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Bronchiectasis is a condition defined by abnormal dilation of the bronchi caused by inflammation and damage to the bronchial walls. It has many etiologies including post-infection, airway obstruction, immune deficiencies, and genetic disorders. Patients present with large amounts of purulent sputum, chronic cough, and recurrent pneumonia. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT scans showing dilated bronchi. Treatment involves airway clearance, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery for severe cases or massive hemoptysis.
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Dr yusuf imran bronchiectasis
This document discusses bronchiectasis in children. Bronchiectasis is the irreversible dilatation of the bronchi due to destruction of elastic and muscular components of the bronchial walls. It generally results from obstruction and inflammation of the airways leading to chronic infection and recruitment of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory mediators released destroy bronchial walls causing bronchiectasis. Common causes include severe pneumonia, measles, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Patients present with recurrent cough and purulent sputum. Diagnosis involves chest X-ray, CT scan, and sputum/swab cultures. Treatment consists of antibiotics, airway clearance techniques, and addressing underlying disorders. Surgery
BRONCHIECTASIS
This document discusses bronchiectasis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that bronchiectasis involves the permanent and abnormal dilation of the medium-sized bronchi. There are three main theories for its causes: atelectasis, mucus plugging, and traction from lung fibrosis. Symptoms include cough, sputum production, breathlessness, and fever. Diagnosis involves tests like sputum culture, chest X-ray, and HRCT scan. Treatment consists of antibiotics, bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, and addressing underlying causes. Chest physiotherapy helps clear secretions through techniques like postural drainage and directed coughing.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is the irreversible dilatation of the airways. There are different types including cylindrical, varicose, and cystic bronchiectasis. CT scans are useful for diagnosis and can show signs like the signet ring sign, lack of bronchial tapering, and visibility of peripheral airways. Pseudo-bronchiectasis can occur due to artifacts or conditions like tumors, broncholithiasis, or post-irradiation fibrosis. Common causes of diffuse bronchiectasis include cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, and immotile cilia syndrome. Idiopathic bronchiectasis and recurrent childhood infections are common
4 bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition defined by abnormal dilation of the bronchi. It is commonly caused by previous lung infections but can also be due to other issues like airway obstruction, immune deficiencies, or genetic disorders. Patients present with excessive sputum production, chronic cough, recurrent lung infections, and sometimes blood in the sputum or cough. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT scans that show dilated bronchi. Treatment focuses on airway clearance and antibiotics to prevent infections. Surgery may be considered for severe cases or massive bleeding in the lungs.
5.Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition defined by abnormal dilation of the bronchi caused by inflammation and damage to the bronchial walls. It has several causes including post-infection, airway obstruction, immune deficiencies, and genetic disorders. Patients experience excessive sputum production, chronic cough, recurrent pneumonia, and sometimes hemoptysis. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT scans showing characteristic findings and ruling out other conditions. Treatment focuses on airway clearance and long-term antibiotics tailored to sputum cultures. Surgery may be considered for severe, localized cases or massive hemoptysis.
BRONCHIECTASIS
THIS PRESENTATION IS MADE FOR ONLY LEARNING PURPOSE OF FINAL YEAR BPT STUDENTS AND INCLUDES DEFINITION, CLINICAL FEATURES, ASSESSMENT AND PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is an abnormal, permanent dilatation of the bronchi. It was first discovered in 1819 by René Laennec, the inventor of the stethoscope. Common causes include cystic fibrosis, childhood infections like pertussis and measles, and obstructive lung diseases. Patients present with chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent lung infections. Diagnosis is made through chest imaging like CT scan which can classify the type of bronchiectasis. Treatment involves airway clearance techniques, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and surgery in some severe cases. The goal is to treat infections, clear secretions, and reduce inflammation.
Mac mahon venice ild pdf f
This document provides an overview of interstitial lung disease and CT diagnosis techniques. It begins with disclosures from the author and an outline of topics to be covered, including CT protocols, patterns seen in ILD, and integrating imaging findings with patient history. Specific ILD patterns like ground glass opacity, reticulation, honeycombing, and others are defined. Case examples are presented and classified by predominant pattern. The classification of interstitial pneumonias including UIP, NSIP, and others is discussed. Etiologies, features and prognosis of conditions like IPF and NSIP are also summarized.
