This document provides information about hydropower, including its components and types of hydropower plants. It discusses that hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water and is a renewable resource. The key components of a hydropower plant are described as the catchment area, dam, intake, penstocks, powerhouse, and tailrace. Types of hydropower plants include run-of-river, storage, pumped storage, and multi-purpose plants. The document also provides details about specific hydropower plants operated by CBK Power Company Limited in the Philippines.
This document provides information about hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the basic components and principles of hydroelectric dams, including reservoirs, dams, penstocks, turbines, generators, and transformers. It also describes different types of hydroelectric plants based on factors like head, capacity, and location. Several major hydroelectric plants in India are discussed as examples, including Sardar Sarovar and Ukai. International examples of different types of dam structures are also summarized.
A detail discussion on hydro power plant.
It include
Introduction of Hydro Power plant
Elements require for Hydro Power plant
Working Principle
Layout of hydro power plant
Advantages of hydro power plant
Disadvantages of hydro power plant
Thanks
and please share your experience by reading this
This document discusses different types of storage tanks used in refineries and chemical plants. It describes atmospheric storage tanks, which operate at approximately atmospheric pressure, including fixed-roof tanks, floating-roof tanks, and fixed-roof tanks with an internal floating roof. Low-temperature and low-pressure storage tanks are also discussed. Standards for storage tank design include API-650 for atmospheric tanks and API-620 for low-pressure tanks. Floating roof tanks are described as minimizing vapor losses by maintaining a small vapor space or eliminating it completely.
Hydroelectric Power Plant (and Pumped Storage Power Plant)Ryan Triadhitama
I would like to share some materials as a basic information about hydroelectric power plant and pumped storage power plant. I might not be able to provide all the detail information on the slides, but feel free to contact me if you have any questions.
The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It provides an overview of the key components and working of hydroelectric power plants including the reservoir, dam, turbines, generators and more. It also discusses the history and development of hydroelectric power. Hydroelectric power is a renewable energy source that harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity and is an important source of renewable energy worldwide.
This ppt explained the basic concept of Tidal energy , Components of Tidal barrage powerplant, Modes of generation of Tidal power, Tidal stream generator, single and double bassin arrangement, Horizontal & vertical axis Tidal turbine Helical Turbine, Dynamic Tidal powerplant, Environmental impacts and Site selection for tidal powerplant. Also describes the advantages and disadvantages of Tidal powerplant.
The document provides an overview of tidal energy, including:
- Tidal energy harnesses the gravitational pull of the moon and sun to generate waves that can be captured by tidal turbines or barrages.
- While tidal power has been used since the 9th century, the first large tidal power plant was built in France in 1967 and generates 240 MW.
- Tidal energy has advantages like being predictable and having high energy density, but also challenges like high costs and potential environmental impacts.
- The document discusses different tidal energy technologies and their applications, environmental effects, and regulatory considerations.
This document provides information about hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the basic components and principles of hydroelectric dams, including reservoirs, dams, penstocks, turbines, generators, and transformers. It also describes different types of hydroelectric plants based on factors like head, capacity, and location. Several major hydroelectric plants in India are discussed as examples, including Sardar Sarovar and Ukai. International examples of different types of dam structures are also summarized.
A detail discussion on hydro power plant.
It include
Introduction of Hydro Power plant
Elements require for Hydro Power plant
Working Principle
Layout of hydro power plant
Advantages of hydro power plant
Disadvantages of hydro power plant
Thanks
and please share your experience by reading this
This document discusses different types of storage tanks used in refineries and chemical plants. It describes atmospheric storage tanks, which operate at approximately atmospheric pressure, including fixed-roof tanks, floating-roof tanks, and fixed-roof tanks with an internal floating roof. Low-temperature and low-pressure storage tanks are also discussed. Standards for storage tank design include API-650 for atmospheric tanks and API-620 for low-pressure tanks. Floating roof tanks are described as minimizing vapor losses by maintaining a small vapor space or eliminating it completely.
Hydroelectric Power Plant (and Pumped Storage Power Plant)Ryan Triadhitama
I would like to share some materials as a basic information about hydroelectric power plant and pumped storage power plant. I might not be able to provide all the detail information on the slides, but feel free to contact me if you have any questions.
The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It provides an overview of the key components and working of hydroelectric power plants including the reservoir, dam, turbines, generators and more. It also discusses the history and development of hydroelectric power. Hydroelectric power is a renewable energy source that harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity and is an important source of renewable energy worldwide.
This ppt explained the basic concept of Tidal energy , Components of Tidal barrage powerplant, Modes of generation of Tidal power, Tidal stream generator, single and double bassin arrangement, Horizontal & vertical axis Tidal turbine Helical Turbine, Dynamic Tidal powerplant, Environmental impacts and Site selection for tidal powerplant. Also describes the advantages and disadvantages of Tidal powerplant.
The document provides an overview of tidal energy, including:
- Tidal energy harnesses the gravitational pull of the moon and sun to generate waves that can be captured by tidal turbines or barrages.
- While tidal power has been used since the 9th century, the first large tidal power plant was built in France in 1967 and generates 240 MW.
- Tidal energy has advantages like being predictable and having high energy density, but also challenges like high costs and potential environmental impacts.
- The document discusses different tidal energy technologies and their applications, environmental effects, and regulatory considerations.
This document presents information on submersible pumps submitted by a group of students. It discusses the classification, types of impellers, casings, stages, and couplings used in submersible pumps. The key points covered are that submersible pumps can operate when fully submerged, and there are two main types - deep well and short setting. Deep well pumps have multiple impellers above the motor for high heads, while short setting pumps have a single impeller below the motor for low heads. The rotating impeller transfers kinetic energy to the water, and different casing designs like volute and vortex are used to further convert this to pressure energy before discharge.
The document discusses hydropower in India. It provides an introduction to hydropower, outlines its history in India, and discusses its current status and challenges. Some key points include:
- Hydropower is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that currently contributes around 22% of global electricity supply.
- The first hydropower dam in India was built in the early 1900s by Jamshedji Tata to supply power to textile mills.
- The government aims to realize India's full hydropower potential of 150,000 MW by 2025-26 to meet increasing energy demands.
