The IMF plays several key roles in the global economy and with its member countries. It aims to ensure exchange rate and financial stability, gives policy advice, provides financing during economic crises, and helps set international standards. For poorer countries, the IMF assists with development goals through concessional loans and debt relief. In India, the IMF has provided economic assistance and consultancy over the decades. However, some criticize that IMF policies can burden poorer nations with debt and that it lacks accountability.
The IMF is one of most influential International Financial Institution committed for the reducing global poverty by meeting the challenges and opportunities of globalization. Hence, It urges on its member countries continued cooperation on transparent monetary and economic policies, honest government, and the establishment of rule of law. Although the IMF has been contributing to the economic development of developing countries including Bangladesh, we need to deeply examine the recommendations before accept the Fund’s assistance because of some controversial events has arisen before.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries that works to facilitate global monetary cooperation and financial stability. It provides policy advice and financing to member countries facing economic difficulties. The IMF was created in 1945 at the Bretton Woods conference to avoid competitive currency devaluations and promote international trade. It is governed by the 189 member countries and aims to foster global economic growth, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, and reduce poverty worldwide.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental organization that oversees the global financial system and enforces macroeconomic policies among its member countries. It aims to stabilize exchange rates and facilitate development through liberalizing economic policies. The IMF monitors members' economies, provides financial assistance through loans, and offers technical support to strengthen members' financial systems and reduce poverty. It works collaboratively with other international institutions on global economic and monetary issues.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 188 countries that works to promote global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability. It provides policy advice and financing to members facing economic difficulties. The IMF also assists developing countries to achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty. It monitors the global economy and alerts members to potential problems. The IMF aims to ensure stability of the international monetary and financial system.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) finalMayur Panchal
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It is governed by its 188 member countries and seeks to facilitate international trade, promote sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty. The IMF provides loans to countries experiencing economic difficulties, engages in economic surveillance of its members, and offers technical assistance and training. It is governed by the Board of Governors and managed by an Executive Board and staff led by a Managing Director.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was founded in 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference to support the international monetary system and facilitate global trade. It is governed by 189 member countries and oversees the international monetary system through surveillance of members' economic policies. The IMF aims to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate trade, promote growth and reduce poverty. It provides loans to countries experiencing economic issues and offers technical assistance and training. However, the IMF's policy prescriptions and bailouts have been criticized for enabling poor policies and not being tailored to individual country needs.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It is governed by and represents the interests of its 190 member countries. The IMF works to foster global growth, raise living standards, and reduce poverty through macroeconomic stability and access to short-term capital for countries experiencing economic hardship. It provides policy advice, research, statistics, financing, and technical assistance to its members.
The IMF monitors and makes policy recommendations regarding the international monetary system. It provides loans to countries experiencing economic crises or issues with their balance of payments. The IMF works to ensure stability in the international monetary system to facilitate balanced economic growth and development.
The IMF is one of most influential International Financial Institution committed for the reducing global poverty by meeting the challenges and opportunities of globalization. Hence, It urges on its member countries continued cooperation on transparent monetary and economic policies, honest government, and the establishment of rule of law. Although the IMF has been contributing to the economic development of developing countries including Bangladesh, we need to deeply examine the recommendations before accept the Fund’s assistance because of some controversial events has arisen before.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries that works to facilitate global monetary cooperation and financial stability. It provides policy advice and financing to member countries facing economic difficulties. The IMF was created in 1945 at the Bretton Woods conference to avoid competitive currency devaluations and promote international trade. It is governed by the 189 member countries and aims to foster global economic growth, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, and reduce poverty worldwide.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental organization that oversees the global financial system and enforces macroeconomic policies among its member countries. It aims to stabilize exchange rates and facilitate development through liberalizing economic policies. The IMF monitors members' economies, provides financial assistance through loans, and offers technical support to strengthen members' financial systems and reduce poverty. It works collaboratively with other international institutions on global economic and monetary issues.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 188 countries that works to promote global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability. It provides policy advice and financing to members facing economic difficulties. The IMF also assists developing countries to achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty. It monitors the global economy and alerts members to potential problems. The IMF aims to ensure stability of the international monetary and financial system.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) finalMayur Panchal
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It is governed by its 188 member countries and seeks to facilitate international trade, promote sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty. The IMF provides loans to countries experiencing economic difficulties, engages in economic surveillance of its members, and offers technical assistance and training. It is governed by the Board of Governors and managed by an Executive Board and staff led by a Managing Director.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was founded in 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference to support the international monetary system and facilitate global trade. It is governed by 189 member countries and oversees the international monetary system through surveillance of members' economic policies. The IMF aims to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate trade, promote growth and reduce poverty. It provides loans to countries experiencing economic issues and offers technical assistance and training. However, the IMF's policy prescriptions and bailouts have been criticized for enabling poor policies and not being tailored to individual country needs.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It is governed by and represents the interests of its 190 member countries. The IMF works to foster global growth, raise living standards, and reduce poverty through macroeconomic stability and access to short-term capital for countries experiencing economic hardship. It provides policy advice, research, statistics, financing, and technical assistance to its members.
The IMF monitors and makes policy recommendations regarding the international monetary system. It provides loans to countries experiencing economic crises or issues with their balance of payments. The IMF works to ensure stability in the international monetary system to facilitate balanced economic growth and development.
