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INFLAMMATION: REGULATION
DEFECTS IN LEUCOCYTE FUNCTION

                       GENETIC
• ADHESION DEFECTS-
     • LAD1, LAD2
     • INTEGRINS AND SELECTIN RECEPTORS DEFECTIVE
     • REC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND IMPAIRED HEALING

• DEFECTS IN PHAGOLYSOSOME FUNCTION
     • CHEDIAK HIGASHI SYN
     • AR
     • DEFECTIVE TRANSFER OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES
DEFECTS IN LEUCOCYTE FUNCTION

• DEFECT IN MICROBICIDAL ACTIVITY
     • CGD-DEFECTS IN NADPH OXIDASE
     • REC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
• MPO DEF

 ACQUIRED-VARIOUS ASPECTS LIKE PHAGO,CHEMO ETC
                    AFFECTED
• DM
• MALIGNANCY
• MALNUTRITION
• ANEMIA
Outcomes of acute
  inflammation
resolution
• Restoration of site to normal
• Usually occurs when
     1. Limited or short lived
     2. Little tissue destruction
• Events
fibrosis
• Connective tissue replacement
• Occurs in cases of
 1. Extensive destruction
 2. Tissues incapable of regeneration
 3. Abundant fibrin exudation
suppuration
• When causative agent is pyogenic bacteria
• Events
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
• When inflammation can not be resolved
• In cases of
      1. Persistence of agent
      2. Interference with healing
MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS
• SEROUS
     • THIN FLUID
     • Eg BLISTER OF BURN


• FIBRINOUS
     •   MORE SEV INJURY
     •   FIBROGEN LEAKAGE CON TO FIBRIN
     •   LINING OF BODY CAVITIES-MENINGES,PERICARDIUM
     •   COR VILLOSUM/ BREAD AND BUTTER APP
     •   MICRO-EOSINOPHILIC MESHWORK
MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS
• SUPPURATIVE/ PURULENT
    • SOME PYOGENIC BACTERIA
    • LARGE AMTS OF PUS
    • ABSCESS-LOCALIZED COLLECTION OF PUS WITHIN A
      CAVITY


• ULCER
    • LOCAL DEFECT IN SKIN OR MUCOSA
    • Eg PEPTIC ULCER
SEROUS EXUDATE
• Bullous Pemphigoid,
• Serous Inflammation



                                        Dermis


                        Blister fluid
                        Serous Exudate
FIBRINOUS EXUDATE

pericardial cavity
shows fibrinous
pericarditis with
strands of stringy pale
fibrin between visceral
and parietal
pericardium
FIBRINOUS INFLAMMATION


                       Fibrinous exudate




                   pericardium

URAEMIC PERICARDITIS
PURULENT EXUDATE
          • Exuded yellowish fluid
            fluid in this opened
            pericardial cavity also
            contains a large number
            of acute inflammatory
            cells. So it is a purulent
            exudate
SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION




A                                      B
A: purulent exudate obscuring the sulci in pyogenic meningitis.
B: purulent peritonitis D/T rupture of the colon.
ABSCESS

   • rounded abscesses (the
     purulent material has
     drained out after sectioning
     to leave a cavity) in the
     lung.
ABSCESS

    • Diverticulitis of Colon
      with abscess formation



     Abscess


     Sulfur granules of
     actinomycoses

    Lots of neutrophils
ULCER


               Gross




Gastroscopic
View




                       Microscopic view

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4.outcomes and morphology dr ashutosh kumar

  • 2. DEFECTS IN LEUCOCYTE FUNCTION GENETIC • ADHESION DEFECTS- • LAD1, LAD2 • INTEGRINS AND SELECTIN RECEPTORS DEFECTIVE • REC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND IMPAIRED HEALING • DEFECTS IN PHAGOLYSOSOME FUNCTION • CHEDIAK HIGASHI SYN • AR • DEFECTIVE TRANSFER OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES
  • 3.
  • 4. DEFECTS IN LEUCOCYTE FUNCTION • DEFECT IN MICROBICIDAL ACTIVITY • CGD-DEFECTS IN NADPH OXIDASE • REC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS • MPO DEF ACQUIRED-VARIOUS ASPECTS LIKE PHAGO,CHEMO ETC AFFECTED • DM • MALIGNANCY • MALNUTRITION • ANEMIA
  • 5.
  • 6. Outcomes of acute inflammation
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. resolution • Restoration of site to normal • Usually occurs when 1. Limited or short lived 2. Little tissue destruction • Events
  • 12. fibrosis • Connective tissue replacement • Occurs in cases of 1. Extensive destruction 2. Tissues incapable of regeneration 3. Abundant fibrin exudation
  • 13. suppuration • When causative agent is pyogenic bacteria • Events
  • 14. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION • When inflammation can not be resolved • In cases of 1. Persistence of agent 2. Interference with healing
  • 15. MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS • SEROUS • THIN FLUID • Eg BLISTER OF BURN • FIBRINOUS • MORE SEV INJURY • FIBROGEN LEAKAGE CON TO FIBRIN • LINING OF BODY CAVITIES-MENINGES,PERICARDIUM • COR VILLOSUM/ BREAD AND BUTTER APP • MICRO-EOSINOPHILIC MESHWORK
  • 16. MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS • SUPPURATIVE/ PURULENT • SOME PYOGENIC BACTERIA • LARGE AMTS OF PUS • ABSCESS-LOCALIZED COLLECTION OF PUS WITHIN A CAVITY • ULCER • LOCAL DEFECT IN SKIN OR MUCOSA • Eg PEPTIC ULCER
  • 17. SEROUS EXUDATE • Bullous Pemphigoid, • Serous Inflammation Dermis Blister fluid Serous Exudate
  • 18. FIBRINOUS EXUDATE pericardial cavity shows fibrinous pericarditis with strands of stringy pale fibrin between visceral and parietal pericardium
  • 19. FIBRINOUS INFLAMMATION Fibrinous exudate pericardium URAEMIC PERICARDITIS
  • 20. PURULENT EXUDATE • Exuded yellowish fluid fluid in this opened pericardial cavity also contains a large number of acute inflammatory cells. So it is a purulent exudate
  • 21. SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION A B A: purulent exudate obscuring the sulci in pyogenic meningitis. B: purulent peritonitis D/T rupture of the colon.
  • 22. ABSCESS • rounded abscesses (the purulent material has drained out after sectioning to leave a cavity) in the lung.
  • 23. ABSCESS • Diverticulitis of Colon with abscess formation Abscess Sulfur granules of actinomycoses Lots of neutrophils
  • 24. ULCER Gross Gastroscopic View Microscopic view