- Major challenges include low exploitation of potential so far, technical difficulties, financial issues, and environmental/
The document discusses multi-stage centrifugal pumps. It explains that a multi-stage centrifugal pump has two or more impellers to produce a high head. In a series connection, the total head developed is equal to the number of impellers multiplied by the head developed by each impeller. In a parallel connection, multi-stage pumps are arranged in parallel to discharge a large quantity of liquid, with the total discharge equal to the number of pumps multiplied by the discharge from each pump. Some applications of multi-stage centrifugal pumps include pumping water in high-rise buildings, industrial wash down facilities, fire hydrant systems, boiler feed systems, and irrigation.
Submarines have evolved significantly since their early development in the 16th century. Modern submarines can operate independently underwater for extended periods of time. They use ballast tanks to control buoyancy for diving and surfacing. Submarines maintain air quality through oxygen generation and CO2 scrubbing, produce fresh water through distillation, and use electric heaters to maintain temperature. Navigation is accomplished through GPS on the surface and inertial guidance systems underwater, along with active and passive sonar. Submarines are propelled by conventional or nuclear powerplants and maintain stability both on the surface and while submerged.
The outline of the presentation: Site Selection For HP Plant; and Components of HP Plant; Catchment Area; Reservoir; Dam; Fore bay; Sluice Gate; Spillway; Intake Structure; Penstock; Surge Tank; Power House;Turbines; Generators; Draft Tube; Tail Race
Hydroelectricity is a renewable way to generate electricity without burning fossil fuels by harnessing the kinetic energy of flowing water using dams. Dams are built across rivers to form reservoirs; water is then released through turbines to generate electricity. Major hydroelectric dams exist around the world, including the Hoover Dam in the United States. While hydroelectricity has advantages like low operating costs, dams can also negatively impact animal habitats and come with high construction costs.
introduction,working principle, hydro-logical cycle, layout of power plant, penstock, spill way, turbines, advantage and disadvantage, site selection criteria,
The document provides guidelines for maintaining a fresh water generator (FWG) on a vessel:
1. Check the salinity alarm monthly to ensure only fresh water enters the fresh water tank.
2. Stop the FWG when approaching contaminated waters to prevent bacterial infection.
3. Open the separator shell and inspect for scale during scheduled maintenance or if production drops.
4. Clean the heating tubes twice a year or when production drops to prevent scale buildup.
Hydrologic data generally consist of a sequence of observations of some phase of the hydrologic cycle made at a particular site. The data may be a record of the discharge of a stream at a particular place, or it may be a record of the amount of rainfall caught in a particular rain gage.
Although for most hydrologic purposes a long record is preferred to a short one, the user should recognize that the longer the record the greater the chance that there has been a change in the physical conditions of the basin or in the methods of data collection. If these are appreciable, the composite record would represent only a nonexistent condition and not one that existed either before or after the change. Such a record is inconsistent.
The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It describes how hydroelectric power is generated using the potential energy of water. It then classifies hydroelectric plants based on factors like storage characteristics, head, capacity, and nature of the project. The major components of hydroelectric plants are also outlined, including dams, reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, and powerhouses. Advantages include being renewable and having low operation costs, while disadvantages include high initial costs and reduced power in droughts.
1) Hydroelectric power plants utilize the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. Water turns turbines which spin generators to produce electricity.
2) There are several types of hydroelectric turbines suited for different water head and flow conditions including Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. Pelton turbines work best for high head applications while Francis and Kaplan are used for lower heads and higher flows.
3) The key components of a hydroelectric power plant include an intake, penstock, turbine, generator, and tailrace. Water is diverted from a source through the intake and penstock before passing through the turbine which spins the generator to produce electricity which is then transmitted through power lines.
Applications of turbines-Hydroelectric Power PlantsAnand Prithviraj
Different types of turbines used in hydroelectric power plants based on the working parameters such as head, flow, etc., Characteristics of a turbine; specific to its applications in a dam.
Hydroelectric power plants generate electricity using the kinetic energy of flowing water. Water is channeled through turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. Key components include a dam/reservoir, intake, penstocks, turbines, generator, and tailrace. Hydro is a renewable source of energy but development can impact the environment and local populations. It has low operating costs but high initial infrastructure costs. Output depends on water flow/head which can vary seasonally.
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/xIGlZ3UvLdw
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
Follow Us on
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVPftVoKZoIxVH_gh09bMkw/
Blog: https://e-gyaankosh.blogspot.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/egyaankosh/
The document provides information about hydro power, including its history, types of hydro power plants, components and working, and case study of Hirakund Dam in India. Some key points:
1) Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is considered renewable as water sources are replenished.
2) Types of hydro power plants include run-of-river, reservoir, and classifications based on head of water and load.
3) Hirakund Dam is the longest earthen dam in the world located in India. It displaced over 22,000 families but provides irrigation and nearly 300MW of power.
Pumps are machines that use mechanical action to move fluids by increasing pressure or lifting them against gravity. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and forcing it into the discharge pipe with a piston, plunger, gears, lobes or diaphragm. Centrifugal pumps use centrifugal force from an impeller to accelerate and direct fluid outwards into a discharge pipe. Proper maintenance is important for pump efficiency and performance.
Head losses
Major Losses
Minor Losses
Definition • Dimensional Analysis • Types • Darcy Weisbech Equation • Major Losses • Minor Losses • Causes Head Losses
3. • Head loss is loss of energy per unit weight. • Head = Energy of Fluid / Weight • Head losses can be – Kinetic Head – Potential Head – Pressure Head 6/10/2015 4Danial Gondal Head Loss
4. • Kinetic Head – K.H. = kinetic energy / Weight = v² /2g • Potential Head – P.H = Potential Energy / Weight = mgz /mg = z • Pressure Head – P.H = P/ ρ g 6/10/2015 5
5. • (P/ ρ g) + (v² /2g ) + (z) = constant • (FL-2F-1L3LT-2L-1T2) + (L2T-2L1T2)+(L) = constant • (L) + (L) + (L) = constant • As L represent height so it is dimensionally L. 6/10/2015 6 Dimensional Analysis
6. • However the equation (P/ ρ g) + (v² /2g ) + (z) = constant Is valid for Bernoulli's Inviscid flow case. As we are studying viscous flow so (P1/ ρ g) + (v1² /2g ) + (z1) = EGL1(Energy Grade Line At point 1) (P2/ ρ g) + (v2² /2g ) + (z2) = EGL2(Energy Grade Line At point 2) 6/10/2015 7 Head Loss
7. • For Inviscid Flow EGL1 - EGL2= 0 • For Viscous Flow EGL1 - EGL2= Hf 6/10/2015 8 Head Loss
8. MAJOR LOSSES IN PIPES
9. •Friction loss is the loss of energy or “head” that occurs in pipe flow due to viscous effects generated by the surface of the pipe. • Friction Loss is considered as a "major loss" •In mechanical systems such as internal combustion engines, it refers to the power lost overcoming the friction between two moving surfaces. •This energy drop is dependent on the wall shear stress (τ) between the fluid and pipe surface. 6/10/2015 10 Friction Loss
10. •The shear stress of a flow is also dependent on whether the flow is turbulent or laminar. •For turbulent flow, the pressure drop is dependent on the roughness of the surface. •In laminar flow, the roughness effects of the wall are negligible because, in turbulent flow, a thin viscous layer is formed near the pipe surface that causes a loss in energy, while in laminar flow, this viscous layer is non-existent. 6/10/2015 11 Friction Loss
11. Frictional head losses are losses due to shear stress on the pipe walls. The general equation for head loss due to friction is the Darcy-Weisbach equation, which is where f = Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, L = length of pipe, D = pipe diameter, and V = cross sectional average flow velocity.
