This document summarizes a journal club presentation by Subekchaya KC on the article "Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal". The presentation provides information on the article such as its authors, journal details, methods, results and conclusions. The study found that the prevalence of overweight/obesity among school children in urban Nepal was 25.7% and was associated with factors like sex, mother's education level, junk food consumption, and sedentary behavior. The presentation demonstrates critical appraisal of the article and adherence to journal club guidelines.

1. Journal Club Presentation
Presented By:
Name: Subekchaya KC
Roll No: 28
BPH, VIII Semester, SHAS, PU.

2. Presented for the partial fulfillment of requirement
of
PHA 451 Journal Club/Health Seminar
of
Bachelor of Public Health, VIII Semester,
School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University
under the cardinal supervision of
Assistant Professor Dr. Hari Prasad Kafle
By
Subekchaya KC,
Symbol number:17370205,
PU registration number: 2016-1-37-1029
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3. Selected Article for Presentation
• Ashmita Karki, Archana Shrestha and Narayan Subedi. Prevalence and
associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school
children in urban Nepal. BMC Public Health. August 06, 2019
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7406-9
• Received: 05 February 2019
• Accepted: 30 July 2019
• Published: 06 August 2019
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4. Journal Information
• BMC Public Health is an open access, peer-reviewed journal.
• Considers articles on the epidemiology of disease and the understanding of all
aspects of public health.
• The journal welcomes submissions in the broad areas of public health research
such as biostatistics and methods, chronic disease epidemiology,
nutritional health and epidemiology, physical activity and health, social
determinants of health and many more.
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5. Journal Information Contd.
• ISSN: 1471-2458.
• Publication started: 2001 A.D.
• Manuscript submission: Online Submission.
• Article Processing Charge: £1790.00/$2490.00/€2170.00 with VAT or
local taxes (routinely waive charge for authors from low-income
countries)
• Indexing sites: 44
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6. Journal Information Contd.
• Senior Editor: Natalie Pafitis
Skilled in Environmental Awareness, Report Writing, Manuscripts,
Social Media, and Academic Publishing. Strong media and
communication professional with a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in
Environmental Health with 2 publications.
• Manuscript editor: Ben Abbott
97 publications, 50,461 reads and 2,076 citations
• Assistant Editors: Megan Barling, Maxine Dillon
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7. Critical Appraisal of Journal
• Peer reviewed and open access
• Publisher: BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, London, England
• Indexed in 44 sites (PubMed Central, SCOPUS, DOAJ, Google
Scholar, etc.)
• Article processing charge (APC) taken
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8. Critical Appraisal of Journal
Peer review process:
i. Author submits manuscript to journal
ii. Journal editor assesses manuscript: Independent researchers check originality,
validity and significance of manuscript to decide for publication.
iii. Manuscript accepted or rejected
iv. If accepted, manuscript sent to reviewers
v. Single-blind, Double-blind, Open peer, Transparent peer
vi. Journal editor assesses comments and author makes revisions
vii. Manuscript rejected/ accepted
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9. Critical Appraisal of Journal
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S.N. Variables Values (Journal Metrics)
1. 2- year Impact Factor 2.521
2. 5- year Impact Factor 3.182
3. Source Normalized Impact per Page
(SNIP)
1.473
4. SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 1.198
5. Usage 9,540,055 downloads

