Fungi in the Built Environment is a document that discusses the following in 3 sentences:
1) Fungi are diverse and found in many forms and ecosystems, including pathogens of plants and animals as well as mutualistic partners of plants and algae.
2) The number of known fungal species is around 69,000 but the estimated total number of fungal species worldwide is 1.5 million, highlighting the vast diversity still left to discover.
3) Advances in fungal genomics through projects like the 1000 Fungal Genomes Project are helping to address phylogenetic diversity and discover previously unknown fungi through sequencing hundreds of fungal genomes.
General View of Korea Genebank(NAC) and its activities,Current status of Germplasm holdings in NAC(National Agrobiodiversity Center),Integrated PGR Management System,Current Research Activities
Effect of Colchicine Tablets on Morphology of Torenia fournieridrboon
The effects of colchicine tablets on Torenia fournieri were studied. Leaves were cut and soaked in different concentrations of colchicine solution: 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. The survival rate decreased when colchicine concentration and treatment duration were increased. The stomata length was found to be greater in the putative polyploids. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the nuclear DNA of putative polyploid Torenia plants was doubled relative to that of control diploid plants, and microscopy results confirmed that the chromosome number of the tetraploid plants was 2n = 4x = 36. The highest frequency of tetraploid induction was 6.67% at 15 ppm of colchicine solution soaked for 3 days. Morphological characteristics of tetraploid and diploid plants were compared. The results showed that growth of tetraploid plants were less than diploid plants. Tetraploid plants also had larger leaves and flower sizes when compared with diploid plants.
Effect of BA NAA and 2,4-D on Micropropagation of Jiaogulan (Gynostemma penta...drboon
Shoots tips and axillary buds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino were used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l BA. After 12 weeks, new shoots came out and the MS medium contained with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest shoots (7.28 shoots) and their average height was 2.22 cm. Young leaves were used as explants for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS supplemented with vary concentration of 2,4-D ( 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/l ). After 12 weeks, explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D gave the biggest callus which their average diameter were 0.9375 cm. When cultured explants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino on MS medium supplemented with combination of (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) BA and (0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l) NAA for 12 weeks. The highest average new shoots were induced from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA which was 6.8 shoots, and MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l NAA gave the lowest average new shoots (2.7 shoots), and the average root length (1.8 cm). Plantlets were complete and ready for transplanting to in vivo.
Identification and pathogenicity of fusarium and phomopsis foliar diseases of...Premier Publishers
Research on foliage disease of Jatropha curcas was conducted in Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara States of Nigeria to determine the occurrence, incidence and severity of the diseases. Fusarium and Phomopsis species were the fungal pathogens found to be responsible for the disease on J. curcas in the study area. A spore count of the isolates was made and used as inocula in the pathogenicity trial in glasshouse of the department to prove Kochs’ postulate. Results from the farmers’ field revealed that, highest incidence (81.00%) and severity (53.33%) of Phomopsis leaf blight was recorded in Tsaki of Sokoto State, while Janbaki in Kebbi State had the highest incidence (75.33%) and severity (60.00%) of Fusarium leaf blight. The surveys conducted showed that, J. curcas planted in lowland areas tend to be more prone to the fungal leaf blight particularly those close to water source. In the pathogenicity trial, results indicated that, there was no significant difference in the methods of inoculation and number of days after inoculation with respect to incidence and severity of leaf blight. It is recommended that fungicides that can be used for the management of fungal leaf blight of J. curcas should be identified.
General View of Korea Genebank(NAC) and its activities,Current status of Germplasm holdings in NAC(National Agrobiodiversity Center),Integrated PGR Management System,Current Research Activities
Effect of Colchicine Tablets on Morphology of Torenia fournieridrboon
The effects of colchicine tablets on Torenia fournieri were studied. Leaves were cut and soaked in different concentrations of colchicine solution: 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. The survival rate decreased when colchicine concentration and treatment duration were increased. The stomata length was found to be greater in the putative polyploids. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the nuclear DNA of putative polyploid Torenia plants was doubled relative to that of control diploid plants, and microscopy results confirmed that the chromosome number of the tetraploid plants was 2n = 4x = 36. The highest frequency of tetraploid induction was 6.67% at 15 ppm of colchicine solution soaked for 3 days. Morphological characteristics of tetraploid and diploid plants were compared. The results showed that growth of tetraploid plants were less than diploid plants. Tetraploid plants also had larger leaves and flower sizes when compared with diploid plants.
