MMEA (The Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Efficiency Assessment) research program final seminar presentation by Dr. Eija Honkavaara, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute
Light-imaging Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has become a common tool used in mapping and is being dispatched to complete more and more projects, but do you understand what this technology is, how it works, and what it can be used for? Through this brief but informative presentation, we’ll get you up-to-date on LiDAR
technology and its ability to offer acquisition of digital elevation data for large-scale mapping projects. We’ll also
discuss how LiDAR can work alongside traditional aerial photography and photogrammetric techniques – making it even more powerful.
Geographic Information Systems rely heavily on data from Remote Sensing platforms like satellites, which provide imagery and information on land cover, terrain models, and changes over time. As Remote Sensing technologies advance with higher resolution sensors, more data can be incorporated into GIS maps and analyzed to study various environmental topics. Issues around privacy and data storage may increase as more detailed imagery becomes available.
The document summarizes recent developments in airborne laser scanning technologies. It discusses improvements such as increased data acquisition rates enabled by higher pulse repetition rates and scan rates. It also covers developments like multiple return recording and full waveform digitization. Integration of digital cameras to provide higher quality imagery is also described. Overall, technologies have advanced to allow for higher point densities, altitudes, and accuracies in airborne laser scanning systems.
An introduction to ocean remote sensing (2nd ed.) [s. martin, 2014]Marchel monoarfa
This document provides an overview of the second edition of the textbook "An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing". The second edition has been fully updated with significant new coverage of advances in satellite oceanography and results from new satellite missions. It remains an ideal textbook for students taking courses in oceanography, remote sensing, and environmental science, and provides a practical resource for researchers working with oceanographic satellite data. The book introduces students to how remote sensing works, how to understand satellite observations of the ocean, and the importance of these observations for physical and biological oceanography. It provides explanations of various imaging techniques and retrieval algorithms used to measure properties of the ocean from satellite observations.
This document provides information on various remote sensing platforms and Earth observing satellites. It discusses balloons, helicopters, airplanes and satellites as remote sensing platforms. It then describes different types of satellite orbits and provides details on several major Earth observing satellites including their sensors and specifications. These satellites include Landsat, SPOT, Ikonos, AVHRR, Radarsat, GOES, Meteosat, and some Indian, Japanese, European and Russian satellites.
LIDAR is a remote sensing technology that uses laser pulses to measure distances to surfaces. It can generate highly accurate 3D models of terrain and other physical features. LIDAR data consists of a dense cloud of elevation points that can be used to create digital elevation models, contour maps, and other products. Advances in GPS, laser, and inertial measurement technologies have made airborne LIDAR capable of collecting millions of elevation points per second with sub-meter horizontal and 15-30 cm vertical accuracy. LIDAR data has many applications for mapping forests, urban areas, watersheds and other landscapes.
Overview of hyperspectral remote sensing of impervious surfaceszhengspace
This document discusses the use of hyperspectral data for monitoring impervious surfaces. It begins with an overview of hyperspectral data characteristics compared to multispectral data. It then provides examples of previous studies that have used hyperspectral data and spectral features to classify and detect urban materials like asphalt, concrete, and rooftops. The document concludes that while hyperspectral data has potential for improved urban classification, more work is needed to develop robust spectral features and validation methods.
Light-imaging Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has become a common tool used in mapping and is being dispatched to complete more and more projects, but do you understand what this technology is, how it works, and what it can be used for? Through this brief but informative presentation, we’ll get you up-to-date on LiDAR
technology and its ability to offer acquisition of digital elevation data for large-scale mapping projects. We’ll also
discuss how LiDAR can work alongside traditional aerial photography and photogrammetric techniques – making it even more powerful.
Geographic Information Systems rely heavily on data from Remote Sensing platforms like satellites, which provide imagery and information on land cover, terrain models, and changes over time. As Remote Sensing technologies advance with higher resolution sensors, more data can be incorporated into GIS maps and analyzed to study various environmental topics. Issues around privacy and data storage may increase as more detailed imagery becomes available.
The document summarizes recent developments in airborne laser scanning technologies. It discusses improvements such as increased data acquisition rates enabled by higher pulse repetition rates and scan rates. It also covers developments like multiple return recording and full waveform digitization. Integration of digital cameras to provide higher quality imagery is also described. Overall, technologies have advanced to allow for higher point densities, altitudes, and accuracies in airborne laser scanning systems.
An introduction to ocean remote sensing (2nd ed.) [s. martin, 2014]Marchel monoarfa
This document provides an overview of the second edition of the textbook "An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing". The second edition has been fully updated with significant new coverage of advances in satellite oceanography and results from new satellite missions. It remains an ideal textbook for students taking courses in oceanography, remote sensing, and environmental science, and provides a practical resource for researchers working with oceanographic satellite data. The book introduces students to how remote sensing works, how to understand satellite observations of the ocean, and the importance of these observations for physical and biological oceanography. It provides explanations of various imaging techniques and retrieval algorithms used to measure properties of the ocean from satellite observations.
This document provides information on various remote sensing platforms and Earth observing satellites. It discusses balloons, helicopters, airplanes and satellites as remote sensing platforms. It then describes different types of satellite orbits and provides details on several major Earth observing satellites including their sensors and specifications. These satellites include Landsat, SPOT, Ikonos, AVHRR, Radarsat, GOES, Meteosat, and some Indian, Japanese, European and Russian satellites.
LIDAR is a remote sensing technology that uses laser pulses to measure distances to surfaces. It can generate highly accurate 3D models of terrain and other physical features. LIDAR data consists of a dense cloud of elevation points that can be used to create digital elevation models, contour maps, and other products. Advances in GPS, laser, and inertial measurement technologies have made airborne LIDAR capable of collecting millions of elevation points per second with sub-meter horizontal and 15-30 cm vertical accuracy. LIDAR data has many applications for mapping forests, urban areas, watersheds and other landscapes.
Overview of hyperspectral remote sensing of impervious surfaceszhengspace
This document discusses the use of hyperspectral data for monitoring impervious surfaces. It begins with an overview of hyperspectral data characteristics compared to multispectral data. It then provides examples of previous studies that have used hyperspectral data and spectral features to classify and detect urban materials like asphalt, concrete, and rooftops. The document concludes that while hyperspectral data has potential for improved urban classification, more work is needed to develop robust spectral features and validation methods.
The document discusses using ASTER satellite imagery and GIS for mineral exploration. It provides details on two case studies: 1) identifying gold deposits in Nevada using ASTER data integrated into a geodatabase, and 2) mapping alteration zones in India using ASTER shortwave infrared bands. The case studies demonstrate how ASTER imagery can be processed and analyzed using GIS and techniques like principal component analysis to produce geological maps and identify target areas for further mineral exploration.
The objective of image classification is to classify each pixel into only one class (crisp or hard classification) or to associate the pixel with many classes (fuzzy or soft classification). The classification techniques may be categorized either on the basis of training process (supervised and unsupervised) or on the basis of theoretical model (parametric and non-parametric).