Promote international monetary cooperation;
Facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade;
Promote exchange stability;
Assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments; and
Make resources available (with adequate safeguards) to members experiencing balance of payments difficulties.
The IMF is accountable to the governments of its member countries. At the top of its organizational structure is the Board of Governors, which consists of one Governor and one Alternate Governor from each member country.
The Board of Governors meets once each year at the IMF-World Bank Annual Meetings.
Twenty-four of the Governors sit on the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) and normally meet twice each year.
The IMF's day-to-day work is overseen by its 24-member Executive Board, which represents the entire membership, this work is guided by the IMFC and supported by the IMF staff.
The Managing Director is the head of the IMF staff and Chairman of the Executive Board and is assisted by four Deputy Managing Directors.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental organization that oversees the global financial system and enforces economic policy on member countries. The IMF aims to stabilize exchange rates and facilitate development through loans and aid that liberalize economies. It monitors members' economic policies and provides short-term loans to help countries address balance of payments issues. The IMF is funded mainly through member quota subscriptions and has about 187 member countries.
The IMF was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It currently has 188 member countries. The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability through its main functions of surveillance, technical assistance, and financial support. It is governed by the Board of Governors and managed by an Executive Board and Managing Director. While the IMF aims to stabilize currencies and financial systems, its policies have also faced criticism for imposing austerity that negatively impacts social services, labor rights, and the environment in some member countries.
The document discusses the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It provides details on the origins of the IMF from the 1944 Bretton Woods conference, its objectives to promote international monetary cooperation and exchange stability, and its current 189 member countries. It outlines the IMF's functions like providing loans to members with temporary balance of payment issues and purchasing/selling foreign currency. India is a founding member of the IMF and currently has the 11th largest quota share. The IMF has provided benefits to India like foreign exchange facilities, World Bank membership, and technical/financial assistance.
The IMF was established in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It aims to foster global economic growth, provide emergency loans to countries with balance of payments issues, and offer advice to support members' economic development. The IMF is funded mainly through member quota subscriptions and its activities have helped members achieve greater monetary stability, reconstruction after World War 2, and increased international trade.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization formed to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development. It aims to strengthen member economies by making funds available, promote exchange stability, facilitate balanced trade growth, lessen disequilibrium in international balances of payments, and reduce poverty by enabling sustainable growth. The IMF monitors members' economies and policies, provides loans to countries with depleted reserves, stagnant economies, and rising bankruptcies, and keeps records of members' allocations and holdings of Special Drawing Rights, a supplementary reserve asset.
The document provides information on several international economic institutions established in the mid-20th century:
The IMF was established in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The World Bank was established in 1944 to provide development financing. UNCTAD was established in 1964 as a permanent UN organ to promote international trade. The WTO, established in 1995, oversees global trade agreements and settles disputes. The IFC, affiliated with the World Bank, was established in 1956 to promote private sector growth in developing countries.
The document discusses the World Bank, including its mission to reduce poverty through financial and technical assistance to developing countries. It provides information on the World Bank's history, membership, operations, areas of focus, support for India, priorities, and compares it to the International Monetary Fund. The World Bank aims to fund infrastructure projects and promote economic development, while the IMF focuses on global monetary issues and provides temporary financial assistance.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 188 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty. The IMF provides policy advice, research, loans, and technical assistance to help member countries. Key functions include surveillance of members' economic policies, lending to address balance of payment issues, and technical assistance. The IMF has helped Pakistan's economy through various loans totaling billions of dollars since the 1980s.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 186 countries that was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference. The IMF aims to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and reduce poverty. It provides loans to countries experiencing economic crises or balance of payment issues. The IMF is funded through quotas paid by member countries, and its headquarters are located in Washington D.C.
The World Bank is an international financial institution established in 1944 that provides loans and financial assistance to developing countries for programs aimed at reducing poverty. It consists of five institutions - the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Each institution specializes in a different aspect of development such as providing loans, guarantees, and dispute resolution services to promote global development and economic growth.
this presentation explains what is IFC i.e international financial corporation,what are the goals and purposes of IFC what are the services provided by international financial corporation
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 186 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability. The IMF provides policy advice, financing, research, and technical assistance to member countries to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty. The IMF monitors the global economy, provides early warnings of economic problems, and acts as a forum for policy discussions among member countries.
The document discusses Eurocurrency and the Eurodollar market. It defines Eurocurrency as currency deposited by governments or corporations in banks outside their home market, such as US dollars deposited in a London bank. The Eurodollar market refers specifically to US dollar deposits held in banks outside the US. The market originated in the late 1950s when European banks began accepting dollar deposits. It grew due to less regulation than in the US market, allowing for higher interest rates and more banking competition internationally. However, the unregulated nature of offshore banking also carries greater risks of bank failures and foreign exchange volatility for borrowers.
The IMF has played a role in shaping the global economy since World War II. It is an organization of 188 countries conceived at a 1944 UN conference to avoid competitive currency devaluations. The IMF's core responsibilities are to ensure monetary stability, secure exchange rates and payments systems, foster financial stability, and reduce poverty. It functions as a short-term lender of last resort providing currency reserves and advice to member countries.