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Dr yusuf imran bronchiectasis
This document discusses bronchiectasis in children. Bronchiectasis is the irreversible dilatation of the bronchi due to destruction of elastic and muscular components of the bronchial walls. It generally results from obstruction and inflammation of the airways leading to chronic infection and recruitment of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory mediators released destroy bronchial walls causing bronchiectasis. Common causes include severe pneumonia, measles, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Patients present with recurrent cough and purulent sputum. Diagnosis involves chest X-ray, CT scan, and sputum/swab cultures. Treatment consists of antibiotics, airway clearance techniques, and addressing underlying disorders. Surgery
BRONCHIECTASIS
This document discusses bronchiectasis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that bronchiectasis involves the permanent and abnormal dilation of the medium-sized bronchi. There are three main theories for its causes: atelectasis, mucus plugging, and traction from lung fibrosis. Symptoms include cough, sputum production, breathlessness, and fever. Diagnosis involves tests like sputum culture, chest X-ray, and HRCT scan. Treatment consists of antibiotics, bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, and addressing underlying causes. Chest physiotherapy helps clear secretions through techniques like postural drainage and directed coughing.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is the irreversible dilatation of the airways. There are different types including cylindrical, varicose, and cystic bronchiectasis. CT scans are useful for diagnosis and can show signs like the signet ring sign, lack of bronchial tapering, and visibility of peripheral airways. Pseudo-bronchiectasis can occur due to artifacts or conditions like tumors, broncholithiasis, or post-irradiation fibrosis. Common causes of diffuse bronchiectasis include cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, and immotile cilia syndrome. Idiopathic bronchiectasis and recurrent childhood infections are common
4 bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition defined by abnormal dilation of the bronchi. It is commonly caused by previous lung infections but can also be due to other issues like airway obstruction, immune deficiencies, or genetic disorders. Patients present with excessive sputum production, chronic cough, recurrent lung infections, and sometimes blood in the sputum or cough. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT scans that show dilated bronchi. Treatment focuses on airway clearance and antibiotics to prevent infections. Surgery may be considered for severe cases or massive bleeding in the lungs.
5.Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition defined by abnormal dilation of the bronchi caused by inflammation and damage to the bronchial walls. It has several causes including post-infection, airway obstruction, immune deficiencies, and genetic disorders. Patients experience excessive sputum production, chronic cough, recurrent pneumonia, and sometimes hemoptysis. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT scans showing characteristic findings and ruling out other conditions. Treatment focuses on airway clearance and long-term antibiotics tailored to sputum cultures. Surgery may be considered for severe, localized cases or massive hemoptysis.
BRONCHIECTASIS
THIS PRESENTATION IS MADE FOR ONLY LEARNING PURPOSE OF FINAL YEAR BPT STUDENTS AND INCLUDES DEFINITION, CLINICAL FEATURES, ASSESSMENT AND PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is an abnormal, permanent dilatation of the bronchi. It was first discovered in 1819 by René Laennec, the inventor of the stethoscope. Common causes include cystic fibrosis, childhood infections like pertussis and measles, and obstructive lung diseases. Patients present with chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent lung infections. Diagnosis is made through chest imaging like CT scan which can classify the type of bronchiectasis. Treatment involves airway clearance techniques, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and surgery in some severe cases. The goal is to treat infections, clear secretions, and reduce inflammation.
Mac mahon venice ild pdf f
This document provides an overview of interstitial lung disease and CT diagnosis techniques. It begins with disclosures from the author and an outline of topics to be covered, including CT protocols, patterns seen in ILD, and integrating imaging findings with patient history. Specific ILD patterns like ground glass opacity, reticulation, honeycombing, and others are defined. Case examples are presented and classified by predominant pattern. The classification of interstitial pneumonias including UIP, NSIP, and others is discussed. Etiologies, features and prognosis of conditions like IPF and NSIP are also summarized.
lung bronchiectasis pulmonology ( respiratory medicine )
Bronchiectasis is a condition defined as abnormal, irreversible dilation of the bronchi. It can be caused by primary infections, impaired mucus clearance, immunodeficiencies, hyperimmune responses, bronchial obstructions, autoimmune diseases, and developmental defects. The main pathogenesis involves bacterial infections destroying the bronchial wall structures through proteases and toxins. This leads to dilation of the bronchi and accumulation of thick, purulent material. Bronchiectasis can occur in several syndromes as well, including Kartagener's syndrome and Williams-Campbell syndrome. Tuberculosis is noted as a cause of predominantly upper lobe bronchiectasis, where the initial infection causes bronchial swelling and narrowing
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. It can be caused by bronchial obstruction, congenital defects, or necrotizing pneumonia. Symptoms include cough, copious foul-smelling sputum, and recurrent lung infections. Long-term complications can include lung abscesses, lung damage, and heart failure. Treatment involves airway clearance and antibiotics to prevent infections.
13 bronchiectasis-dr khinchi
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. It develops due to a vicious cycle of airway injury, infection, and failure of the lungs to clear secretions. Common causes include post-infectious issues, immunodeficiencies, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. Patients experience chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent lung infections that can lead to further lung damage over time. Treatment focuses on reducing infection risk, promoting mucus clearance, and managing exacerbations.
