14. WET GANGRENE SMALL
INTESTINE
L-31
Specimen of the small
intestine. Two loops of bowel are seen
twisted at the root of mesentery. The
bowel appears oedematous and the
wall appears thinned out. The bowel
and the mesentery are uniformly black
in colour. Two oval areas anti-
mesenteric in position, about 2 X 1 cm
in size, appear gangrenous and
represent the herniated portions.
Diagnosis :- WET GANGRENE SMALL
INTESTINE.
15. DRY GANGRENE FOOT
(WITH AUTOAMPUTATION
OF THE 5TH TOE)
B-5
Specimen of the right foot
showing loss of the 5th toe with an oval
ulcer at the base. The floor of the
ulcer is depressed and covered with
slough.
The big toe shows
blackish discolouration and appears
shrunken and mummified. The line of
demarcation between healthy and
devitalized tissue is sharp. Early
discolouration of the second toe is also
present.
Diagnosis :- DRY GANGRENE FOOT
(WITH AUTOAMPUTATION OF THE 5TH
TOE)
16. CASEATION NECROSIS
(Tuberculous
lymphadenitis)
F-3
The specimen is of
multiple, matted, mesenteric lymph
nodes. The cut surface shows
replacement of the nodes by a cheesy
necrotic tissue (caseation).
Diagnosis :-CASEATION NECROSIS
(Tuberculous lymphadenitis).
17. ABSCESS BRAIN
G-2
Cut section of the left cerebral
hemisphere shows a large cavity, 6cm
in diameter, in the frontal lobe. The
wall is thick and the inner surface is
rough and granular. The liquefied
contents of the cavity have been lost in
mounting. This is an example of
liquefaction necrosis.
Diagnosis: ABSCESS BRAIN
18. INFARCT KIDNEY
K-76
The external surface of the kidney
shows an irregular pale,white areas.
On cut surface, wedge shaped pale
infarcts are seen with the wider side of
wedge abutting the renal capsule.
Diagnosis:- INFARCT KIDNEY
(coagulative necrosis)
19. HEART SHOWING
COAGULATIVE NECROSIS
(Myocardial Infarct)
D-8
The lateral wall of the left
ventricle shows a brownish
discoloured area due to myocardial
infarction, an example of coagulative
necrosis in the myocardium.
Diagnosis :- HEART SHOWING
COAGULATIVE NECROSIS (Myocardial
Infarct).
20. MULTIPLE INFARCTS
SPLEEN
F-13
The specimen of the spleen shows
multiple pale, wedge shaped areas
with the broad end towards the
splenic capsule. Some of these show a
hyperaemic zone at the interface with
the normal splenic tissue. This is an
example of coagulative necrosis (due
to ischaemia).
Diagnosis: MULTIPLE INFARCTS
SPLEEN
21. INFARCT HEART
D-2
Specimen of the heart.
The anterior wall of the left ventricle
shows marked scarring. Near the
apex, the wall appears thinned and
scarred and shows a dark
haemorrhagic zone. The epicardium
covering this area shows a fibrinous
exudate.
Diagnosis :- INFARCT HEART
22. ATHEROSCLEROSIS AORTA
WITH OVERLYING
THROMBUS
D-60
Specimen of descending
aorta and common iliac arteries.
Advanced atherosclerotic lesions have
caused ulceration and scarring of the
intimal surface.
In its distal portion a large
thrombus is seen covering a length of
5 cm of the aortic intimal surface.
Diagnosis :- ATHEROSCLEROSIS AORTA
WITH OVERLYING THROMBUS
23. CHRONIC VENOUS
CONGESTION LIVER
(NUTMEG LIVER)
E-17/21
The specimen is of a slice
of liver with gall bladder. The liver
appeared slightly enlarged and its
outer surface mottled.
The cut surface shows a speckled
appearance (nutmeg like) the darker
areas representing central lobular
congestion and the pale
areas, periportal fatty change.
Diagnosis :-CHRONIC VENOUS
CONGESTION LIVER (NUTMEG LIVER)
24. TUBERCULOUS APICAL
CAVITY LUNG
C-1
The specimen is of the
apex of the lung. A cavity 3 X 3 cms is
seen with a well defined thick fibrous
wall around it. Small foci of caseation
can be seen in the adjoining
parenchyma. The pleura overlying the
cavity is thickened and shaggy.
Diagnosis :- TUBERCULOUS APICAL
CAVITY LUNG.
25. TUBERCULOSIS LUNG
(PRIMARY COMPLEX)
C-6
Specimen consists of both
lungs, trachea, para-tracheal
nodes, larynx and tongue. The upper
lobe on the right side shows a small
sub pleural focus seen as a grayish
nodule 1-2 mm in diameter. A group
of enlarged lymph nodes can be seen
at the carina, two of which show
caseation.
Diagnosis :- TUBERCULOSIS LUNG
(PRIMARY COMPLEX)
26. TUBERCULOSIS LUNG WITH
APICAL CAVITY AND
BRONCHOGENIC SPREAD
(‘Tubercular
bronchopneumonia’)
C-9
The specimen is of the
lung. It shows a small punched out
cavity at the apex and irregular
caseating areas throughout the
lung, predominantly peri-bronchiolar
in distribution. The intervening lung
tissue is consolidated. The bronchioles
are ulcerated at places.
Diagnosis :- TUBERCULOSIS LUNG
WITH APICAL CAVITY AND
BRONCHOGENIC SPREAD (‘Tubercular
bronchopneumonia’)
27. TUBERCULOSIS LUNG
WITH APICAL CAVITY AND
MILIARY SPREAD
C-27
The specimen is of the
lung. It shows an apical cavity
measuring 2 X 2 cms, which is thick
walled and well defined. The rest of
the lung shows numerous closely
packed pin-point 1-2mm, grayish
yellow specks covering the anterior
surface. There is evidence of fibrinous
pleuritis.
Diagnosis :- TUBERCULOSIS LUNG
WITH APICAL CAVITY AND MILIARY
SPREAD
28. CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
WITH HYPERTENSION
K-2
Specimen is of the heart
and kidney. The kidney has
coarse, irregular pitted scars on the
external surface. The cut surface
shows poor corticomedullary
differentiation. The pelvis is dilated.
Heart shows gross left
ventricular wall and papillary muscle
thickening and prominence of
trabeculations. The aorta is
atherosclerotic.
Diagnosis :- CHRONIC
PYELONEPHRITIS WITH
HYPERTENSION.
29. VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
DUE TO HYPERTENSION
(HYPERTENSIVE HEART
DISEASE)
D-42
The heart is enlarged and
shows left ventricular hypertrophy.
The left ventricular wall is thickened
and the papillary muscles and
trabeculae are prominent. The cardiac
chambers are narrowed due to
concentric muscular hypertrophy.
Diagnosis :-VENTRICULAR
HYPERTROPHY DUE TO HYPERTENSION
(HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE)