This document contains a presentation on different families of trematodes including Echinostomatidae, Notocotylidae, and Troglotrematidae. It includes information on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, pathogenesis and pathology, diagnosis, and prevention/control of the specific trematode parasites Echinostoma revolutum, Catatropis verrucosa, and Paragonimus westermanii. The presentation was submitted to Prof. Dr. Kazi Mehetazul Islam by 4 students for their class.

1. WELCOME
TO OUR PRESENTATION

2. Submitted to our honourable teacher
Prof. Dr. Kazi Mehetazul Islam Sir
Student Name ID
Sajid Rahman 1801037
Tazrin Islam 1801038
Biplob Deb Nath 1801039
Sajjad Hossain 1801040
Submitted by:

3. FAMILIES OF TREMATODE
❑ Echinostomatidae
❑ Notocotylidae
❑ Troglotromatidae

4. Echinostomatidae
TAXONOMY
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematodes
Subclass: Digenea
Order: Echinostomatiformes
Family: Echinostomatidae
Genus: Echinostoma
Species: E. revolutum
Echinostoma revolutum

5. Morphology
⮚ Elongated distome with head color
⮚ Head crown with single or double row of spines
⮚ Cuticle spiny
⮚ Testis large, round and diagonal in position
⮚ Ovary pretesticular
⮚ Caeca reaching to posterior extremity
⮚ Excretory vesicle Y shaped
⮚ Echinostome type cercaria

6. Life Cycle of Echinostoma revolutum

7. Pathogenesis and pathology:
Intestinal trematodes are fairly harmless
but may cause enteritis when occur in
large number. Spiny head collors, cuticle
may give irritation causing enteritis by
echinostoma trematode. In heavy
infestation marked enteritis with swelling
of the mucosa and content of the bowl
may appear.

8. Diagnosis:
1.Clinical history
2.Clinical sign:
a. Progressive emaciation
b.Weakness
c.Anemia
3.Laboratory diagnosis:
Characteristics of egg:
a. Large oval egg
b.Thin shelled
c.Greenish color egg
d. Posterior knob present
4.Serological test:
a.ELISA
b.PCR
5.Post mortem changes: Adult parasite identification

9. Prevention and control:
1.Control of I/H
2.Animal should be grazed on higher land .

10. Notocotylidae
TAXONOMY
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum : Platyhelminthes
Class : Trematoda
Order : Plagiorchiida
Family : Notocotylidae
Genus : Catatropis
Speces : Catatropis verrucosa
Catatropis verrucosa

11. MORPHOLOGY
1. Small,Elongated and oval monostome
2. Cuticle being spined ventrally
3. Ventral sucker absent
4. Oral sucker small
5. Pharynx absent
6. Esophagus short
7. Simple cecae extend posterior extremity of the body.
8. Genital pore opens at the bifurcation of the cecae.
9. Cirrus sac well developed and strong.
10.Testes lobulated or ovalin shape,verticle in position and located posterior
extremity of the body extracaecal.
11. Ovary is oval in shape and situated in between the testes.
12.Vitellaria are follicular ,lateralto he cecae.

12. Adult fluke lay eggs in the large intestine of final host
↓
Egg pass out to the environment through faeces
↓
Under suitable environment miracidium develops and hatch out
↓
Miracidium entered into first I/H(Snail)
↓
Within the I/H miracidium develops into sporocyst, redia and cercaria
↓
Cercaria escapes out from first I/H and enter into second I/H
↓
Metacercaria develops into second I/H
↓
Final host get infected by ingestion of metacercaria containing snail
↓
Metacercaria migrate to rectum, caecum within the final host
↓
At sexual maturity again lay eggs
Life cycle of Catatropis verrucosa

13. Pathogenesis and pathology:
Intestinal trematodes are fairly harmless but
may cause enteritis when occur in large
number. In heavy infestation marked
enteritis with swelling of the mucosa and
content of the bowl may appear.

14. Diagnosis:
1.Clinical history
2.Clinical sign:
Progressive emaciation
Weakness
Anemia
Diarrhoea
3.Laboratory diagnosis:
Characteristics of egg:
Egg with polar filaments at each pole
4.Serological test:
a.ELISA
b.PCR
5.Post mortem changes: Adult parasite identification

15. Prevention and control:
1.Control of I/H
2.Animal should be grazed on higher land .

16. Troglotrematidae
TAXONOMY
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematodes
Subclass: Digenea
Order: Plagiorchiida
Family: Troglotomatidae
Genus: Paragonimus
Species: Paragonimus westermanii
Paragonimus westermanii

17. MORPHOLOGY
1. Ovoid shape thick fleshy body
2. Suckers well develop
3. Short esophagus and pharynx
4. Cirrus sac absent
5. Genital pore opens behind the ventral
sucker
6. Vitellaria follicular and well develop
7. Excretory vesicle V or Y shaped
8. Testis branching and verticle in position
9. Ovary pretesticular

18. Life cycle of Paragonimus westermanii

19. Pathogenesis and pathology:
1. Hemorrhagic enteritis
2. Inflammation in diaphragm
3. Catarrhal pneumonitis & bronchitis
4. Metaplasia
5. Malignant tumor

20. Diagnosis:
1.Clinical history
2.Clinical sign:
Moist cough
Broncho-pneumonia
Haemoptyes
Hemorrhage diarrhea
3.Laboratory diagnosis:
Nasal discharge
Faeces examination
Characteristics of egg:
Golden-brown
Thin-shelled
4.Serological test:
ELISA
PCR
5.Post mortem changes: Adult parasite identification

21. Prevention and control:
1.Control of I/H
2.Animal should be grazed on higher land .

22. THANKS A LOT FOR YOUR
PATIENCE