Unsupervised classification is where the groupings of pixels with common characteristics are based on the software analysis of an image without the user providing sample classes. The computer uses techniques to determine which pixels are related and groups them into classes. The user can specify which algorism the software will use and the desired number of output classes but otherwise does not aid in the classification process. However, the user must have knowledge of the area being classified when the groupings of pixels with common characteristics produced by the computer have to be related to actual features on the ground (such as waterbodies, developed areas, forests, etc.).
Supervised classification is based on the idea that a user can select sample pixels in an image that are representative of specific classes and then direct the image processing software to use these training sites as references for the classification of all other pixels in the image. Input classes are selected based on the knowledge of the user. The user also sets the bounds for how similar other pixels must be to group them together. These bounds are often set based on the spectral characteristics of the input classes (AOI), plus or minus a certain increment (often based on “brightness” or strength of reflection in specific spectral bands). The user also designates the number of classes that the image is classified into.
THIS PRESENTATION IS TO HELP YOU PERFORM THE TASK STEP BY STEP.
This document discusses different types of remote sensing systems used in civil engineering, including optical, photogrammetric, thermal, multispectral, hyperspectral, and panchromatic systems. It provides examples and specifications of various sensors, such as MODIS, AVIRIS, IKONOS, and WorldView. The document also covers digital image formats, photogrammetry, image distortions and displacements, reference ellipsoids, relief displacement, and methods of measuring heights from aerial photographs.
The SPOT satellite system includes several satellites (SPOT 1-5) operated by France and Belgium to observe and monitor Earth. Key specifications of the SPOT satellites include their launch dates between 1986-2002 using Ariane rockets, orbital parameters, onboard instruments including high-resolution visible and infrared cameras, recording and transmission capabilities, and inclusion of vegetation monitoring instruments on some satellites. The SPOT satellites provide high-resolution optical imagery of Earth to study resources, climate, human activities and natural phenomena.
Hyperspectral remote sensing for oil explorationJayanth Joshua
Hyperspectral remote sensing uses sensors that collect data across a wide range of electromagnetic wavelengths, with more than 100 contiguous bands that provide detailed spectral signatures. This allows identification of subtle mineral and material differences that can indicate oil and gas deposits. Seeps at the surface cause alterations detectable by hyperspectral analysis, like calcite, pyrite and clay changes. A Hydrocarbon Index highlights absorption peaks related to hydrocarbons. Classification algorithms like Spectral Angle Mapper can map hydrocarbon-bearing zones by comparing spectra to known samples. Soil tonal anomalies from bleaching or iron/clay changes also indicate subsurface structures and seepage areas for exploration.
Presentation on applications of AI in the geospatial domain at the Fourth Edition of AI in Practice (6th November 2019, Startup Village, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
Erik Van Der Zee, Enterprise Architect, Geodan
This document provides an overview of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses that remote sensing involves gathering information about objects from a distance using sensors, including passive techniques like photography and active techniques like radar. It also outlines key remote sensing concepts and different sensor types. The document then defines GIS as a system for inputting, storing, analyzing and outputting geospatial data to support decision-making. It lists some common GIS functions and applications.
This document discusses remote sensing systems. It begins with an introduction to remote sensing as gathering information from objects without direct contact. It then covers the history of remote sensing from early aerial photography to modern satellite systems. The document outlines different types of remote sensing including passive methods like photography and radiometers and active methods like RADAR and LiDAR. It provides examples of remote sensing applications and techniques. Finally, it describes different optical, RADAR, and LiDAR remote sensing systems and how they work.
The document discusses orthorectification and triangulation. It defines orthorectification as the process of removing geometric errors from aerial photographs to produce orthophotos that have consistent scale and orthographic projection like a map but also have photographic detail. Triangulation is defined as determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from other known points, rather than direct measurements. It can be used to orient aerial photographs and produce 3D point measurements. The document provides details on producing orthophotos using DEM data and forward or backward projection methods. It also gives an example of using triangulation to align a block of aerial images.
- The document discusses using hyperspectral remote sensing for mineral mapping. It provides background on how minerals have unique spectral signatures and defines hyperspectral imagery as image cubes with spatial and spectral data.
- Two case studies are summarized that demonstrate using techniques like atmospheric correction, MNF transformation, and spectral analysis tools like SAM and MTMF on Hyperion satellite imagery to map minerals in areas of India and Pakistan. Key minerals identified include grossularite, calcite, pyrite, andradite, and dolomite.
- The methodology involves preprocessing the hyperspectral cube, identifying endmembers, and then classifying and mapping minerals present based on their spectral properties and signatures in the imagery.
The document provides an overview of remote sensing concepts through three lectures presented by Dr. Safaa Mohamed Hasan. The lectures cover definitions of remote sensing, sensor types, image characteristics, and resolutions including spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal resolutions. Geometric distortions and corrections through registration and resampling techniques are also discussed.
Taking a Geographic Approach to Machine Learning - Esri Ireland 'Do One Thing...Esri Ireland
Discover how you can take a geographic approach to machine learning to help you "See What Others Can't".
Imagery and remotely sensed data is a valuable resource for many organisations who have made substantial investment obtaining the data. The field of machine learning is both broad and deep and is constantly evolving. Using ArcGIS and machine learning allows organisations to derive valuable new content. ArcGIS is an open, interoperable platform that allows for the integration of complementary methods and techniques that empower ArcGIS users to solve complex, real-world problems in a fundamentally spatial way.
These slides were used as part of episode 6 of the Esri Ireland 'Do One Thing Well' Webinar Series. You can watch the webinar recording here: https://youtu.be/zAzNqw4KZRk
For any questions relating to the contents of this webinar or other GIS related inquiries, you can contact our team via mapsmakesense@esri-ireland.ie.
The document provides an overview of thermal remote sensing. It discusses key concepts like the thermal infrared spectrum, atmospheric windows and absorption bands, fundamental radiation laws, thermal data acquisition using sensors, and applications in mapping forest fires, urban heat islands, volcanoes, and military purposes. Thermal remote sensing allows measuring the true temperature of objects and detecting features not visible in optical remote sensing. It has advantages like temperature measurement but maintaining sensors at low temperatures can be challenging.
Thermal infrared remote sensing involves observing electromagnetic radiation emitted from objects in the thermal infrared wavelength range of 3-14 micrometers. In this range, sensors can detect the thermal radiative properties of ground materials. Thermal infrared imagery captures relative differences in surface temperature or radiance. Interpreting thermal images requires understanding factors like the time of day the image was taken, whether it is a positive or negative image, and how emissivity and other surface characteristics impact observed radiation and temperature values.
Remote sensing involves observing the Earth from a distance using aerial photographs or satellite imagery. Aerial photographs provide detailed views from low altitudes but limited coverage, while satellite images offer global coverage but less detail. Remote sensing data can be used to map features, monitor changes over time, and classify land cover by analyzing spectral signatures from multi-spectral imagery. Digital tools allow remote sensing data to be manipulated for 3D modeling and analysis in geographic information systems.