Effect of BA NAA and 2,4-D on Micropropagation of Jiaogulan (Gynostemma penta...drboon
Shoots tips and axillary buds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino were used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l BA. After 12 weeks, new shoots came out and the MS medium contained with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest shoots (7.28 shoots) and their average height was 2.22 cm. Young leaves were used as explants for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS supplemented with vary concentration of 2,4-D ( 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/l ). After 12 weeks, explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D gave the biggest callus which their average diameter were 0.9375 cm. When cultured explants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino on MS medium supplemented with combination of (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) BA and (0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l) NAA for 12 weeks. The highest average new shoots were induced from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA which was 6.8 shoots, and MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l NAA gave the lowest average new shoots (2.7 shoots), and the average root length (1.8 cm). Plantlets were complete and ready for transplanting to in vivo.
Identification and pathogenicity of fusarium and phomopsis foliar diseases of...Premier Publishers
Research on foliage disease of Jatropha curcas was conducted in Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara States of Nigeria to determine the occurrence, incidence and severity of the diseases. Fusarium and Phomopsis species were the fungal pathogens found to be responsible for the disease on J. curcas in the study area. A spore count of the isolates was made and used as inocula in the pathogenicity trial in glasshouse of the department to prove Kochs’ postulate. Results from the farmers’ field revealed that, highest incidence (81.00%) and severity (53.33%) of Phomopsis leaf blight was recorded in Tsaki of Sokoto State, while Janbaki in Kebbi State had the highest incidence (75.33%) and severity (60.00%) of Fusarium leaf blight. The surveys conducted showed that, J. curcas planted in lowland areas tend to be more prone to the fungal leaf blight particularly those close to water source. In the pathogenicity trial, results indicated that, there was no significant difference in the methods of inoculation and number of days after inoculation with respect to incidence and severity of leaf blight. It is recommended that fungicides that can be used for the management of fungal leaf blight of J. curcas should be identified.
Antimicrobial Coatings: The Research and Regulatory PerspectiveApril Bright
Coatings have long been considered an avenue for infection prevention in orthopedic procedures. These coatings, some of which utilize silver, have largely not been commercialized because regulators seek greater evidence of their safety, creating a long, expensive road for device companies. Announcements in the last half of 2018 and early 2019 indicate that companies continue to push to get them on the market and that productive conversations are taking place with regulators. This session began with a history of antimicrobial coatings followed by a look at recent research and technology.
Rapid Impact Assessment of Climatic and Physio-graphic Changes on Flagship G...Arvinder Singh
‘NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MAN AND ENVIRONMENT’October 15 – 16, 2012
Organized by
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala (Pb.) – 147 002, India
Plant Tissue Culture..“Micropropagation Studies On Bambusa tulda”Manzoor Wani
I hereby declare that a dissertation work entitled ―Micropropagation studies on Bambusa tulda plant through nodal explant” Submitted to university in fulfillment for the award of degree in Bachelors Of Science (forestry) is carried out by me at State Research Institute Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
microRNA in Plant Defence and Pathogen Counter-defenceMahtab Rashid
The presentation is about the role of microRNA in plant defence and the pathogen counter-defences which they adopt to escape or evade the plant defence mechanism.
mge_a4_study_q4.pdf
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
published: 12 October 2015
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01063
Edited by:
Miklos Fuzi,
Semmelweis University, Hungary
Reviewed by:
Atte Von Wright,
University of Eastern Finland, Finland
Dmitri Debabov,
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, USA
*Correspondence:
Anne-Brit Kolstø,
Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Biosciences, School of Pharmacy,
University of Oslo, Postbox 1068
Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
[email protected]
†Present address:
Roger Simm,
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo,
Norway;
Massoud Saidijam,
Research Centre for Molecular
Medicine, Department of Molecular
Medicine and Genetics, School
of Medicine, Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Specialty section:
This article was submitted to
Antimicrobials, Resistance
and Chemotherapy,
a section of the journal
Frontiers in Microbiology
Received: 17 August 2015
Accepted: 15 September 2015
Published: 12 October 2015
Citation:
Kroeger JK, Hassan K, Vörös A,
Simm R, Saidijam M, Bettaney KE,
Bechthold A, Paulsen IT,
Henderson PJF and Kolstø A-B
(2015) Bacillus cereus efflux protein
BC3310 – a multidrug transporter
of the unknown major facilitator family,
UMF-2. Front. Microbiol. 6:1063.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01063
Bacillus cereus efflux protein
BC3310 – a multidrug transporter of
the unknown major facilitator family,
UMF-2
Jasmin K. Kroeger1,2, Karl Hassan3, Aniko Vörös1, Roger Simm1†, Massoud Saidijam4†,
Kim E. Bettaney4, Andreas Bechthold2, Ian T. Paulsen3, Peter J. F. Henderson4 and
Anne-Brit Kolstø1*
1 Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway, 2 Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, Germany,
3 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 4 School of
BioMedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Phylogenetic classification divides the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) into 82 families,
including 25 families that are comprised of transporters with no characterized functions.