Bronchiectasis airway disease
This document summarizes bronchiectasis, including its definition, causes, clinical presentation, imaging appearance and features on CT scan. Bronchiectasis is abnormal permanent dilatation of the bronchi. It results from destruction of the bronchial wall and surrounding tissues due to various pathological processes. On CT scan, it appears as bronchial dilation, lack of tapering, tram-tracking and thickened bronchial walls. The causes discussed include post-infectious, cystic fibrosis, immune deficiencies and congenital disorders. The clinical features are chronic cough, sputum production and recurrent infections.
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Bronchiectasis final
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. It results from a cycle of infection and obstruction in the lungs. Common causes include cystic fibrosis, infections like pneumonia or tuberculosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and inhaled foreign bodies. Symptoms include chronic cough with sputum, recurrent lung infections, and sometimes blood in sputum or poor health. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like chest X-ray or CT scan showing dilated bronchi. Management focuses on airway clearance with chest physiotherapy and antibiotics to treat infections. Surgery may help in some severe cases. Complications can include recurrent lung infections, lung abscesses, bleeding in lungs
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is the irreversible dilatation of the airways. It can be cylindrical, varicose, or cystic in appearance. Common causes include post-infection, infection by bacteria or mycobacteria, airway obstruction, and immunodeficiencies. Symptoms include persistent cough with sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, CT scan, sputum culture, and lung function tests. Treatment goals are to eliminate the cause, improve airway clearance, control infection, and reverse airflow obstruction using antibiotics, chest physiotherapy, bronchodilators, and surgery in some cases.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
A condition characterized by chronic permanent dilation & destruction of bronchi due to destructive changes in the elastic and muscular layers of bronchial walls.
The common thread in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis consists of difficulty clearing secretions & recurrent infections with a “vicious circle” of infection and inflammation resulting in airway injury and remodelling.
PLEASE REFER TO REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS FOR CLARITY.
:Bronchiectasis : Nursing Management
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. It can be caused by airway obstruction, infections, genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis, or immunodeficiencies. Symptoms include chronic cough, excessive sputum production, recurring lung infections, shortness of breath, and finger clubbing. Diagnosis involves chest imaging, sputum analysis, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on airway clearance techniques, antibiotics for infections, and sometimes surgery to remove diseased portions of the lung.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis refers to the congenital/acquired irreversible airway dilation that involves the bronchi/bronchioles in either a focal or a diffuse manner.
It is a pulmonary disease related to chronic infections in the background of inability of respiratory mucosa to clear the infections and impaired ciliary function.
It is chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic, irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles that can be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors. Common infectious causes include bacterial infections from pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Non-infectious causes include exposure to toxic substances, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Symptoms include persistent cough, thick sputum production, shortness of breath, wheezing and clubbing of fingers. Diagnosis involves collecting a medical history, physical examination, blood tests, sputum examination and pulmonary function tests. Treatment options include
Radiological features of pneumonia
1. The document discusses the common radiological features of various types of pneumonia. It outlines the typical features seen for different bacterial, viral and fungal causes on x-ray including abnormalities in lung opacities, markings and silhouette signs.
2. Examples of specific pathogens are given with details on their usual presentation and affected age groups. Staphylococcus aureus commonly causes multifocal bilateral pneumonia in infants. Klebsiella pneumoniae typically leads to upper lobe consolidation in elderly patients.
3. Other conditions discussed include tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, fungal infections and bronchiectasis. Images are provided to illustrate
Pulmonary Abscess in Children .. Dr Padmesh
This document discusses pulmonary abscesses in children. It defines a lung abscess as a localized collection of thick-walled purulent material within the lung parenchyma caused by infection and tissue destruction. Lung abscesses can be primary, occurring in previously healthy patients, or secondary, occurring in patients with underlying conditions. Common predisposing factors include aspiration, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and immunosuppression. Symptoms include cough, fever, dyspnea, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest X-ray and CT scan identifying a cavity containing air-fluid levels. Treatment consists of antibiotics for 2-3 weeks, with surgical drainage for severe or unimproving cases. Prognosis is generally excellent.
Bronchiectasis and pulmonary hypertension medical students
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. It requires an infectious insult and impairment of drainage, airway obstruction, or defect in host defense. Common causes include cystic fibrosis, immune deficiencies, and post-infectious diseases like tuberculosis. Symptoms include chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent lung infections. Diagnosis involves clinical features, imaging like CT scans showing bronchial wall thickening and dilatation, and ruling out other causes. Treatment focuses on treating infections, bronchial hygiene, and addressing underlying causes.
