This document describes an activity to identify gases released from various chemical reactions. The activity involves performing 8 gas tests (A-H) by adding different chemicals to test tubes and observing properties like color changes or smells. Each test identifies a different gas: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, or nitrogen dioxide. The results are recorded and inferences made about the gas produced. Tables are used to summarize the methods and observations for each gas test.
6.9 PREPARATION OF SALTS
CHEMISTRY KSSM FORM 4
REACTION BETWEEN ACID + ALKALI
REACTION BETWEEN ACID + METAL OXIDE
REACTION BETWEEN ACID + REACTIVE METAL
REACTION BETWEEN ACID + METAL CARBONATE
PURIFICATION OF IMPURE SALTS USINGRECRYSTALLISATION METHOD
DOUBLE DECOMPOSITION REACTION TO PRODUCE INSOLUBLE SALT
6.9 PREPARATION OF SALTS
CHEMISTRY KSSM FORM 4
REACTION BETWEEN ACID + ALKALI
REACTION BETWEEN ACID + METAL OXIDE
REACTION BETWEEN ACID + REACTIVE METAL
REACTION BETWEEN ACID + METAL CARBONATE
PURIFICATION OF IMPURE SALTS USINGRECRYSTALLISATION METHOD
DOUBLE DECOMPOSITION REACTION TO PRODUCE INSOLUBLE SALT
INVESTIGATE THE PROPERTIES OF IONIC BOND AND COVALENT BOND THROUGH AN EXPERIMENTMISS ESTHER
CHEMISTRY FORM 4 KSSM
CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BONDS (IONIC BOND AND COVALENT BOND)
EXPERIMENT 5.1 TO INVESTIGATE THE PROPERTIES OF IONIC BOND AND COVALENT BOND THROUGH EXPERIMENT
Planning Peper 3 ini mengandungi contoh-contoh soalan esei dan contoh jawapan. Di sini juga dsertakan cara-cara untuk menulis operational definition. Diharap murid-murid dapat menggunankan sebagai panduan untuk menguasai teknik menjawab esei paper 3. InsyaAllah..AMIN
RATE OF REACTION (FAST & SLOW REACTION, AVERAGE RATE OF REACTION AND INSTATAN...MISS ESTHER
CHAPTER 7 RATE OF REACTION
CHEMISTRY FORM 4 KSSM
1. Identify fast and slow reaction
2. Define rate of reaction
3. Determine the observable and measurable changes to calculate rate of reaction
4. Average rate of reaction and instataneous rate of reaction
INVESTIGATE THE PROPERTIES OF IONIC BOND AND COVALENT BOND THROUGH AN EXPERIMENTMISS ESTHER
CHEMISTRY FORM 4 KSSM
CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BONDS (IONIC BOND AND COVALENT BOND)
EXPERIMENT 5.1 TO INVESTIGATE THE PROPERTIES OF IONIC BOND AND COVALENT BOND THROUGH EXPERIMENT
Planning Peper 3 ini mengandungi contoh-contoh soalan esei dan contoh jawapan. Di sini juga dsertakan cara-cara untuk menulis operational definition. Diharap murid-murid dapat menggunankan sebagai panduan untuk menguasai teknik menjawab esei paper 3. InsyaAllah..AMIN
RATE OF REACTION (FAST & SLOW REACTION, AVERAGE RATE OF REACTION AND INSTATAN...MISS ESTHER
CHAPTER 7 RATE OF REACTION
CHEMISTRY FORM 4 KSSM
1. Identify fast and slow reaction
2. Define rate of reaction
3. Determine the observable and measurable changes to calculate rate of reaction
4. Average rate of reaction and instataneous rate of reaction
CHAPTER 6 : ACID, BASE AND SALT
CHEMISTRY FORM 4 KSSM
1. SALTS, CRYSTALS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SALTS
2. PRODUCE SOLUBLE SALT THROUGH THE REACTION BETWEEN
a. ACID AND ALKALI
b. ACID AND METAL OXIDE
c. ACID AND REACTIVE METAL
d. ACID AND METAL CARBONATE
3. PURIFICATION OF IMPURE SALTS THROUGH RECRYSTALLISATION METHOD
4. PRODUCE INSOLUBLE SALT THROUGH DOUBLE-DECOMPOSITION REACTION (PRECIPITATION REACTION)
Uses of ionic compound and covalent compound in daily lifeMISS ESTHER
CHEMISTRY FORM 4 KSSM
CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BONDS
(Uses of ionic compound and covalent compound in daily life)
1. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
2. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
3. MEDICAL SECTOR
4. DOMESTIC USE
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Chapter 6 Acid, Base and Salt
6.1 Role of water in showing acidic and alkaline
properties.