This study describes functional data for BC3310 from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, a
member of the “unknown major facilitator family-2” (UMF-2). BC3310 was shown to
be a multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to ethidium bromide, SDS and silver
nitrate when heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α �acrAB. A conserved
aspartate residue (D105) in putative transmembrane helix 4 was identified, which was
essential for the energy dependent ethidium bromide efflux by BC3310. Transport
proteins of the MFS comprise specific sequence motifs. Sequence analysis of UMF-
2 proteins revealed that they carry a variant of the MFS motif A, which may be used
as a marker to distinguish easily between this family and other MFS proteins. Genes
orthologous to bc3310 are hig.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Antimicrobial Coatings: The Research and Regulatory PerspectiveApril Bright
Coatings have long been considered an avenue for infection prevention in orthopedic procedures. These coatings, some of which utilize silver, have largely not been commercialized because regulators seek greater evidence of their safety, creating a long, expensive road for device companies. Announcements in the last half of 2018 and early 2019 indicate that companies continue to push to get them on the market and that productive conversations are taking place with regulators. This session began with a history of antimicrobial coatings followed by a look at recent research and technology.
Rapid Impact Assessment of Climatic and Physio-graphic Changes on Flagship G...Arvinder Singh
‘NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MAN AND ENVIRONMENT’October 15 – 16, 2012
Organized by
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala (Pb.) – 147 002, India
Plant Tissue Culture..“Micropropagation Studies On Bambusa tulda”Manzoor Wani
I hereby declare that a dissertation work entitled ―Micropropagation studies on Bambusa tulda plant through nodal explant” Submitted to university in fulfillment for the award of degree in Bachelors Of Science (forestry) is carried out by me at State Research Institute Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
microRNA in Plant Defence and Pathogen Counter-defenceMahtab Rashid
The presentation is about the role of microRNA in plant defence and the pathogen counter-defences which they adopt to escape or evade the plant defence mechanism.
mge_a4_study_q4.pdf
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
published: 12 October 2015
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01063
Edited by:
Miklos Fuzi,
Semmelweis University, Hungary
Reviewed by:
Atte Von Wright,
University of Eastern Finland, Finland
Dmitri Debabov,
NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, USA
*Correspondence:
Anne-Brit Kolstø,
Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics,
Department of Pharmaceutical
Biosciences, School of Pharmacy,
University of Oslo, Postbox 1068
Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
[email protected]
†Present address:
Roger Simm,
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo,
Norway;
Massoud Saidijam,
Research Centre for Molecular
Medicine, Department of Molecular
Medicine and Genetics, School
of Medicine, Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Specialty section:
This article was submitted to
Antimicrobials, Resistance
and Chemotherapy,
a section of the journal
Frontiers in Microbiology
Received: 17 August 2015
Accepted: 15 September 2015
Published: 12 October 2015
Citation:
Kroeger JK, Hassan K, Vörös A,
Simm R, Saidijam M, Bettaney KE,
Bechthold A, Paulsen IT,
Henderson PJF and Kolstø A-B
(2015) Bacillus cereus efflux protein
BC3310 – a multidrug transporter
of the unknown major facilitator family,
UMF-2. Front. Microbiol. 6:1063.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01063
Bacillus cereus efflux protein
BC3310 – a multidrug transporter of
the unknown major facilitator family,
UMF-2
Jasmin K. Kroeger1,2, Karl Hassan3, Aniko Vörös1, Roger Simm1†, Massoud Saidijam4†,
Kim E. Bettaney4, Andreas Bechthold2, Ian T. Paulsen3, Peter J. F. Henderson4 and
Anne-Brit Kolstø1*
1 Laboratory for Microbial Dynamics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway, 2 Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, Germany,
3 Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 4 School of
BioMedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Phylogenetic classification divides the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) into 82 families,
including 25 families that are comprised of transporters with no characterized functions.
