Shoots tips and axillary buds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino were used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l BA. After 12 weeks, new shoots came out and the MS medium contained with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest shoots (7.28 shoots) and their average height was 2.22 cm. Young leaves were used as explants for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS supplemented with vary concentration of 2,4-D ( 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/l ). After 12 weeks, explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D gave the biggest callus which their average diameter were 0.9375 cm. When cultured explants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino on MS medium supplemented with combination of (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) BA and (0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l) NAA for 12 weeks. The highest average new shoots were induced from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA which was 6.8 shoots, and MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l NAA gave the lowest average new shoots (2.7 shoots), and the average root length (1.8 cm). Plantlets were complete and ready for transplanting to in vivo.
Effect of Colchicine Tablets on Morphology of Torenia fournieridrboon
The document summarizes research on inducing polyploidy in the plant species Torenia fournieri through treatment with colchicine solution. Leaves were soaked in various concentrations of colchicine for different durations. Higher concentrations and longer durations decreased survival rates. Putative polyploids were selected based on larger stomata size and darker green leaves. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting confirmed some plants were induced to tetraploid (4n=36 chromosomes), compared to the normal diploid (2n=18 chromosomes). The highest induction rate was 6.67% for treatment with 15 ppm colchicine for 3 days. Morphological differences between induced tetraploids and control diploids
Effects of NAA BA and Sucrose On Shoot Induction and Rapid Micropropagation b...drboon
Shoot tip of Curcuma longa L. were used as explants. These explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentration of (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l ) BA and (0,0.5, and 1 mg/l) NAA. They were significant difference (p≤0.05) in each parameter. Explants which cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA and 2 or 3 mg/l BA gave the highest average number of new shoots ( 2.4, 2.6 shoots, respectively) and number of leaf (5.4 leaves), optimum number of roots ( 2.6 roots per shoot) and plant height (4.5 cm). In MS medium supplemented with only 2 mg/l BA produced the highest average number of shoot (2.6 shoots) and 5.4 leaves per shoot. When trimmed explants in longitudinal section (LS) to 2 and 3 sections. At 2 sections gave the highest number of new shoots (4.3 shoots per section). Explants which cultured on MS medium with 60 gm/l gave the highest average shoots and leaves per bunch, longest and biggest size of root.
The Effect of the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, Benzyl Adenine and Paclobu...drboon
The nodal explants of Curcuma var. Chattip could develop callus after in vitro culturing and transplanting within 4 weeks in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D, although this optimal if the media was further supplemented with 5.0 mg/l BA, obtaining the highest number of new shoots in 6 weeks. MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/l paclobutrazol and 15% (v/v) coconut water was found suitable for regenerating the highest number of new shoots (7.25 shoots). The number of leaves per plantlet, length of leaves, and length of petrioles were significantly reduced (p≤ 0.05) when increased concentrations of paclobutrazol and especially paclobutrazol with 15 % (v/v) coconut water. However further experimentation is required to evaluate the dose-response and the interaction between coconut water and paclobutrazol. In contrast, no significant difference in leaf width in all treatments.
ABSTRACT: The Study was undertaken with an objective to develop a protocol for micropropagation of Pongamia pinnata pierre through shoot apex segments shoot of 0.5 to 1.0 cm were collected and used as a explant. The treatment of 1.0 NaOCl (Sodium hypochloride) (W/v) solution 1 minute to 10 minute time duration. These treated explant washed trice with double distilled water and cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog) medium. In this experiment auxin 2, 4-D, NAA and cytokinin BAP, Kinetin were used for optimization of maximum callus induction.
Shoot apex explant culturing callus induction maximum callus is produced when MS medium with 3.0 mg/l, 2, 4-D and BAP 0.5 mg/l, the optimized physical condition has to be maintain throughout the experiment. In this study about 30 to 35% mature sotmatic embryos germinated after sub culture from shoot apex. Different concentration and combination of NAA, IAA, IBA and BAP were used to inducted rooting on MS based medium. When the hight in vitro shoot, were reached up to 8 cm with healthy shooted roots, the plants were ready for hardening. The complete protocol for somatic embryogenesis, shoot induction, root induction up to hardening.
ABSTRACT- This research evaluated the phytotoxic effect of the hexane (H.E), ethyl acetate (EtOAc.E) and methanolic (MeOH.E) crude extracts of the Tephrosia cinerea leaves on the seed germination of seeds using two weed species, Mimosa pudica (Malícia) and Senna obtusifolia (Mata-pasto), as test plants. The compounds were isolated using classic chromatography techniques and the structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by 1H and 13C NMR (1D and 2D) techniques. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of T. cinerea were the most active, as they inhibited the germination of seeds in 92.0% and 81.0% respectively of malícia and mata-pasto, the ethyl acetate extract inhibited germination by 81.0% and the methanolic extract by 32.0%. The chemical study led to isolation of cinnamic acid and rotenone from the ethyl acetate extract, and mixture containing triacylglycerol and β-sitosterol fatty acids from the hexane extract and the disaccharide trehalose from methanolic extract.
Key-words- Invasive species, Phytotoxicity, Crude extracts, Rotenone
Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana...Innspub Net
Conventional propagation practices of banana challenge the production of disease-free planting materials. This study evaluates the use of misting system and different plant growth enhancers, Benzyl Amino Purine at 2mg/l and Napthalene Acetic Acid at 0.93g/L, on plantlet development of Saba banana (Musa balbisiana) macropropagated under glasshouse conditions. A total of 36 corms are equally distributed in three propagators. Four growth parameters are observed and analysed using factorial in Completely Randomized Design in first generation plantlets (GP1) and second generation plantlets (GP2). Results show that the use of misting system significantly increased (p<0.01) all the growth parameters tested during the first and second cycles. The growth enhancers significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (p<0.01), (GP1, GP2) and increased the number of shoots emerged (p<0.01) (GP1, GP2), shoot collar diameter (p<0.01) (GP1) (p<0.05) (GP2), and total leaf area (p<0.05) (GP1) (p<0.01) (GP2). The interaction of the two factors has significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (P ≤ 0.05), produced the most number of shoots (P ≤ 0.01) and the largest total leaf area (P ≤ 0.05) in GP2. The findings suggest that the combined use of misting system and plant growth enhancers accelerates the growth of macropropagated Saba banana.
This research article summarizes the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Nepenthes khasiana. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that spherical and triangular shaped gold nanoparticles were produced between 50-80 nm in size. The gold nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Determination of Suitable Cutting Size for Vegetative Propagation of Jatropha...ZY8
This study evaluated different stem cutting sizes for vegetative propagation of Jatropha curcas without rooting hormones. Cuttings of three lengths (20, 30, 40 cm) and four thicknesses (1.5-2 cm, 2-2.5 cm, 2.5-3 cm, 3-3.5 cm) were tested. The 40 cm long by 2.5-3 cm thick cuttings showed the highest survival rate (68%), most leaves (26.33), longest roots (22.35 cm), and greatest root volume, fresh weight, and dry weight. These cuttings performed best for vegetative propagation. Seed propagation resulted in taller plants with more branches, but cuttings flowered four
Effect of Colchicine Tablets on Morphology of Torenia fournieridrboon
The document summarizes research on inducing polyploidy in the plant species Torenia fournieri through treatment with colchicine solution. Leaves were soaked in various concentrations of colchicine for different durations. Higher concentrations and longer durations decreased survival rates. Putative polyploids were selected based on larger stomata size and darker green leaves. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting confirmed some plants were induced to tetraploid (4n=36 chromosomes), compared to the normal diploid (2n=18 chromosomes). The highest induction rate was 6.67% for treatment with 15 ppm colchicine for 3 days. Morphological differences between induced tetraploids and control diploids
Effects of NAA BA and Sucrose On Shoot Induction and Rapid Micropropagation b...drboon
Shoot tip of Curcuma longa L. were used as explants. These explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentration of (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l ) BA and (0,0.5, and 1 mg/l) NAA. They were significant difference (p≤0.05) in each parameter. Explants which cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA and 2 or 3 mg/l BA gave the highest average number of new shoots ( 2.4, 2.6 shoots, respectively) and number of leaf (5.4 leaves), optimum number of roots ( 2.6 roots per shoot) and plant height (4.5 cm). In MS medium supplemented with only 2 mg/l BA produced the highest average number of shoot (2.6 shoots) and 5.4 leaves per shoot. When trimmed explants in longitudinal section (LS) to 2 and 3 sections. At 2 sections gave the highest number of new shoots (4.3 shoots per section). Explants which cultured on MS medium with 60 gm/l gave the highest average shoots and leaves per bunch, longest and biggest size of root.
