This document summarizes research on in vitro propagation of the medicinal plant Cocculus orbiculatus through cultivation from leaf explants. The study found that MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L of BAP was optimal for inducing shoots directly from leaf explants. Combinations of BAP and adenine sulfate resulted in increased multiple shoot formation. The highest number of shoots was observed with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 5 mg/L adenine sulfate. The protocol established a reliable method for rapid multiple shoot induction and propagation of C. orbiculatus using leaf explants, cytokinins and adenine sulfate.
In vitro callus induction of Melothria purpusilla, a traditional medicinal pl...IJERA Editor
Melothria purpusilla, a member of Cucurbitaceae, is an endemic species found in North-Eastern part of India.
The plant is used traditionally by the people of Manipur in the treatment of jaundice and its roots in fever and
diarrhoea. Tissue culture of medicinal plants was performed as a measure for the conservation of endangered
medicinal plants, Melothria perpusilla. Morphogenetic changes were observed in Melothria perpusilla
explants in the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of PGRs. Different colours of callus
formation were observed in MS supplemented with BAP, kinetin and IBA. The best callus induction was
observed with MS media supplemented with combination of 1BAP mg/l + 1 IBA mg/l and combination of
1Kinetin mg/l + 1 IBA mg/l.
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) M...IOSR Journals
An efficient protocol was devised for rapid callus induction and plantlet regeneration from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus. For callus induction, auxins such as 2, 4-D, IAA, NAA alone and in combination with cytokinin BAP were used. The most effective medium for callus induction and shoot regeneration was M S medium fortified with 8mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA, on which multiple shoots were obtained after 15 days of callus induction. All the in vitro raised shoots with length of 3-5 cm were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA. The best rooting response was observed on half strength M S liquid medium supplemented with 3mg/l IBA. The established plantlets obtained were subjected to hardening and acclimatisation by transferring to polycups containing sterile soil for 3-4 weeks and then to the field, where
85% survived to maturity
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Production of Haploids Plants from Anther Culture of Musa Paradisiaca cv. ‘Pu...RSIS International
Haploid plants were regenerated from the anther callus of banana Musa paradisiaca (AB) cv. Puttabale. The highest frequency of callus induction (90%) was observed at the concentration of 3mg/l 2, 4-D . After 20 days of incubation organization of embyroids were organised from the callus mass. Interaction of 4mg/l BAP and 0.4 mg/l IAA provoked shoot growth of the embryoids and well organised roots were developed at the concentration of 0.6 mg/l NAA and the media was agumented with 0.2% activated charcoal. Flow cytometry study was carried out to analyse the DNA content of the regenerated haploid plants. The results of the investigation reported the efficient production of haploid plants from the anther culture.
Micropropagation of Santalum Album L. Sandalwoodijtsrd
An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed for Santalum album L. Santalaceae , an economically important species. Plant regeneration was achieved using nodal explants and leaf disc on Murashige and Skoog MS medium for direct shoot regeneration. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators PGR like 6 Benzyl Adenine BA , Kinetin KN and 2 Isopentenyl adenine 2 iP on shoot initiation 2 Isopentenyl adenine and Gibberellic acid GA3 for shoot elongation and multiple shoot formation and Indole 3 Butyric Acid IBA and a Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA for rooting was studied. Among the explants tested for shoot induction, nodal segments proved good results. The best treatment for obtaining shoot induction was 3.0mg L BAP and for rooting 1 mg L of IBA was found to be the best treatment combination for maximum sprouting of shoot and rooting. After six the rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening, 20 of plantlets survived and resumed growth in the mixture of soil, vermiculite and sand 1 1 1 . S. Aghi Zion Inbakani | S. Sathishkumar | Bakan Jagdish Sudhakar "Micropropagation of Santalum Album L. (Sandalwood)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43698.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/43698/micropropagation-of-santalum-album-l-sandalwood/s-aghi-zion-inbakani