This study describes functional data for BC3310 from Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, a
member of the “unknown major facilitator family-2” (UMF-2). BC3310 was shown to
be a multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to ethidium bromide, SDS and silver
nitrate when heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α �acrAB. A conserved
aspartate residue (D105) in putative transmembrane helix 4 was identified, which was
essential for the energy dependent ethidium bromide efflux by BC3310. Transport
proteins of the MFS comprise specific sequence motifs. Sequence analysis of UMF-
2 proteins revealed that they carry a variant of the MFS motif A, which may be used
as a marker to distinguish easily between this family and other MFS proteins. Genes
orthologous to bc3310 are hig.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Stajich LAMG12 - Indoor Fungi
1. Fungi in the Built Environment
Jason Stajich
University of California, Riverside
http://fungidb.org @hyphaltip @fungalgenomes @fungidb http://lab.stajich.org
2. Fungal diversity of forms, functions, ecosystems
Cryptococcus neoformans X. Lin Coprinopsis cinerea Ellison & Stajich Aspergillus niger. N Read Glomus sp. Univ Sydney Rozella allomycis. James et al
Puccinia graminis J. F. Hennen Laccaria bicolor Martin et al. Neurospora crassa. Hickey & Reed Phycomyces blakesleansus T. Ootaki Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
J. Longcore
Ustilago maydis Kai Hirdes Amanita phalloides. M Wood Xanthoria elegans. Botany POtD Rhizopus stolonifera. Blastocladiella simplex Stajich & Taylor
3. Plantae
Amoebozoa
Choanozoa
Metazoa
Microsporidia Fungi
Rozella
Chytridiomycota
Blastocladiomycota
Multicellular with
Mucoromycotina
differentiated tissues
Entomophthoromycotina
Zoopagomycotina
Loss of flagellum
Kickxellomycotina
Glomeromycota
Mitotic sporangia Pucciniomycotina Basidiomycota
to mitotic conidia Ustilaginomycotina
Regular septa Agaricomycotina
Taphrinomycotina Ascomycota
Meiotic sporangia to Saccharomycotina
external meiospores
Pezizomycotina
1500 1000 500 0
Millions of years Stajich et al. Current Biol 2009
4. Fungi interact with many organisms
10.3389/fpls.2011.00100
Betsy Arnold doi: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00100
Endophytes
Mycorrhiza doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.05.007,
F. Martin
6. Estimates of the number of species of Fungi
Mycol. Res. 9S (6): 641--655 (1991) Printed in Great Britain 641
Presidential address 1990
1.5 Million based on fungus to
The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance, plant ratio of 6:1
and conservation
D. L. HAWKSWORTH
International Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AF, UK
American Journal of Botany 98(3): 426–438. 2011.
Don’t forget the endophytes...
Fungi, members of the kingdoms Chromista, Fungi S.str. and Protozoa studied by mycologists, have received scant consideration in
discussions on biodiversity. The number of known species is about 69000, but that in the world is conservatively estimated at THE FUNGI: 1, 2, 3 … 5.1 MILLION SPECIES?1
and the soil...
1'5 million; six-times higher than hitherto suggested. The new world estimate is primarily based on vascular plant:fungus ratios in
different regions. It is considered conservative as: (1) it is based on the lower estimates of world vascular plants; (2) no separate Meredith Blackwell2
provision is made for the vast numbers of insects now suggested to exist; (3) ratios are based on areas still not fully known
mycologically; and (4) no allowance is made for higher ratios in tropical and polar regions. Evidence that numerous new species Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA
remain to be found is presented. This realization has major implications for systematic manpower, resources, and classification. Fungi DOI:10.3732/ajb.1000298
• Premise of the study: Fungi are major decomposers in certain ecosystems and essential associates of many organisms. They
have and continue to playa vital role in the evolution of terrestrial life (especially through mutualisms), ecosystem function and the
provide enzymes and drugs and serve as experimental organisms. In 1991, a landmark paper estimated that there are 1.5 million
maintenance of biodiversity, human progress, and the operation of Gaia. Conservation in situ and ex situ are complementary, andon the Earth. Because only 70 000 fungi had been described at that time, the estimate has been the impetus to search for
fungi the
significance of culture collections is stressed. International collaboration is required to develop a world inventory, quantify functional unknown fungi. Fungal habitats include soil, water, and organisms that may harbor large numbers of understudied
previously
roles, and for effective conservation. fungi, estimated to outnumber plants by at least 6 to 1. More recent estimates based on high-throughput sequencing methods
Upwards of 6M species - Lee Taylor (pers comm)
suggest that as many as 5.1 million fungal species exist.