The Effect of the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, Benzyl Adenine and Paclobu...drboon
The nodal explants of Curcuma var. Chattip could develop callus after in vitro culturing and transplanting within 4 weeks in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D, although this optimal if the media was further supplemented with 5.0 mg/l BA, obtaining the highest number of new shoots in 6 weeks. MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/l paclobutrazol and 15% (v/v) coconut water was found suitable for regenerating the highest number of new shoots (7.25 shoots). The number of leaves per plantlet, length of leaves, and length of petrioles were significantly reduced (p≤ 0.05) when increased concentrations of paclobutrazol and especially paclobutrazol with 15 % (v/v) coconut water. However further experimentation is required to evaluate the dose-response and the interaction between coconut water and paclobutrazol. In contrast, no significant difference in leaf width in all treatments.
ABSTRACT: The Study was undertaken with an objective to develop a protocol for micropropagation of Pongamia pinnata pierre through shoot apex segments shoot of 0.5 to 1.0 cm were collected and used as a explant. The treatment of 1.0 NaOCl (Sodium hypochloride) (W/v) solution 1 minute to 10 minute time duration. These treated explant washed trice with double distilled water and cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog) medium. In this experiment auxin 2, 4-D, NAA and cytokinin BAP, Kinetin were used for optimization of maximum callus induction.
Shoot apex explant culturing callus induction maximum callus is produced when MS medium with 3.0 mg/l, 2, 4-D and BAP 0.5 mg/l, the optimized physical condition has to be maintain throughout the experiment. In this study about 30 to 35% mature sotmatic embryos germinated after sub culture from shoot apex. Different concentration and combination of NAA, IAA, IBA and BAP were used to inducted rooting on MS based medium. When the hight in vitro shoot, were reached up to 8 cm with healthy shooted roots, the plants were ready for hardening. The complete protocol for somatic embryogenesis, shoot induction, root induction up to hardening.
ABSTRACT- This research evaluated the phytotoxic effect of the hexane (H.E), ethyl acetate (EtOAc.E) and methanolic (MeOH.E) crude extracts of the Tephrosia cinerea leaves on the seed germination of seeds using two weed species, Mimosa pudica (Malícia) and Senna obtusifolia (Mata-pasto), as test plants. The compounds were isolated using classic chromatography techniques and the structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by 1H and 13C NMR (1D and 2D) techniques. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of T. cinerea were the most active, as they inhibited the germination of seeds in 92.0% and 81.0% respectively of malícia and mata-pasto, the ethyl acetate extract inhibited germination by 81.0% and the methanolic extract by 32.0%. The chemical study led to isolation of cinnamic acid and rotenone from the ethyl acetate extract, and mixture containing triacylglycerol and β-sitosterol fatty acids from the hexane extract and the disaccharide trehalose from methanolic extract.
Key-words- Invasive species, Phytotoxicity, Crude extracts, Rotenone
Controlled environment system and method for rapid propagation of saba banana...Innspub Net
Conventional propagation practices of banana challenge the production of disease-free planting materials. This study evaluates the use of misting system and different plant growth enhancers, Benzyl Amino Purine at 2mg/l and Napthalene Acetic Acid at 0.93g/L, on plantlet development of Saba banana (Musa balbisiana) macropropagated under glasshouse conditions. A total of 36 corms are equally distributed in three propagators. Four growth parameters are observed and analysed using factorial in Completely Randomized Design in first generation plantlets (GP1) and second generation plantlets (GP2). Results show that the use of misting system significantly increased (p<0.01) all the growth parameters tested during the first and second cycles. The growth enhancers significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (p<0.01), (GP1, GP2) and increased the number of shoots emerged (p<0.01) (GP1, GP2), shoot collar diameter (p<0.01) (GP1) (p<0.05) (GP2), and total leaf area (p<0.05) (GP1) (p<0.01) (GP2). The interaction of the two factors has significantly shortened the number of days to emergence (P ≤ 0.05), produced the most number of shoots (P ≤ 0.01) and the largest total leaf area (P ≤ 0.05) in GP2. The findings suggest that the combined use of misting system and plant growth enhancers accelerates the growth of macropropagated Saba banana.
This research article summarizes the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Nepenthes khasiana. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that spherical and triangular shaped gold nanoparticles were produced between 50-80 nm in size. The gold nanoparticles demonstrated antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Determination of Suitable Cutting Size for Vegetative Propagation of Jatropha...ZY8
This study evaluated different stem cutting sizes for vegetative propagation of Jatropha curcas without rooting hormones. Cuttings of three lengths (20, 30, 40 cm) and four thicknesses (1.5-2 cm, 2-2.5 cm, 2.5-3 cm, 3-3.5 cm) were tested. The 40 cm long by 2.5-3 cm thick cuttings showed the highest survival rate (68%), most leaves (26.33), longest roots (22.35 cm), and greatest root volume, fresh weight, and dry weight. These cuttings performed best for vegetative propagation. Seed propagation resulted in taller plants with more branches, but cuttings flowered four
GC-MS Analysis of Bio-Active Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Boerhaavia Diffu...ijtsrd
Medicinal plants have had a crucial role in human culture and civilization. The present study deals with the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy analysis of Boerhaavia diffusa, Euphorbia hirta and Amaranthus polygonoides, which have various medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize the chemical composition of the different crude aqueous extracts of these plant samples using PerkinElmer Gas Chromatography'Mass Spectrometry. Our results show that the compounds in the extract revealed by GC MS were the same as recorded in the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST library. The identity and quantity of the measured active compounds was correlated with the expected therapeutic effects. The content of active principles was determined. The quantity of the active principles in the plants was also determined. R. Ezhilarasi | Dr. B. Senthilkumar | Dr. K. Devi "GC-MS Analysis of Bio-Active Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Boerhaavia Diffusa, Euphorbia Hirta and Amaranthus Polygonoides" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29436.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/29436/gc-ms-analysis-of-bio-active-compounds-in-aqueous-extract-of-boerhaavia-diffusa-euphorbia-hirta-and-amaranthus-polygonoides/r-ezhilarasi
This document analyzes heavy metal contents in three Malawian medicinal plants - Vernonia glabra leaves, Trichodesma zeylanicum roots, and Securidaca longepedunculata roots. Samples were digested and analyzed using a microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. The study found:
1) Highest metal concentrations were iron in S. longepedunculata (42.47 ppm), magnesium in T. zeylanicum (21.03 ppm), and iron in V. glabra (13.89 ppm).
2) Metal levels in all three plants were within WHO limits except S. longepedunculata, which
Effect of Oryzalin on Growth of Anthurium andraeanum In Vitrodrboon
Apical shoots and lateral buds of Anthurium andraeanum about 0.5 cm grew very well when cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA, kinetin, sucrose and gelrite. When brought young plantlets (the same sized) of A. andraeanum soaked in various concentrations of oryzalin with different duration times. The A. andraeanum plantlets were subcultured into the same medium every 4 weeks for 3 times. It was found that 5.0 mg/l oryzalin with 24 and 72 hours gave the best average number of leaves per bunch, plant height and diameter of bunch. These parameters were reverse proportion, when increased concentration of oryzalin, the growth rate in each parameter was decreased with thick and pale green leaves.
This document describes a new species of Rhododendron found in the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China. Morphologically, Rhododendron baihuaense can be distinguished from related species by its absent scales on mature leaves, 2-5 flowers per inflorescence, funnel-shaped white corollas, and slender erect styles. Molecular analysis of DNA barcoding regions supports R. baihuaense as genetically distinct from close relatives. Both morphological and genetic evidence demonstrate this represents a new species, Rhododendron baihuaense, endemic to Yunnan.
Fungi in the Built Environment is a document that discusses the following in 3 sentences:
1) Fungi are diverse and found in many forms and ecosystems, including pathogens of plants and animals as well as mutualistic partners of plants and algae.
2) The number of known fungal species is around 69,000 but the estimated total number of fungal species worldwide is 1.5 million, highlighting the vast diversity still left to discover.
3) Advances in fungal genomics through projects like the 1000 Fungal Genomes Project are helping to address phylogenetic diversity and discover previously unknown fungi through sequencing hundreds of fungal genomes.
