Psychology Step 1 For Persatuan Tadika Malaysia Step 1 students

1. Step 1
Psychology & Education Psychology
Understanding Child Psychology
Importance to Teachers
Basic Concepts
Instinct (naluri)
Drive (desakan)
Needs (keperluan)
Motivation (motivasi)

2. Psychology
• Science of understanding behaviour of living
organisms, i.e. of animals and humans
• Study of mental processes
– the mind’s processes can only be inferred through
the study of behaviour that one exhibits.
– gives us insight into how and why people behave the
way they do,
– why they react in a particular manner to situations,
– how they think and feel.
The word ‘psycho’ originated from Greece
meaning ‘soul’ and ‘logy’ means ‘to study’.

3. Psychology …
• Psychology is a scientific approach/study
– Attempts to explain human reactions that are the
result of inherited qualities and those which are the
result of acquired behaviour patterns.
• Analyses of data
– Enable educationists to understand how we acquire
knowledge and what factors influence such learning
– Information helps teachers to design teaching
processes appropriately for effective learning to take
place.
???

4. Educational Psychology
• Application of principles of
psychology to the field of
education
• Assist teachers to handle
behaviour and emotions
of children as they acquire
knowledge and skills in
the classroom.

5. Importance of Educational
Psychology
Parents & Teachers will better understand
•how each child thinks and works,
•why certain emotions and thoughts emerge,
•how to help them develop positive attitudes;
•behaviour, attitudes and relationships amongst
children in social settings;
•and identify mental disorders early in children
based on what is normal growth and development;
•how to structure curriculum so that optimum
teaching and learning takes place in the
classroom.

6. Video Clip & Activity
• Discuss some of the ways you can handle
children’s misbehaviour based on the video
clip.
• What are the challenges that you have
faced and how did you handle them? Share
your experience in your group. Report the
most challenging situation with the class.
Highly Successful Strategies to Guide Young Children's Behavior
- Dr. Patricia Vardin - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8os0WLSME10

7. 5 Areas of Importance
• Growth & Development of the child
– Mental development
– Physical development
– Emotional development
– Moral reasoning
– Social Interaction
• Various Learning styles of children
– Language
– Arithmetic
– Creativity
– Motivation
– Communication
• Personality & Individual differences
– Family & cultural influences
– Gifted children
– Special needs children
• Evaluation & Testing
– Various tools for intelligence testing
– Appropriate grading
• Teaching strategies - methods and techniques
– Selecting methodologies to make learning effective & fun

8. INSTRUCTION
TEACHER PUPIL
Know how
they learn
How to
motivate
them
Plan lesson
well
Uses
teaching
aids
Manage
behaviour
Plan
activities
Set rules
Know they
have
different
abilities
INSTRUCTION
CONTENT
Select
creative
techniques
Know
physical
difference
Know rate
of learning
fast/slow
EVALUATION TO
KNOW IF
INSTRUCTION IS
SUCCESSFUL

9. Basic Concepts in Psychology
• Instincts of the child (Naluri)
– Inborn response to certain stimuli
• Drives (Desakan)
– automatic reaction to bodily requirements
• Needs (Keperluan)
– Basic needs are food, water, oxygen, shelter
– Secondary needs are security, love, self-esteem,
(cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, self-actualization)
• Motivation (Motivation)
– The desire in us to act / do
• intrinsic (internal urge to act)
• Extrinsic (acting because of a desirable external reward)
Homeostatic
Equilibrium

10. Needs of a child
Basics for a child’s good physical health:
– Nutritious food
– Adequate shelter and sleep
– Exercise
– Immunizations
– Healthy living environment
Basics for a child’s good mental health:
– Unconditional love from family
– Self-confidence and high self-esteem
– The opportunity to play with other children
– Encouraging teachers and supportive caretakers
– Safe and secure surroundings
– Appropriate guidance and discipline