The World Bank was established in 1945 to help finance post-war reconstruction in Europe. It later shifted its mission to economic development in poorer countries. It provides low-interest loans, grants, and technical assistance to developing nations for projects in areas like education, health, and infrastructure. The IMF was also formed in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. It oversees the global monetary system and assists countries with temporary balance of payments issues. Both institutions are owned by member countries but have different roles, with the World Bank focusing on long-term development projects and the IMF on short-term macroeconomic stability.
49317076 ppt-on-international-financial-institutionsKIIT University
The document discusses several international financial institutions (IFIs), including the World Bank, IMF, Asian Development Bank, and International Finance Corporation. It provides details on the establishment dates, objectives, membership, sources of funding, and functions of each institution. The World Bank aims to promote global development and reduce poverty. The IMF works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, and facilitate international trade. The Asian Development Bank focuses on lending and investment in Asia while the IFC provides private sector financing in developing countries.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization of 188 member countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability. Formed in 1944, the IMF provides loans to countries experiencing economic crises in order to correct payment imbalances. In exchange for loans, the IMF requires countries to implement policy reforms aimed at stabilizing their economies. The IMF is governed by a Board of Governors and led by a Managing Director.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was conceived in 1944 and established in 1945 with 45 founding member countries. The IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries and oversees the global financial system by monitoring members' macroeconomic policies. It aims to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development through loans that require liberalizing economic policies. The IMF provides short-term loans to countries having balance of payments problems and is headquartered in Washington D.C.
The IMF is an organization of 186 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability. It provides policy advice and financing to help countries achieve macroeconomic stability. The IMF tracks global economic trends, warns of potential problems, and shares expertise to help countries address economic difficulties. It supports members through policy advice, research, loans, and technical assistance. The IMF aims to ensure the stability of the international monetary system and help members promote growth and alleviate poverty.
Promote international monetary cooperation;
Facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade;
Promote exchange stability;
Assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments; and
Make resources available (with adequate safeguards) to members experiencing balance of payments difficulties.
The IMF is accountable to the governments of its member countries. At the top of its organizational structure is the Board of Governors, which consists of one Governor and one Alternate Governor from each member country.
The Board of Governors meets once each year at the IMF-World Bank Annual Meetings.
Twenty-four of the Governors sit on the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) and normally meet twice each year.
The IMF's day-to-day work is overseen by its 24-member Executive Board, which represents the entire membership, this work is guided by the IMFC and supported by the IMF staff.
The Managing Director is the head of the IMF staff and Chairman of the Executive Board and is assisted by four Deputy Managing Directors.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental organization that oversees the global financial system and enforces economic policy on member countries. The IMF aims to stabilize exchange rates and facilitate development through loans and aid that liberalize economies. It monitors members' economic policies and provides short-term loans to help countries address balance of payments issues. The IMF is funded mainly through member quota subscriptions and has about 187 member countries.
The IMF was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It currently has 188 member countries. The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability through its main functions of surveillance, technical assistance, and financial support. It is governed by the Board of Governors and managed by an Executive Board and Managing Director. While the IMF aims to stabilize currencies and financial systems, its policies have also faced criticism for imposing austerity that negatively impacts social services, labor rights, and the environment in some member countries.
The document discusses the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It provides details on the origins of the IMF from the 1944 Bretton Woods conference, its objectives to promote international monetary cooperation and exchange stability, and its current 189 member countries. It outlines the IMF's functions like providing loans to members with temporary balance of payment issues and purchasing/selling foreign currency. India is a founding member of the IMF and currently has the 11th largest quota share. The IMF has provided benefits to India like foreign exchange facilities, World Bank membership, and technical/financial assistance.
The IMF was established in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It aims to foster global economic growth, provide emergency loans to countries with balance of payments issues, and offer advice to support members' economic development. The IMF is funded mainly through member quota subscriptions and its activities have helped members achieve greater monetary stability, reconstruction after World War 2, and increased international trade.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization formed to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development. It aims to strengthen member economies by making funds available, promote exchange stability, facilitate balanced trade growth, lessen disequilibrium in international balances of payments, and reduce poverty by enabling sustainable growth. The IMF monitors members' economies and policies, provides loans to countries with depleted reserves, stagnant economies, and rising bankruptcies, and keeps records of members' allocations and holdings of Special Drawing Rights, a supplementary reserve asset.
The document provides information on several international economic institutions established in the mid-20th century:
The IMF was established in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The World Bank was established in 1944 to provide development financing. UNCTAD was established in 1964 as a permanent UN organ to promote international trade. The WTO, established in 1995, oversees global trade agreements and settles disputes. The IFC, affiliated with the World Bank, was established in 1956 to promote private sector growth in developing countries.
The document discusses the World Bank, including its mission to reduce poverty through financial and technical assistance to developing countries. It provides information on the World Bank's history, membership, operations, areas of focus, support for India, priorities, and compares it to the International Monetary Fund. The World Bank aims to fund infrastructure projects and promote economic development, while the IMF focuses on global monetary issues and provides temporary financial assistance.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 188 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty. The IMF provides policy advice, research, loans, and technical assistance to help member countries. Key functions include surveillance of members' economic policies, lending to address balance of payment issues, and technical assistance. The IMF has helped Pakistan's economy through various loans totaling billions of dollars since the 1980s.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 186 countries that was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference. The IMF aims to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and reduce poverty. It provides loans to countries experiencing economic crises or balance of payment issues. The IMF is funded through quotas paid by member countries, and its headquarters are located in Washington D.C.