Potential of Benzyl Adenine, Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Sucrose Concentratio...drboon
This document summarizes the results of an experiment on the growth, development, and regeneration of shoots and cormels (storage organs) in Gladiolus using different concentrations of plant growth regulators benzyl adenine (BA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and sucrose. The highest average number of plantlets was obtained by culturing explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-0.5 mg/l BA and 3% sucrose. MS medium without added BA or kinetin but with 3-4% sucrose gave the tallest plantlets. Culturing regenerated plantlets on medium with 0.1-0.5 mg/l NAA and 3% sucrose produced the highest average
Effect of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa ac...IJERA Editor
The current work investigates the effects of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa accuminata) pseudo-stem fiber. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was varied from 0.75M to 1.5M, treatment temperature from 80°C to 110°C and treatment time from 60 to 180 minutes. The fibers exhibited a continuous strain hardening on loading, the rate of which decreased with increasing NaOH concentration, treatment time and treatment temperature. An increase in NaOH concentration at constant treatment time and temperature had a degrading effect on the fiber’s breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Similarly, an increase in treatment time at a constant NaOH concentration and treatment temperature, reduced fiber’s breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Degumming of banana fibers at a NaOH concentration of 1M at 90°C for 90 minutes gave a good compromise between breaking tenacity and breaking extension.
A simple rp hplc method for simultaneous analysis of pseudoephedrine, bambute...ijsidonlineinfo
This document describes the development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of Pseudoephedrine, Bambuterol, Levocetirizine, and Montelukast in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method uses a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase of buffer and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The compounds were well separated with retention times between 4.1-21.1 minutes. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness according to ICH guidelines and is suitable for quality control of these drugs in tablets and other dosage forms.
IRJET- Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized using Ficus Re...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Ficus religiosa plant leaf extract. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by adding Ficus religiosa leaf extract to silver nitrate solution, indicated by a color change from green to brown. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM analysis. UV-visible spectroscopy showed a peak at 424nm confirming nanoparticle synthesis. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups that may stabilize the nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed the nanoparticles were spherical in morphology.
This document summarizes a study on the formation and microanalysis of struvite urinary calculi (kidney stones). The researchers grew struvite crystals using a single diffusion gel growth technique. They studied the effect of various herbal drugs commonly used to treat diabetes on the crystallization of struvite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermal analysis were used to analyze the elemental composition, microstructure, and properties of the grown crystals. The addition of certain herbal drugs was found to significantly change the formation of struvite crystals.
Towards better tools for fungal environmental metagenomicsJason Stajich
This document discusses tools and methods for studying fungi in environmental metagenomics. It acknowledges collaborators and funding sources. It then discusses how molecular techniques have improved the study of microbes in the environment compared to culture-based methods, allowing examination of diversity beyond just culturable organisms. Efforts to develop standards for studying bacteria and archaea with sequencing are noted. The document focuses on improving methods to study fungi in environmental samples.
General View of Korea Genebank(NAC) and its activities,Current status of Germplasm holdings in NAC(National Agrobiodiversity Center),Integrated PGR Management System,Current Research Activities
The study investigated the effect of nano-bio interfaces on the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. It found that the medium which elicited the smallest nanoparticle agglomerates (KF medium containing serum proteins) was associated with the highest cellular uptake, micronuclei formation, and percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, DNA damage occurred regardless of agglomeration or uptake. The results suggest that inhalation exposure may not cause chromosomal damage in lung cells, but ingestion exposing nanoparticles to serum proteins could lower agglomeration and induce micronuclei formation.
1. The document discusses various methods of purifying or detoxifying Kuchala seeds (Strychnos nux-vomica seeds), including soaking in cow's urine, boiling in cow's milk, and frying in cow's ghee.
2. Studies have found that detoxification methods like these can significantly reduce the toxicity of the seeds by decreasing their total alkaloid content by up to 96.68%.
3. Toxicity testing on mice found that detoxified samples required much higher doses to cause mortality compared to unprocessed seeds, demonstrating that traditional Ayurvedic purification techniques can effectively remove toxins from poisonous plants like Kuchala.
This document describes research into the microbial synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using Saccharomyces boulardii and evaluation of the anticancer activity of the synthesized platinum nanoparticles. Key findings include:
1) Platinum nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the cell free extract of S. boulardii when reacted with chloroplatinic acid.
2) Various parameters like metal salt concentration, temperature, cellmass concentration, pH, and reaction time were optimized to control the yield and properties of the synthesized nanoparticles.
3) The synthesized platinum nanoparticles showed anticancer activity against A431 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values between 57-100 μg/ml, indicating potential for use as an antic
The document discusses an internship involving molecular studies and phytochemical analysis of plants. It describes extracting DNA from Zinnia plants using the CTAB method with varying protocols, and performing phytochemical tests on Aloe vera to detect various compounds. The intern acknowledges those who assisted with the project. Tables of contents and introduction are provided on Zinnia, DNA extraction, CTAB method, Aloe vera, and the phytochemicals to be tested.
Extraction of photosynthetic pigments from different parts of the plants and ...Mithil Fal Desai
1) The experiment aims to extract photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll from different plant parts and identify them by their absorption wavelengths.
2) Chlorophyll a absorbs maximally at 430nm and chlorophyll b at 625nm. Plant samples are ground in acetone or ethanol and their absorbances measured.
3) Absorption values will be highest in leaves, indicating they contain the most chlorophyll for harvesting solar energy through photosynthesis.
This document provides a biodata for Dr. V. Koteswara Rao which includes his personal details, educational qualifications, areas of specialization, research experience, publications, conferences attended, and awards received. Some key details are:
- Dr. Rao is currently a Post Doctoral Fellow in the Department of Microbiology at Kakatiya University in Warangal, India.
- His educational qualifications include a B.Sc, M.Sc, and Ph.D from Kakatiya University.
- His specialization and research is in the area of microbiology with a focus on mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins.
- He has
6-IJABR-Ant Actino soil smpls satara agnst human patho-IJABR_V6(2)188-194Ravindragouda Patil
The document describes a study that isolated actinomycetes from soil samples in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. Of the 58 actinomycetes isolated, 12 (20.69%) showed inhibitory activity against E. coli in preliminary screening. Soil from Koyna river bank yielded more antagonistic actinomycetes (27.27%) than soil from a sugar factory effluent site (12%). The nine most active isolates were further tested against nine human pathogens. Isolate KY-33 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against all pathogens. KY-33 was identified as Streptomyces based on chemotaxonomic analysis. The results suggest soil with high organic matter and C:
1. The document discusses various molecular techniques used in nematode systematics, including nucleic acid extraction, amplification via PCR, restriction fragment analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and nucleotide sequencing.
2. Restriction fragment analysis techniques like RFLP, AFLP, and RAPD involve fragmenting DNA with restriction enzymes and comparing fragment patterns to determine relationships between taxa.
3. DNA-DNA hybridization and nucleotide sequencing provide more precise data for constructing phylogenetic trees and understanding evolutionary relationships between nematode species.
este trabajo se basa en la evolución y en características fundamentales de los routers, en este trabajo mencionamos mas que nada los Routers Cisco // This work is based on the evolution and key characteristics of the routers mentioned in this work more than anything Cisco Routers
Este documento contiene información sobre varios temas de la comunidad de Belén de Umbría, incluyendo perfiles de personas destacadas, eventos culturales y comunitarios, y descripciones de veredas y personajes rurales. Se divide la sección de "El recorrido de las cuatro" para presentar las características de cada una de las veredas que componen el municipio de Belén de Umbría. También incluye secciones de editorial, crónicas, cultura y microempresas.
GC-MS Analysis of Bio-Active Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Boerhaavia Diffu...ijtsrd
Medicinal plants have had a crucial role in human culture and civilization. The present study deals with the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy analysis of Boerhaavia diffusa, Euphorbia hirta and Amaranthus polygonoides, which have various medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize the chemical composition of the different crude aqueous extracts of these plant samples using PerkinElmer Gas Chromatography'Mass Spectrometry. Our results show that the compounds in the extract revealed by GC MS were the same as recorded in the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST library. The identity and quantity of the measured active compounds was correlated with the expected therapeutic effects. The content of active principles was determined. The quantity of the active principles in the plants was also determined. R. Ezhilarasi | Dr. B. Senthilkumar | Dr. K. Devi "GC-MS Analysis of Bio-Active Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Boerhaavia Diffusa, Euphorbia Hirta and Amaranthus Polygonoides" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29436.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/29436/gc-ms-analysis-of-bio-active-compounds-in-aqueous-extract-of-boerhaavia-diffusa-euphorbia-hirta-and-amaranthus-polygonoides/r-ezhilarasi
This document analyzes heavy metal contents in three Malawian medicinal plants - Vernonia glabra leaves, Trichodesma zeylanicum roots, and Securidaca longepedunculata roots. Samples were digested and analyzed using a microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. The study found:
1) Highest metal concentrations were iron in S. longepedunculata (42.47 ppm), magnesium in T. zeylanicum (21.03 ppm), and iron in V. glabra (13.89 ppm).