Bronchiectasis.
This document discusses bronchiectasis, including its definition, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Bronchiectasis is irreversible dilation of the airways caused by infection or other insults that damages the airways and impairs mucus clearance.
- It has various etiologies including infection, immunodeficiency, genetic disorders, and aspiration. Recurrent infections lead to a vicious cycle of inflammation and further airway damage.
- Symptoms include chronic productive cough and sputum. Investigations include chest CT, which shows characteristic findings like airway dilation.
- Management focuses on airway clearance, antibiotics for infections, and
Miliary tuberculosis
This document discusses miliary tuberculosis. It begins with an introduction that defines miliary TB and outlines its history, risk factors, types, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Miliary TB is a disseminated form of extra pulmonary TB caused by hematogenous spread of mycobacteria through the bloodstream. It most commonly appears as small, millet seed-sized lesions scattered throughout multiple organs. Symptoms can include weakness, fever, weight loss, and hepatomegaly. Diagnosis involves blood tests, lumbar puncture, cultures, and chest imaging. Treatment typically involves a multi-drug regimen over 6-9 months.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND BRONCHIECTASIS
This document summarizes bronchial asthma and bronchiectasis. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. It has various types defined by triggers. Bronchiectasis is a permanent dilation of the bronchi due to destruction of muscle and elastic tissue from chronic necrotizing infections. It is now uncommon but causes cough and foul sputum. Both involve inflammation and infection of the airways leading to structural changes.
Bronchiectasis
1. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by the permanent dilatation of the bronchi caused by recurrent infection and inflammation.
2. There are three main types of bronchiectasis - cylindrical, varicose, and saccular/cystic.
3. Surgery is an option for treating bronchiectasis in selected patients, including those with focal, unremitting disease amenable to lobectomy, or those presenting with massive hemoptysis. The goal of surgery is complete resection of affected areas.
Bronchiectasis - causes and diagnosis
Bronchiectasis is defined as abnormal irreversibly dilated and thick-walled bronchi resulting from destruction of the bronchial wall. Its pathogenesis involves defects in mucociliary clearance, cellular immunity, or associated conditions. High-resolution CT is helpful for diagnosis by showing features like tram lines or honeycombing. Additional tests may be needed to identify underlying causes. Microbiology of infected airways guides antimicrobial therapy for managing the vicious cycle of infection and inflammation that can progress the disease.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a lung condition characterized by abnormally widened airways that make the lungs vulnerable to infection. The document discusses the types, signs and symptoms, investigations including CT scans and sputum analysis, and treatment approaches for bronchiectasis such as antibiotics, airway clearance techniques, anti-inflammatory therapies, and in some cases surgery. The goals of treatment are to improve symptoms, reduce complications and exacerbations, and decrease morbidity and mortality through managing both the condition and any underlying causes.
Respiratory dis. presentation1 for gen path copy (2)
1) Respiratory diseases are mainly caused by inhalation of infectious agents, allergens, irritants, and carcinogens. The lungs are open to the environment and lack regenerative abilities.
2) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and asthma. Tobacco smoke is a major cause and leads to airway obstruction.
3) Pneumonia can result from impaired pulmonary defenses and host resistance. Bacterial and viral pathogens are common causes and treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care.
SUPPRATIVE LUNG DISEASES.pptx
Bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and empyema are chronic lung infections that can result from complications of pneumonia. They often occur in people with underlying lung disease or immune disorders. Key features include recurrent chest infections, coughing, sputum production, and life-threatening complications like respiratory failure. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, airway clearance techniques, long-term antibiotics, and surgery in some cases.
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lung bronchiectasis pulmonology ( respiratory medicine )
Bronchiectasis is a condition defined as abnormal, irreversible dilation of the bronchi. It can be caused by primary infections, impaired mucus clearance, immunodeficiencies, hyperimmune responses, bronchial obstructions, autoimmune diseases, and developmental defects. The main pathogenesis involves bacterial infections destroying the bronchial wall structures through proteases and toxins. This leads to dilation of the bronchi and accumulation of thick, purulent material. Bronchiectasis can occur in several syndromes as well, including Kartagener's syndrome and Williams-Campbell syndrome. Tuberculosis is noted as a cause of predominantly upper lobe bronchiectasis, where the initial infection causes bronchial swelling and narrowing
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. It can be caused by bronchial obstruction, congenital defects, or necrotizing pneumonia. Symptoms include cough, copious foul-smelling sputum, and recurrent lung infections. Long-term complications can include lung abscesses, lung damage, and heart failure. Treatment involves airway clearance and antibiotics to prevent infections.