1) The Aswan High Dam was built in Egypt in the 1960s to control flooding of the Nile River and enable irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. It is an embankment dam that is 111m tall and creates Lake Nasser, holding 132 cubic km of water.
2) Sedimentation in the reservoir is a major issue, with the dam trapping between 80-98% of sediments carried by the Nile. This reduces sediments flowing to the Nile delta and causes problems like coastal erosion.
3) To prolong the economic life of the dam, various sediment management techniques can be used such as altering dam operations to sluice sediments through during high flow periods, dredging sediments
This document provides information on hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the essential components which include a catchment area, reservoir, dam, intake house, waterways, power house, and tailrace. It describes the different types of dams and turbines used. Hydroelectric power is a renewable source of energy since water is continuously available from rainfall and rivers. While hydroelectric power plants have many advantages like low operating costs, they also have disadvantages such as high initial costs and reduced power production during drought seasons.
Image result for hydro power plant in india
India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world ranking third worldwide in the total number of dams. As of 31 March 2016, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 42,783 MW, or 14.35% of its total utility power generation capacity.
Hydroelectric power is power harnessed from converting the energy coming from running water. The mechanical energy is transferred from a rotating turbine to a generator, which produces energy. Hydro power is a shorthand term that can be used in place of hydroelectric power, both mechanical and electric.
This document presents information on submersible pumps submitted by a group of students. It discusses the classification, types of impellers, casings, stages, and couplings used in submersible pumps. The key points covered are that submersible pumps can operate when fully submerged, and there are two main types - deep well and short setting. Deep well pumps have multiple impellers above the motor for high heads, while short setting pumps have a single impeller below the motor for low heads. The rotating impeller transfers kinetic energy to the water, and different casing designs like volute and vortex are used to further convert this to pressure energy before discharge.
The document discusses hydropower in India. It provides an introduction to hydropower, outlines its history in India, and discusses its current status and challenges. Some key points include:
- Hydropower is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that currently contributes around 22% of global electricity supply.
- The first hydropower dam in India was built in the early 1900s by Jamshedji Tata to supply power to textile mills.
- The government aims to realize India's full hydropower potential of 150,000 MW by 2025-26 to meet increasing energy demands.
- Major challenges include low exploitation of potential so far, technical difficulties, financial issues, and environmental/
The document discusses multi-stage centrifugal pumps. It explains that a multi-stage centrifugal pump has two or more impellers to produce a high head. In a series connection, the total head developed is equal to the number of impellers multiplied by the head developed by each impeller. In a parallel connection, multi-stage pumps are arranged in parallel to discharge a large quantity of liquid, with the total discharge equal to the number of pumps multiplied by the discharge from each pump. Some applications of multi-stage centrifugal pumps include pumping water in high-rise buildings, industrial wash down facilities, fire hydrant systems, boiler feed systems, and irrigation.
Submarines have evolved significantly since their early development in the 16th century. Modern submarines can operate independently underwater for extended periods of time. They use ballast tanks to control buoyancy for diving and surfacing. Submarines maintain air quality through oxygen generation and CO2 scrubbing, produce fresh water through distillation, and use electric heaters to maintain temperature. Navigation is accomplished through GPS on the surface and inertial guidance systems underwater, along with active and passive sonar. Submarines are propelled by conventional or nuclear powerplants and maintain stability both on the surface and while submerged.
The outline of the presentation: Site Selection For HP Plant; and Components of HP Plant; Catchment Area; Reservoir; Dam; Fore bay; Sluice Gate; Spillway; Intake Structure; Penstock; Surge Tank; Power House;Turbines; Generators; Draft Tube; Tail Race
Hydroelectricity is a renewable way to generate electricity without burning fossil fuels by harnessing the kinetic energy of flowing water using dams. Dams are built across rivers to form reservoirs; water is then released through turbines to generate electricity. Major hydroelectric dams exist around the world, including the Hoover Dam in the United States. While hydroelectricity has advantages like low operating costs, dams can also negatively impact animal habitats and come with high construction costs.
introduction,working principle, hydro-logical cycle, layout of power plant, penstock, spill way, turbines, advantage and disadvantage, site selection criteria,
The document provides guidelines for maintaining a fresh water generator (FWG) on a vessel:
1. Check the salinity alarm monthly to ensure only fresh water enters the fresh water tank.
2. Stop the FWG when approaching contaminated waters to prevent bacterial infection.
3. Open the separator shell and inspect for scale during scheduled maintenance or if production drops.
4. Clean the heating tubes twice a year or when production drops to prevent scale buildup.
Hydrologic data generally consist of a sequence of observations of some phase of the hydrologic cycle made at a particular site. The data may be a record of the discharge of a stream at a particular place, or it may be a record of the amount of rainfall caught in a particular rain gage.
Although for most hydrologic purposes a long record is preferred to a short one, the user should recognize that the longer the record the greater the chance that there has been a change in the physical conditions of the basin or in the methods of data collection. If these are appreciable, the composite record would represent only a nonexistent condition and not one that existed either before or after the change. Such a record is inconsistent.
The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It describes how hydroelectric power is generated using the potential energy of water. It then classifies hydroelectric plants based on factors like storage characteristics, head, capacity, and nature of the project. The major components of hydroelectric plants are also outlined, including dams, reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, and powerhouses. Advantages include being renewable and having low operation costs, while disadvantages include high initial costs and reduced power in droughts.
1) Hydroelectric power plants utilize the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. Water turns turbines which spin generators to produce electricity.
2) There are several types of hydroelectric turbines suited for different water head and flow conditions including Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. Pelton turbines work best for high head applications while Francis and Kaplan are used for lower heads and higher flows.
3) The key components of a hydroelectric power plant include an intake, penstock, turbine, generator, and tailrace. Water is diverted from a source through the intake and penstock before passing through the turbine which spins the generator to produce electricity which is then transmitted through power lines.
Applications of turbines-Hydroelectric Power PlantsAnand Prithviraj
Different types of turbines used in hydroelectric power plants based on the working parameters such as head, flow, etc., Characteristics of a turbine; specific to its applications in a dam.
Hydroelectric power plants generate electricity using the kinetic energy of flowing water. Water is channeled through turbines that spin generators to produce electricity. Key components include a dam/reservoir, intake, penstocks, turbines, generator, and tailrace. Hydro is a renewable source of energy but development can impact the environment and local populations. It has low operating costs but high initial infrastructure costs. Output depends on water flow/head which can vary seasonally.
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/xIGlZ3UvLdw
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
Follow Us on
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVPftVoKZoIxVH_gh09bMkw/
Blog: https://e-gyaankosh.blogspot.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/egyaankosh/
The document provides information about hydro power, including its history, types of hydro power plants, components and working, and case study of Hirakund Dam in India. Some key points:
1) Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is considered renewable as water sources are replenished.
2) Types of hydro power plants include run-of-river, reservoir, and classifications based on head of water and load.
3) Hirakund Dam is the longest earthen dam in the world located in India. It displaced over 22,000 families but provides irrigation and nearly 300MW of power.
Pumps are machines that use mechanical action to move fluids by increasing pressure or lifting them against gravity. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and forcing it into the discharge pipe with a piston, plunger, gears, lobes or diaphragm. Centrifugal pumps use centrifugal force from an impeller to accelerate and direct fluid outwards into a discharge pipe. Proper maintenance is important for pump efficiency and performance.
Head losses
Major Losses
Minor Losses
Definition • Dimensional Analysis • Types • Darcy Weisbech Equation • Major Losses • Minor Losses • Causes Head Losses
3. • Head loss is loss of energy per unit weight. • Head = Energy of Fluid / Weight • Head losses can be – Kinetic Head – Potential Head – Pressure Head 6/10/2015 4Danial Gondal Head Loss
4. • Kinetic Head – K.H. = kinetic energy / Weight = v² /2g • Potential Head – P.H = Potential Energy / Weight = mgz /mg = z • Pressure Head – P.H = P/ ρ g 6/10/2015 5
5. • (P/ ρ g) + (v² /2g ) + (z) = constant • (FL-2F-1L3LT-2L-1T2) + (L2T-2L1T2)+(L) = constant • (L) + (L) + (L) = constant • As L represent height so it is dimensionally L. 6/10/2015 6 Dimensional Analysis
6. • However the equation (P/ ρ g) + (v² /2g ) + (z) = constant Is valid for Bernoulli's Inviscid flow case. As we are studying viscous flow so (P1/ ρ g) + (v1² /2g ) + (z1) = EGL1(Energy Grade Line At point 1) (P2/ ρ g) + (v2² /2g ) + (z2) = EGL2(Energy Grade Line At point 2) 6/10/2015 7 Head Loss
7. • For Inviscid Flow EGL1 - EGL2= 0 • For Viscous Flow EGL1 - EGL2= Hf 6/10/2015 8 Head Loss
8. MAJOR LOSSES IN PIPES
9. •Friction loss is the loss of energy or “head” that occurs in pipe flow due to viscous effects generated by the surface of the pipe. • Friction Loss is considered as a "major loss" •In mechanical systems such as internal combustion engines, it refers to the power lost overcoming the friction between two moving surfaces. •This energy drop is dependent on the wall shear stress (τ) between the fluid and pipe surface. 6/10/2015 10 Friction Loss
10. •The shear stress of a flow is also dependent on whether the flow is turbulent or laminar. •For turbulent flow, the pressure drop is dependent on the roughness of the surface. •In laminar flow, the roughness effects of the wall are negligible because, in turbulent flow, a thin viscous layer is formed near the pipe surface that causes a loss in energy, while in laminar flow, this viscous layer is non-existent. 6/10/2015 11 Friction Loss
11. Frictional head losses are losses due to shear stress on the pipe walls. The general equation for head loss due to friction is the Darcy-Weisbach equation, which is where f = Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, L = length of pipe, D = pipe diameter, and V = cross sectional average flow velocity.
1) The Aswan High Dam was built in Egypt in the 1960s to control flooding of the Nile River and enable irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. It is an embankment dam that is 111m tall and creates Lake Nasser, holding 132 cubic km of water.
2) Sedimentation in the reservoir is a major issue, with the dam trapping between 80-98% of sediments carried by the Nile. This reduces sediments flowing to the Nile delta and causes problems like coastal erosion.
3) To prolong the economic life of the dam, various sediment management techniques can be used such as altering dam operations to sluice sediments through during high flow periods, dredging sediments
This document provides information on hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the essential components which include a catchment area, reservoir, dam, intake house, waterways, power house, and tailrace. It describes the different types of dams and turbines used. Hydroelectric power is a renewable source of energy since water is continuously available from rainfall and rivers. While hydroelectric power plants have many advantages like low operating costs, they also have disadvantages such as high initial costs and reduced power production during drought seasons.
Image result for hydro power plant in india
India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world ranking third worldwide in the total number of dams. As of 31 March 2016, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 42,783 MW, or 14.35% of its total utility power generation capacity.
Hydroelectric power is power harnessed from converting the energy coming from running water. The mechanical energy is transferred from a rotating turbine to a generator, which produces energy. Hydro power is a shorthand term that can be used in place of hydroelectric power, both mechanical and electric.
A hydropower plant uses the kinetic energy of falling or flowing water to produce electricity. It has several key components:
1. A forebay temporarily stores water before it enters the intake structure.
2. The intake structure directs water into penstocks. It contains trash racks to prevent debris from damaging turbines.
3. Penstocks are pipes that carry water under pressure to the turbines.
4. Surge chambers help control pressure changes in long penstocks.
5. Hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into rotational energy to power generators.
6. The power house houses the generators and other electrical equipment.
7. Draft tubes safely return water to the tailrace channel after
HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANTS : Major hydroelectric plants operational in IndiaMayurjyotiNeog
This brief presentation includes a study a hydroelectric powerplants, how they work, their components, types of hydroelectric powerplants available, its advantages and limitations and hydraulic powerplants in India.
1. Hydroelectric power plants harness the kinetic energy of flowing water by using a turbine connected to an electric generator. Water is stored in a reservoir behind a dam and then flows through a penstock to spin the turbine blades.
2. The turbine spins a shaft connected to a generator to produce electricity. Common types of turbines include Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines which are suited for different water flows and heads.
3. In addition to generating electricity, pumped storage plants can pump water back up to the reservoir during low demand to be available for power generation during peak loads. Hydroelectric power is a renewable source that produces no emissions.
Hydro power plant presentation project by pratik diyora 100420106008Pratik Diyora
This document summarizes a student project on a hydroelectric power plant. It includes sections on the basic components and principles of hydroelectricity including dams, intake, penstocks, turbines, generators, transformers, and power houses. It also describes different types of hydroelectric plants based on head including low, medium, and high head schemes. World's largest hydroelectric plants like China's Three Gorges Dam and India's largest plants including Tehri Dam and Sardar Sarovar Dam are highlighted. The document is intended to provide an overview of hydroelectric power generation.
This document provides an overview of a hydro power plant project. It discusses site selection factors like water availability and storage. It describes the basic components and working of a hydro power plant including the catchment area, dam, penstocks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. It classifies hydro plants by head, lists common turbine types, and discusses advantages like no fuel costs and disadvantages like high initial costs. Examples of hydro plants in Gujarat are also mentioned.
1. Hydroelectric power plants harness the potential energy of falling or fast-running water and convert it to electrical energy.
2. They require a water source, usually a dammed river or reservoir, to create water head and a hydroelectric turbine to convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical power to drive an electrical generator.
3. Hydroelectric power plants can be classified as high-head, medium-head, or low-head depending on the height of water fall, and as run-of-river, pondage, storage, or pumped storage depending on how water is stored and used.
Hydroelectric power plants harness the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electrical power. There are several types of hydroelectric power plants classified by their hydraulic characteristics and operating head. Run-of-river plants utilize minimum river flows without storage, while storage plants feature upstream reservoirs. Pumped storage plants pump water back uphill during off-peak hours. Tidal plants use the difference between high and low tides. Classification by head includes low-head (<15m), medium-head (15-60m), and high-head (>60m) schemes. The major components of a typical hydroelectric scheme are the intake, penstocks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. Impulse turbines like Pelton wheels and reaction turbines
Hydroelectric power plant classification of hydroelectric power plant , Different types of Hydroelectric power power plant in India factor considered in selection of hydroelectric power plant
This document provides an overview of hydro power plant components and types. It discusses the three types of power houses: surface, semi-underground, and underground. Surface power houses have components on the surface but are limited by topography. Semi-underground power houses combine advantages of surface and underground. Underground power houses are located entirely inside mountains with access tunnels. The document also summarizes the main components of hydro power stations including dams/barrages, water conductor systems, and power houses as well as different types of hydro power projects.
The document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It describes how hydroelectric power utilizes the potential and kinetic energy of water using components like dams, reservoirs, penstocks and turbines. It classifies hydroelectric plants based on available water quantity, head, and load served. Run-of-river and reservoir plants are described. Common turbine types like Francis, Kaplan and Pelton are mentioned for different heads. The document outlines the various components of hydroelectric plants including intake gates, penstocks, draft tubes and switchyards. Advantages like no emissions and lower operating costs are contrasted with disadvantages of location dependence and environmental impacts.
A hydroelectric power plant harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. It consists of a dam that creates a reservoir of water, turbines that convert the energy of falling water into mechanical energy, and generators that transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. The plant is ideally located near a river in hilly areas where a large dam and reservoir can be built. Hydroelectric power is a renewable source of energy that produces no emissions. However, it has high upfront costs and power generation depends on water availability, which can fluctuate with weather patterns.
Hydroelectric power plants generate electricity by harnessing the kinetic energy of flowing water. Dams are constructed to store water in reservoirs, increasing its potential energy. The water is then released through turbines, converting the kinetic energy to mechanical energy that spins generators to produce electricity. Hydroelectric power plants are classified based on factors like water flow availability, water head, and the type of load supplied. They have advantages like being renewable, low-cost to operate, and providing flood control and irrigation benefits. However, their construction is expensive and can negatively impact local communities and ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of hydroelectric power. It discusses how hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water to generate electricity. Dams are constructed to store water, which is then channeled through penstocks to power turbines in powerhouses. There are three main types of hydropower plants: run-of-river plants that use natural river flows, reservoir plants that store water behind dams, and pumped storage plants that function like batteries by pumping water to higher reservoirs. Hydropower is a renewable source that provides clean energy without pollution, but large dams require significant investment and financing.
This document provides information about hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the essential components of hydroelectric plants including the catchment area, reservoir, dam, waterways, powerhouse, and tailrace. It describes the functions of these components and classifications such as type of dam. The document also discusses hydraulic turbines and components within the powerhouse such as the generator, transformer, and penstock. It provides advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power.
Chapter two-Classification of Hydroelectric Power PlantsYimam Alemu
This document outlines various ways to classify hydroelectric power plants. It discusses classification based on: 1) the quantity of water available and ability to regulate flow, including run-of-river without pondage, run-of-river with pondage, storage, and pumped storage. 2) The available head height, including high, medium, and low head. 3) The nature of the load, including base load and peak load plants. 4) Whether the plant is on or off the transmission grid. 5) The plant's capacity. 6) The purpose of the plant. 7) The hydrological relationship between plants, including single stage and cascade systems.
This document provides an overview of hydro power plants, including their basic components, working principle, types, factors for site selection, advantages, and disadvantages. The main components of hydro power plants are dams, water reservoirs, intake gates, penstocks, water turbines, and generators. Dams and reservoirs provide potential energy by storing water at a height, which is then converted to kinetic and mechanical energy by turbines to power generators and produce electricity. Site selection depends on available water sources, storage capacity, water head, distance to load centers, and land type. Hydro power has advantages of no fuel costs and lower emissions, but high initial costs and dependence on water availability.
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2. WHAT IS HYDROPOWER?
Hydropower
-is energy that comes from the force of moving
water.
-is called a renewable energy source because it
is replenished by snow and rainfall. As long as
the sun shines and the rain falls, we won’t run
out of this energy source.