10. Tittle of Article
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Childhood Overweight/Obesity
among Primary School Children in Urban Nepal
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11. Critical Appraisal of Tittle
• The title indicates the topic and focus of the study.
• It also indicates the research question .
• The title is meaningful and complete.
• The title clearly reflects aim and objectives of the study.
• The title also depicts study population and study setting.
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12. Authors
• Ashmita Karki
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of
Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• Archana Shrestha
Department of Community Programs, Kathmandu University School of
Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
• Narayan Subedi
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, MA, USA.
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13. Critical Appraisal of Authors
• There are 3 authors of the article.
• The names of authors are mentioned clearly.
• Area of expertize of author is mentioned.
• Author credential are mentioned clearly.
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14. Abstract
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15. Critical Appraisal of Abstract
• The abstract is not within the word limit given in the Author guideline
(386 words of abstract is prepared but the given word limit is 350)
• The abstract of the article is structured.
• The abstract is informative (background, methodology, result and
conclusion).
• It is comprehensive in its contents.
• It clearly gives the gist of the whole study.
• The findings given in the abstract match with the main finding.
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16. Introduction
• Overweight and obesity now rank as the fifth leading risk for mortality
worldwide.
• The factors underlying the disease’s conditions commonly originate during
childhood.
• Overweight and obese children are more likely to grow to become
overweight and obese adults with higher chances of developing non-
communicable diseases like diabetes and CVDs.
• Once called a high-income country problem, the rate of increase of
childhood overweight and obesity is 30% higher in low and middle-income
countries than in high-income nations.
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17. Contd…
• The prevalence of childhood obesity in such nations has increased by 28%
in just a couple of years.
• There were 12.4 million obese children in Asia alone in 1990 (1.2 million in
Southeast Asia), which increased to 18 million in 2010 (2.5 million in
Southeast Asia). If this trend continues, there will be 24 million obese Asian
children by 2020.
• Childhood obesity is found to be particularly prevalent in areas that have
undergone economic growth, urbanization, technological advancement, and
food behavior modification, which is a similar characteristic in urban Nepal.
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18. Contd…
• A study from Kaski district in Nepal found that the odds of having
overweight/obese children in urban households were 2.3 times higher
compared to rural households (p = 0.001, OR = 2.3).
• Previous studies in Nepal have mainly focused on socio-demographic
factors related to childhood overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and none reported
diet and physical activity-related risk factors.
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19. Critical Appraisal of Introduction
• The introduction is meaningful and is built on existing literature.
• The introduction is logically presented with opening, body and termination
(need for the study).
• All the citations are followed with correct references in the list of
references.
• The need for study is stated in the introduction.
• The research objective is mentioned.
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20. Materials and methods
• Target population : Primary level school children
• Study setting: Private schools of Lalitpur Metropolitan City in central
Nepal
• Study population: Primary level (grade 1-5) school children of private
schools, aged 6-13 years
• Sample size: 646 school children
• Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study design
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21. Contd…
• Anthropometric measuring tools were calibrated quite often before use
and also the questionnaire tools were pretested.
• Statistical Analysis: Epi-Data V.3., SPSS V.21 was used to analyze the
collected data.
• The anthropometric calculation (Body Mass Index-for-age-sex) was
conducted using WHO Anthro plus software V.1.0.4. Chi-square test and
logical regression was done to find the association between the selected
variables.
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22. Contd…
• Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were
conducted to determine the association between dependent and independent
variables.
• Ethical approval: It is taken from ethical review board of the Nepal Health
Research Council (NHRC). Written permission was taken from the DEO,
Lalitpur. Written approval was taken from all the respondent parents and
school authorities before data collection.
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23. Critical Appraisal of Materials and Methods
• The study design of the research is appropriate as per the research problem.
• The sample is representative of the population of interest.
• The methods incorporated are appropriate and are explained in detail as far
as practicable.
• Non response rate is also mentioned.
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24. Results
• The prevalence of overweight/obesity among the children was 25.7%
(95% CI: 22.1–29.2)
• Out of 575 children, 18.6% (95% CI: 15.4–21.8) were overweight
and 7.1% (95% CI: 5.0–9.2) were obese.
• OW/OB was more prevalent among male children as compared to
females.
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25. Results
• About 11% of the children were underweight.
• Multivariate logistic regressions showed that the sex of children,
education level of mothers, high junk food consumption, mode of
transport to and from school, and sedentary behaviors on weekend
were significantly associated with childhood OW/OB.
• Male children had double the risk of being OW/OB than female
children (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3–3.5).
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26. Contd...
• Children who consumed processed meat and its products, (such as
sausages, ham, roasts) snacks, (such as potato crisps, chips) and
confectionaries (such as sweets and ice cream) more than twice a week
were almost 3 times more likely to be overweight or obese than those who
consumed less than twice a week (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.6–5.1).
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27. Critical Appraisal of Results
• The results are presented in logical and comprehensible manner.
• Data are presented in tabular form and in graphs and are titled and
numbered properly.
• All the data in tables and graphs are explained properly and data in text and
table match.
• All the tables are simple and alignment of information are properly done.
• Certainly, the results are based on aim and objectives of the study.
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28. Discussion
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29. Contd..
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30. Critical Appraisal of Discussion
• The discussion of the article is meaningful and has highlighted the
important findings of the study.
• All the significant findings have enough explanation with logical
comparison and are reasoned properly.
• Limitations is presented at the end of the discussion and now new vistas for
further research.
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31. Conclusion
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32. Critical Appraisal of Conclusion
• Certainly, the conclusions are meaningful.
• The conclusion is supported by the results drawn.
• The research question has been answered.
• They have generated and presented some new hypothesis and conclusion.
• They have made appropriate suggestions and recommendations .
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33. References
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34. Critical Appraisal of References
• The references are for every citation in the text part of the article.
• Total 56 references are present in this article.
• All the references are accurate references and based on the recent
publications.
• All the references have been presented according to specific scientific
conventions.
• Vancouver style of referencing11/17/2020 Subekchaya KC 34

35. Strengths
• The article is a reliable and useful source of information for academic and
non academic purposes.
• The article reflects the nutritional status of school going children of Nepal.
• The article contributed in the health sector particularly in nutrition and
growth and development of children in urban areas.
• The article also have generated and proven some hypothesis and has
recommended some initiatives to be taken to reduce the consumption of
junk foods amongst children.
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36. Strengths
• The article has sensitized health research sectors about the importance of
serious research and studies on junk food consumption in children and the
factors associated.
• Here, an authentic and scientific research design and methods have been
applied.
• The participants and other related bodies are made aware of importance of
children’s health and healthy development.
• The study presents a list of probable risk factors that could be investigated
in longitudinal studies in the future.
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37. Weaknesses
• The amount of junk food consumed by children is not mentioned.
• The relationship between intake of vegetables and fruits and obesity in
children is not explained.
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38. Overall significance of the article
• There has been inadequate research in context of junk food
consumption and factor associated in children. The article gives an
idea about the association of variables and they are appropriate,
evidence based.
• The article is generalizable as per the methodology applied to obtain
the findings of the research objectives.
• The article is easy to understand and reliable.
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39. Contribution in my research
• Title of my research: Junk Food Consumption Among Children (6-13
years) in Pokhara Metropolitan City of Kaski, Nepal.
• The article is easy to understand and reliable which can be used in my
research article.
• Data collection tools technique and statistical analysis can be used while
collecting the data and analyzing it.
• The article is similar in every way except study area. So it gives idea in
every proceedings of my research.
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40. Questions?
Quarries?
Suggestions?
Feedbacks?
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41. 11/17/2020 Subekchaya KC 41
Thank You!