Lidar, or light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances. It was originally developed in the 1960s and has various applications including agriculture, autonomous vehicles, geology, atmospheric science, mining, space exploration, surveying, and planetary science. For example, lidar allowed NASA to create highly accurate topographic maps of Mars through the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter mission.
This document discusses satellite remote sensing. It provides details on different types of remote sensing satellites including Landsat, MODIS, SPOT, IRS series, and IKONOS. It also describes various sensors used in remote sensing such as MSS, TM, HRV, LISS, PAN, and WiFS. The document discusses the basic principles, components, and applications of remote sensing from satellites for land resources survey, environmental monitoring, and other purposes.
This document outlines the methodology for an aerial survey project, including identifying the area of interest, obtaining necessary flight permissions, setting up ground control stations, conducting the aerial survey, processing the aerial data to create orthophotos and maps, and delivering the final digital data and reports. Key steps involve planning the flight path, capturing high-resolution aerial images, using GPS and camera data to orient the images, mosaicking orthophotos, extracting mapped features, and providing deliverables such as imagery, terrain models, and maps.
This document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of remote sensing. It defines remote sensing as acquiring information about the Earth's surface without direct contact, using sensors to detect reflected or emitted energy. It describes the basic components of the remote sensing process, including an energy source, interactions with the atmosphere and target, sensor recording, data transmission and processing, analysis and interpretation, and application of results. It discusses electromagnetic radiation, the electromagnetic spectrum, and how different wavelengths interact with and are affected by the atmosphere through scattering and absorption mechanisms before reaching the target. The key atmospheric windows used for remote sensing correspond to the visible, infrared and microwave portions of the spectrum.
CEMIS is a joint research center focused on measurement and information systems. It develops online sensor technologies for monitoring various parameters in demanding conditions. Some key sensors discussed include ones for monitoring toxic metals in water, which can detect parameters like copper, lead and zinc at levels of parts per billion. CEMIS is working to commercialize an automated online water quality analyzer by the end of 2015. The presentation envisions future sensor networks being wireless, self-powered, and able to robustly monitor water quality in real-time through multi-sensing capabilities.
ARVI Kiertotalous iiketoimintana: systeemisyyden haasteet ja mahdollisuudet, ...CLIC Innovation Ltd
The document discusses circular economy and waste management as business opportunities in a systemic context. It notes that waste is a valuable resource and the shift to circular economy is happening globally but at varying paces depending on location. Understanding complex systems is important as waste businesses operate within business ecosystems comprising various actors and mechanisms of influence. Case studies from Finland/Europe, Brazil, China and the US show differences in value creation and capture depending on the local context. Both drivers and barriers originate from cultural, political, technological and business ecosystem systems. A range of business opportunities are identified along the waste value chain. Adapting business models to changing value propositions, value creation processes and value capture methods will be important for companies to succeed in waste management and
The document discusses using ASTER satellite imagery and GIS for mineral exploration. It provides details on two case studies: 1) identifying gold deposits in Nevada using ASTER data integrated into a geodatabase, and 2) mapping alteration zones in India using ASTER shortwave infrared bands. The case studies demonstrate how ASTER imagery can be processed and analyzed using GIS and techniques like principal component analysis to produce geological maps and identify target areas for further mineral exploration.
The objective of image classification is to classify each pixel into only one class (crisp or hard classification) or to associate the pixel with many classes (fuzzy or soft classification). The classification techniques may be categorized either on the basis of training process (supervised and unsupervised) or on the basis of theoretical model (parametric and non-parametric).
Unsupervised classification is where the groupings of pixels with common characteristics are based on the software analysis of an image without the user providing sample classes. The computer uses techniques to determine which pixels are related and groups them into classes. The user can specify which algorism the software will use and the desired number of output classes but otherwise does not aid in the classification process. However, the user must have knowledge of the area being classified when the groupings of pixels with common characteristics produced by the computer have to be related to actual features on the ground (such as waterbodies, developed areas, forests, etc.).
Supervised classification is based on the idea that a user can select sample pixels in an image that are representative of specific classes and then direct the image processing software to use these training sites as references for the classification of all other pixels in the image. Input classes are selected based on the knowledge of the user. The user also sets the bounds for how similar other pixels must be to group them together. These bounds are often set based on the spectral characteristics of the input classes (AOI), plus or minus a certain increment (often based on “brightness” or strength of reflection in specific spectral bands). The user also designates the number of classes that the image is classified into.
THIS PRESENTATION IS TO HELP YOU PERFORM THE TASK STEP BY STEP.
This document discusses different types of remote sensing systems used in civil engineering, including optical, photogrammetric, thermal, multispectral, hyperspectral, and panchromatic systems. It provides examples and specifications of various sensors, such as MODIS, AVIRIS, IKONOS, and WorldView. The document also covers digital image formats, photogrammetry, image distortions and displacements, reference ellipsoids, relief displacement, and methods of measuring heights from aerial photographs.
The SPOT satellite system includes several satellites (SPOT 1-5) operated by France and Belgium to observe and monitor Earth. Key specifications of the SPOT satellites include their launch dates between 1986-2002 using Ariane rockets, orbital parameters, onboard instruments including high-resolution visible and infrared cameras, recording and transmission capabilities, and inclusion of vegetation monitoring instruments on some satellites. The SPOT satellites provide high-resolution optical imagery of Earth to study resources, climate, human activities and natural phenomena.
Hyperspectral remote sensing for oil explorationJayanth Joshua
Hyperspectral remote sensing uses sensors that collect data across a wide range of electromagnetic wavelengths, with more than 100 contiguous bands that provide detailed spectral signatures. This allows identification of subtle mineral and material differences that can indicate oil and gas deposits. Seeps at the surface cause alterations detectable by hyperspectral analysis, like calcite, pyrite and clay changes. A Hydrocarbon Index highlights absorption peaks related to hydrocarbons. Classification algorithms like Spectral Angle Mapper can map hydrocarbon-bearing zones by comparing spectra to known samples. Soil tonal anomalies from bleaching or iron/clay changes also indicate subsurface structures and seepage areas for exploration.
Presentation on applications of AI in the geospatial domain at the Fourth Edition of AI in Practice (6th November 2019, Startup Village, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
Erik Van Der Zee, Enterprise Architect, Geodan
This document provides an overview of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses that remote sensing involves gathering information about objects from a distance using sensors, including passive techniques like photography and active techniques like radar. It also outlines key remote sensing concepts and different sensor types. The document then defines GIS as a system for inputting, storing, analyzing and outputting geospatial data to support decision-making. It lists some common GIS functions and applications.
This document discusses remote sensing systems. It begins with an introduction to remote sensing as gathering information from objects without direct contact. It then covers the history of remote sensing from early aerial photography to modern satellite systems. The document outlines different types of remote sensing including passive methods like photography and radiometers and active methods like RADAR and LiDAR. It provides examples of remote sensing applications and techniques. Finally, it describes different optical, RADAR, and LiDAR remote sensing systems and how they work.