6.2 pH value
6.3 Strength of acids and alkalis
6.4 Chemical properties of acids and alkalis
6.5 Concentration of aqueous solutions
6.6 Standard solution
6.7 Neutralisation
6.8 Salts, crystals and their uses in daily life
6.9 Preparation of salts
6.10 Effect of heat on salts
6.11 Qualitative analysis
3. 2. Effect of Heat on Salts and Gas Tests
• Based on the conversation in Figure 6.45, can you identify the anion
based on the gas released?
Gas Tests
The process to identify a gas can be carried out by the gas test in Activity
6.26.
4. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Aim : Identifying the gases released.
Materials : Solid potassium chlorate(V), KClO3 , dilute sulphuric acid,
H2SO4, zinc powder, Zn, solid zinc carbonate, ZnCO3, dilute
sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, solid ammonium
chloride, NH4Cl, solid manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2,
concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl, solid sodium chloride,
NaCl, concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4, concentrated
ammonia solution, NH3, solid sodium sulphite, Na2SO3,
dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl, acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution, KMnO4, solid lead(II) nitrate,
Pb(NO3)2, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper and limewater
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, wooden splinter, rubber
stopper with delivery tube, glass rod, spatula, tongs,
Bunsen burner and 10 cm3 measuring cylinder
5. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Procedure :
Carry out the test for gases and record your observations.
Gas test Observation Inference
A : Test for oxygen gas, O2
1. Put two spatulas of solid potassium
chlorate(V), KClO3 into a test tube.
2. Heat the solid with high heat.
3. Insert a glowing wooden splinter
into the test tube.
A glowing wooden splinter
relights when it is put in
the test tube.
Oxygen gas, O2 is
released.
**Oxygen gas is produced by heating
nitrate or chlorate(V) salt.
6. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Gas test Observation Inference
B : Test for hydrogen gas, H2
1. Put some a few pieces of zinc
powder, Zn into a test tube.
2. Add 4 cm3 of dilute sulphuric
acid, H2SO4 into the test tube.
3. Place a lighted wooden splinter
near the mouth of the test
tube.
A ‘pop’ sound is produced
when a lighted wooden
splinter is put near the
mouth of the test tube.
Hydrogen gas, H2 is
released.
7. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Gas test Observation Inference
C : Test for carbon dioxide gas, CO2
1. Put a spatula of solid zinc carbonate,
ZnCO3 into a test tube.
2. Heat the solid with high heat.
3. Flow the gas produced into
limewater
Limewater turns cloudy. Carbon dioxide gas,
CO2 is released.
**Carbon dioxide gas is produced by
heating carbonate salt.
8. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Gas test Observation Inference
D : Test for ammonia gas, NH3
1. Put a spatula of solid ammonium
chloride, NH4Cl into a test tube.
2. Add 4 cm3 of dilute sodium
hydroxide solution, NaOH into the
test tube.
3. Heat the mixture slowly.
4. Then, place a piece of moist red
litmus paper to the mouth of the
test tube.
Moist red litmus paper turns
blue.
A pungent smell is
produced.
Ammonia gas, NH3 is
released.
**Ammonia gas is produced by heating
ammonium salt with alkali.
9. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Gas test Observation Inference
E : Test for chlorine gas, Cl2
1. Put a spatula of powdered
manganate(IV) oxide, MnO2 into a
test tube.
2. Carefully add 2 cm3 of concentrated
hydrochloric acid, HCl.
3. Heat the mixture slowly.
4. Then, place a piece of moist blue
litmus paper to the mouth of the
test tube.
Moist blue litmus paper
turns red and then white.
A pungent greenish yellow
gas is produced.
Chlorine gas, Cl2 is
released.
10. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Gas test Observation Inference
F : Test for hydrogen chloride gas, HCl
1. Put a spatula of solid sodium
chloride, NaCl into a test tube.
2. Add 2 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric
acid, H2SO4 carefully.
3. Heat the mixture slowly.
4. Dip a glass rod into concentrated
ammonia solution, NH3.
5. Then, hold the dipped glass rod to
the mouth of the test tube.
White fumes form when a
glass rod dipped in
concentrated ammonia is
put near the mouth of the
test tube.
Hydrogen chloride
gas, HCl is released.
11. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Gas test Observation Inference
G : Test for sulphur dioxide gas, SO2
1. Put a spatula of solid sodium
sulphite, Na2SO3 into a test tube.
2. Add 4 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric
acid, HCl.
3. Heat the mixture slowly.
4. Flow the gas released into acidified
potassium manganate(VII) solution,
KMnO4.
The purple colour of
acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution,
KMnO4 is decolourised.
Sulphur dioxide gas,
SO2 is released.
12. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Gas test Observation Inference
H: Test for nitrogen dioxide gas, NO2
1. Put a spatula of solid lead(II) nitrate,
Pb(NO3)2 into a test tube.
2. Heat the mixture with high heat.
3. Then, place a piece of moist blue
litmus paper to the mouth of the
test tube
A brown, pungent gas is
produced.
Moist blue litmus
paper turns red.
Nitrogen dioxide gas,
NO2 is released.
13. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Interpreting data :
1. Based on the observations, write the corresponding inference.
2. Why should the litmus paper be moistened before testing for the
gases released?
3. Copy and complete Table 6.9 to summarise the method used for gas
test
14. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Interpreting data :
2. Why should the litmus paper be moistened before testing for the
gases released?
An acidic or alkaline gas only shows acidic and alkaline properties in
the presence of water. Hence litmus paper must be moistened.
15. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Interpreting data :
3. Copy and complete Table 6.9 to summarise the method used for gas test.
Gas
Chemical Test
Method Observation
Oxygen gas, O2
Place a glowing wooden
splinter into a test tube filled
with the gas
The glowing wooden splinter
rekindles.
Hydrogen gas, H2
Put a lighted wooden splinter
is near the mouth of the test
tube
A ‘pop’ sound is produced
Carbon dioxide gas, CO2
Pass the colourless gas
through limewater
Limewater turns cloudy
Ammonia gas, NH3
Put a moist red litmus paper
near the mouth of the test
tube
The moist red litmus paper
turns blue.
16. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Interpreting data :
3. Copy and complete Table 6.9 to summarise the method used for gas test.
Gas
Chemical Test
Method Observation
Chlorine gas, Cl2
Put a moist blue litmus paper
near the mouth of the test
tube
The moist blue litmus paper
turns red and is then
bleached.
Hydrogen chloride gas, HCl
Put a glass rod dipped in
concentrated ammonia, NH3
near the mouth of the test
tube
White fumes are formed.
Sulphur dioxide gas, SO2
Pass the colourless gas
through acidified potassium
manganate(VII), KMnO4
solution
The purple colour of acidified
potassium manganate(VII)
solution, KMnO4 is
decolourised
Nitrogen dioxide gas, NO2
Put a moist blue litmus paper
near the mouth of the test
tube
The moist blue litmus paper
turns red
17. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Discussion :
1. What is the expected observation if a glass rod that is dipped into
concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl, is brought closer to the gas
released in test D? (Test for ammonia gas, NH3)
2. Name the white fumes formed in test F. (Text for hydrogen chloride
gas, HCl)
3. The gas released in test G (Test for sulphur dioxide gas, SO2) is acidic.
Predict the observation when a moist litmus paper is used.
18. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Discussion :
1. What is the expected observation if a glass rod that is dipped into
concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl, is brought closer to the gas
released in test D? (Test for ammonia gas, NH3)
White fumes are produced.
19. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Discussion :
2. Name the white fumes formed in test F. (Text for hydrogen chloride
gas, HCl)
Ammonium chloride gas, NH4Cl
20. Activity 6.26 Identify the gas released
Discussion :
3. The gas released in test G (Test for sulphur dioxide gas, SO2) is acidic.
Predict the observation when a moist litmus paper is used.
Moist blue litmus paper turns red