13 bronchiectasis-dr khinchi
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. It develops due to a vicious cycle of airway injury, infection, and failure of the lungs to clear secretions. Common causes include post-infectious issues, immunodeficiencies, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. Patients experience chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent lung infections that can lead to further lung damage over time. Treatment focuses on reducing infection risk, promoting mucus clearance, and managing exacerbations.
Bronchiectasis airway disease
This document summarizes bronchiectasis, including its definition, causes, clinical presentation, imaging appearance and features on CT scan. Bronchiectasis is abnormal permanent dilatation of the bronchi. It results from destruction of the bronchial wall and surrounding tissues due to various pathological processes. On CT scan, it appears as bronchial dilation, lack of tapering, tram-tracking and thickened bronchial walls. The causes discussed include post-infectious, cystic fibrosis, immune deficiencies and congenital disorders. The clinical features are chronic cough, sputum production and recurrent infections.
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Bronchiectasis final
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. It results from a cycle of infection and obstruction in the lungs. Common causes include cystic fibrosis, infections like pneumonia or tuberculosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and inhaled foreign bodies. Symptoms include chronic cough with sputum, recurrent lung infections, and sometimes blood in sputum or poor health. Diagnosis involves imaging tests like chest X-ray or CT scan showing dilated bronchi. Management focuses on airway clearance with chest physiotherapy and antibiotics to treat infections. Surgery may help in some severe cases. Complications can include recurrent lung infections, lung abscesses, bleeding in lungs
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is the irreversible dilatation of the airways. It can be cylindrical, varicose, or cystic in appearance. Common causes include post-infection, infection by bacteria or mycobacteria, airway obstruction, and immunodeficiencies. Symptoms include persistent cough with sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray, CT scan, sputum culture, and lung function tests. Treatment goals are to eliminate the cause, improve airway clearance, control infection, and reverse airflow obstruction using antibiotics, chest physiotherapy, bronchodilators, and surgery in some cases.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
A condition characterized by chronic permanent dilation & destruction of bronchi due to destructive changes in the elastic and muscular layers of bronchial walls.
The common thread in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis consists of difficulty clearing secretions & recurrent infections with a “vicious circle” of infection and inflammation resulting in airway injury and remodelling.
PLEASE REFER TO REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS FOR CLARITY.
:Bronchiectasis : Nursing Management
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. It can be caused by airway obstruction, infections, genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis, or immunodeficiencies. Symptoms include chronic cough, excessive sputum production, recurring lung infections, shortness of breath, and finger clubbing. Diagnosis involves chest imaging, sputum analysis, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on airway clearance techniques, antibiotics for infections, and sometimes surgery to remove diseased portions of the lung.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis refers to the congenital/acquired irreversible airway dilation that involves the bronchi/bronchioles in either a focal or a diffuse manner.
It is a pulmonary disease related to chronic infections in the background of inability of respiratory mucosa to clear the infections and impaired ciliary function.
It is chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic, irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles that can be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors. Common infectious causes include bacterial infections from pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Non-infectious causes include exposure to toxic substances, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Symptoms include persistent cough, thick sputum production, shortness of breath, wheezing and clubbing of fingers. Diagnosis involves collecting a medical history, physical examination, blood tests, sputum examination and pulmonary function tests. Treatment options include
Radiological features of pneumonia
1. The document discusses the common radiological features of various types of pneumonia. It outlines the typical features seen for different bacterial, viral and fungal causes on x-ray including abnormalities in lung opacities, markings and silhouette signs.
2. Examples of specific pathogens are given with details on their usual presentation and affected age groups. Staphylococcus aureus commonly causes multifocal bilateral pneumonia in infants. Klebsiella pneumoniae typically leads to upper lobe consolidation in elderly patients.
3. Other conditions discussed include tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, fungal infections and bronchiectasis. Images are provided to illustrate
Pulmonary Abscess in Children .. Dr Padmesh
This document discusses pulmonary abscesses in children. It defines a lung abscess as a localized collection of thick-walled purulent material within the lung parenchyma caused by infection and tissue destruction. Lung abscesses can be primary, occurring in previously healthy patients, or secondary, occurring in patients with underlying conditions. Common predisposing factors include aspiration, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and immunosuppression. Symptoms include cough, fever, dyspnea, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest X-ray and CT scan identifying a cavity containing air-fluid levels. Treatment consists of antibiotics for 2-3 weeks, with surgical drainage for severe or unimproving cases. Prognosis is generally excellent.
