6LoWPAN is a technology that allows IPv6 connectivity for low-power wireless personal area networks. It provides IP communication capability to wireless sensor network nodes. The 6LoWPAN protocol stack includes physical, data link, adaptation, network, transport, and application layers. The adaptation layer performs TCP/IP header compression to enable efficient transmission over low-power networks. 6LoWPAN faces challenges related to limited packet size, connectivity, and security in wireless sensor networks.

1. Internet of Things
6LoWPAN
[Course Code: B17CS4102 ]
Ch.Raghuram
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
SRKR Engineering College, Bhimavaram, AP-534204

2. 6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN : Stands for IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks
(6LowPAN) .
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) adopts IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
• The IETF 6LoWPAN working group plays a significant role in making the use of
IPv6 over the standard IEEE 802.15.4 possible.
• 6LoWPAN is an upcoming technology that allows connectivity among nodes
with limited power by importing IPv6 capabilities into the low-power nodes.
• 6LoWPAN provides IP communication capability to nodes in WSN.
• The development of 6LoWPAN enables wireless embedded nodes to
participate in the Internet of Things.

3. 6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN Protocol Stack Architecture:
• 6LoWPAN standards enable the efficient use of IPv6 over low power, low
rate wireless networks.
• An Adaptation Layer was introduced between MAC and the Network Layer.

4. 6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN Protocol Stack Architecture: Continued…
• The Physical (PHY) layer provides the basic communication capabilities of
the medium.
• 6LoWPAN PHY layer provides two services namely the PHY data service and
PHY management service.
• The key function of PHY data services is to provide transmission and
reception of data packets between MAC and PHY through the physical radio
channel.
• The PHY management service interface offers access to every layer
management function and maintains a database of information on related
personal area networks.

5. 6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN Protocol Stack Architecture: Continued…
• The PHY data structure is divided into PHY header field and the PHY payload
field.
• It consists of Synchronisation Header (SHR), PHY Header (PHR) and Physical
Service Data Unit (PSDU).
• The Data Link layer provides services to enable reliable, single-hop
communication links between 6LoWPAN nodes.
• The adaptation layer is the main component of 6LoWPAN. The major
function of this layer is the TCP/IP header compression.

6. 6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN Protocol Stack Architecture: Continued…
• The 6LoWPAN network layer provides the internetworking capability to
sensor nodes.
• The main considerations of this layer are addressing, mapping, and routing
protocols.
• In 6LoWPAN, being based on the process of packet forwarding, the routing is
classified into two schemes such as mesh-under and route-over.
• Like the transport layer in OSI model, 6LoWPAN transport layer is responsible
for process-to-process delivery.
• It delivers data segment to the appropriate application process on the sensor
node.

7. 6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN Architecture:
• In Simple LoWPAN, nodes are connected to
the Internet via an Edge Router (ER).
• In this topology, a router is randomly
configured to act as a simplified ER.
• The nodes in 6LoWPAN plays the role of host
or router, along with one or more edge
routers.
• To facilitate efficient network operation,
nodes initially make a registration with an
edge router.

8. 6LoWPAN
Header Compression
• 6LoWPAN header compression is stateless, and conceptually it is not too
complicated.
• 6LoWPAN works by taking advantage of shared information known by all
nodes from their participation in the local network.

9. 6LoWPAN
Fragmentation
• The term MTU defines the size of the largest protocol data unit that can be passed.
• The fragment header utilized by 6LoWPAN is composed of three primary fields:
Datagram Size, Datagram Tag, and Datagram Offset.
• The 6LoWPAN fragmentation header field itself uses a unique bit value.

10. 6LoWPAN
Mesh Addressing
• 6LoWPAN mesh addressing function is to forward packets over multiple hops.
• Three fields are defined for this header: Hop Limit, Source Address, and Destination Address.

11. 6LoWPAN
Challenges
• IP Connectivity
• Limited Packet Size
• Limited Configuration and Management
• Service Discovery and Security consideration
• Localization

12. 6LoWPAN
Ch Raghuram
raghuram1133.ch@gmail.com
9502344445