2) Metal levels in all three plants were within WHO limits except S. longepedunculata, which
Effect of Oryzalin on Growth of Anthurium andraeanum In Vitrodrboon
Apical shoots and lateral buds of Anthurium andraeanum about 0.5 cm grew very well when cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA, kinetin, sucrose and gelrite. When brought young plantlets (the same sized) of A. andraeanum soaked in various concentrations of oryzalin with different duration times. The A. andraeanum plantlets were subcultured into the same medium every 4 weeks for 3 times. It was found that 5.0 mg/l oryzalin with 24 and 72 hours gave the best average number of leaves per bunch, plant height and diameter of bunch. These parameters were reverse proportion, when increased concentration of oryzalin, the growth rate in each parameter was decreased with thick and pale green leaves.
This document describes a new species of Rhododendron found in the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China. Morphologically, Rhododendron baihuaense can be distinguished from related species by its absent scales on mature leaves, 2-5 flowers per inflorescence, funnel-shaped white corollas, and slender erect styles. Molecular analysis of DNA barcoding regions supports R. baihuaense as genetically distinct from close relatives. Both morphological and genetic evidence demonstrate this represents a new species, Rhododendron baihuaense, endemic to Yunnan.
Fungi in the Built Environment is a document that discusses the following in 3 sentences:
1) Fungi are diverse and found in many forms and ecosystems, including pathogens of plants and animals as well as mutualistic partners of plants and algae.
2) The number of known fungal species is around 69,000 but the estimated total number of fungal species worldwide is 1.5 million, highlighting the vast diversity still left to discover.
3) Advances in fungal genomics through projects like the 1000 Fungal Genomes Project are helping to address phylogenetic diversity and discover previously unknown fungi through sequencing hundreds of fungal genomes.
Potential of Benzyl Adenine, Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Sucrose Concentratio...drboon
This document summarizes the results of an experiment on the growth, development, and regeneration of shoots and cormels (storage organs) in Gladiolus using different concentrations of plant growth regulators benzyl adenine (BA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and sucrose. The highest average number of plantlets was obtained by culturing explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-0.5 mg/l BA and 3% sucrose. MS medium without added BA or kinetin but with 3-4% sucrose gave the tallest plantlets. Culturing regenerated plantlets on medium with 0.1-0.5 mg/l NAA and 3% sucrose produced the highest average
Effect of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa ac...IJERA Editor
The current work investigates the effects of degumming conditions on the deformation behavior of banana (Musa accuminata) pseudo-stem fiber. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration was varied from 0.75M to 1.5M, treatment temperature from 80°C to 110°C and treatment time from 60 to 180 minutes. The fibers exhibited a continuous strain hardening on loading, the rate of which decreased with increasing NaOH concentration, treatment time and treatment temperature. An increase in NaOH concentration at constant treatment time and temperature had a degrading effect on the fiber’s breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Similarly, an increase in treatment time at a constant NaOH concentration and treatment temperature, reduced fiber’s breaking tenacity and breaking extension. Degumming of banana fibers at a NaOH concentration of 1M at 90°C for 90 minutes gave a good compromise between breaking tenacity and breaking extension.
A simple rp hplc method for simultaneous analysis of pseudoephedrine, bambute...ijsidonlineinfo
This document describes the development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of Pseudoephedrine, Bambuterol, Levocetirizine, and Montelukast in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method uses a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase of buffer and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The compounds were well separated with retention times between 4.1-21.1 minutes. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness according to ICH guidelines and is suitable for quality control of these drugs in tablets and other dosage forms.
IRJET- Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized using Ficus Re...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Ficus religiosa plant leaf extract. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by adding Ficus religiosa leaf extract to silver nitrate solution, indicated by a color change from green to brown. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM analysis. UV-visible spectroscopy showed a peak at 424nm confirming nanoparticle synthesis. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups that may stabilize the nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed the nanoparticles were spherical in morphology.
This document summarizes a study on the formation and microanalysis of struvite urinary calculi (kidney stones). The researchers grew struvite crystals using a single diffusion gel growth technique. They studied the effect of various herbal drugs commonly used to treat diabetes on the crystallization of struvite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermal analysis were used to analyze the elemental composition, microstructure, and properties of the grown crystals. The addition of certain herbal drugs was found to significantly change the formation of struvite crystals.
Towards better tools for fungal environmental metagenomicsJason Stajich
This document discusses tools and methods for studying fungi in environmental metagenomics. It acknowledges collaborators and funding sources. It then discusses how molecular techniques have improved the study of microbes in the environment compared to culture-based methods, allowing examination of diversity beyond just culturable organisms. Efforts to develop standards for studying bacteria and archaea with sequencing are noted. The document focuses on improving methods to study fungi in environmental samples.
General View of Korea Genebank(NAC) and its activities,Current status of Germplasm holdings in NAC(National Agrobiodiversity Center),Integrated PGR Management System,Current Research Activities
The study investigated the effect of nano-bio interfaces on the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. It found that the medium which elicited the smallest nanoparticle agglomerates (KF medium containing serum proteins) was associated with the highest cellular uptake, micronuclei formation, and percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, DNA damage occurred regardless of agglomeration or uptake. The results suggest that inhalation exposure may not cause chromosomal damage in lung cells, but ingestion exposing nanoparticles to serum proteins could lower agglomeration and induce micronuclei formation.
1. The document discusses various methods of purifying or detoxifying Kuchala seeds (Strychnos nux-vomica seeds), including soaking in cow's urine, boiling in cow's milk, and frying in cow's ghee.
2. Studies have found that detoxification methods like these can significantly reduce the toxicity of the seeds by decreasing their total alkaloid content by up to 96.68%.
3. Toxicity testing on mice found that detoxified samples required much higher doses to cause mortality compared to unprocessed seeds, demonstrating that traditional Ayurvedic purification techniques can effectively remove toxins from poisonous plants like Kuchala.
This document describes research into the microbial synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using Saccharomyces boulardii and evaluation of the anticancer activity of the synthesized platinum nanoparticles. Key findings include:
1) Platinum nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the cell free extract of S. boulardii when reacted with chloroplatinic acid.
2) Various parameters like metal salt concentration, temperature, cellmass concentration, pH, and reaction time were optimized to control the yield and properties of the synthesized nanoparticles.
3) The synthesized platinum nanoparticles showed anticancer activity against A431 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values between 57-100 μg/ml, indicating potential for use as an antic
The document discusses an internship involving molecular studies and phytochemical analysis of plants. It describes extracting DNA from Zinnia plants using the CTAB method with varying protocols, and performing phytochemical tests on Aloe vera to detect various compounds. The intern acknowledges those who assisted with the project. Tables of contents and introduction are provided on Zinnia, DNA extraction, CTAB method, Aloe vera, and the phytochemicals to be tested.
Extraction of photosynthetic pigments from different parts of the plants and ...Mithil Fal Desai
1) The experiment aims to extract photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll from different plant parts and identify them by their absorption wavelengths.
2) Chlorophyll a absorbs maximally at 430nm and chlorophyll b at 625nm. Plant samples are ground in acetone or ethanol and their absorbances measured.
3) Absorption values will be highest in leaves, indicating they contain the most chlorophyll for harvesting solar energy through photosynthesis.
This document provides a biodata for Dr. V. Koteswara Rao which includes his personal details, educational qualifications, areas of specialization, research experience, publications, conferences attended, and awards received. Some key details are:
- Dr. Rao is currently a Post Doctoral Fellow in the Department of Microbiology at Kakatiya University in Warangal, India.
- His educational qualifications include a B.Sc, M.Sc, and Ph.D from Kakatiya University.
- His specialization and research is in the area of microbiology with a focus on mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins.
- He has
6-IJABR-Ant Actino soil smpls satara agnst human patho-IJABR_V6(2)188-194Ravindragouda Patil
The document describes a study that isolated actinomycetes from soil samples in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. Of the 58 actinomycetes isolated, 12 (20.69%) showed inhibitory activity against E. coli in preliminary screening. Soil from Koyna river bank yielded more antagonistic actinomycetes (27.27%) than soil from a sugar factory effluent site (12%). The nine most active isolates were further tested against nine human pathogens. Isolate KY-33 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against all pathogens. KY-33 was identified as Streptomyces based on chemotaxonomic analysis. The results suggest soil with high organic matter and C:
1. The document discusses various molecular techniques used in nematode systematics, including nucleic acid extraction, amplification via PCR, restriction fragment analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and nucleotide sequencing.
2. Restriction fragment analysis techniques like RFLP, AFLP, and RAPD involve fragmenting DNA with restriction enzymes and comparing fragment patterns to determine relationships between taxa.