Bronchiectasis and pulmonary hypertension medical students
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. It requires an infectious insult and impairment of drainage, airway obstruction, or defect in host defense. Common causes include cystic fibrosis, immune deficiencies, and post-infectious diseases like tuberculosis. Symptoms include chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent lung infections. Diagnosis involves clinical features, imaging like CT scans showing bronchial wall thickening and dilatation, and ruling out other causes. Treatment focuses on treating infections, bronchial hygiene, and addressing underlying causes.
Bronchiectasis.
This document discusses bronchiectasis, including its definition, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Bronchiectasis is irreversible dilation of the airways caused by infection or other insults that damages the airways and impairs mucus clearance.
- It has various etiologies including infection, immunodeficiency, genetic disorders, and aspiration. Recurrent infections lead to a vicious cycle of inflammation and further airway damage.
- Symptoms include chronic productive cough and sputum. Investigations include chest CT, which shows characteristic findings like airway dilation.
- Management focuses on airway clearance, antibiotics for infections, and
Miliary tuberculosis
This document discusses miliary tuberculosis. It begins with an introduction that defines miliary TB and outlines its history, risk factors, types, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Miliary TB is a disseminated form of extra pulmonary TB caused by hematogenous spread of mycobacteria through the bloodstream. It most commonly appears as small, millet seed-sized lesions scattered throughout multiple organs. Symptoms can include weakness, fever, weight loss, and hepatomegaly. Diagnosis involves blood tests, lumbar puncture, cultures, and chest imaging. Treatment typically involves a multi-drug regimen over 6-9 months.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND BRONCHIECTASIS
This document summarizes bronchial asthma and bronchiectasis. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. It has various types defined by triggers. Bronchiectasis is a permanent dilation of the bronchi due to destruction of muscle and elastic tissue from chronic necrotizing infections. It is now uncommon but causes cough and foul sputum. Both involve inflammation and infection of the airways leading to structural changes.
Bronchiectasis
1. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by the permanent dilatation of the bronchi caused by recurrent infection and inflammation.
2. There are three main types of bronchiectasis - cylindrical, varicose, and saccular/cystic.
3. Surgery is an option for treating bronchiectasis in selected patients, including those with focal, unremitting disease amenable to lobectomy, or those presenting with massive hemoptysis. The goal of surgery is complete resection of affected areas.
Bronchiectasis - causes and diagnosis
Bronchiectasis is defined as abnormal irreversibly dilated and thick-walled bronchi resulting from destruction of the bronchial wall. Its pathogenesis involves defects in mucociliary clearance, cellular immunity, or associated conditions. High-resolution CT is helpful for diagnosis by showing features like tram lines or honeycombing. Additional tests may be needed to identify underlying causes. Microbiology of infected airways guides antimicrobial therapy for managing the vicious cycle of infection and inflammation that can progress the disease.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a lung condition characterized by abnormally widened airways that make the lungs vulnerable to infection. The document discusses the types, signs and symptoms, investigations including CT scans and sputum analysis, and treatment approaches for bronchiectasis such as antibiotics, airway clearance techniques, anti-inflammatory therapies, and in some cases surgery. The goals of treatment are to improve symptoms, reduce complications and exacerbations, and decrease morbidity and mortality through managing both the condition and any underlying causes.
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Similar to 4bronchiectasis 100510232428-phpapp01 (1)
Respiratory dis. presentation1 for gen path copy (2)
1) Respiratory diseases are mainly caused by inhalation of infectious agents, allergens, irritants, and carcinogens. The lungs are open to the environment and lack regenerative abilities.
2) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and asthma. Tobacco smoke is a major cause and leads to airway obstruction.
3) Pneumonia can result from impaired pulmonary defenses and host resistance. Bacterial and viral pathogens are common causes and treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care.
SUPPRATIVE LUNG DISEASES.pptx
Bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and empyema are chronic lung infections that can result from complications of pneumonia. They often occur in people with underlying lung disease or immune disorders. Key features include recurrent chest infections, coughing, sputum production, and life-threatening complications like respiratory failure. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, airway clearance techniques, long-term antibiotics, and surgery in some cases.
Lung abscess
This document provides information on lung abscesses, including:
- Dr. David Smith postulated in the 1920s that aspiration of oral bacteria was the main mechanism of lung abscess infection.
- A lung abscess is a localized area of lung tissue destruction greater than 2cm in diameter caused by pyogenic bacterial infection.
- In the pre-antibiotic era, 1/3 of lung abscess patients died, another 1/3 recovered, and the remaining 1/3 developed chronic illnesses.
- Risk factors include dental/sinus infections, impaired swallowing, gastric issues, and pre-existing lung diseases. Common causative organisms are described.
