees
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17. Critical Appraisal of Introduction
• Introduction is meaningful and is built on existing literatures.
• There were not much data regarding cases of COVID-19.
• Research questions or hypothesis are not stated in the introduction.
• All the citations are followed with correct references in the list of
references.
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18. Materials and methods
• Target Population: undergraduate and postgraduate students and employees
• Target Area : Two higher educational institutions in Lahore, Pakistan,
namely the University of Lahore and the Gulab Devi Educational Complex.
• Study design : Institution based cross-sectional study
• Study Population: students and employees at two higher educational
institutions in Lahore, Pakistan, namely the University of Lahore and the
Gulab Devi Educational Complex.
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19. Contd..
• Sample Size: 377 (calculated using the Raosoft sample size calculator by
keeping a margin of error of 5%, a 95% confidence interval, a population size
of 20,000, and a 50% response distribution).
• Sampling :A convenient sampling method was used to recruit the study
participants.
• Data collection duration : 22 February to 12 March 2020
• Procedure: A self-administered questionnaire was designed.
• Non response rate: 15%
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20. Contd..
• Statistical Analysis : Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 for
Windows. Number and percentages were presented for categorical
variables, and mean ± standard deviation (SD) were presented for
continuous variables. The independent t test and analysis of variance were
used to determine significance, where applicable, and a p value < 0.05 was
considered to indicate statistical significance.
• Ethical Approval: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics
Committee of the Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy,
the University of Lahore (REC/DPP/FOP/12). Verbal consent was obtained
from each participant prior to their enrollment. Moreover, all current
COVID-19 preventative measures were used during data collection.
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21. Critical Appraisal of Materials and Methods
• Design was appropriate for the study.
• The sample is representative of the population interest.
• Confidentiality and dignity was well maintained.
• There is not any evidence of sampling error and sample bias.
• Methodology was informative.
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22. Contd..
• Adequate sample size.
• All ethical standard were followed.
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23. Results
• A total of 492 individuals were approached, with 417 giving consent and
being enrolled in the study (response rate 84.8%).
• Of 417 participants, 416 were aware of COVID-19; the major source of
their information was social media (62.0%).
• A wide majority of the study participants knew COVID-19 was caused by a
virus, but only 58.9% knew it was not a water-borne disease and 44.7% did
not know the incubation period of COVID-19.
• . The mean knowledge score was 10.12 ± 2.20, with 50.2%, 42.8% and
7.0% of participants having good, moderate and poor COVID-19
knowledge, respectively.
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24. contd..
• The mean attitude score was 5.74 ± 1.28, with 65.4% of participants having
a positive attitude.
• The mean preventive practice score was 11.04 ± 3.34, with 36.5% of
participants having good preventive practices related to COVID-19.
• Preventative practices were better in females than in males (p = 0.012) and
in participants in the middle (p = 0.004) and upper (p < 0.001) economic
categories than in those in the lower economic category.
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25. Critical Appraisal of Results
• Results were presented in logical and comprehensive manner.
• All results were presented in tables but it could be better if charts and figure
were used.
• Results were explained adequately in text according to tables.
• Data given in the text and table match with each other.
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26. Discussion
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27. Contd..
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28. Critical Appraisal on Discussion:
• The discussion of the article is meaningful and has highlighted the
important findings of the study.
• There is not any sort of limitations presented in the discussion and now new
ideas for further research.
• All the significant findings have enough explanation with logical
comparison and reasoned properly.
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29. Conclusion
• Pakistani university students and employees have satisfactory knowledge
and attitudes to COVID-19, however their preventive practices related to
the disease are inadequate.
• Health regulators can use multiple communication tools (e.g. social media
platforms, TV, radio, phone texts, etc.) to educate and enforce these
prevention practices.
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30. Critical Appraisal of Conclusion
• Conclusion was too short to conclude the overall study.
• The conclusion is supported by the results drawn.
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31. References
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32. Critical Appraisal of References
• Literature review was done well and referencing was sufficient as this is
newly emerging issue.
• Total 18 references were cited.
• Vancouver style was used for referencing.
• All the references have been presented according to specific scientific
conventions.
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33. Strengths
• The article is a reliable and useful source of information for academic and
non academic purposes.
• This articles shows the knowledge among students and staffs of university
on newly emerging issues i.e. COVID-19.
• This articles helps on further study on COVID-19.
• An authentic and scientific research design and methods have been applied.
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34. Weakness
• The study has not included exclusion criteria like age limit of the
respondents.
• The study has not been compared with other past studies.
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35. Overall significance of the article
• Findings are believable as the journal is reliable.
• There has been inadequate research regardingCOVID-19. The articles helps
to identify the factors and their association with COVID-19 which are
appropriate and evidence based.
• Overall, the article is reliable and easy to understand.
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36. Contribution in conducting my research
Title- Knowledge on COVID-19 and its preventive practices among
employees of grocery shops of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal
• Helps on the developing questionnaire.
• Findings of an article can be compared with that of my study.
• Will helpful for overall conduction of the research.
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37. Thank You!
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