• Methods: Technological advances make it possible to apply molecular methods to develop a stable classification and to dis-
cover and identify fungal taxa.
'Biodiversity', the extent of biological variation on Earth, has species, or populations. Knowledge of all of theseKey pertinent
• is results: Molecular methods have dramatically increased our knowledge of Fungi in less than 20 years, revealing a mono-
“Thus, the Fungi is likely equaled only by the Insecta with respect to eukaryote species richness.”
come to the fore as a key issue in science and politics for the
1990s. First used as 'BioDiversity' in the title of a scientific
to a thorough appreciation of the fungal dimension, butkingdom and increased diversity among early-diverging lineages. Mycologists are making significant advances in
phyletic here
I will centre on species biodiversity; that is basal to discussions but many fungi remain to be discovered.
species discovery,
• Conclusions: Fungi are essential to the survival of many groups of organisms with which they form associations. They also
19. Combining queries
• Results from one query combined with a second one.
• Can be intersection, union, or left or right overlaps
20.
21.
22. Microbial Ecology of Indoor Fungi
• Sloan Foundation initiative to provide a data coordination center for indoor microbiome data
• In collaboration with Rob Knight (QIIME), Mitch Sogin (VAMPS), Folker Meyer (MG-RAST)
• Fungi - names and taxonomy in flux
• Marker Genes and data collection approaches
• A sample indoor environment dataset analysis
23. Fungal Taxonomy and naming undergoing a revolution
One fungus, one name
IMA FuNgus · voluMe 2 · No 1: 105–112
The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature
A RT I C L E
1 3 3
Taylor 6
*, Özlem Abaci7 , Ahmet Asan , Feng-Yan Bai10 6
, Dominik
Begerow11, Derya Berikten , Teun Boekhout 13
, Treena Burgess , Walter Buzina 16
17
, Ulrike Damm , Irina Druzhinina ,
Ursula Eberhardt ,
10
,
30 31
, Ahmed
Ismail 13 33
, Urmas Kõljalg 36
, Paul-Emile Lagneau37,
3
, Xingzhong Liu10, Lorenzo Lombard , Wieland Meyer , Andrew Miller , Mohammad
Javad Najafzadeh , Lorelei Norvell 13 36
,
, William Quaedvlieg 1
, Johan Schnürer ,
, Bernard Slippers6 , Masako Takashima , Marco Thines , Ulf Thrane , Alev
, Bevan
13
, Neriman Yilmaz , Andrey Yurkov , and Ning Zhang
25. Barcoding consortium has chosen ITS as primary marker
Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi
Conrad L. Schocha,1, Keith A. Seifertb,1, Sabine Huhndorfc, Vincent Robertd, John L. Spougea, C. André Levesqueb,
Wen Chenb, and Fungal Barcoding Consortiuma,2
a
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; bBiodiversity (Mycology
and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6; cDepartment of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605; and
d
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Edited* by Daniel H. Janzen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, and approved February 24, 2012 (received for review October 18, 2011)
Six DNA regions were evaluated as potential DNA barcodes for the intron of the trnK gene. This system sets a precedent for
Fungi, the second largest kingdom of eukaryotic life, by a multina- reconsidering CO1 as the default fungal barcode.
tional, multilaboratory consortium. The region of the mitochondrial CO1 functions reasonably well as a barcode in some fungal
cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 used as the animal barcode was genera, such as Penicillium, with reliable primers and adequate
excluded as a potential marker, because it is difficult to amplify in species resolution (67% in this young lineage) (9); however,
fungi, often includes large introns, and can be insufficiently vari- results in the few other groups examined experimentally are in-
able. Three subunits from the nuclear ribosomal RNA cistron were consistent, and cloning is often required (10). The degenerate
compared together with regions of three representative protein- primers applicable to many Ascomycota (11) are difficult to as-
coding genes (largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, second largest sess, because amplification failures may not reflect priming
subunit of RNA polymerase II, and minichromosome maintenance mismatches. Extreme length variation occurs because of multiple
protein). Although the protein-coding gene regions often had introns (9, 12–14), which are not consistently present in a species.