3. DNA-DNA hybridization and nucleotide sequencing provide more precise data for constructing phylogenetic trees and understanding evolutionary relationships between nematode species.
este trabajo se basa en la evolución y en características fundamentales de los routers, en este trabajo mencionamos mas que nada los Routers Cisco // This work is based on the evolution and key characteristics of the routers mentioned in this work more than anything Cisco Routers
Este documento contiene información sobre varios temas de la comunidad de Belén de Umbría, incluyendo perfiles de personas destacadas, eventos culturales y comunitarios, y descripciones de veredas y personajes rurales. Se divide la sección de "El recorrido de las cuatro" para presentar las características de cada una de las veredas que componen el municipio de Belén de Umbría. También incluye secciones de editorial, crónicas, cultura y microempresas.
Tutorial para realizar compras a través de eBay.
Explicación paso a paso y aporte de algunos tips para evitar inconvenientes con las compras y realizarlas de una manera más segura y confiable
Este documento presenta 10 herramientas tecnológicas útiles para educadores y sus usos potenciales en el aula. Estas herramientas incluyen wikis, SlideShare, Prezi, blip.tv, Jamendo, Scribd, Dropbox y Twitter. Cada herramienta se describe brevemente con ejemplos de cómo podrían usarse para compartir recursos, colaborar en proyectos, presentar información y comunicarse sobre temas educativos. El documento concluye con referencias bibliográficas relacionadas.
This document provides an overview of starting an SPC (Statistical Process Control) project. It discusses common challenges faced when implementing SPC, such as negative perceptions. It emphasizes having a structured plan for an SPC project, including developing a business case, gaining senior management support, defining strategies and KPIs, conducting training, and planning pilot projects. Future posts will expand on each step, such as quantifying benefits for the business case and selecting a strong senior champion to guide the project.
Virtual Receptionist - An IVRS call forwarding solutions to helps businesses never miss a call.
- Replaces the need of a Human receptionist
- Cuts down costs
- Its available 24*7
Tras la Revolución de Octubre de 1917, se creó la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS) en 1922, que se convirtió en una gran potencia industrial bajo el régimen totalitario de Stalin. Aunque la desestalinización comenzó tras su muerte en 1953, la economía soviética enfrentaba graves problemas que llevaron a las reformas de perestroika y glasnost bajo Gorbachov en la década de 1980. Esto, junto con el colapso de los regímenes comunistas en Europa del Este,
Este documento resume la historia de Daniele Besana, quien dejó su trabajo estable en Holanda para convertirse en un nómada digital. Trabajó durante 12 años para una empresa estadounidense en Holanda, pero a los 31 años sintió la necesidad de un cambio. Ahora trabaja como consultor de WordPress y dueño de varias páginas web, lo que le permite viajar por el mundo y pasar más tiempo con su familia en Italia.
Este documento resume las normas para la Fase de Sector del Campeonato de España de Judo Absoluto de 2015. Se divide España en tres sectores - este, oeste y centro - y se designan las federaciones autonómicas y sedes responsables de organizar cada sector. Se explican detalles como fechas, horarios de pesaje y competición, sistema de competición, premios y envío de resultados.
Este documento presenta los servicios de marketing y comunicación ofrecidos por la agencia Factoría de Marketing. La agencia implementa estrategias de marketing 360 grados que combinan acciones tradicionales y digitales. Ofrece servicios de marketing offline y online, así como servicios de comunicación. Algunos de sus clientes incluyen empresas como Princesa de Sal y Cala Palmera.
This document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. It defines oxidation as losing electrons and reduction as gaining electrons. Oxidation and reduction always occur together, with one substance being oxidized as it loses electrons and the other being reduced as it gains electrons. The substance being oxidized is the reducing agent and the substance being reduced is the oxidizing agent. Corrosion occurs through redox reactions as metals like iron are oxidized, forming metal oxide compounds.
Presentación creada por Grupo i68 para la Conferencia Software4Manufacturers para España y Latino América sobre su solución Izaro APS, Planificador Avanzado de la Producción.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para obtener documentos legales y realizar trámites en línea de forma gratuita. Explica cómo obtener un certificado de antecedentes judiciales en la página web de la Policía Nacional de Colombia. También describe los pasos para descargar un certificado de antecedentes de responsabilidad fiscal de la página de la Procuraduría General de la Nación y para consultar el puntaje Sisbén. Finalmente, brinda instrucciones para reportar la pérdida de documentos a través de la página de la Polic
Musculoskeletal Masqeuraders - Rolling the 'Clinical Dice'Steve Nawoor
I recently delivered this presentation on 'MSK Masqueraders' at the National Exhibition Center (NEC) in Birmingham for the 2015 Therapy Expo conference.
Basically this was a brief insight and overview of MSK Masqueraders and the impact on clinical practice. The context of each slide was expanded during the conference session and hopefully the presentation below gives you a flavour of the topics I covered. Be mindful that this presentation is a snippet of what I would usually cover so, is not a complete overview of the topic of Masqueraders, which is a challenging area of clinical practice.
Having knowledge of conditions that can masquerade as MSK pathology is a key aspect of the physiotherapist’s clinical development. More and more roles and opportunities are arising where we are responsible for first line assessment and care, which means we must have an ability to screen effectively, systematically and understand when the patient is presenting with symptoms that don't quite fit with an MSK presentation.
Index of suspicion, pattern recognition and understanding when and how to streamline you assessment to ascertain clarity on the next steps for a patient that you are concerned about can be challenging but is vital.
Twitter Handle: @stevenawoor
El documento describe un software ganadero llamado BIODATOS que permite el registro y almacenamiento de datos de producción y registros genéticos de ganado para aumentar la rentabilidad de las empresas ganaderas en el norte de Antioquia. El software cuesta entre $500.000 y $600.000 pesos colombianos y se vende por $1.200.000 pesos anuales con actualizaciones. Un equipo de 4 tecnólogos, 2 diseñadores web, 2 técnicos y 5 asesores de ventas y asistencia apoyarán el desar
Encuentra frases para enamorar, frases cortas de amor y piropos de amor. Utiliza estos recursos para conquistar a una chica. Dedica mensajes de amor y frases romanticas
Curso Contabilidad Contaplus Academia UseroIES Kursaal
Este documento proporciona una introducción a la contabilidad. Explica que la contabilidad es un sistema que suministra información fundamental para la toma de decisiones empresariales. Detalla los libros diario y mayor, que son herramientas clave para registrar transacciones de una manera ordenada y clasificada. Finalmente, describe los conceptos básicos de partida doble y saldos de cuentas.
Morphological Change Due to Effects of Acute Gamma Ray on Wishbone Flower (To...drboon
Young shoot tips were used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations of (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l) BA and (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l) NAA. Calli and new shoots were grown on MS medium supplemented with combination of 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA. New shoots averaging 0.5–0.8 cm were irradiated with varying doses of gamma rays (5, 10, 15, 20 grays). Gamma irradiation had various effects on growth of Torenia fournieri. Higher dosage of gamma irradiation reduced plant height, number of roots, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and number of guard cells at abaxial and adaxial epidermis surface. Plant morphology and flower development was also modified.
Role of 2,4-D on Callus Induction and Shoot Formation to Increase Number of S...drboon
Stem node of Miniature Rose with axillary bud were used as explants. These explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D. It was found that MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D gave the highest number of green callus. The callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of NAA and BA to form new shoot and root. From the result, we are able to find the highest number of young shoots that were induced from callus when cultured callus on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA. When subcultured all new shoots with the same size to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BA, and 2,4- D for six weeks. The result was significant difference (P≤0.5) when compared the average height of plant and percentage of root formation, but their duration time for flowering were not significant different.
1. The document describes the development of a micropropagation protocol for Bacopa monnieri using different concentrations of the growth regulators BAP and NAA. Nodes from the plant were used as explants.
2. MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L BAP and 1mg/L NAA produced the best results for shoot formation. Rooting was achieved using 1mg/L IBA.
3. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phytochemicals like phyllabatannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, and amino acids in both micropropagated and control plants.
4. The protocol was able to rapidly multiply Bacopa monnier
Propagation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by tissue culture Abdul Hakim Salehi
Seminar Presented by Abdul Hakim Salehi,
Sr. MSc.(Hort) Fruit Science Department
College of Horticulture Bengaluru,
University of Horticultural Sciences Bagalkot
Types of Media for Seeds Germination and Effect of BA on Mass Propagation of ...drboon
Half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1% activated charcoal was the most effective medium for germinating Nepenthes mirabilis seeds, with 87.57% germination. Shoot tips cultured on half strength MS medium with 2.0 mg/l BA showed the best growth results, with an average height of 1.3 cm. Some shoots cultured in this medium formed calluses at their bases, and proliferated an average of 4.2 new shoots. Half strength MS medium with 3.0 mg/l BA induced the highest percentage of callus formation, at 50%.