The document discusses orthorectification and triangulation. It defines orthorectification as the process of removing geometric errors from aerial photographs to produce orthophotos that have consistent scale and orthographic projection like a map but also have photographic detail. Triangulation is defined as determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from other known points, rather than direct measurements. It can be used to orient aerial photographs and produce 3D point measurements. The document provides details on producing orthophotos using DEM data and forward or backward projection methods. It also gives an example of using triangulation to align a block of aerial images.
- The document discusses using hyperspectral remote sensing for mineral mapping. It provides background on how minerals have unique spectral signatures and defines hyperspectral imagery as image cubes with spatial and spectral data.
- Two case studies are summarized that demonstrate using techniques like atmospheric correction, MNF transformation, and spectral analysis tools like SAM and MTMF on Hyperion satellite imagery to map minerals in areas of India and Pakistan. Key minerals identified include grossularite, calcite, pyrite, andradite, and dolomite.
- The methodology involves preprocessing the hyperspectral cube, identifying endmembers, and then classifying and mapping minerals present based on their spectral properties and signatures in the imagery.
The document provides an overview of remote sensing concepts through three lectures presented by Dr. Safaa Mohamed Hasan. The lectures cover definitions of remote sensing, sensor types, image characteristics, and resolutions including spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal resolutions. Geometric distortions and corrections through registration and resampling techniques are also discussed.
Taking a Geographic Approach to Machine Learning - Esri Ireland 'Do One Thing...Esri Ireland
Discover how you can take a geographic approach to machine learning to help you "See What Others Can't".
Imagery and remotely sensed data is a valuable resource for many organisations who have made substantial investment obtaining the data. The field of machine learning is both broad and deep and is constantly evolving. Using ArcGIS and machine learning allows organisations to derive valuable new content. ArcGIS is an open, interoperable platform that allows for the integration of complementary methods and techniques that empower ArcGIS users to solve complex, real-world problems in a fundamentally spatial way.
These slides were used as part of episode 6 of the Esri Ireland 'Do One Thing Well' Webinar Series. You can watch the webinar recording here: https://youtu.be/zAzNqw4KZRk
For any questions relating to the contents of this webinar or other GIS related inquiries, you can contact our team via mapsmakesense@esri-ireland.ie.
The document provides an overview of thermal remote sensing. It discusses key concepts like the thermal infrared spectrum, atmospheric windows and absorption bands, fundamental radiation laws, thermal data acquisition using sensors, and applications in mapping forest fires, urban heat islands, volcanoes, and military purposes. Thermal remote sensing allows measuring the true temperature of objects and detecting features not visible in optical remote sensing. It has advantages like temperature measurement but maintaining sensors at low temperatures can be challenging.
Thermal infrared remote sensing involves observing electromagnetic radiation emitted from objects in the thermal infrared wavelength range of 3-14 micrometers. In this range, sensors can detect the thermal radiative properties of ground materials. Thermal infrared imagery captures relative differences in surface temperature or radiance. Interpreting thermal images requires understanding factors like the time of day the image was taken, whether it is a positive or negative image, and how emissivity and other surface characteristics impact observed radiation and temperature values.
Remote sensing involves observing the Earth from a distance using aerial photographs or satellite imagery. Aerial photographs provide detailed views from low altitudes but limited coverage, while satellite images offer global coverage but less detail. Remote sensing data can be used to map features, monitor changes over time, and classify land cover by analyzing spectral signatures from multi-spectral imagery. Digital tools allow remote sensing data to be manipulated for 3D modeling and analysis in geographic information systems.
Lidar, or light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances. It was originally developed in the 1960s and has various applications including agriculture, autonomous vehicles, geology, atmospheric science, mining, space exploration, surveying, and planetary science. For example, lidar allowed NASA to create highly accurate topographic maps of Mars through the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter mission.
This document discusses satellite remote sensing. It provides details on different types of remote sensing satellites including Landsat, MODIS, SPOT, IRS series, and IKONOS. It also describes various sensors used in remote sensing such as MSS, TM, HRV, LISS, PAN, and WiFS. The document discusses the basic principles, components, and applications of remote sensing from satellites for land resources survey, environmental monitoring, and other purposes.
This document outlines the methodology for an aerial survey project, including identifying the area of interest, obtaining necessary flight permissions, setting up ground control stations, conducting the aerial survey, processing the aerial data to create orthophotos and maps, and delivering the final digital data and reports. Key steps involve planning the flight path, capturing high-resolution aerial images, using GPS and camera data to orient the images, mosaicking orthophotos, extracting mapped features, and providing deliverables such as imagery, terrain models, and maps.
This document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of remote sensing. It defines remote sensing as acquiring information about the Earth's surface without direct contact, using sensors to detect reflected or emitted energy. It describes the basic components of the remote sensing process, including an energy source, interactions with the atmosphere and target, sensor recording, data transmission and processing, analysis and interpretation, and application of results. It discusses electromagnetic radiation, the electromagnetic spectrum, and how different wavelengths interact with and are affected by the atmosphere through scattering and absorption mechanisms before reaching the target. The key atmospheric windows used for remote sensing correspond to the visible, infrared and microwave portions of the spectrum.
CEMIS is a joint research center focused on measurement and information systems. It develops online sensor technologies for monitoring various parameters in demanding conditions. Some key sensors discussed include ones for monitoring toxic metals in water, which can detect parameters like copper, lead and zinc at levels of parts per billion. CEMIS is working to commercialize an automated online water quality analyzer by the end of 2015. The presentation envisions future sensor networks being wireless, self-powered, and able to robustly monitor water quality in real-time through multi-sensing capabilities.
ARVI Kiertotalous iiketoimintana: systeemisyyden haasteet ja mahdollisuudet, ...CLIC Innovation Ltd
The document discusses circular economy and waste management as business opportunities in a systemic context. It notes that waste is a valuable resource and the shift to circular economy is happening globally but at varying paces depending on location. Understanding complex systems is important as waste businesses operate within business ecosystems comprising various actors and mechanisms of influence. Case studies from Finland/Europe, Brazil, China and the US show differences in value creation and capture depending on the local context. Both drivers and barriers originate from cultural, political, technological and business ecosystem systems. A range of business opportunities are identified along the waste value chain. Adapting business models to changing value propositions, value creation processes and value capture methods will be important for companies to succeed in waste management and
BEST: Business opportunities and challenges in new markets. Karthikeyan Natar...CLIC Innovation Ltd
This document discusses business opportunities and challenges in new markets, focusing on biomass markets in Poland and India. It provides the following information:
1. It describes a Triple Helix consortium between universities, industries, and public actors in Poland and India to study biomass markets and policy in each country.
2. It summarizes the research methods used in Poland and India, including policy reviews, field surveys, and modeling of sustainability, costs, and technologies.
3. It outlines the status of the biomass market in Poland, which is dominated by policy actions like green certificates, and discusses challenges like an oversupply of unused green certificates.