Diagnosis and Imaging of Bronchiectasis.ppt
Radiological manifestation of bronchiectasis
1. HRCT is the gold standard for diagnosing bronchiectasis and allows precise evaluation of disease extent and severity. 2. Common HRCT findings include cylindrical and cystic bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, and an increased bronchoarterial ratio. 3. Chest X-rays may also show tram-track opacities, air-fluid levels, and the bronchus sign but are less sensitive than HRCT.
pneumonia for C-1.pptx
PNEUMONIA,
DEFINITION
Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma.
To the pathologist, pneumonia is an infection of the alveoli ,distal airways, and interstitium of the lung that is manifested by increased weight of the lungs, replacement of normal lung’s sponginess by consolidation ,and alveoli filled with white blood cells ,red blood cells and fibrin .To the clinician, pneumonia is a constellation of symptoms and signs in combination with at least one opacity on CXR.
Epidemiology
Between 5 and 10 million cases of infectious pneumonia occur annually in the United States and result in more than 1 million hospitalizations.
Pneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide, the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, and the most common lethal infectious disease.
Surgery of Pulmonary Infections
Property of Prof Dr. Ahmed Deebis, Head of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine. University of Zagazig
2 anesthesia superative lung disease ble
Bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and empyema are suppurative lung diseases characterized by the presence of pus within the lung parenchyma. Bronchiectasis is abnormal, permanent dilation of the bronchi caused by destruction of bronchial walls, often secondary to infection. Lung abscess is a localized, suppurative cavity in the lung caused by conditions like pneumonia or aspiration. Empyema is pus within the pleural space caused by spread of infection from pneumonia or a lung abscess into the pleural space. These conditions are diagnosed through imaging, sputum analysis, and other tests and treated with antibiotics, drainage procedures, or surgery depending on the severity and cause of infection.
BRONCHIECTASIS.pptx
Introduction, meaning,definition,causes,pathophysiology, sign and symptoms,diagnostic evaluation, management
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition defined by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. It can be caused by infections, genetic conditions, or other lung diseases that damage the airways. People with bronchiectasis commonly produce large amounts of sputum and experience recurrent lung infections. Diagnosis is made through chest imaging like CT scans. Treatment focuses on airway clearance and controlling infections with antibiotics. Surgical options are available for severe cases involving hemorrhage or localized disease.
Lung abscess
Lung abscess is a localized infection and necrosis of lung tissue that forms a cavity containing pus. It is usually caused by aspiration or infection traveling via the bloodstream. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sputum production, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray or CT scan to identify lung cavities. Treatment consists of antibiotics chosen based on suspected bacteria and may require hospitalization. Complications can include spread of infection to the pleural space or amyloidosis.
7.2 Bronchiectasis pulmonology for medicine .ppt
Bronchiectasis is an abnormal, permanent dilation of the bronchi caused by chronic infection, impaired clearance of secretions, or airway obstruction. It leads to recurrent infections and coughing up of secretions. Diagnosis involves chest imaging and sputum culture. Treatment aims to eliminate infections through antibiotics, improve clearance with chest physiotherapy and mucolytics, and control symptoms with bronchodilators. Management may also include surgery or lung transplantation in severe cases.
Common suppurative diseases of lung- Bronchiectasis...!
Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by irreversible dilation of part of the bronchial tree due to damage to elastic and muscular components, usually from acute or chronic infection. It requires both an infectious insult and impaired drainage or airway obstruction. Symptoms include daily cough and sputum production. Diagnosis involves chest imaging showing abnormal lung signs and high-resolution CT scanning. Treatment focuses on controlling infections with antibiotics and clearing secretions. Complications can include lung damage and recurrent pneumonia.
COPD.pptx
The document outlines obstructive lung diseases including COPD and bronchiectasis, describing their general characteristics, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. COPD is discussed in detail including risk factors like smoking, clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, diagnostic testing with PFTs and CXR, and treatment focusing on bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, and rehabilitation. Bronchiectasis is also summarized covering causes like infection and cystic fibrosis, symptoms of cough and sputum, diagnosis via CT or PFTs, and treatment centered around airway clearance and antibiotics.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a lung condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi. It is usually caused by damage to the airways from childhood infections. Symptoms include chronic cough and mucus production. Diagnosis involves chest imaging like CT scans to view the dilated airways. Treatment focuses on controlling infections with antibiotics, reducing inflammation, and improving lung cleansing through airway clearance techniques. In more severe cases, surgery may be used to remove diseased portions of the lung.
Dev
This document summarizes imaging findings for various types of bacterial pneumonia. It discusses imaging modalities used like chest x-rays and CT scans. Common radiographic patterns seen include lobar, bronchopneumonia, and round pneumonia. Specific causes like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila are described along with their characteristic imaging findings. Complications such as lung abscesses, pneumatoceles, and empyema are also reviewed. Fungal infections including Aspergillosis, Histoplasmosis, and Coccidioidomycosis are briefly mentioned.