Callogenesis and Organogenesis from Inflorescence Segments of Curcuma Alismat...drboon
This document summarizes research on callogenesis and organogenesis from inflorescence segments of two Curcuma plant species. The main points are:
1) Somatic embryos were induced from young inflorescences of both plant species when cultured in darkness on medium with various concentrations of 2,4-D, with the highest growth occurring on medium with 14 mg/l 2,4-D.
2) When these somatic embryos were cultured on medium with different sugar types to induce shoot organogenesis, the highest percentage of new shoot formation was achieved using 0.25 g/l maltose medium for both plant species.
3) The research aims to develop an efficient method for clonal
Multiple shoot induction from the nodal cultures of teasle gourd (Mo...INNS PUBNET
This study developed a protocol for inducing multiple shoots from nodal explants of teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.). Nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and L-Glutamic acid. The highest shoot proliferation was achieved on medium with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L L-Glutamic acid, producing an average of 12 shoots per explant. Subculturing nodal segments on this medium continued shoot proliferation for over 6 months. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L indole-3-but
IRJET- Regeneration studies in chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.)IRJET Journal
This study investigated regeneration in four chickpea varieties using mature embryo axes on MS and B5 media supplemented
with plant growth hormones. The varieties Vijay and Vishal showed 100% regeneration capacity on medium M3 (B5+BAP+NAA+Kinetin).
Regeneration started within 11-16 days depending on the variety and medium. There was variation in number of shoots produced
per explant. Profuse rooting occurred on media with 0.5-1.0 mg/L IBA. The protocol provides an efficient method for chickpea
regeneration that could enable genetic transformation.
1. The document reports on developing a micropropagation protocol for Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi).
2. Various tissue culture techniques were tested, including callus culture and meristem culture, to optimize shoot initiation and proliferation using different concentrations of BAP and TDZ.
3. The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 2% BAP produced the highest number and length of shoots, making it the most effective treatment for shoot multiplication.
This training report summarizes studies on micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella conducted at CSIR-IIIM. Key findings include:
1) The best growth medium for shoot induction from nodal explants was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP, inducing 83.3% shoot formation with 3.2 shoots per explant.
2) Direct shoot regeneration was observed from leaf explants on medium with 2 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L NAA, inducing 40% regeneration with 0.54 shoots per explant.
3) DNA was successfully isolated from Spilanthes acmella leaves using the Doyle and Doyle method and visualized via gel
In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).TAJNE SACHIN
1: In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).
2: About Okra Plant.
3: Application of Tissue culture in Okra.
4: Objective.
5: Material and Method.
6: Methodology.
7: Treatment schedule.
8: Result of Program
9: Conclusion
10:References
1) The document describes methods for micropropagating date palm and guava plants through tissue culture techniques. It provides details on direct organogenesis for date palm propagation and somatic embryogenesis for guava propagation.
2) For date palms, methods are described for initiation, multiplication, elongation, rooting, and acclimatization stages. The optimal conditions found were 2 mg/L 2iP plus 1 mg/L BA for initiation, 4 mg/L 2iP with 2 mg/L BA and 1 mg/L NAA for multiplication, 0.5 mg/L GA3 for elongation, and 0.5 mg/L NAA for rooting.
3) For guava, the
This document summarizes research on in vitro propagation of the medicinal plant Cocculus orbiculatus through cultivation from leaf explants. The study found that MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of BAP was optimal for inducing shoots directly from leaf explants. Combinations of BAP and adenine sulfate resulted in increased multiple shoot formation. The highest number of shoots was observed with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 5 mg/L adenine sulfate. The protocol established a reliable method for rapid multiple shoot induction and propagation of C. orbiculatus using leaf explants, cytokinins and adenine sulfate.
Toxic Effect of Paracetamol on Mitotic Index of Onion Root TipYogeshIJTSRD
The document summarizes a study on the toxic effects of paracetamol on the mitotic index of onion root tip cells. The researchers investigated three different concentrations of paracetamol (0.5 ml, 0.25 ml, 0.125 ml) over 72 hours. They found that while the percentages of total dividing cells were similar to the control, paracetamol induced various abnormalities in cell division, including binucleated cells and anomalies in phases of mitosis. However, paracetamol did not significantly affect the overall mitotic index. Therefore, the study suggests that paracetamol has cytotoxic effects but does not strongly impact the mitotic index of onion root tip cells.
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration and Rooting of Piper Longum L.: A valuable Medici...AnuragSingh1049
Piper longum L (Long pepper), of family Piperaceae, is an important medicinal plant in Sri Lanka. Cultivation of Piper longum L. till recently was not very common and still it is extensively collected from the wild owing to the increasing demand from the pharmaceutical industry, threatening the very existence of the plant. Poor seed viability and low germination, scanty and delayed rooting of vegetative cuttings restrict its propagation through sexual and vegetative propagation methods indicating a need of alternative approaches such as in vitro techniques for large scale propagation of this medicinally important plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop an effective in vitro propagation protocol for Long pepper using nodal segments as ex plants, obtained from a shade house grown mature plant. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used throughout the experiment. For shoot proliferation, MS medium supplemented with combination of 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Kinetin (KIN) and different levels of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. In vitro rooting was achieved to 50% strength MS basal medium containing 1mg/L. The highest frequency of multiple shoot regeneration, that is 87.5% and the maximum number of, 36-40 shoots/ex plants in one sub culture (within 8 weeks after inoculation) were observed in MS media containing BAP (3 mg/L), KIN (0.5mg/L) and NAA (0.2mg/L). The maximum number of roots (6-8 per plantlet) were obtained in 50% MS basal medium + glucose (15 g/L) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/ L) and gelled with 0.8% (w/v) agar supplemented with NAA (1 mg/L). In vitro rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized in the shade house conditions. Therefore, it is possible to deduce that the current protocol is promising for in vitro mass propagation of Piper longum L. to solve the reproduction and cultivation problem of the plant.
The document describes experiments on organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) through tissue culture techniques. It aims to optimize micropropagation and determine genetic fidelity of regenerants. For organogenesis, hypocotyl explants resulted in callus formation while cotyledonary leaf explants led to shoot regeneration. The best medium for this was MS supplemented with auxins, cytokinins and adenine. Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from hypocotyl and cotyledonary leaf explants, with the highest response in the cotyledonary leaf. RAPD analysis showed regenerants were genetically uniform, confirming the clonal fidelity of micropropagated plants.
Multiplication New Shoots from Embryo Culture on Globba spp.drboon
An in vitro propagation system was developed for comparison of six varieties of young globba embryos cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA. The result showed non significance Duncan’s multiple range tests. The G-75, G-52, G-08 and commercial white varieties, cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BA, gave the highest average number of new shoots.
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) M...IOSR Journals
An efficient protocol was devised for rapid callus induction and plantlet regeneration from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus. For callus induction, auxins such as 2, 4-D, IAA, NAA alone and in combination with cytokinin BAP were used. The most effective medium for callus induction and shoot regeneration was M S medium fortified with 8mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA, on which multiple shoots were obtained after 15 days of callus induction. All the in vitro raised shoots with length of 3-5 cm were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA. The best rooting response was observed on half strength M S liquid medium supplemented with 3mg/l IBA. The established plantlets obtained were subjected to hardening and acclimatisation by transferring to polycups containing sterile soil for 3-4 weeks and then to the field, where
85% survived to maturity
This document summarizes a study on developing an efficient micropropagation protocol for the endangered medicinal plant species Exacum bicolor. Nodal segments were used to induce axillary shoot proliferation. The highest multiplication rate of 78% was achieved using MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l GA3. Rooting was most effective using MS medium with 1.0 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l NAA, resulting in 75% of shoots developing roots. Using a hardening medium of garden soil, sand and vermiculite, 80% of regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized.
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb. (Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
Similar to Effect of BA NAA and 2,4-D on Micropropagation of Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino) (20)
11(7) 2020 ITJEMAST's published research articlesdrboon
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between positivity, positive affect, negative affect, and perceived stress among cardiac patients. The study hypothesized that perceived stress would mediate the relationship between positivity and positive/negative affect. Researchers surveyed 519 cardiac patients, assessing positivity, perceived stress, and positive/negative affect. The results found that perceived stress mediated the relationship between positive affect and positivity, as well as between negative affect and positivity. Specifically, positivity was negatively correlated with negative affect and perceived stress, while perceived stress was positively correlated with negative affect. The findings suggest that reducing stress and increasing positive emotions can help reduce negative feelings in cardiac patients.