MICROBIOLOGY
a higher percent of correct identification compared with ribosomal Multiple copies of different lengths and variable sequences oc-
markers, low PCR amplification and sequencing success eliminated cur, with identical sequences sometimes shared by several species
them as candidates for a universal fungal barcode. Among the (11). Some fungal clades, such as Neocallimastigomycota (an
regions of the ribosomal cistron, the internal transcribed spacer early diverging lineage of obligately anaerobic, zoosporic gut
(ITS) region has the highest probability of successful identification fungi), lack mitochondria (15). Finally, because most fungi are
for the broadest range of fungi, with the most clearly defined bar- microscopic and inconspicuous and many are unculturable, ro-
code gap between inter- and intraspecific variation. The nuclear bust, universal primers must be available to detect a truly rep-
ribosomal large subunit, a popular phylogenetic marker in certain
resentative profile. This availability seems impossible with CO1.
groups, had superior species resolution in some taxonomic groups,
The nuclear rRNA cistron has been used for fungal dia-
such as the early diverging lineages and the ascomycete yeasts, but
gnostics and phylogenetics for more than 20 y (16), and its
was otherwise slightly inferior to the ITS. The nuclear ribosomal
components are most frequently discussed as alternatives to CO1
small subunit has poor species-level resolution in fungi. ITS will be
(13, 17). The eukaryotic rRNA cistron consists of the 18S, 5.8S,
formally proposed for adoption as the primary fungal barcode
and 28S rRNA genes transcribed as a unit by RNA polymerase I.
http://fungalbarcoding.org
marker to the Consortium for the Barcode of Life, with the possibil-
Posttranscriptional processes split the cistron, removing two in-
ity that supplementary barcodes may be developed for particular
narrowly circumscribed taxonomic groups.
ternal transcribed spacers. These two spacers, including the 5.8S
gene, are usually referred to as the ITS region. The 18S nuclear
26. One published indoor microbiome
• Amend et al PNAS 2010 “Indoor fungal composition is geographically patterned and more diverse in
temperate zones than in the tropics.”
• 72 samples of fungi from 6 continents. Sampled ITS2 region and the D1-D2 region of LSU with 454-FLX
• Main finding of increasing species diversity with increasing latitude
29. ITS 28S
PCA
of
normalized
counts
–
Painted
by
rRNA
type MG-‐RAST
tools
30. PCA
of
normalized
counts
–
Painted
by
sampled
country
MG-‐RAST
tools
31. PCA
of
normalized
counts
–
Painted
by
sampled
elevaCon
MG-‐RAST
tools
32. From barcodes to organisms
Dilution to Extinction (d2e)
‘High throughput’ isolation from global dust samples
Sarea resinae
Cryptocoryneum rilstonei
Keith Seifert
33. Summary
• New tool development for interacting with genome and metagenome data for Fungi
• FungiDB is a resource for genome investigations and repeatable queries and workflows
• Development of a centralized resource for ITS sequences will enable better analysis of amplicon
metagenomics of Fungi
34. Acknowledgements
Marine
Biological
Lab
-‐
VAMPS
Stajich
lab
@UCR
lab Undergraduates Mitch
Sogin
Peng
Liu Jessica
De
Anda Sue
Huse
Brad
Cavinder Sapphire
Ear Anna
Shipunova Anthony Amend
Sofia
Robb Lorena
Rivera Univ
of
Colorado
at
Boulder
-‐
QIIME Keith Seifert
Steven
Ahrendt Carlos
Rojas Rob
Knight
Divya
Sain
Erum
Khan ScoW
Bates
Yizhou
Wang Ramy
Wissa Gail
Ackerman
Yi
Zhou Annie
Nguyen Jesse
Stombaugh
FungiDB
Programmers Argonne
NaConal
Lab
-‐
MG-‐RAST
Daniel
Borcherding Folker
Meyer
Raghu
Ramamurthy Daniel
Braithwaite
Edward
Liaw Travis
Harrison
Greg
Gu Kevin
Keegan
Andreas
Wilke
EuPathDB @UPenn & UGA
David Roos, Jessica Kissinger, Chris Stoeckert
Steve Fischer - John Brestelli
Brian Brunk - Debbie Pinney
Wei Li - Sufen Hu
Editor's Notes
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R. stolonifera infecting the strawberries\n\nMacro and microscales\n\n
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Here we’ve applied a principal coordinate analysis, to the normalized and standardized data, using euclidean distance (this make it the same as a principal component analysis)\nPainted in this version are metadata pertaining to the ITS or 28S nature of the sample \n
We can also investigate the PCoA for trends in other metadata\nHere, only the first two components are displayed – we can dig deeper if we want\n
We can also investigate the PCoA for trends in other metadata\nHere, only the first two components are displayed – we can dig deeper if we want\n