5. COMPONENTS OF HYDROPOWER
PLANT
1. Catchment area and water reservoir
• The area behind the dam, which collects rain
water, drains into a stream or river, is called
catchment area.
• Water collected from catchment area is stored
in a reservoir, behind the dam.
6. Natural reservoir - is a lake in high mountains
and an artificial reservoir is made by constructing
a dam across the river.
Storage - Is water held in upstream reservoir.
Pondage – is water behind the dam at the plant.
7. COMPONENTS OF HYDROPOWER
PLANT
2. Dam and the Intake
• A dam is a structure of masonry earth and/or
rock fill built across a river. Its two functions
are to provide the head of water and to create
storage or pondage.
8. Concrete and masonry dams types
– solid gravity dam
– the buttress dam
– the arched dam
9. The basic requirements of a dam
• economy
• Safety
Part of a dam must have
• Trash rack
• Booms screen
• Sluice gate
• Gate valve
..
10. Trash rack-is made up of steel bars and is placed
across the intake to prevent the debris from
going into the intake.
Booms screen-prevent floating material like
logs, which divert them to a bypass chute.
Sluices- is for by passing debris.
Gates and valves - control the rate of water flow
entering the intake
Gates - discharge excess water during flood
duration.
11. Types of Gates:
– Radial gates
– sluice gates
– wheeled gates
– plain sliding gates
– crest gates
– drum gates
The various types of valves used are:
– needle valve
– butterfly valve
13. COMPONENTS OF HYDROPOWER
PLANT
3. Inlet water ways
• Inlet water ways are the passages through which
water is conveyed from the dam to the power
house. It includes:
a) Canal
b) Flumes
c) Penstock (closed pipe)
d) Tunnel
e) Foreway
f) Surge Tanks
g) Spillways
14. several designs of spillways:
– simple spillway
– side channel spillway
– siphon spillway
– Over flow spillway
– Chute or trough spillway
– Shaft spillway
-The particular type selected for a construction depends upon
topographical, geological and hydrological conditions at the site.
Maintenance cost of spillways may also be an important
consideration in selection of the type.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. COMPONENTS OF HYDROPOWER
PLANT
4. Power House and Equipment
• The power house is a building in which the turbines,
alternators and the auxiliary plant are housed. Here
conversion of energy of water to electrical energy takes
place.
The power house consists of two main parts:
a.) a substructure to support the hydraulic and electrical
equipment
b.) superstructure to house and protect these equipment
20. The superstructure mostly is a building or
housing an operating equipment. The generating
units and exciters are usually located on the
ground floor. The turbines are placed just below
the floor level if they rotate on vertical axis.
These turbines which rotate on a horizontal axis
are placed on the ground floor alongside the
generator.
21. Following are some of the main equipment provided in a
power house:
• Prime movers (turbines)
coupled with generators
• Turbine governors
• Relief valve for penstock
fittings
• Gate valves
• Water circulating pumps
• Flow measuring devices
• Air ducts
• Transformers
• Reactors
• Switch board equipment
and instruments
• Oil circuit breakers
• Low tension and high
tension bus bar
• Cranes
• Shops and offices
22. • The turbines which are in common use are:
– Pelton turbine
– Francis turbine
– Kaplan turbine
– Propeller turbines
23.
24. COMPONENTS OF HYDROPOWER
PLANT
5. Tail Race and Outlet Water Way
• Tail race is a passage for discharging the water
leaving the turbine into the river and in certain
cases, the water from.
• the water held in the tail race is called as tail race
water level.
• The draft tube is an essential part of reaction
turbine installation. It is a diverging passage from
the point of runner exit down to the tail race.
25. Draft tube has two main functions:
a.) It permits the establishment of negative head
below the runner and so makes it possible to set
the turbine above the tail race level, where it is
more easily accessible and yet does not cause a
sacrifice in head.
b.) Its diverging passage converts a large portion
of the velocity energy rejected from the runner
into useful pressure head, thereby increasing
the efficiency of the turbine.
26. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF HYDRO STATIONS
ADVANTAGES OF THE STATIONS OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. The plant is highly reliable and its operation and maintenance charges are
very low.
2. It is quick starting and can be brought on load within few minutes, and the
load can be increased rapidly.
3. Hydro stations are able to respond to rapidly changing loads without loss of
efficiency.
4. The plant has no standby losses.
5. The efficiency of the plant does not change with age, whereas there is
considerable reduction in
efficiency of thermal as well as nuclear power plant with age.
6. The plant and associated civil engineering structures have a long life.
7. Less labor is required to operate the plant, much of the plant is under
automatic control.
27. 8. In this case no nuisance of smoke, exhaust gases, soot
etc. exists.
9. It uses non-wasting natural source, i.e. water power.
10. Cost of land is not a problem, as the hydro stations
are situated away from the developed areas.
11. The cost of generation of energy varies with little with
the time.
12. The machines used in hydel plants are more robust
and generally run at low speeds (300 to 400 rpm) where
the machines used in thermal plants run at a speed of
3000 to 4000 rpm. Due to low speed and temperature,
there are no complications of special alloys required for
construction.
13. It can be made multipurpose so as to give additional
advantages of irrigation and flood control.
28. DISADVANTAGES OF THE STATIONS OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
1. Initial cost of the plant including the cost of dam is high.
2. Hydro-station has special requirement of site which usually is an
isolated area with difficult access.
3. Power generation by the hydro-plant is only dependent on the
quality of water available, which in turn depends on rain. During the
dry year, the power production may be curtailed or even discontinued.
This availability of power from such plants is not much reliable.
4. The site of hydroelectric station is selected on the basis of water
availability at economical head. Such sites are usually away from the
load centers. The transmission of power from power station to the
load center requires long transmission lines. This substantially
increases the capital expenditure and also there is loss of power in
such transmissions.
5. It takes long time for its construction as compared to thermal plants.
Over and above, their wholly practical advantage is the fact that hydro
electric energy is the most viable mode of renewable energy available
for utilization, as so good or even better in some respects, as any other
mode using consumable resources.
29. Classification based on their hydraulic characteristics
or capacity foot water flow regulation, the hydro
power plants may be categorized as:
1. Run of river plants
2. Storage plants (Reservoir plants)
3. Pumped Storage Plants
4. Multi-Purpose Project
5. Purely-Hydroelectric Project
30. 1. Run of river plants
As the name suggests, these plants utilize
the flow as it runs through the year, without any
storage add the benefit thereof. During the rainy
season high water flow is available and if the
power plant is not able to use this large flow of
water some quantity of water is allowed to flow
over dam spillways as waste. On the other hand
during dry season, the power produced by such
plants will be less, due to low flow rates of
water.