11(4) 2020 ITJEMAST Multidisciplinary Research Articlesdrboon
Research papers 2020 Behavioral finance; Personality traits; Behavioral factors; Overconfidence bias; Locus of control; Decision-making; Biased behavior Carbon (CO2) emissions; Economic Growth; Energy consumption; Trade; ARDL Approach; Granger Causality; Energy use Pedestrian start-up time; Street crosswalk, Pedestrian traffic signals; Pedestrians traffic lights; zebra crossings; Intersection crossings Service Attributes; Relationship quality; Relationship outcomes; Banking services; Electronic Customer Relationship Management; Virtual relationships; eBanking; eCRM College town landscape; College town character; Campus community; Urban identity; College town space; Sense of a place; Public Space; University gardens; Cultural identity; Campus identity; Businesses in college towns Emotional quotient; Self-emotional appraisal; Workplace Advice Network (WAN) Centrality; Service Sector Organizations; Sociometric matrix; Interconnectivity of nodes
11(3) 2020 ITJEMAST Multidisciplinary Research Articles drboon
Non-destructive testing method Heat loss Thermal conductivity Specific heat Know-how Psychological contract breach Employees' Workplace behaviour Workplace spirituality Human resource management (HRM) Power sector Positive classroom Male teachers Classroom management system Public primary schools Private primary school Positive motivation students Quality primary education Grout rheology Construction workings High-precision lining Tunneling complex Cement slurry Reinforcement solutions Smart building systems Green architecture Green roof Green design Sustainable environmental architecture Smart energy management Architecture technology Neo-Functionalism Trade integration CPEC agreement Economic integration Regional cooperation Pak-China relations Pak-Iran relations Central Asia Republics Sino-Pakistan Agreement
11(2)2020 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Ap...drboon
Multidisciplinary Management, Journalism and Mass Communication Science (Information and Media Sciences), Political Sciences (International Affairs), Global Studies), Animal Sciences, Feeding Technology, Healthcare Management.
V8(3) 2017:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & ...drboon
Research articles published in V8(3) 2017:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies ==>
Awareness of Passive Design on Apartment Façade Designs in Putrajaya, Malaysia
127
Comparative Analysis of Low-Cost Housing Policies in Malaysia and Nigeria
139
A Study on Kevin Lynch’s Urban Design Elements: Precinct 9 East Putrajaya
153
Investigating Urban Design Elements of Bandar Baru Sentul, Kuala Lumpur
169
A Study on Sharing Home Ownership Schemes in Malaysia
183
The Impact of Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) and Glazing Type on Energy Consumption in Air-Conditioned Office Buildings
197
Competitiveness Factors of Thai Construction Industry within the AEC Context: A Qualitative Approach
209
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Effect of BA NAA and 2,4-D on Micropropagation of Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino)
1. 2012 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies.
International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies
http://TuEngr.com, http://go.to/Research
Effect of BA NAA and 2,4-D on Micropropagation
of Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino)
a* a
Anchalee Jala and Wassamon Patchpoonporn
a
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat
University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumtani, THAILAND
ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT
Article history: Shoots tips and axillary buds of Gynostemma
Received 11 May 2012
Received in revised form pentaphyllum Makino were used as explants and cultured on MS
09 July 2012 medium supplemented with 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l BA. After 12
Accepted 11 July 2012 weeks, new shoots came out and the MS medium contained with
Available online
11 July 2012 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest shoots (7.28 shoots) and their
Keywords: average height was 2.22 cm. Young leaves were used as explants
Jiaogulan; for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS supplemented
tissue culture; with vary concentration of 2,4-D ( 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/l ). After
BA; 12 weeks, explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l
NAA. 2,4-D gave the biggest callus which their average diameter were
0.9375 cm. When cultured explants of Gynostemma
pentaphyllum Makino on MS medium supplemented with
combination of (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) BA and (0.05, 0.1 and
1.0 mg/l) NAA for 12 weeks. The highest average new shoots
were induced from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA
and 0.1 mg/l NAA which was 6.8 shoots, and MS medium
supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l NAA gave the
lowest average new shoots (2.7 shoots), and the average root
length (1.8 cm). Plantlets were complete and ready for
transplanting to in vivo.
2012 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, &
Applied Sciences & Technologies.
*Corresponding author (B.Witchayangkoon). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5643001 Ext.3101. E-mail
addresses: wboonsap@gmail.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.4 ISSN 2228-9860 363
eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/363-370.pdf
2. 1. Introduction
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum, is an herbaceous vine. This therapeutic vine belongs to the
cucumber as the Cucurbitaceae family. It was found that it has disease-prevention and
therapeutic features. It contains numerous saponins (more than ginseng), trace materials,
amino acids, vitamins and proteins. It is famous for its anti-oxidant and adaptogenic effects.
Gynostemma as an adaptogen increases the body’s resistance to stress, trauma, and anxiety. It
has the unique ability of restoring homeostasis (balance and equilibrium) to all five body
systems, i.e., the cardiovascular, digestive, immune, nervous and reproductive systems. The
plant tissue culture technique plays an important role in the preservation and propagation of
germplasm (Iankova et al., 2001, Bhatia et al., 2002). This work reports the feasibility of the
utilization of tissue culture techniques to establish a protocol for micropropagation of
Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which can be a source for medicinal production.
2. Materials and Methods
Young shoot tips and axillary buds of G. pentaphyllum Mokino. were used as explants.
These explants were surface sterilized with commercial bleach 15 % (V/V) ( 5.25 % sodium
hypochlorite ) with a few drops of Teepol (surfactant) for 10 min. and 5% commercial bleach
for 10 min and soaked 3 times with sterilized distilled water for 2 min. each. After
sterilization, explants were cultured in MS medium (1962) supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0
and 3.0 mg/l BA, 2% sucrose, 0.25% gelrite.
2.1 Callus Induction
Sections of young leaves of about 0.5 cm2 were used as explants. These explants were
cultured in MS medium (1962) supplemented with 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 % sucrose,
0.25 gelrite. Each treatment was tested, with 25 replications.
2.2 Shoot and Root Induction
New shoot tips and axillary buds were used as explants and cultured in MS medium
(1962) supplemented with a combination of ( 0.05, 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l) BA and (0, 05,0.1
and 1.0 mg/l ) NAA, 2% sucrose, 0.25% gelrite.
All media in this experiment were adjusted to a pH of 5.6 before autoclaving at 121 º C
and 1.1 kg cm-1, cool white fluorescent lights ( 60 µmol m-2 S-1 ) on 16/8 –h photoperiod, and
364 Anchalee Jala and Wassamon Patchpoonporn
3. incubated at 25±1ºC. All cultures were subcultured every 3 weeks in the same media.
For statistical analysis, the data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
to assess treatment difference and interaction using the SPSS 11.3 statistical package for
windows. Significant means were tested by Turkey’s Test (p≤0.05).
Figure 1: The explants were producing new shoots after culturing them for 80 days.
Table 1: Average number of shoots and plant height of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on MS
medium supplemented with varying concentration of BA and cultured for 80 days.
MS medium with No. of shoots* Plant height(cm)*
BA 0 mg/l 3.285a 1.375a
BA 0.05 mg/l 5.167a 1.75a
BA 0.1 mg/l 5.400a 5.56b
BA 1.0 mg/l 7.285b 2.222a
*Average mean are significant different ( p<0.05)
a, b in the same row Tukey’s test at p<0.05
3. Results
Shoots tip and axillary buds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum were used as explants and had
quickly micropropagation response in vitro by the diverse type of explants. These explants were
cultured on MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations of (0, 0.05, 0.1, 1.0 mg/l)
BA. The explants were producing new plants that can be easily acclimated after culturing
them for 80 days (Figure 1). Explants expanded and formed new buds in the fifth week and
their buds grew up and formed new shoots within the seventh week and some callus were also
promptly induced. After 80 days, buds which grew at the base of explants were differentiated
and formed new shoots as shown in Table 1. MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA
*Corresponding author (B.Witchayangkoon). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5643001 Ext.3101. E-mail
addresses: wboonsap@gmail.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.4 ISSN 2228-9860 365
eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/363-370.pdf
4. gave the highest average number of new shoots (7.285 shoots), but MS medium supplemented
with 0.1 mg/l gave the highest average plant height of 5.56 cm.
Test of growth regulators - The best results were obtained using shoot tip and axillary bud
for the micropropagation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. The explants response to BA and
NAA, individually and in combination, were evaluated for 80 days after inoculation. Explants
were cultured in MS medium with different combination of (0, 0.05, 0.1, 1.0 mg/l) BA and (0,
0.05, 0.1, 1.0mg/l) NAA. After culturing for 80 days, explants were formed new shoots roots
and callus as in Table 2. Explants were cultured with BA and NAA and formed callus when
their hormone auxin (0.05 and 0. 1 mg/l NAA) and cytokinin (0.05 mg/l BA) was not balance.