4. It lists details of a 10 MWe biom
Why do we need new and improved on-line monitoring and data analyses in waste...CLIC Innovation Ltd
This document discusses the challenges of wastewater treatment and the need for improved online monitoring and data analysis. It provides examples of how real-time measurement and analysis could help optimize processes like influent treatment, activated sludge treatment, sludge drying, and overall process control. Reliable measurement of variables like solids content under varying conditions is important for efficient resource use. Advanced data processing may help operators better interpret measurements and control the plant in changing conditions. The goal is to meet stricter environmental requirements through more automated, knowledge-driven wastewater treatment.
BEST: (How) Can centralised waste and sanitation infrastructure be replaced w...CLIC Innovation Ltd
BEST: (How) Can centralised waste and sanitation infrastructure be replaced with local biogas treatment and nutrient recycling? Case Tampere. Maarit Särkilahti
Fouling and contamination of sensors was studied in waste water applications. Tests were conducted at two waste water treatment plants to analyze fouling on different sensor surfaces and evaluate mitigation techniques. Ultrasound did not effectively reduce fouling and may have worsened it. Certain coatings and ultraviolet light showed promise in mitigating fouling on optical sensors. Further testing of photocatalytic coatings combined with UV light could provide an effective non-fouling solution for optical sensors in waste water applications.
EFEU / FLEXe Nurmoranta Maria advanced control as a key to flexibility capab...CLIC Innovation Ltd
Advanced control systems are key to increasing the flexibility of combustion-based energy production plants. Such controls allow plants to better adapt to changing market conditions and support a stable energy system. Research has shown that model predictive controls can improve a boiler's ability to follow loads by controlling fuel feed, air flows, and other parameters. Coordinating boiler controls with turbine controls via an advanced system allows for faster load changes while meeting constraints. This enables plants to provide balancing services to the electric grid through changes in power production, though the impacts on district heating networks must be considered. Advanced controls are crucial to maximizing the economic and operational benefits of flexibility in combustion plants in the future energy system.
This document discusses enabling flexible energy grids. It begins by outlining expectations for reliable, cost-effective and smart energy grids. It then discusses three key aspects of achieving flexibility: power and heat infrastructure, ICT infrastructure, and applications and algorithms. For each of three cases - power balance and flexibility, reliable connection, and energy independence - it describes the conventional approach and a future flexible solution involving cooperation across different layers. The document lists potential results and deliverables from work on enabling grids.
AquaMiner - Monitoring and modeling platform for water treatment applicationsCLIC Innovation Ltd
The document describes AQuaMiner, a monitoring and modeling platform developed by the Process Informatics research group at the University of Eastern Finland for water treatment applications. AQuaMiner integrates different data sources, such as process measurements, advanced measurements like flock image data, and laboratory data, into a single monitoring system. It also provides warnings and alarms. The platform enables more efficient use of measurements for monitoring wastewater quality online and supports decision making through predictive models and analytics of process history. AQuaMiner has been implemented at water treatment plants of various industries.
EFEU / FLEXe Holttinen Hannele systemic view to the energy transition CLIC Innovation Ltd
This document discusses the increasing need for flexibility in power systems due to higher levels of variable renewable energy (VRE) like wind and solar power. As the share of VRE increases:
1) Power systems will experience more variability and uncertainty that will require flexible generation sources able to adjust output quickly.
2) New market designs may be needed to separately value flexibility resources able to balance supply and demand at varying output levels.
3) Analyses show flexibility from diverse sources like thermal plants, hydro, demand response and sector coupling between power and heat have increasing economic value for balancing high-VRE power systems in a cost-effective way.
ARVI Kilpailukykyä ja vientiä kiertotaloudesta, Hannu Lepomäki, Eera Waste Re...CLIC Innovation Ltd
1) Eera Waste Refining (EWR) is a Finnish company that develops waste management investment projects globally and co-invests in them with local partners to create new circular economy business opportunities.
2) EWR focuses on projects involving biomasses, waste-to-energy, and using solid recovered fuel in industries like cement production.
3) EWR currently has over 10 investment projects under development worth over 1 billion euros, located in countries like Oman, UAE, Colombia and Chile.
EFEU / FLEXe Antila Heli in the future it is more important when you use elec...CLIC Innovation Ltd
In the future, when electricity is used will be more important than how much is used due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. Seasonality in renewable energy production and demand will pose challenges that can be addressed through solutions like increased hydro power, combined heat and power systems, battery storage, demand flexibility, and Nordic cooperation. Managing seasonality well will determine how competitive the Nordic energy market remains.
ARVI Getting most out of the thermal drying of sewage sludge, DeviatkinCLIC Innovation Ltd
Getting most out of the thermal drying of sewage sludge to stay within planetary boundaries for the nitrogen cycle. The document summarizes a study on nitrogen release and recovery potential during thermal drying of sewage sludge. It finds that 50-65% of soluble nitrogen is released as ammonia during drying. This released nitrogen could be recovered through adsorption or absorption methods. Retrofitting drying and recovery systems at sewage treatment plants offers opportunities for nutrient recycling to produce nitrogen fertilizer and stay within planetary nitrogen boundaries. Further research is needed on technical feasibility, economic analysis, and environmental impacts of nitrogen recovery from sludge drying.
ARVI The effect of product design on WEEE recycling - case mobile phones, Bac...CLIC Innovation Ltd
This document summarizes a presentation about the effect of product design on recycling mobile phones. It discusses that WEEE contains valuable and hazardous materials and its composition is complex and changing over time. The presentation examines how the design of regular versus sophisticated phones impacts liberation of printed circuit assemblies and dust generation during size reduction for recycling. Simpler, more modular designs with fewer connections between larger components liberate more circuit assemblies while generating less toxic dust. The presentation concludes with the insight that design features like modularity, connectivity, and component size can significantly influence recycling and material recovery outcomes.
BEST: Bioenergy resources (CHP) providing energy system flexibility. Juha Haa...CLIC Innovation Ltd
This document discusses the role of combined heat and power (CHP) plants in providing flexibility to energy systems with increasing renewable production. It notes that renewable energy sources like solar power are becoming cheaper but also more intermittent, creating challenges around reliability. CHP plants could help address this by participating in electricity reserve markets that compensate plants for being available to increase or decrease production on short notice. The document presents a case study that simulated an actual CHP plant's revenues from 2015-2016 and found it would have earned 15-20% higher annual profits by participating in these reserve markets. This suggests CHP plants are well-positioned to play a role in ensuring energy system reliability in the future.
ARVI Thermal separation of valuable elements at power plant furnace condition...CLIC Innovation Ltd
Thermal separation of elements at power plant conditions was tested. Experiments were conducted using a 20 kW fluidized bed reactor to heat ash fractions to temperatures from 470-650C. Elements like lead, copper, and antimony were enriched in different ash fractions, with enrichment factors up to 12.3 for lead and 6.5 for antimony. Modeling predicted the behavior of lead and copper accurately but not antimony, suggesting other phenomena dominated. The results indicate potential for recovering valuable elements from ash through thermal separation in a hot cyclone.
This document provides an overview of remote sensing through a seminar presented by Ashwathy Babu Paul. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about an object without physical contact through electromagnetic radiation. It describes the basic components and process of remote sensing systems including energy sources, sensor recording, transmission and processing. Various sensors and platforms are discussed along with advantages and applications in fields like agriculture, natural resource management, national security, geology, meteorology, and more. Challenges are addressed but advantages of remote sensing are said to far outweigh these.
Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance (typically from satellite or aircraft).
Special cameras collect remotely sensed images, which help researchers "sense" things about the Earth.
Remote sensing uses electromagnetic radiation to acquire geospatial data without direct contact with objects. It provides a view of large regions, offering geo-referenced digital information even in tough weather. Common remote sensing tools include Landsat, Ikonos, and Quickbird satellites. Satellite imagery provides information on land cover, land use, habitats, and infrastructure through multiple observations over time, allowing for mapping and monitoring of changes. Applications of remote sensing include urban planning, agriculture, natural resource management, land use mapping, and more. Common satellite types used are geostationary satellites directly over the equator and polar-orbiting satellites that orbit near the poles.
The document proposes the GOAL&GO architecture, which would provide global observations from Lagrange point, pole-sitter, and geosynchronous orbits using small, low-cost spacecraft. This revolutionary concept could monitor Earth's response to climate change and meet needs for disaster monitoring and relief through frequent imaging of the entire globe. The system is designed to evolve over 10-20 years using simple, proven technologies on multiple spacecraft to provide flexible, low-cost Earth observations.
The document discusses geospatial technology and geospatial data. Geospatial technology deals with techniques for geospatial data, which is data that includes information about locations on Earth, such as latitude and longitude. Some key techniques discussed are remote sensing using platforms like satellites and aircraft, as well as GIS for storing, manipulating and analyzing geospatial data from sources like GPS and remote sensing.
Wireless Sensor Networks and Drones for Measuring Forest Photosynthetic Bioph...Cassidy Rankine
This document discusses using ground sensor networks and drones together to measure forest photosynthetic biophysics. It provides an overview of wireless sensor networks and how they can be used to monitor forest canopy structure and light absorption. It also discusses how lightweight drones can collect remote sensing data at landscape scales. The document proposes that combining sensor network and drone data allows measuring forest productivity and resilience by relating ecosystem structure observed from drones to photosynthetic function measured by sensor networks. Initial results show sensor network light absorption data can be overlaid on drone imagery to relate ground and aerial remote sensing techniques.
From pixels to point clouds - Using drones,game engines and virtual reality t...ARDC
Drone-based monitoring and 3D modeling of the National Arboretum in Canberra is allowing for detailed phenotyping of tree growth over time. Drones equipped with RGB and multispectral cameras capture aerial images that are processed using software like Pix4D to generate orthomosaic images, digital elevation models, 3D point clouds, and tree metrics like height and area. The data is helping researchers monitor changes in the young research forest over several years. Advanced visualization tools are being developed to better explore the large, complex datasets.
This presentation consist of remote sensing, types of remote sensing and also about the radiometers systems. I have also discussed about the types of radiometers system and how it work. I have also discussed about the principle on which it works. Also I have discussed about the applications .
This document discusses remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). Remote sensing involves collecting data about objects from a distance using electromagnetic energy and sensors. It works through various stages including energy source, interaction with the target, sensor recording, processing, and interpretation. Remote sensing has applications in resource exploration, environmental monitoring, and land use analysis. GIS integrates spatial data using computer hardware, software, and trained personnel. It has advantages like visualization and modeling capabilities, and disadvantages like high costs and data errors. The future of remote sensing and GIS is promising as more industries adopt these technologies.
Presentation from EuroSDR 113th meeting, Cardiff, October 2008. An overview of some of the geospatial research carried out by the different departments, centres and groups at UCL.
1. The document describes the concept for a future generation of intelligent Earth observing satellites that would provide real-time satellite imagery and data to end users.
2. Key elements of the proposed system include a network of low Earth orbit satellites linked to geostationary satellites, with on-board processing and high-speed data transmission to allow direct downlinking of imagery and data to users.
3. The system is designed around user needs, with components like handheld receivers and mobile antennas allowing real-time access to satellite data, as well as user software to process and display the data.
This document summarizes the work of the ATHENA Research Group led by Professor Manos Tentzeris. Some key areas of focus for the group include inkjet-printed RF electronics, nanotechnology-enabled wireless sensors, and flexible 3D wireless modules. The group has developed inkjet-printed antennas, sensors, and power harvesting circuits on paper and flexible substrates for applications in wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things.
1. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is an effective technique for 3D building modeling that uses laser rangefinding to rapidly acquire dense 3D point clouds of object surfaces.
2. The document describes the process of using a Leica C10 TLS to collect over 21 million data points from a building in under 7 minutes and then processing the raw data in Cyclone software to generate a 3D model after noise removal and registration.
3. Validation measurements found the TLS measurements to be accurate to within 1 cm on average compared to physical measurements of objects in the building. The document proposes improvements to future TLS data collection and modeling.
Geographic information system and remote sensingDhiren Patel
This document provides an overview of remote sensing and geographic information systems. It discusses the history of remote sensing from early aerial photography to modern satellite systems. Both passive and active remote sensing techniques are described, along with common applications in fields like forestry, agriculture, and land use analysis. Optical, radar, and lidar remote sensing systems are outlined. The document also introduces concepts in photogrammetry, surveying, and geographic information systems, including data structures and components of GIS.
Geographic information system and remote sensingDhiren Patel
This document provides an overview of remote sensing and geographic information systems. It discusses the history of remote sensing from early aerial photography to modern satellite imagery. Both passive and active remote sensing techniques are described, along with common applications in fields like forestry, agriculture, and land use analysis. Optical, radar, and lidar remote sensing systems are outlined. The document also introduces concepts in photogrammetry, surveying, and geographic information systems, including data structures and components of GIS.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on remote sensing and GIS and their applications. It discusses what remote sensing is, the steps involved which include the source, sensors, and processing units. It describes different types of remote sensing based on the energy source, including passive sensors like Landsat and active sensors like LIDAR and RADAR. It outlines applications of remote sensing in areas like agriculture, natural resource management, and national security. It also provides an introduction to GIS, describing it as a computer-based information system for capturing and displaying spatially referenced data, and listing some of its functions and advantages.
This document provides an overview of remote sensing. It defines remote sensing as acquiring information about the Earth's surface without physical contact using sensors. It discusses various remote sensing platforms, data sources, processes, applications, organizations, and history. The key applications of remote sensing mentioned are land use mapping, agriculture, forestry, water management, and environmental monitoring. Satellite images are provided as examples to illustrate monitoring of deforestation and flood damage assessment.
Using Very High Resolution Satellite Images for Planning Activities in MiningArgongra Gis
Pleiades satellite imagery can be used to generate high-resolution digital elevation models, contour lines, and 3D models for mining sector planning activities. A case study acquired 240 sq km of Pleiades stereo imagery with less than 5% cloud cover to generate a 5m DEM and detailed contour lines and 3D visualizations. The Pleiades data provided more accurate topographic information than existing SRTM data for environmental studies, monitoring mining volume changes, and other planning purposes in the mining sector.
WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) is an increasingly important secondary source of metals as the production of electronics grows rapidly. Urban mining of metals from WEEE could provide a significant portion of global mine production for certain metals. Mobile phones and personal computers contain valuable metals like silver, gold, palladium, and copper. Simulation models have been developed to optimize the sorting and smelting processes for recovering these metals from WEEE. While copper is the main target due to its role in collecting other metals during smelting, losses still occur and further development is needed to improve recovery of valuable metals from e-waste.
ARVI Recyclable materials as raw materials for composites, KärkiCLIC Innovation Ltd
This document discusses using recyclable materials as raw materials for composites. It presents two case studies: 1) using construction and demolition waste plastics to manufacture new composite products, and 2) using industrial waste streams like sewage sludge as raw materials for composites. The first case study developed recycled plastic blends and analyzed their mechanical properties. The second used separated primary sludge and studied the mechanical properties of composites made with the sludge and HDPE. Both studies found the recycled materials can be used successfully in composites with mechanical properties on par with traditional materials. The conclusion is these waste streams have potential applications in composite products.
ARVI Valorisation of Plastic Waste by Colour Removal, HärkkiCLIC Innovation Ltd
This document summarizes research into removing colorants from plastic waste to increase its value for recycling. It discusses how removing colorants can increase the price of recycled plastics by 15-40% by allowing it to be classified as higher quality raw material. The researchers tested dissolving colored polyethylene in solvents like dichlorobenzene to separate the plastic polymer from color pigments like titanium dioxide. This reduced the pigment content by 15% but left modest color removal. Further work is needed to fully optimize separation and recovery of decolored polymer while minimizing residual solvent issues.
ARVI Material flow analysis of plastic for Finland, SahimaaCLIC Innovation Ltd
The document summarizes a study that established Finland's national plastics budget for 2013 using material flow analysis. It investigated and quantified all plastic flows in and out of Finland that year. The study defined the plastic system boundaries, which included chemical industry, manufacturing, consumption, waste management, recycling, incineration, landfilling, and trade of primary and finished plastic products. It also characterized uncertainties in the data given limitations and multiple data sources of varying quality. The Finnish national plastic budget for 2013 is then presented, with contact information provided for further details.
BEST: Implications of the upcoming EU energy policy package for the Bioenergy...CLIC Innovation Ltd
The document summarizes a presentation on the implications of the upcoming EU energy policy package for the bioenergy sector. It is noted that the EU proposal for biomass in the new Renewable Energy Directive, not yet public, would likely require sustainability criteria for biomass used for heat, power, and transport. A leaked draft of the directive suggests biomass would need to meet sustainability and greenhouse gas emission savings criteria. It is indicated that the implications for Finland's bioenergy sector could include added administrative burden for suppliers but no ineligibility of domestically produced biomass, and potential increased demand for combined heat and power plants.
BEST: Miten rakennetaan kestävää bioenergialiiketoimintaa? Risto SoukkaCLIC Innovation Ltd
This document contains links to 10 photos shared on Flickr under various Creative Commons licenses, allowing for non-commercial use and sharing with attribution in some cases. The photos cover a range of subjects from landscapes to people and were uploaded by different photographers.
BEST: Dynamic simulation tools for evaluation of biomass supply systems. Olli...CLIC Innovation Ltd
This document summarizes a seminar on using dynamic simulation tools to model biomass supply systems. Biomass procurement involves an ecological environment with seasonality, randomness, and unpredictability. Simulation tools can evaluate existing and new biomass logistics systems over time to account for these factors. The presentation describes using simulation to model a feed-in terminal over one year and a case study in Poland. Other applications include modeling imported biomass deliveries and information management. Simulation allows analyzing logistics solutions while accounting for temporal aspects like seasonality in a cost-effective way compared to real-world testing. Future work may include assessing sustainability metrics during simulations.
- Models have been developed to estimate the drying and moisture content of fuel wood piles stored outdoors based on average moisture change over time.
- Validation showed the models can estimate moisture content with an accuracy of ±5%, meeting requirements for enterprise resource planning. Some companies are already using the models.
- An alternative "fast track" operational model is proposed where some biomass is taken directly from forests to CHP plants without drying and storing, focused on summer harvests when drying conditions are best and plant demand is lower. Analysis showed this can reduce costs by 10-20% compared to traditional supply models with roadside storage.
CITYZER FACTSHEET - SERVIÇOS PARA FORTALECER O PROCESSO DECISÓRIO EM RESILIÊN...CLIC Innovation Ltd
O projeto CITYZER tem como objetivo desenvolver novos serviços e produtos digitais para apoiar a tomada de decisão relacionada ao clima e qualidade do ar em Helsinque, testando alertas de tempo e previsões de 0-24h. Os principais resultados serão serviços e produtos com potencial de exportação.
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.comNarendra Jayas
Latest OSHA 10 Test Question and Answers PDF for Construction and General Industry Exam.
Download the full set of 390 MCQ type question and answers - https://www.oyetrade.com/OSHA-10-Answers-2021.php
To Help OSHA 10 trainees to pass their pre-test and post-test we have prepared set of 390 question and answers called OSHA 10 Answers in downloadable PDF format. The OSHA 10 Answers question bank is prepared by our in-house highly experienced safety professionals and trainers. The OSHA 10 Answers document consists of 390 MCQ type question and answers updated for year 2024 exams.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Earth Day How has technology changed our life?
Thinkers/Inquiry • How has our ability to think and inquire helped to advance technology?
Vocabulary • Nature Deficit Disorder~ A condition that some people maintain is a spreading affliction especially affecting youth but also their adult counterparts, characterized by an excessive lack of familiarity with the outdoors and the natural world. • Precautionary Principle~ The approach whereby any possible risk associated with the introduction of a new technology is largely avoided, until a full understanding of its impact on health, environment and other areas is available.
What is technology? • Brainstorm a list of technology that you use everyday that your parents or grandparents did not have. • Compare your list with a partner.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
1. 3D Remote Sensing of Mines
Eija Honkavaara, Anttoni Jaakkola, Roope Näsi, Tomi Rosnell, FGI
Jussi Kirjasniemi, Pentti Ruokokoski, Lentokuva Vallas Oy
Timo Brander, Aalto yliopisto
2. 3D Modeling and
Virtual Worlds
*Lingli Zhu
Remote Sensing
Electronics
*Yuwei Chen
Mobile Mapping &
Laser Scanning
*Anttoni Jaakkola
Spectrophotogrammetry
*Eija Honkavaara
Finnish Geospatial Research Institute,
Department of Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry
Research Groups
Head of department,
Prof. Juha Hyyppä
3. What is 3D Remote sensing?
• Remote data capture, without touching the object
• 3D Shape:
• Terrain model (DTM),
• Surface model (DSM),
• Canopy height model (CHM)
• Internal structure
• Spectrum
• Classification of materials,
identification of anomalies etc.