31. 2. Storage plants (Reservoir plants)
As the name suggest, in such plants, have
reservoirs of fairly large size, which usually
provide sufficient storage to carryover from wet
season to dry season and sometimes even from
one year to another. They can therefore supply
water at a constant rate which is substantially
higher than the minimum natural flow of the
stream. The big dams, creating large lakes,
usually provide relatively high heads for these
power plants.
32. 3. Pumped Storage Plants
This type of plant in combination with hydro-
electric power plant is used for supplying. The
sudden peak load for short duration--a few hours in
the year. These are special type of power plants
which work as ordinary conventional hydropower
stations for part of the time. The specialty of power
plants lies in the fact that when such plants are not
producing power, they can be used as pumping
stations which pump water from the tail race side
to the high level reservoir. At such times these
power stations utilize power available from
elsewhere to run the pumping units.
33. 4. Multi-Purpose Project
Power generation may be one of the
benefits along with flood control, irrigation,
navigation, drinking water, etc.
5. Purely-Hydroelectric Project
Project is conceived exclusively for power
generation.
34. CBK Power Company Limited
A partnership between two Japanese companies – the Electric Power
Development Company Ltd. (JPower), a power wholesaler and power project
developer, and Sumitomo Corporation, an integrated business enterprise
both in Japan and overseas – the CBK Power Company Limited (CBK PCL) was
created to implement the Build-Rehabilitate-Operate-Transfer (BROT)
Agreement between CBK and the National Power Corporation (NPC).
Under the agreement, CBK plants will provide ancillary services and
electricity for NPC and will transfer the plants to NPC at no cost at the end of
the cooperation period in 2026.
CBK PCL took over the operation of the CBK Complex on February 7,
2001 and embarked on a comprehensive rehabilitation and upgrading
program that aimed to extend the useful life of the three power generation
plants in the power complex, improve the plants’ available capacity, reliability
and safety, and also expanded existing pumped storage power plant by
adding two more units.
35. CBK Power Company Limited (CBK PCL)
It operates three hydroelectric power
plants in the province of Laguna. CBK PCL is
credited for revitalizing the CBK power complex
into a reliable, indigenous and environmentally-
benign source of power for the country. With a
combined generation of 728 megawatts, the
CBK complex provides a significant portion of
the total power supply in Metro manila, the
largest consumption center of energy in the
country.
36. Plants operated by the CBK Power
Company Limited
Caliraya Hydro Electric Power Plant (CHEPP)
This Power plant is located in Lumban, Laguna
which is the first power plant ever built by NPC and
was fully commissioned after World War II. CHEPP
shares the Caliraya Reservoir with the Kalayaan
Pumped Storage Power Plant.
Originally, the plant was equipped with four
units with a combined generating capacity of 32
MW. After the rehabilitation by CBK PCL, the plant
now has two units with a combined guaranteed
generating capacity of 22.6 MW at 271m net head.
38. Botocan Hydroelectric Power Plant
(BHEPP)
It is a run-of-river power plant, BHEPP uses
Botocan River as its water source for energy –
which was acquired by NPC from the Manila Electric
Company (Meralco) in January 1979. Located in
Majayjay, Laguna, the first BHEPP unit was
commissioned in 1930 while two other units were
commissioned in 1947. BHEP was then equipped
with two Francis-type turbine units rated 8MW
each which is directly connected to a vertical
generator, and a 0.96MW auxiliary Pelton-type
turbine unit driving a horizontal generator.
40. Kalayaan Pumped Storage Power
Plant (KPSPP)
The first of its kind in Southeast Asia. Located in
Kalayaan, Laguna, the plant lies along the eastern part of
Laguna Lake and is situated near Metro Manila, the
largest consumption center of energy in the country.
KPSPP’s main purpose is to supply peaking power to the
Luzon Grid. It utilizes excess power during times when
there is low power demand to pump water from a lower
reservoir (Laguna de Bay) for storage in an upper
reservoir (the Caliraya Reservoir) at night. During times of
high power demand, the stored water in the upper
reservoir is released and used to generate power as it
returns to the lower reservoir.
42. PLANT COMPONENTS OF KALAYAAN
PUMED UP STORAGE
1.) THE UPPER CANAL
Upper Canal connects the Caliraya Reservoir with the
intake structure of KPSPP.
2.) KALAYAAN INTAKE
The KALAYAAN INTAKE is located at the end of the
forebay area and consists of a concrete gravity structure 32 m
high and 115.26 m long, having crest at elevation 294 masl.
3.) THE SERVICE BUILDING
Located on the right side of the powerhouse, has an
area of 48.7m x 26.2m and height of 23.3m.
43. PLANT COMPONENTS OF KALAYAAN
PUMED UP STORAGE
4.) THE CONTROL BUILDING
Adjacent to the powerhouse shaft and in front of the service
building, it is a conventional reinforced concrete structure with
external shaped walls developed on the three floors plus the
basement.
5.) THE POWER HOUSE
Each Powerhouse contains two Francis vertical and
synchronous generators with a total Guaranteed Net Contracted
Capacity (GNCC) of 336 MW for KPSPP I and 348.6 MW for KPSPP II.
6.) 1-MW MINI – HYDRO POWER UNIT
It is a Pelton turbine type small hydro unit which can provide
station service power even during the entire grid power failure so that
the Kalayaan Pump Storage Power Plant can energies the grid initially.
(Black Start Function)
44. PLANT COMPONENTS OF KALAYAAN
PUMED UP STORAGE
7.) 1-MW DIESEL GENSET
Serve as an additional station service power
source in case of emergency.
8.) THE PENSTOCKS – I & II
The Penstock-I is located in the excavated
section of trapezoidal shaped open trench, having a
bottom width of 32.7 m. The penstock has a
diameter of 6m which reduces to 5.5m.
45. PLANT COMPONENTS OF CALIRAYA
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
1.) INTAKE STRUCTURE
It is located on the left bank of the reservoir at El.272.5 m.
From the intake until the surge tank; water is conveyed through a
circular, reinforced concrete, 2.5 m-diameter conduit.
2.) SURGE TANK
It is of the Johnson differential type, 6.1mdiameter and raises
32.9-m above the foundation. There is a 2.3 m-diameter maintenance
butterfly valve immediately downstream of the surge tank.
