The document discusses the relevance of private 5G networks within the O-RAN community, emphasizing a growing interest despite the uncertainty regarding their necessity compared to traditional Wi-Fi networks. It highlights trends in mobile use cases, the potential for private 5G deployments, and the complexity of integration and hosting challenges. Additionally, it touches on the role of neutral hosts and the integration of various technologies to create flexible, multi-vendor solutions that could enhance enterprises' capabilities.

1. O-RAN and the enterprise
May 2022 Anthony Magee
Private 5G is a special interest area for the O-RAN community. Let’s explore why …

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Do enterprise/private networks need 5G/O-RAN?
Simple answer is “probably not.” But customers are talking to me about it.
Wi-Fi is well accepted, deployed in massive
volume … continues to evolve
Wi-Fi does not have a monopoly …
other technologies can evolve

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Remember the 5G triangle …
5G has always aimed at new use cases
2017 2018
Has 5G delivered on its promise? What is the killer app?

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MNOs vs. private networks
High-level trends on mobile use case
MNOs – public services, macro networks
Some small cell densification for coverage
Higher speeds
Mobile broadband
Enterprise private / NHNs – machine to machine
Latency/time-sensitive
More accurate
Secure
Innovation
Interaction with things …
Price / scale / volume
Restricted feature sets
Baggage – legacy vs. new entrants
Speed vs. coverage Latency and precision

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MNOs vs private networks
High-kevel trends on mobile use cases
Private 5G needs specialist vendors, openness, ability to work with multiple vendors and integration support

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80%+ internal space = private 5G opportunity
Growing revenues through private 5G
Market opportunity

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Deployment tracker – early days, but wheels are moving
Private LTE/5G network deployments: trends and analysis

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Private 5G, O-RAN and ADVA

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• Delivers C-RAN benefits +
• Vendor diversity – best-of-breed functions
• Operational gains – virtualization
• Relaxes fronthaul bit rates
• Smaller/simpler/lower power edge for RAN
densification
• Improved coordination
• BBU pooling gain
C-RAN / O-RAN refresher
O-RAN
C-RAN

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O-RAN innovation areas
Low-latency traffic
UE tracking
RIC / xAPPS
Flexible architecture

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Example O-RAN platform
Solutions integration – private 5G with COLT
CU
DU UPF 5GC
FHGW
FSP150 XG418
CSR
FSP150/TIP DCSG
Local breakout
GNSS
Private 5G Campus
Connector – hosting/orchestration of vDU/CU containers
FSP150 eCPRI fronthaul and midhaul switch / CSR
3rd Party
5G RU
3rd Party
DU/CU/UPF/5GC
OSA 5405
Outdoor GNSS
Learning and proving ground – springboard to an exciting new O-RAN platform
Ensemble Connector COTS x86
COTS x86

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DU hosting is a complex challenge

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DU hosting is a complex challenge
RU:DU ratio vs. CPU cores Multiple compute resources Duplication of functions
Resilience concerns Operational challenges
Inefficient cost structure
Form factor
Dedicated RU-DU relationships
Maintenance of DU impacts RUs. C-RAN originally
envisaged BBU Pooling - FHGW
4-5 rack units of equipment
PCIe card limits and front panel space
32 cores of Icelake per server / 3RUs 3 servers per macro Sync/FEC/FH/MHS NICs per server

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UK 5G DU-volution
High-level project goals
● UK 5G DU-Volution partner investment is significant, benefiting UK Plc, FRANC and the wider UK 5G program in return for a DCMS investment
● Creating highly skilled recruitment across the UK, south to north, reflecting UK government Levelling-Up agenda
● Establishing a UK-focused mobile solution delivering supply chain diversity
● Multi-platform compute delivering choice to the O-RAN market while reducing vendor lock-in
● Increase potential for UK vendors to join a truly open O-RAN platform
● Demonstrating innovation from UK-located companies
Creating UK solutions supporting supply chain diversity

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Example O-RAN platform
ADVA vision for private 5G
DU platform
I-TEMP, 300mm shelf depth
CU
DU UPF
Local breakout
GNSS
Private 5G campus in one single box
Integrated FHGW / L1 / CSR with compute blades
Third-party
5G RU
Third-party
DU/CU/UPF/5GC
OSA 5405
Outdoor GNSS
COTS server blades
COTS server blades Disaggregation of the RAN
But integration of the infrastructure
Expansion of supply chain options
But reduced complexity
Improvement of power consumption, form factor
and more control of the overall cost of ownership
• TSN
• UE location tracking
• Ultra-low latency

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Openness for private 5G and ADVA integration labs
Open optical transport
DU CU 5GC
Low-latency packet networking
Ultra-precise timing
VM/container hosting
VNFs, cloud-native apps
Management and control
Pre-integrated, managed solution
RU Core
Backhaul
CE/optical
Midhaul
Ethernet (F1)
eCPRI/Eth (Fx)
DU CU
Fronthaul
Management and orchestration
O-RAN labs in Poland and the UK

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Multi-vendor
Multi-vendor O-RAN
ADVA private 5G – integrated solution
Pre-integrated private 5G solution
• Multi-vendor (RU/CU/RIC/core)
• Open by design – true O-RAN
• Underpinned by carrier-class DU
• Size/scale options in roadmap
System integrator value add
• Network with timing
• Cloud/hosting
• User devices
• Security
• Apps – industry focus
Grand
Master Clock
GNSS
SMO
ADVA orchestration
and management
ADVA timing and
synchronisation
Radio
(RU)
ADVA
distributed
unit (DU)
Centralised
unit (CU)
CORE
5G core
(5GC)

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Neutral host
Similar to private 5G, but a special case

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Neutral hosts and private 5G are linked
Private 5G solutions often require public interaction
• Use cases span private 5G, then roam into public network
• Geography of private 5G campus sites sometimes over wider geographic area served by
public MNOs
• A public MNOs network that support multiple customers in the same geography could be
seen as a special neutral host network
A neutral host platform deployed by a neutral operator
• Could easily need to support the public MNOs as well a private 5G users – slices
• The anchor customer for a NHN could be the building owner who wants private
5G

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Why are neutral hosts a “thing?”
5G, increased bandwidth, higher spectrum, path loss
• Growth area – in-building mobile networks
• Landlords risk tenant churn without adequate 5G coverage
RAN densification drives growth in small cells
• How to avoid street clutter, small cell per mobile operator
• Lamp-posts become important assets
Private networks, roaming and hybrid
• Enterprises exploring wireless for business transformation
• Additional features over and above Wi-Fi
• Require access to public licence operators
• Grey area with network slicing
Neutral host networks – background

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Hosted O-RAN at the edge
Convergence of compute and transport (including HW acceleration) can lead to single box DU NHN solutions
PSU
F
A
N
PSU
COTS server blade#2
COTS server blade#1
Common MH NIC
Common FH NIC

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Supported by: FRANC 5G DU-Volution