Aim of the present study was production biomass by induction of multiple shoots from Bambusa bambos. In general, the efficient and reproducible procedure for the propagation of bamboo can be achieved by seed propagation, clump division, and rhizome for small scale. In case of mass scale propagation, this technique would be highly insufficient and inefficient. For efficient production of bamboo, Micropropagation technique is used in large scale production. Nodal segment from fields grown clumps were used as the explants to develop a method of in vitro Micropropagation in bamboo. Plant growth hormone BAP (benzyl amino purine), KIN (kinetin), NAA (1- naphthalene acetic acid), IBA (indole-3 butyric acid), IAA (indole-3 acetic acid) was studied on in-vitro Micropropagation of the effective shoot and roots of bamboo. Effective axillary bud breaking was achieved in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Nodal explants culture was inoculated in both solid (0.8%) and liquid MS media and observed the maximum proliferation of shoot in solid MS medium (4/ nodal explants). The concentration of sucrose was varied and their growth was examined. The sucrose was optimized (3%). Under the optimized sucrose condition, the hormone was varied and growth was examined. Under this condition, BAP response was high. Thus the concentration of BAP was varied for further studies. The response was high in 3 mg/l of BAP concentration. This review briefly provides the state-of-the-art information on tissue culture mediated biotechnologically interventions made in bamboo for large scale Micropropagation. The established protocol will be of help to stakeholders in edible bamboo trade to conserve gene-pool and increase productivity. Key-words- Bamboo, Micropropagation, Tissue culture, Multiple shoots, Benzyl amino purine
In vitro callus induction of Melothria purpusilla, a traditional medicinal pl...IJERA Editor
Melothria purpusilla, a member of Cucurbitaceae, is an endemic species found in North-Eastern part of India.
The plant is used traditionally by the people of Manipur in the treatment of jaundice and its roots in fever and
diarrhoea. Tissue culture of medicinal plants was performed as a measure for the conservation of endangered
medicinal plants, Melothria perpusilla. Morphogenetic changes were observed in Melothria perpusilla
explants in the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of PGRs. Different colours of callus
formation were observed in MS supplemented with BAP, kinetin and IBA. The best callus induction was
observed with MS media supplemented with combination of 1BAP mg/l + 1 IBA mg/l and combination of
1Kinetin mg/l + 1 IBA mg/l.
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) M...IOSR Journals
An efficient protocol was devised for rapid callus induction and plantlet regeneration from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus. For callus induction, auxins such as 2, 4-D, IAA, NAA alone and in combination with cytokinin BAP were used. The most effective medium for callus induction and shoot regeneration was M S medium fortified with 8mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA, on which multiple shoots were obtained after 15 days of callus induction. All the in vitro raised shoots with length of 3-5 cm were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA. The best rooting response was observed on half strength M S liquid medium supplemented with 3mg/l IBA. The established plantlets obtained were subjected to hardening and acclimatisation by transferring to polycups containing sterile soil for 3-4 weeks and then to the field, where
85% survived to maturity
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Production of Haploids Plants from Anther Culture of Musa Paradisiaca cv. ‘Pu...RSIS International
Haploid plants were regenerated from the anther callus of banana Musa paradisiaca (AB) cv. Puttabale. The highest frequency of callus induction (90%) was observed at the concentration of 3mg/l 2, 4-D . After 20 days of incubation organization of embyroids were organised from the callus mass. Interaction of 4mg/l BAP and 0.4 mg/l IAA provoked shoot growth of the embryoids and well organised roots were developed at the concentration of 0.6 mg/l NAA and the media was agumented with 0.2% activated charcoal. Flow cytometry study was carried out to analyse the DNA content of the regenerated haploid plants. The results of the investigation reported the efficient production of haploid plants from the anther culture.