In MS medium supplemented with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/l NAA and 2.0 mg/l BA produced the longest
root lengths which were 1.8and 1.6 cm, respectively. In this experiment, MS medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA gave the highest number of new shoots (6.8
shoots).
Table 2: Average diameter of callus, root length and No. of new shoots
after cultured for 80 days.
MS medium Diameter of Root length No. of new
BA(mg/l) NAA(mg/l) callus (cm)* (cm)* shoot(shoot)*
0 0 0.30 b 1.05 b 0.60a
0.05 0 0.125ab 0a 3.00bc
0.05 0.05 0.425b 0.25a 3.00bc
0.05 0.1 0.400b 0.35a 3.00bc
0.05 1 0.170ab 4.047c 0.566a
0.1 0 0.150ab 0a 0.95ab
0.1 0.05 0.200ab 0.400ab 0.667a
0.1 0.1 0.350b 0.95ab 0.60a
0.1 1.0 0.220ab 0.25a 0.250a
1.0 0 0a 0a 1.10ab
1.0 0.05 0. 111a 0a 0.967ab
1.0 0.1 0.111a 0a 6.80d
1.0 1.0 0.100a 0a 4.150c
2.0 0 0.100a 0a 0.600ab
2.0 0.05 0.222ab 1.80b 2.70bc
2.0 0.1 0.267ab 1.60b 1.50b
2.0 1.0 0.3ab 0.50ab 1.2b
*Average mean are significant different ( p<0.05)
a b c in the same row are not significant different by Tukey’s test at p<0.05
366 Anchalee Jala and Wassamon Patchpoonporn
5. 3.1 Callus induction
After cultured section of young leaves on MS medium supplemented with 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0
mg/l 2,4-D for 80 days. These explants formed callus in each treatment and their callus were
green. The measured diameter of these callus are presented in Table 3. Where Ms medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D gave the highest diameter of 0.93 cm. These callus
occurred at the edge of the explants and expanded to the whole explants.
Table 3: Average diameter of callus cultured in MS medium with very concentration of 2,4-D
after culturing for 80 days.
MS medium with Average diameter of callus (cm)
2,4-D 0 mg/l 0.267c
2,4-D 0.1 mg/l 0.550b
2,4-D 0.5 mg/l 0.667ab
2,4-D 1.0 mg/l 0.937a
*Average means are significantly different ( p<0.05)
a b c in the same row are not significantly different by Tukey’s test at p<0.05
4. Discussion
4.1 Induction of multiple shoots via organogenesis
Induction of multiple shoots through shoot tip and axillary bud which used as explants
were cultured on MS medium supplemented with either alone and various concentrations of
BA. There are a few growth and organogenetic responses observed from explants after
culturing for 12 weeks on PGR-free MS medium. Thus growth of shoot tip and axillary bud
will less for multiplication in medium without PGR as reported earlier (Rout et al, 2000). All
treatments which incorporated with BA will able to induce multiple shoots and plant height.
Number of new shoots in this study was agree with the previous study from Pranom Detviitkul
and Narumon Monkolchaipakdee (1991) cultured Gynostemma pentaphyllum and get the
highest average shoots in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l kinetin. In this experiment
the result showed that MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest average
new shoot where as 7.285 shoots. This result was the same as Jala (2011) did with young shoot
tip of Wishbone Flower which cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and
0.1 mg/l NAA.
When cultured shoot tip and axillary buds on MS medium supplemented with combination
*Corresponding author (B.Witchayangkoon). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5643001 Ext.3101. E-mail
addresses: wboonsap@gmail.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.4 ISSN 2228-9860 367
eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/363-370.pdf
6. of BA and NAA. All treatment corporate with PGR was able to induce callus multiple shoots
and spontaneous rooting after cultured for 12 weeks. Such type of callusing has been reported
earlier that no callus in the same family of Cucurbitaceae (Ratree, 1993). In this experiment,
the highest average diameter of callus was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l
BA and 0.05 or 0.1 mg/l NAA. With this formation of medium, a few callus and root length
were occurred also.
The highest multiplication rate of 6.8 shoots per plant was observed in MS medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 1.0 mg/l NAA. With this formulation of medium no root
and a little callus were formed. Statistical test showed that number of shoot induced in BA at
1.0 mg/l either alone or incorporated with NAA. Explants which added with NAA produced
more roots and rooting occurred during the second month of initiation culture. This result
were the same as Jala (2012) in the study of young shoot tip of Curcuma longa L.which cultured
on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA gave the highest growth rate.
According to Kyung-Min et al. (2009) cultured cucumber which are the same family
Cucurbitaceae. They cultured them in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA to induce
complete plantlets.
Concentrations of 2.4-D did not show any positive response for callus induction in any of
the tested types of explants when evaluation was carried out 50 days after inoculation. On the
other hand, treatment of diverse tissues of Gynostemma pentaphyllum with different NAA
concentrations produced variable callus induction responses. Occurrence of relevant
callogenesis was inversely proportional to NAA concentration. Complete absence of light was
a requirement for best callus induction. The calli were yellowish and nodular with
morphogenic aspects. Plant can be regenerated from these calli by indirect organogenesis
(Mello et al., 2001). According to these authors, histological analysis revealed that callus was
formed from hypertrophied cortical parenchyma cells of the explants. Some of these cells
underwent division while the surrounding cells accumulated starch. Callus was capable of
shoot bud regeneration after 70 days.
368 Anchalee Jala and Wassamon Patchpoonporn
7. 5. Conclusion
Shoot tip and axillary bud of G. pentaphyllum Makino. cultured on MS medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA for 12 weeks. New shoots occurred in MS medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and gave the highest average new shoots and height, 7.28
shoots and 2.22 cm, respectively. MS medium without BA (control) gave the lowest average
new shoots (3.28 shoots) and height (1.375 cm).
When cultured tissues of G. pentaphyllum Mikino about 0.5 cm on MS medium
supplemented with the combination of 2.0 mg/l BA 0.05 or 0.1 mg/l NAA for 80 days and gave
the highest number of new shoots and roots, their average new shoots, 2.7 and 1.5 shoots,
respectively. These concentrations gave the highest average root length, 1.8 and 1.6 cm,
respectively. In MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA gave the
highest average new shoots, 6.8 shoots. This concentration gave only new shoot but no root.
When cultured section of young leaves on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D
for 12 weeks. This concentration gave the biggest diameter of callus which is 0.937 cm. and
their callus are green.
6. References
Chen-Kai C., Ku-Shang C., Yi-chen L., and Chien- Yan C. 2005. Harry root culture of
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thumb.)Makino: a promising approach for the production
of gynosides as an alternative of ginseng saponins. Biotechnogy Letters. 27: 1165-
1169.
Kyung-Min K., Chang Kil K., and Ieng – Sul H. 2009. In Vitro regeneration from cotyledon
explants in the leaf groud ( Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) a rootstock for Cucurbitaceae.
Plant Biotechnol. Rep. 4:101-107.
Jala, Anchalee. 2011. Morphological Change Due to Effects of Acute Gamma Ray on
Wishbone Flower (Torenia fourmieri) In Vitro. International Transaction Journal of
Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 2(4): 101-109.
Jala, Anchalee. 2012. Effects of NAA BA and Sucrose On Shoot Induction and Rapid
Micropropagation by Trimming Shoot of Curcuma Longa L. International Transaction
Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 3(2):
:101-109.
Pranom Detvisitkul and Narumon Mongkolchaipakdee. (1999). Tissue culture of Gynostemma
*Corresponding author (B.Witchayangkoon). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5643001 Ext.3101. E-mail
addresses: wboonsap@gmail.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.4 ISSN 2228-9860 369
eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/363-370.pdf
8. pentaphyllum Mok. The 4th Seminar Medicinal Science Division. Central Education
at Medicinal Science Division.
Rout, G., Palai, S. K., Samantarays, S. and Das, P. 2001. Effect of regulator and culture
conditions on shoot multiplication and rhizome formation in giger ( Zingiber officinale
Rosc.) in vitro. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 37: 814-819.
Dr.Anchalee Jala is an Associate Professor in Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumtani , THAILAND. Her teaching is in the areas
of botany and plant tissue culture. She is also very active in plant tissue culture research.
Wassamon Patchpoonporn is an MSc student at Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Thammasat University, THAILAND, where he earned his BSc degree.
Peer Review: This article has been internationally peer-reviewed and accepted for publication
according to the guidelines given at the journal’s website.
370 Anchalee Jala and Wassamon Patchpoonporn