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BRONCHIECTASIS
Bronchiectasis is a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become abnormally widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection.
In bronchiectasis , one or more of bronchi are abnormally widened . Damage caused to the lungs by bronchiectasis is permanent.
Bronchiectasis – first described- rené Laennec (inventor – stethoscope).
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Common suppurative diseases of lung- Bronchiectasis...!
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4bronchiectasis 100510232428-phpapp01 (1)
- 1. BRONCHIECTASISBRONCHIECTASIS Zhiwen Zhu The 1st affiliated hospital of Sun Yat- sen university, pulmonary department
- 2. BRONCHIECTASIS Definition Etiology Pathology Clinical presentation Diagnosis & differential diagnosis Treatment
- 3. Definition Bronchiectasis is a condition anatomically defined by chronic, irreversible dilation and distortion of the bronchi caused by inflammatory destruction of the muscular and elastic components of the bronchial walls.
- 4. Etiology Conditions associated with the development of bronchiectasis 1. Postinfection • Bacterial pneumonia • Tuberculosis • Pertussis • Measles • Influenza
- 5. Etiology 2. Proximal airway obstruction • Foreign body aspiration • Benign airway tumors
- 8. Etiology 2. Proximal airway obstruction • Middle lobe syndrome Extrinsic compression by enlarged lymph nodes of the right middle lobe of the lung that obstructed bronchi and lead to right middle lobe atelectasis and recurrent infection.
- 9. Etiology 3.Abnormal host defense • Ciliary dyskinesia ( Kartagener’s syndrome) • Humoral immunodeficiency 4.Genetic disorders • Cystic fibrosis • α1- Antitrypsin deficiency 5.Others
- 10. Pathology Dilation and distortion of the bronchi Damage of airway epithelium Dilation and hyperplasia of blood capillary
- 14. Clinical presentation 1. The production of large quantities of purulent and often foul-smelling sputum. The volume of sputum can be used for estimating the severity of the disease Mild < 10 mL Moderate 10~150 mL Severe >150 mL ※ Dry bronchiectasis usually involve the upper lobes
- 15. Clinical presentation 2. Chronic cough 3. Hemoptysis: Frequent More commonly in dry variety Usually mild (blood streaking of purulent sputum) Massive hemoptysis is usually from dilated bronchial arteries or bronchial-pulmonary anastomoses under systemic pressure 4. Recurrent pneumonia: same segment 5. Systemic manifestations: fever, weight loss
- 16. Clinical presentation Physical finding Early phases or dry variety: normal Severe or secondary infection: persisting crackling rales in the same part of lung Later stage: digital clubbing, emphysema, and cor pulmonale.
- 17. Evaluation 1.Roentgenographic studies • The plain chest film: increased in size and number of bronchovascular markings (quiet nonspecific)
- 19. Evaluation 1.Roentgenographic studies • Bronchography: (traditional gold standard)
- 21. Evaluation CT or HRCT: high sensitivity and specificity Train track sign: the bronchial wall is thicken and visible; the bronchi lose the trend of narrowing from proximal end to distal end.
- 24. Evaluation CT or HRCT: high sensitivity and specificity Diamond ring sign: dilated bronchi appear as ring structures with internal diameters greater than those of their accompany pulmonary artery branches.
- 28. Evaluation 2.Bronchoscopy Evaluating the proximal airways for lesions. Assessing the cause of hemoptysis Localizing the source of hemoptysis
- 30. Diagnosis Symptoms Sign reontgenographic fiding
- 31. Differential diagnosis Differentiate from: • Chronic bronchitis No recurrent hemoptysis; CT scan • Lung abscess X-ray/CT: local infiltrated shadow or cavitations with air-fluid level inside.
- 32. Differential diagnosis • Tuberculosis radiographic finding; sputum anti-fast smear • Congenital pulmonary cyst multi thin wall cavities without infiltration around.
- 33. Treatment Medical management 1. Improving the drainage of airway 1) expectorant 2) bronchodilators 3) postural drainage
- 34. Anterior segment
- 35. Posterior segment of right upper lobe
- 36. Lower lobe
- 37. Treatment Medical management 1. Improving the drainage of airway 1) expectorant 2) bronchodilators 3) postural drainage 4) bronchoscopy
- 38. Treatment Medical management 2. Antibiotic The choice of antibiotics should be accurately by the results of sputum culture and drug sensitivity test. Empirical therapy ---antipseudomonal antibiotics.
- 39. Treatment Surgical therapy 1. Recurrent and refractory clinical symptoms are due to a focal area of disease involvement. 2. Massive hemoptysis Management of hemoptysis