• Passive and active sensors
DTM
DSM
CHM=
DTM-DSM
6. Central objectives of utilization
of 3D remote sensing in mining
• Improving the productivity
• Mapping the quality and amount of ore
• Measuring the bulk material volume, the open pit volume
• Risk management in mine operation: Landslides, Traffic, Blasting
• Monitoring of environmental impacts
• Water management: Monitoring the enrichment pool, mine water
runoff forecasting, forecasting disturbances
• Monitoring the nature and biodiversity, the growth and healthy of
trees
• Caves: Indoor mapping…
• Improving the level of automation, Autonomous mine
• Data capture -> Data processig -> Model generation -> Analysis
8. Radar and Optical Satellites
8
• Global monitoring of the mine and the
environment
• Optical multi- and hyperspectral,
stereoscopic
• VHRS: Spatial resolution 0.3-1 m
• HRS: Spatial resolution 5-20 m
• Sentinel 2, Landsat, free,
resolution 10-20 m
• SAR
• Detecting millimeter changes
using SAR interferometry time
series
• Not weather dependent
• Sentinel 1, 12 days, free, 10-20 m
resolution
• Cosmo Sky med, 10 km x 10 km,
best resolution 1 m
• TerraSarX , best resolution 1 m
9. Aerial Photogrammetry and imaging
9
• Operational since beginning
of 1900
• Basis of maps
• Stereoimages and
orthophotos
• 3D point clouds
• 1 to 1000 points /m
• Accuracy 1 cm -
• Low to high altitude imaging
• Also hyperspectral imaging
• Manned airborne vehicle
(MAV)
10. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS)
31.1.12
• 3D point clouds 0.5 to 100
points /m2;
• As an example the National
Laser Scanning model with
point density of 0.5 points/m2
• Terrain and canopy models
• Accuracy 1 cm - on well
defined, hard surfaces
• Day and night, Highly water
resistant, Not in rain or smog
• Wider area measurements
• In future also Multi spectral
laser scanning
11. UAV Photogrammetry
and imaging
• Low cost technology
• Accurate 3D point clouds,
color images, Repetitive
measurements <daily
resolution
• Also hyperspectral and
thermal
• Rapidly developing
technology
12. UAV Laser Scanning
31.1.12
• New and rapidly
developing
technology
• Very high density 3D
point cloud data,
e.g. 1000 points/m2
• Repetitive
measurements
<daily resolution
• Rapidly developing
tehcnology
13. Terrestrial & Personal Laser
Scanning
13
• Static and mobile
• Very high density 3D point cloud
data
• Rapidly developing technology
• Repetitive measurements
14. Success stories of MMEA UAV
Work Packet
Cost efficient 3D modelling and
watershed management of
mining environment.
• Co-operation: Mining pilot
Identifying Insect invasions
in forests using
hyperspectral UAV and MAV
A new method for detecting thermal
leaks of buildings
• Co-operation: Energy efficient
indoor environments
15. 1. Case study by Lentokuva Vallas Oy
Monitoring and Risk Management in Mining Industry using
REMOTE SENSING
Image capture – about 1000 images - 10 cm/pixel
Cessna, Nikon D3X, GPS
By Pentti Ruokokoski, Lentokuva Vallas Oy
16. Monitoring and Risk Management in Mining Industry using
REMOTE SENSING
IMAGE MOSAICS - 10cm/pixel
By Pentti Ruokokoski, Lentokuva Vallas Oy
19. 2. Monitoring of bark beetle infestation in
forest using hyperspectral UAV imaging
• Serious forest death in spruce forests due to bark
beetle in Southern Finland
• Objective: Early detection of infestion using
hyperspectral images from manned and unmanned
aircrafts
• Feasibility of the novel Fabry-Pérot interferometer
based hyperspectral imager
• Co-operation: University of Helsinki, Lentokuva
Vallas, MMEA-program
19
20. 20
Field reflectance
reference
Data capture
Image pre-
processing
Image
orientation
DSM
generation
Radiometric
block
adjustment
Individual tree
detection
Spectral
characteristics
of trees
Classification
Mosaic
generation
Forest
reference
plots
ALS DTM
Processing flow UAV
Näsi, R. et al. Using UAV-Based Photogrammetry and Hyperspectral Imaging
for Mapping Bark Beetle Damage at Tree-Level. Remote Sens. 2015, 7,
15467-15493.
21. 3. Using UAVs for detecting thermal
leaks of buildings
• Thermal camera Flir Photon 320
• 324x256 pix, GSD 20 cm
• Weigh < 1 kg
• RGB camera
• Two flights 4.5.2013, takeoff 5:13
and 21:42 local time
• Four flight lines, altitude 70 m,
Also building facades
• Speed 4 m/s
• Co-operation with Energy efficient
indoor environments
3D model of VTT test
building in Otaniemi
Jaakkola, A., Kauppinen, T., 2014. Lämpökuvauksella
tietoa rakennusten kunnosta. Positio 3/2014.
23. Conclusion
• New data capture technology provides new possibilities for
improving productivity, safety and environmental monitoring of
mines
• Affordable and repeatable monitoring
• Future monitoring integrates satellites, MAVs, UAVs and terrestrial
technologies
• Also indoor 3D mapping
• Towards better monitoring of mining environments, autonomous
mine
• Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry focuses
future remote sensing measurement and analysis technologies.
• Suitable also for monitoring of open pit mines and underground
mines, as well as assessment of environmental impacts
Department includes all levels of Remote sensing. From electronc instruments to data collection to 3d modeling
Volume, mass changes
Spectrum which is data about reflection of objects
Overview of Platforms
Environmental monitoring
This chart show potential for application potentials
Orbits are what they are; we can not change it
And other extrimity is terrsestrial measurements
Platforms
Kaivostoiminnassa keskeiset kaukokartoitusteknologiaan liittyvä kehitystarpeet liittyvät kaivoksen
Tuottavuuden parantaminen: malmin laatu, malmin määrä, irtomateriaalitilavuudet, avolouhostilavuudet, automaatioasteen parantaminen
Riskien minimointiin: turvallisuus, sortumavaarat, liikenne, räjäytykset
Ympäristövaikutusten seurantaan: rikastusaltaan seuranta, kaivosvesien valumien ennakointi, häiriöiden ennakointi, luonnon ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden seuranta, puiden ja pensaiden kasvun seuranta
Missä kauha liikkuu, mitä sinne menee, mihin kaadetaan, mistä otetaan
Where are excavators? Ore? Where it should be
Lot of sensors which are integrated each other. 3d-cameras, scanners, gps..
Next remote sensor techonoligies
5-10 mm/1
Savi –clay
Cosmo Sky med, 5000 €,
Images and 3D point clouds 1 to 1000 points /m2; Accuracy 1 cm to 20 cm well defined, Day time, uses sun light. Pentti tells more
3D point clouds 0.5 to 100 points /m2; Accuracy 1 cm to 20 cm well defined, hard surfaces
Day and night, Highly water resistant, Not in rain or smog
Rikola produce and cell the new camera
Specim 1990-
World first mini-uav laser scanni9ng was development in fgi
Quad bike -mönkijä
2013-2015 mukana UAV-paketissa. Vesistöt, lämpökuvaus, kaivos, metsätuhot