The World Bank is an international financial institution established in 1944 that provides loans and financial assistance to developing countries for programs aimed at reducing poverty. It consists of five institutions - the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Each institution specializes in a different aspect of development such as providing loans, guarantees, and dispute resolution services to promote global development and economic growth.
this presentation explains what is IFC i.e international financial corporation,what are the goals and purposes of IFC what are the services provided by international financial corporation
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 186 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability. The IMF provides policy advice, financing, research, and technical assistance to member countries to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty. The IMF monitors the global economy, provides early warnings of economic problems, and acts as a forum for policy discussions among member countries.
The document discusses Eurocurrency and the Eurodollar market. It defines Eurocurrency as currency deposited by governments or corporations in banks outside their home market, such as US dollars deposited in a London bank. The Eurodollar market refers specifically to US dollar deposits held in banks outside the US. The market originated in the late 1950s when European banks began accepting dollar deposits. It grew due to less regulation than in the US market, allowing for higher interest rates and more banking competition internationally. However, the unregulated nature of offshore banking also carries greater risks of bank failures and foreign exchange volatility for borrowers.
The IMF has played a role in shaping the global economy since World War II. It is an organization of 188 countries conceived at a 1944 UN conference to avoid competitive currency devaluations. The IMF's core responsibilities are to ensure monetary stability, secure exchange rates and payments systems, foster financial stability, and reduce poverty. It functions as a short-term lender of last resort providing currency reserves and advice to member countries.
The World Bank was established in 1945 to help finance post-war reconstruction in Europe. It later shifted its mission to economic development in poorer countries. It provides low-interest loans, grants, and technical assistance to developing nations for projects in areas like education, health, and infrastructure. The IMF was also formed in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. It oversees the global monetary system and assists countries with temporary balance of payments issues. Both institutions are owned by member countries but have different roles, with the World Bank focusing on long-term development projects and the IMF on short-term macroeconomic stability.
49317076 ppt-on-international-financial-institutionsKIIT University
The document discusses several international financial institutions (IFIs), including the World Bank, IMF, Asian Development Bank, and International Finance Corporation. It provides details on the establishment dates, objectives, membership, sources of funding, and functions of each institution. The World Bank aims to promote global development and reduce poverty. The IMF works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, and facilitate international trade. The Asian Development Bank focuses on lending and investment in Asia while the IFC provides private sector financing in developing countries.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization of 188 member countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability. Formed in 1944, the IMF provides loans to countries experiencing economic crises in order to correct payment imbalances. In exchange for loans, the IMF requires countries to implement policy reforms aimed at stabilizing their economies. The IMF is governed by a Board of Governors and led by a Managing Director.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was conceived in 1944 and established in 1945 with 45 founding member countries. The IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries and oversees the global financial system by monitoring members' macroeconomic policies. It aims to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development through loans that require liberalizing economic policies. The IMF provides short-term loans to countries having balance of payments problems and is headquartered in Washington D.C.
The IMF is an organization of 186 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability. It provides policy advice and financing to help countries achieve macroeconomic stability. The IMF tracks global economic trends, warns of potential problems, and shares expertise to help countries address economic difficulties. It supports members through policy advice, research, loans, and technical assistance. The IMF aims to ensure the stability of the international monetary system and help members promote growth and alleviate poverty.
The IMF and World Bank were established in 1944 to stabilize the global economy and support development. The IMF monitors economies, provides policy advice, and emergency loans to address balance of payments issues. The World Bank provides long-term financing for development projects in poorer countries. Both organizations work to combat food crises by funding emergency aid, supporting agricultural research, and easing trade barriers.
- The document presents information about the International Monetary Fund (IMF), including its history, purpose, functions, and relationship with Bangladesh. The IMF was established in 1944 to promote global monetary cooperation and stability. It provides loans and other resources to help countries address balance of payments issues. The IMF works to monitor economies, support policies, and provide technical assistance to its over 185 member countries.
The document summarizes the International Monetary Fund (IMF), including its creation, mandate, functions, governance, and lending policies. The IMF was established in 1944 at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It monitors global economic and financial conditions and provides loans to countries experiencing economic difficulties. The IMF is governed by its 185 member countries and aims to foster global economic growth, employment, and trade.
The Post 1930 Era saw major global economic disruptions from the Great Depression and World War II. Countries responded by raising trade barriers and devaluing currencies to compete for exports. This led to a breakdown in international cooperation and a decline in world trade. At a conference in Bretton Woods in 1944, representatives agreed to establish the IMF to oversee the international monetary system and support countries facing economic difficulties through lending and other programs. The IMF formally began operations in 1947 with 29 member countries.
The document discusses the history and role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference to stabilize exchange rates and assist countries with payment imbalances. The IMF provides policy advice, research, loans, and technical assistance to its 188 member countries. The IMF is governed by quotas paid by each member and is led by a Managing Director. It supports global monetary cooperation, balanced trade, exchange rate stability, and helps eliminate payment imbalances and poverty in developing countries.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was created in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It aims to foster global growth and reduce poverty through loans and economic advice. IMF membership includes most UN nations and allows countries to borrow temporary funds to ease imbalances of payments. India is currently the 13th largest shareholder in the IMF with 1.95% of total quotas. The IMF has provided economic assistance and policy consultation to India over the years.
