Psychology Step 3 For Persatuan Tadika Maklaysia Step 3 students

1. Step 3
Growth & Development
1. Differences Between G & D
2. Scope of G & D: Physical,
Mental, Emotional, Social
3. Readiness

2. Definition of Growth &
Development
• Growth
– the progressive increase in the size
of a child or parts of the human body
• Development
– the progressive acquisition of various skills
(abilities) such as head support, speaking,
learning, expressing the feelings and relating
with others
• Growth and Development go
together but at different rates.

3. Milestones
• Understand the age-range when the
average child acquires specific skills.
• When children are ready to acquire
specific skills is called milestones.
• Every child develops at own rate or pace.

4. Importance of Assessing Growth
and Development
• Keeping Record
– helpful in finding out the state of health,
– nutrition of a child.
• Continuous normal growth and devt.
– good state of health and nutrition of a child.
• Abnormal growth or growth failure
– Malnutrition;
– Malfunction;
– a symptom of
disease;

5. Factors affecting Growth and
Development
• Genetic Factors
– determine the potential and
limitations of growth and
development
– congenital malformations,
hormonal disturbances,
disability, genetic diseases
– Traits and talents also inherited

6. Factors…
• Environmental Factors
– Favourable factors
• adequate nutrition, learning
opportunities
– Unfavourable factors
• malnutrition, infections,
lack of emotional support,
lack of play, and lack of
language training.
Both
factors
influence
children

7. Factors Affecting Growth &
Development:
Genes – inherited
from parents
Social – influence of
other people
Lifestyle – choices
that one makes
Environment –
situation &
opportunities
• Genetic
Inheritance
• Gender
• Twins
• Physical
features
• Family
relationships
• Ethnicity and
religion
• Friendships
• Life Experiences
(birth, marriage,
death and divorce)
• Income
• Diet
• Material
• possessions
• Exercise
• Employment &
unemployment
• Alcohol &
smoking
• Pollution
• Housing
conditions
• Educational
experiences
• Access to health
and welfare
services
• Experience of
illness or disease

8. Factors that Promote Development
• Good nutrition,
• Emotional support,
• Play and
• Language training
• Exposure to various
opportunities for learning

9. Growth & Developmental Areas
• Physical (psycho-motor skills)
• Mental (Cognitive skills)
• Emotional
(Affective skills)
• Social (Interpersonal skills)

10. Readiness to learn
• Level of development at which
an individual (of any age) is
ready to undertake the learning
of specific materials.
• Level of preparedness to learn
more complex skills

11. Preparing to Learn
• Cognitive readiness
– Alphabets & Numbers
– Communication
– ?
• Affective readiness
– Manage emotions
– Provide love
– ?
• Psychomotor readiness
– Encourage movements
– Coordination of movements/skills
– ?
• Social readiness
– Interpersonal skills
– ?