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Theories related to the learner's development
- 1. THEORIES RELATED TO THE LEARNERS DEVELOPMENT Prepared by: Mary Rose Domato
- 2. Personality is a total function of an individual FRUED 3 COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY
- 5. - pleasure principle - primitive and instinctive component of personality -inherited components of personality present at birth -remains infantile in its function throughout a person's life and does not change with time or experience. ID
- 6. - reality - develops to mediate between the unrealistic ID and the external world - decision making component of personality EGO
- 7. - functions to control the ID's impulses - functions to persuade the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection Conscience~can punish the ego Ideal Self - an imaginary picture of how you ought to be. SUPEREGO
- 8. - aware of what you are doing PRE-CONSCIOUS - contains thoughts that are unconscious but can be easily recalled CONSCIOUS
- 9. - cannot be directed with the conscious mind but it has it's own process and deeply affects conscious thoughts you can do it without thinking that you are doing it - All that we are not aware of but helped us. NON-CONSCIOUS UNCONSCIOUS
- 10. - Frued proposed that there were 5 stages of development. Frued believed that few people successfully completed all 5 of the stages. Instead, he felt that most people tried up their libido at once of the stages, which prevented them from using that energy at a later stage. FRUED PSYCHO-SEXUAL THEORY
- 13. ERIC ERIKSON STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- 16. LAWRENCE KOHLBERG'S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT - a theory that human beings progress consecutively from one stage to the next in an invariant sequence, not skipping any stage or going back to any previous stages.
- 17. • Assessed moral reasoning by posing hypothetical moral dilemmas and examining the reasoning behind peoples answers. • Proposed 3 distinct levels of moral reasoning, pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional • Each level has two stages that represent different degrees of sophistication in moral reasoning.
- 19. PIAGET FOUR STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
- 20. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of intelligence. Piaget's stages are:
- 25. The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is the range of abilities that an individual can perform with assistance, but cannot yet perform independently. These skills are called "proximal" because the individuals is close to mastering them, but needs more guidance and practice in order to perform these actions independently.