The IMF was created in 1944 to help countries maintain stable international monetary systems and provide temporary financial assistance. It aims to promote global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth. The IMF gains funds through membership fees paid by member countries and uses those funds to provide loans to countries experiencing economic troubles.
The World Bank is an international organization that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for programs aimed at reducing poverty. It was established in 1944 and has 185 member countries. The World Bank aims to reduce poverty through lending, grants, analytical services, and capacity building for projects related to agriculture, education, health, and other sectors. However, critics argue that the World Bank promotes Western interests and lacks transparency and democratic decision making.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was created in 1944 to stabilize exchange rates and assist in rebuilding the international monetary system after World War II. It is an organization of 186 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation. The IMF aims to facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable growth, and reduce poverty. However, its role has changed over time as countries have gained more financial autonomy and flexibility in their exchange rate systems. While the IMF still plays an important role in stabilizing the global economy, it also faces limitations due to ongoing changes in international financial markets.
The IMF and World Bank were established in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation and economic development. The IMF works to foster global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability, while the World Bank provides loans and technical assistance to developing countries for programs that reduce poverty. Both organizations are based in Washington D.C. and have over 180 member countries. They work to stabilize exchange rates and international trade, as well as promote high employment, sustainable growth, and poverty reduction worldwide.
Role of IMF & World Bank & New Development BankAshwani Singh
This presentation talks about major functions of IMF, World Bank and the latest addition in International Banking 'NDB' (BRICS bank). Criticism faced by IMF and WB, Areas these banks basically work in.
The document provides information about the World Bank, including its formation, objectives, membership, functions, and impact on India. It was formed in 1945 to aid in postwar reconstruction and development. The World Bank provides long-term loans and technical assistance to member countries for projects focused on reducing poverty and promoting balanced economic growth. India has been a major recipient of World Bank loans over the years, totaling over $65 billion, which have supported various social and infrastructure development initiatives.
The document provides information about the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), including their origins, membership, objectives, functions, and differences. The World Bank and IMF were established at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 to govern international monetary systems and provide financing for postwar reconstruction. Both organizations work to promote global economic cooperation and development.
International Financial Institutions (IFIs) such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank were established to promote international monetary cooperation and economic development. The IMF oversees the global financial system and provides loans to countries facing payment imbalances. The World Bank focuses on poverty reduction through long-term loans for infrastructure and development programs. Both institutions have faced criticism for the conditionalities attached to loans and negative social impacts, though developing countries often have no alternative to accessing their funds in times of crisis. Reforms have aimed to make IFI policies more sensitive to country-specific economic and social conditions.
The World Bank is an international financial institution established in 1944 to finance post-war reconstruction and development projects in member countries. It has since expanded to a group of five development institutions focused on reducing poverty. The World Bank provides loans, grants, and technical assistance to developing countries for projects related to education, health, infrastructure, and other sectors. It is governed by member countries but run day-to-day by executive staff and directors.
The document summarizes information about the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The IMF tracks global economic trends and provides financing and policy advice to member countries. Its goals are to promote financial stability, international trade, and economic growth. The World Bank provides long-term loans and financing to developing countries for capital programs and development projects, with the goal of reducing poverty. Key differences are that the IMF focuses on short-term balance of payments issues while the World Bank concentrates on long-term economic development projects.
Prize courts are national courts established by belligerent states to determine ownership over enemy property seized at sea, such as goods in violation of blockade or contraband rules. While prize courts apply the establishing state's law, they also aim to follow international law. This was demonstrated in the famous British case The Zamora, which established that prize courts are bound by acts of parliament but not orders contradicting international law. Another important case, The Appam, affirmed a neutral American court's jurisdiction to determine violations of its neutrality when a German-seized British ship entered U.S. waters during WWI.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental organization that oversees the global financial system and monitors the economic and financial policies of its member countries. The IMF was created in 1946 with the goals of promoting international monetary cooperation, facilitating international trade, maintaining exchange rate stability, and providing emergency loans to countries experiencing economic crises. The IMF gets most of its funding from quota subscriptions paid by member countries based on their relative size in the global economy. It aims to safeguard the stability of the international monetary system and provide advice to help countries prevent or resolve financial crises.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that oversees the global financial system. It aims to promote international monetary cooperation, facilitate balanced global trade, maintain exchange rate stability, and provide loans to countries experiencing economic hardship. The IMF has 189 member countries and is governed by a Board of Governors and Executive Board. It monitors countries' economic policies, provides financial assistance through loans, and offers technical support to help strengthen members' financial systems and reduce global poverty.
The IMF is one of most influential International Financial Institution committed for the reducing global poverty by meeting the challenges and opportunities of globalization. Hence, It urges on its member countries continued cooperation on transparent monetary and economic policies, honest government, and the establishment of rule of law. Although the IMF has been contributing to the economic development of developing countries including Bangladesh, we need to deeply examine the recommendations before accept the Fund’s assistance because of some controversial events has arisen before.
The document provides information about the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It states that the IMF oversees the global financial system and enforces liberalizing economic policies as a condition for loans. It was formed to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development. The IMF engages in dialogue with member countries about economic policies. The five largest shareholders are the United States, Japan, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. The IMF aims to support short term loans for countries having balance of payment problems.
The document provides an overview of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It discusses the IMF's establishment in 1944, mission to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability, organizational structure, financing through member quotas, and lending activities. The IMF monitors members' economic policies and risks, provides policy advice and capacity development, and issues Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) to supplement official foreign exchange reserves. The IMF obtains its financial resources from member quotas as well as multilateral and bilateral borrowing agreements.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries that works to promote global financial stability and monetary cooperation. It was established in 1945 and is headquartered in Washington D.C. The IMF monitors economic policies, provides loans to countries experiencing financial issues, and assists countries in strengthening their economies through technical assistance and training.
International Monetary System: The International Financial System - Reform of International Monetary Affairs
- The Bretton Wood System and the International Monetary Fund, Controversy over Regulation of International
Finance, Developing Countries' Concerns, Exchange Rate Policy of Developing Economies.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference by 45 countries to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability after World War 2. It monitors the global economy and provides loans to countries experiencing economic crises. The IMF aims to foster global monetary cooperation, facilitate international trade, maintain exchange rate stability, and lend members funds to correct balance of payments issues. It is governed by the Board of Governors and managed by the Managing Director. The IMF works to ensure stability of exchange rates and payments systems between countries through surveillance, lending, and technical assistance.
THE ROLE OF IMF (INTERNATIONAL MONETORY FUND) PAKISTANI ECONOMY?Dr. Arifa Saeed
The document discusses the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its role in Pakistan. It outlines the IMF's purpose to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development through enforcing liberal economic policies. It describes the IMF's governance structure, including its Board of Governors and Executive Board. It also discusses Pakistan's relationship with the IMF, including the impact of IMF loans on Pakistan's economic policies and the current state of its economy.
The IMF provides short-term loans to countries experiencing balance of payments issues to help promote economic growth. It was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference along with the World Bank to foster international cooperation and monetary stability between member countries. The IMF currently has 189 member countries and works to secure global financial stability through surveillance, policy advice, and lending programs.
The IMF was conceived in 1944 and established in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It works to improve the economies of its 189 member countries through surveillance of their economic policies, technical assistance and training, and lending. The IMF monitors global and national economies, provides short-term loans to countries with balance of payments problems, and makes policy recommendations to promote financial stability, employment, trade, and development.
The document discusses the role and activities of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It notes that the IMF was established in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and balanced growth in international trade. The IMF provides financial resources to member countries experiencing temporary balance of payments issues. It engages in surveillance of members' economic policies and provides various types of financing, technical assistance, and capacity development support. The IMF worked during this period to support low-income countries and address issues like high unemployment, rising public debt levels, and ensuring debt sustainability.
This document provides information about the International Monetary Fund (IMF), including its formation in 1945, mission to promote global monetary cooperation and financial stability, key activities like surveillance and capacity building, functions like advising member countries and providing loans, and tools used like structural adjustment policies. It also discusses IMF chief Christine Lagarde and some perceived failures of the IMF like imposing conditions on poor countries through structural adjustment loans.
IMF, World Bank AAQ , ADEL ABOUHANA,Development Bank , Qatar , Finance Slides...Adel Abouhana
The IMF was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference to promote global monetary cooperation and stability after the economic issues of the early 20th century. It is governed by 185 member countries and provides surveillance, technical assistance, and financing to its members. The IMF aims to foster international trade, employment, economic growth, exchange stability, and development.
The document summarizes the International Monetary Fund (IMF), including its creation, mandate, functions, governance, and lending policies. The IMF was established in 1944 at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It monitors global economic and financial conditions and provides loans to countries experiencing economic difficulties to help stabilize their economies. The IMF is governed by a Board of Governors and Executive Board and supports members through surveillance, technical assistance, and financial assistance programs.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) classifies countries as developed or developing based on members' self-selection. Around two-thirds of WTO's 164 members are developing countries. India is categorized as a lower-middle income country while China is upper-middle income. Developing countries receive special treatment including longer timelines to implement agreements and non-reciprocity in trade concessions. The WTO Agreement on Agriculture classifies subsidies into Green Box, Blue Box and Amber Box with different limits on trade-distorting domestic support. Developing countries have raised concerns over the percentage limits and classification of certain subsidies.
International Financial Institution, IMF, IBRD,IFC,IDAMohammed Jasir PV
International Financial Institution- International Monetary Fund—functions-- Special Drawing Rights - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development-- International Finance Corporation-- International Development Association
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 189 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability. It aims to facilitate international trade, promote employment and economic growth, and reduce poverty. The IMF provides loans to countries experiencing temporary balance of payments issues, offers technical assistance, and monitors economic policies. It is governed by a Board of Governors and Executive Board and led by a Managing Director. The IMF also issues Special Drawing Rights to supplement global reserve assets.
The document discusses the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, and questions around their continuing relevance. It provides background on the history and objectives of both institutions. For the IMF, it describes how nations can request loans in return for implementing structural adjustment programs. It also notes the dominance of the US within the IMF system. For the World Bank, it outlines the various agencies, key areas of operations, how it is funded and governed, and analytical services provided. However, both organizations have also faced significant criticism around issues like lack of transparency, promotion of Western interests, and negative social and environmental impacts of their policies.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
Understanding how timely GST payments influence a lender's decision to approve loans, this topic explores the correlation between GST compliance and creditworthiness. It highlights how consistent GST payments can enhance a business's financial credibility, potentially leading to higher chances of loan approval.