3.) PENSTOCK
A 741 m x 2.0 to 2.3 m diameter, conveys the water to the
powerhouse. The penstock is supported on concrete saddles and
anchor blocks. A manifold diverts water into two branches and feeds
each of the units. A butterfly valve is installed upstream of each unit
which serves as main water inlet valve operated by hydraulic systems.
46. PLANT COMPONENTS OF CALIRAYA
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
4.) POWERHOUSE
It contains two Francis vertical turbines and synchronous generator
with a total guaranteed capacity of 22.6 MW. The generators are connected
to the main and transfer buses in the substation through SF6 gastype circuit
breakers rated 1,250A. Two transformers 13,800/480V feed the plant
auxiliaries.
5.) GENERATORS
There are two feeders connecting Kalayaan and Botocan 115 KV line,
each one equipped with a de-ton grid circuit breaker. These feeders supply
power through two 3-phase power transformers each rated at 22,000 kVA,
13.2 KV / 115KV
47. PLANT COMPONENTS OF CALIRAYA
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
6.) CALIRAYA RESERVOIR
It is located approximately 60 aerial km eastsoutheast of Manila. It
serves as the reservoir for the Kalayaan and Caliraya Power Plants. It was
formed by blocking the Caliraya River with a dam. It has a total catchment of
129 sq km including the 37 sq km catchment of Lumot Reservoir. The
minimum and maximum normal operating water levels of the Caliraya
Reservoir are at 286 and 288 masl and its total storage capacity is
approximately about 80 million cubic meters. Surrounding Caliraya Lake are
12 barangays in three towns; Cavinti, Lumban and Kalayaan. In these areas
are Barangays San Antonio and San Juan in Kalayaan; Lewin and Caliraya in
Lumban; East West Talaongan, Lumot-Mahipon, Inao-awan, Sisilmin, Bukal,
Cansuso, and Paowin in Cavinti.
7.) CALIRAYA-LUMOT WATERSHED
It was set aside as permanent forest reserve on June 26, 1969 by
then president Ferdinand E. Marcos through Proclamation No. 573.
48. PLANT COMPONENTS OF CALIRAYA
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
8.) CALIRAYA DAM
It is a rolled -earth dam with crest elevation at 292 masl and
has a base width of 161.7 m and a top width of 10 m. The base of the
dam at the foundation elevation is at approximately 270 masl and was
constructed on a foundation of alternate layers of basalt rock and soft
materials. The total length considering the west and east dike is 1,156
m. The upstream face is protected with slabs of cement while
downstream face is covered with grass.
9.) LUMOT-CALIRAYA TUNNEL
It is situated in the municipality of Cavinti. It connects the
Lumot Reservoir with the Caliraya Reservoir through the 2.2 Km long,
2m diameter concrete conduit. A maintenance valve is provided
approximately 146 m downstream of the intake portal.
49. PLANT COMPONENTS OF CALIRAYA
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
10.) NEW CALIRAYA SPILLWAY
It was designed and constructed as it is of the
open gated type with its ogee crest elevation
284.46 m. It was designed for a maximum discharge
of more than 500 cu.m. per second. The new
spillway is consist of a forebay, the ogee, chuteway
with appropriate training walls, a flip bucket as
energy dissipater and a plunge pool. Two radial
gates, measuring 8.76 m x 9 m wide, are supported
by the central pier and abutment piers, which in
turn support the spillway bridge.
50. PLANT COMPONENTS OF BOTOCAN
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
1.) POWERHOUSE
It encloses the three generator units as well as its auxiliaries. It
is located on the left bank of the river and is in a 150-meter deep
gorge. It can be reached via the cable car or a stairway.
2.) GENERATOR UNITS 1 & 2
Generator units 1 & 2 are the main units of BHEPP, each
utilizing a Francis-type turbine. Each has a guaranteed output of
10MW at a rated speed of 600 rpm and a power factor of 0.85. It has a
rated output voltage of 13.8 kV at 60 Hz.
3.) GENERATOR UNIT 3
It utilizes a Pelton-type turbine. It has a rated power output of
960 KW at a rated speed of 720 rpm. Its rated output voltage of 13.8
kV and with a power factor of 0.8.
51. PLANT COMPONENTS OF BOTOCAN
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
4.) SWITCHYARD
It is located on the powerhouse roof. Low voltage lines are
carried up the gorge through a series of overhead towers and are
connected to the transformer station near the surge tank.
5.) INTAKE
It provides a means for the closure of power tunnel intake
during dewatering of penstock or during emergency operations. It is
located on the left bank of the river at a short distance from the dam,
and it is equipped with conventional trashracks and a Stoney-type
sliding gate. From the intake until the surge tank, the water is
conveyed through a 2-m, 2- km long waterway consisting of a
concrete-lined, 1,180 m long tunnel of circular section, and a 783 m-
long riveted steel type section.
52. PLANT COMPONENTS OF BOTOCAN
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
6.) DAM GATES
It provide a means to control and maintain the level of water in the
reservoir. It is equipped with four counterweighted tainter gates, each 3.7 meters high
and 7.6 meters long. The gates can be controlled in either auto/remote mode from the
Operator’s Station or at local/manual at the Intake Building. In case of absolute power
failure, it can be controlled manually by means of hand wheels.
7.) OVERFLOW SPILLWAY
It was designed in such a way as to permit the free flow of water at the Dam
when it reaches 332.50 masl.
8.) SURGE TANK
A differential 2.25 m-diameter, 63.96 m-high located at the top of the hill
above the powerhouse. The tank is made of steel plates and is supported by six steel
legs. The exposed steel penstock 1.8 m in diam. x 179 m long, convey the water from
anchor block to the powerhouse through a steep slope inclined at 45deg. to 51deg.
supported by concrete anchor blocks and concrete saddles . The surge tank prevents
water hammering in the event of sudden closure of the butterfly valve. Likewise, it
provides the required amount of water in case of an abrupt increase in load.
53. PLANT COMPONENTS OF BOTOCAN
HYDROELECTRIC
POWERPLANT
9.) CABLE CAR
It is the primary means of transportation
going to the Powerhouse, with 15 minutes as
interval time. It has a maximum safe capacity of 25
metric tons. The upper and lower landing elevations
are 277.089 masl and 143.94 masl, respectively.
10.) STAIRWAY ALONG THE PENSTOCK
It is the alternative route from the ground
level to the Powerhouse and vice versa. It has 611
steps, consisting of 597 steel ladders and 14
concrete step-ladders.