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
2. ROLE OF IMF . . .
• The IMF is the world central organization for international monetary
cooperation
• The IMF’s primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the
international monetary system (IMS).
• IMS is the system of exchange rates and international payments that
enables countries (and their citizens) to buy goods and services from
each other.
• The IMF provides technical assistance and training to help countries
when they need for economic stability and growth.
provides advice to its 184 member countries
Encourage them to adopt policies that foster economic
stability, reduce their vulnerability to economic and
financial crises, raise living standards, and
Makes financing temporarily available to member
countries to help them address balance of payments
and/or foreign trade balance problems
3. Why do we need the IMF?
Smoothing the bumps in the flow of
foreign exchange
Before buy or sell anything there is a basic problem i.e. Buyers have
to be able to change their money from their country's currency to the
seller's national currency. This is called "foreign exchange.
This is the "exchange rate." Without a reliable supply of foreign
exchange and relatively stable exchange rates, world trade would drop
drastically.
The IMF was founded over 50 years ago to allow currency to be
exchanged freely and easily between member countries. They ensure
that members always have enough foreign.
4. HISTORY OF THE IMF
• IMF was introduced as there arouse a need for International
cooperation in economics, trade and balance of payment affairs.
• United States made a proposal for establishment of International
Stabilization Fund. It was known as White plan.
• The IMF was established in July 1944 by 45 government
representatives in Bretton Woods town, New Hempshire (USA).
• They agreed on a framework for international economic cooperation.
• It was believed that such a framework was necessary to avoid a
repetition of disastrous economic policies that had contributed to the
Great Depression of thee 1930s.
• Thus IMF came in to existence to promote economic and financial
co-operation among the member countries.
5. ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE
BOARD OF •Interim
GOVERNORS Committee
•Development
committee
EXECUTIVE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS
MANAGING
DIRECTOR
IMF SECRETARIAT
6. Growth in IMF’s membership
• In the beginning 29
member countries
• Today,185 member
Countries
• Staff of about 2680
persons
• Two-thirds are
economists in 139
countries
• Headquarters in
Washington, D.C.
7. IMF MAIN BUSINESS : MACROECONOMIC
AND FINANCIAL SECTOR POLICIES
I. Macroeconomic policies relating to the government’s budget,
the management of money and credit, and the exchange rate.
II. Macroeconomic performance – government and consumer
spending, business investment, exports and imports, output
(GDP), employment, and inflation.
III. Balance of payments - that is, the balance of a country’s
transactions with the rest of the world.
IV. Financial sector policies, including the regulation and
supervision of banks and other financial institutions.
V. Structural policies that affect macroeconomic performance
such as those governing labor markets, the energy sector, and
8. KEY MEMBERS
Quota: Millions of SDRs
IMF Member Country Quota: Percentage
Australia 3236.4 1.49
Belgium 4605.2 2.12
USA 37149.5 17.09
United Kingdom 10738.5 4.94
4158.3 1.91
India
3036.1 1.4
Brazil
9. LARGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO IMF
18.3
20
Percent of Total
Quotas
15
10 5.7 5.7 5.1 5.1
5
0
US Germany Japan Britain France
10. PRINCIPAL DUTIES OF IMF
SURVEILLANCE ( Like a Doctor ):- Help in providing policy advise
to low income countries by:-
i. Establishing Economic Frameworks that support sustained
growth and poverty reduction.
ii. Identify and manage sources of macroeconomic risk and
vulnerabilities.
iii. Strengthen institutions and policies that underline sound
macroeconomic management.
Progress report is annually published in Global Monitoring Report
by IMF and World Bank.
11. Technical Assistance (like a teacher) :-
•Strengthening human skills and institutional capacity of countries
•Helps members in strengthening their policy formulation and
implementation, and the legal, institutional, and market frameworks
within which they operate.
•It also constitutes an important complement to IMF surveillance and
lending operations in member countries.
Financial Assistance (like a banker) :-
• Lending to countries to support reforms
•Improving financial sector surveillance.
•Development of standards and codes of good practice.
•Enhancement of transparency in the IMF and its member countries.
Involvement of the private sector in crisis resolution
12. HOW IS IMF FINANCED?
• The IMF is financed by member countries who contribute funds on
joining or from existing members
• IMF stands at $300 billion financed from its 183 member countries
• The U.S deposited the largest amount.
• Quota subscriptions generate most of the IMF's financial resources.
• Each member country of the IMF is assigned a quota, based broadly
on its relative size in the world economy.
• A member's quota determines its maximum financial commitment to
the IMF and its voting power, and has a bearing on its access to IMF
financing.
• A new country is assigned an initial quota in the same range as the
quotas of existing members
13. IMF MEMBERS WITH LARGEST QUOTA SHARES
(as of April 2007)
Member Quota share (%) Votes (% of
total)
United States 17.14 16.83
Japan 6.14 6.04
Germany 6.00 5.90
France 4.95 4.87
United Kingdom 4.95 4.87
Italy 3.26 3.21
Saudi Arabia 3.22 3.17
China 3.73 3.67
Canada 2.94 2.89
Russia 2.74 2.70 13
14. IMF LENDING FACILITIES
• Stand-By-Arrangements as designed to deal with short term balance
of payments problems
• The IMF introduced the Extended Fund Facility to help countries
address balance of payment difficulties related partly to structural
problems that may take longer to correct than macroeconomic
imbalance
• Under its Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, the IMF provides
concessional loans – loans with an annual interest rate of 0.5 percent
and a maturity of 10 years - to its poorest member countries.
• The IMF provides Emergency Assistance to countries coping with
balance of payments problems caused by natural disasters or military
conflicts. The interest rates are subsidized for low-income countries.
• The Trade Integration Mechanism allows the IMF to provide loans
under one of its facilities to a developing country whose balance of
payments suffers.
15. IMF vs. WORLD BANK
•World Bank provides long-term loans for promoting balanced economic
development, while IMF provides short-term loans to member countries
for eliminating BOP disequilibrium.
•Both these institutions are complementary to each other. Few
economists have even suggested that the two organizations should be
merged.
•IMF and World bank collaborate regularly and are involved in several
joint initiatives.
•The IMF and the World Bank introduced the concept of Aid for Trade
for the least developed countries
16. HOW DOES THE IMF HELP POOR
COUNTRIES
The quota allotted by the IMF to each member country has to be
deposited partly in the member’s own currency and the remainder
in the form of foreign exchange.
IMF's loans to low-income countries are made on concessional
terms, under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility.
IMF introduced in 2005—the Policy Support Instrument, countries
can request that the IMF regularly and frequently review their
economic programs to ensure that they are on track.
The IMF also participates in debt relief efforts for poor countries
that are unable to reduce their debt to a sustainable level even after
benefiting from aid, concessional loans, and the sound policies.
17. ROLE TOWARDS MEMBER
NATIONS
The financial assistance and advice the IMF offers to its poorest
members are geared partly to helping them achieve these goals :-
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
18. ROLE OF IMF IN INDIA
•Joined IMF on 27 DEC, 1945
•India borrowed SDR 3.9 billion (1981-82) & SDR 2.2 billion (1991-93).
• In recent years, the fund provided to India was in government
securities, foreign exchange market, public expenditure management &
tax & custom administrations.
Current scenario
SDR (Net cumulative allocation)- 681.17 m
Holdings - 6.78 m
Outstanding purchases & loans - None
•By James Gordon (Washington based multilateral institution's
representative)
―India does not need any financing from IMF considering that
the country had crossed $103 billion of FOREX reserves‖
Emerging market economy Feb 13, 2004
Acc to indiatimes - India borrowed from IMF in crisis of 1990’s & fully
repaid its loan.
•So now India has that potential to be include into IMF financial
transactions plan (40 countries)
By P Uaidynathan Iyer in New Delhi Jan 19, 2004
19. IMF & INDIA
India’s current quota in the IMF is SDR 4158.2 millonin the total quota of SDR
213 billion, giving it a shareholding of 1.95 per cent. India’s relative position
based on quota is 13th. However, based on voting share, India (together with its
constituent countries, viz., Bangladesh, Bhutan and Sri Lanka) is ranked 21st in
the list of 24 constitutencies.
The IMF members can either retain SDRs, use them in payments etc. or sell
them to other member countries.
IMF has played an important role in Indian economy. IMF has provided
economic assistance from time to time to India and has also provided
appropriate consultancy in determination of various policies in the country.
Till 1970, India was among the first five nations having the highest quota with
IMF and due to this status India was allotted a permanent place in Executive
Board of Directors.
In July 2004, India and IMF joint training programme at the National Institute of
Bank Management, Pune was established.
20. India’s relation with IMF
• Provides financial assistance to
boost our economy
• IMF suggests that India can become
a financial superpower by bringing in
reforms in the economic policies.
• India has become a creditor and
stopped taking loans from it.
21. CRISIS MANAGEMENT BY THE
IMF
• Many observers thought the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in
1973 would diminish the role of the IMF within the international
monetary system
• However, the activities of the IMF have expanded due to the periodic
financial crises since 1973
• IMF deals with three challenges
– currency crises
– banking crises
– foreign debt crises
22. CURRENCY CRISIS
• Speculative attack on a currency’s exchange rate value results in:
– a sharp depreciation in the value of the currency
– forcing authorities/central bank to defend its currency and the
prevailing exchange rate by:
• expending international currency reserves
• sharply increasing interest rates
BANKING CRISIS
• The loss of confidence in the banking system that leads to a run on
banks, as individuals and companies withdraw their deposits
23. FOREIGN DEBT CRISIS
• Country cannot service its foreign debt obligations, whether private-
sector or government debt
• Usually the result of macroeconomic causes:
– high relative price inflation
– a widening current account deficit
– excessive expansion of domestic borrowing
– asset price inflation
24. CRITICISMS OF THE IMF
The IMF has created an immoral system of modern day
colonialism that drains the poor
The IMF serves wealthy countries and Wall Street
The IMF is a secretive institution with no accountability
IMF says, it makes loans in exchange for policy reform,it has not
been successful in turning countries to the free market. Instead,the
fund has created loan addicts, ―more than 70 nations have depended
on imf aid for 20 or more years,24 countries have received IMF
creidts for 30 or more years.
One of the biggest critiques of the IMF and world bank is that they
hardly ever co-ordinate their activities