Micropropagation of Santalum Album L. Sandalwoodijtsrd
An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed for Santalum album L. Santalaceae , an economically important species. Plant regeneration was achieved using nodal explants and leaf disc on Murashige and Skoog MS medium for direct shoot regeneration. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators PGR like 6 Benzyl Adenine BA , Kinetin KN and 2 Isopentenyl adenine 2 iP on shoot initiation 2 Isopentenyl adenine and Gibberellic acid GA3 for shoot elongation and multiple shoot formation and Indole 3 Butyric Acid IBA and a Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA for rooting was studied. Among the explants tested for shoot induction, nodal segments proved good results. The best treatment for obtaining shoot induction was 3.0mg L BAP and for rooting 1 mg L of IBA was found to be the best treatment combination for maximum sprouting of shoot and rooting. After six the rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening, 20 of plantlets survived and resumed growth in the mixture of soil, vermiculite and sand 1 1 1 . S. Aghi Zion Inbakani | S. Sathishkumar | Bakan Jagdish Sudhakar "Micropropagation of Santalum Album L. (Sandalwood)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43698.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/43698/micropropagation-of-santalum-album-l-sandalwood/s-aghi-zion-inbakani
Aim of the present study was production biomass by induction of multiple shoots from Bambusa bambos. In general, the efficient and reproducible procedure for the propagation of bamboo can be achieved by seed propagation, clump division, and rhizome for small scale. In case of mass scale propagation, this technique would be highly insufficient and inefficient. For efficient production of bamboo, Micropropagation technique is used in large scale production. Nodal segment from fields grown clumps were used as the explants to develop a method of in vitro Micropropagation in bamboo. Plant growth hormone BAP (benzyl amino purine), KIN (kinetin), NAA (1- naphthalene acetic acid), IBA (indole-3 butyric acid), IAA (indole-3 acetic acid) was studied on in-vitro Micropropagation of the effective shoot and roots of bamboo. Effective axillary bud breaking was achieved in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Nodal explants culture was inoculated in both solid (0.8%) and liquid MS media and observed the maximum proliferation of shoot in solid MS medium (4/ nodal explants). The concentration of sucrose was varied and their growth was examined. The sucrose was optimized (3%). Under the optimized sucrose condition, the hormone was varied and growth was examined. Under this condition, BAP response was high. Thus the concentration of BAP was varied for further studies. The response was high in 3 mg/l of BAP concentration. This review briefly provides the state-of-the-art information on tissue culture mediated biotechnologically interventions made in bamboo for large scale Micropropagation. The established protocol will be of help to stakeholders in edible bamboo trade to conserve gene-pool and increase productivity. Key-words- Bamboo, Micropropagation, Tissue culture, Multiple shoots, Benzyl amino purine
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb.
(Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal
segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in
vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/ l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be
successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb. (Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
The use of biotechnology in the propagation of plantain and
banana (Musa sp.) of great importance to induce, tolerant to plant genotypes for
diseases and high yield potentials. However, auxins and cytokinins should be used,
which are expensive and can sometimes cause changes in the regenerants obtained.
Both traditional growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) and non-traditional growth
regulators (brassinosteroid analogues and mixtures oligogalacturonide) are used in
the in vitro propagation of crops, but mush progress has been hindering due to the
sufficient knowledge and impact of different phases prevailing in the
micropropagation of banana hybrid 'FHIA-18' (AAAB) is present hitherto. This work
was performed in order to evaluate the biological activity of an analogue of
brassinosteroids (Biobras-6) *ABr+ and a mixture of oligogalacturonide with the degree
of polymerization between 9 and 16 (Pectimorf) *mOLG+. The effect of ABr and mOLG
are determined as a substitute or complement of auxin (IBA or IAA) and cytokinin (6-
BAP) for the establishment of in vitro multiplication and rooting of plantlets and in the
acclimatization phase. Non-traditional regulators phenolization decrease the explant
growth in the establishment phase of in vitro propagation; but increased the number
of shoots per explants (above 3.5) and improved survival of vitro plant during the
acclimatization phase.
ABSTRACT- The present study describes the hormonal regulation on morphogenesis in vitro in nodal segments of T. indica. The nodal explants, sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog Medium enriched with various combinations and concentrations of plant hormones auxin and cytokinin to study the hormonal regulation on morphogenesis in vitro in T. indica. BAP at high concentration could not evoke any morphogenetic response in nodal explants. Calli formation at the basal part of nodal explants were noted on medium containing BAP (0.1 mg/L) and 2,4-D (5.0 mg/L). 0.1 mg/L BAP was found most effective in the shoot development of the T. indica. Rhizogenesis was observed on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IAA and 0.1 mg/l NAA. The study may also be used mass-propagation and conservation of this medicinal plant species.
Key-words- Plant growth regulators, Morphogenesis in vitro, Tylophora indica, Rhizogenesis
Burnt Weed Smoke Can Enhance Plant Growth A Proper Weed ManagementYogeshIJTSRD
Weeds are serious issue around the world causing crop yield reduction in agricultural fields. However, several studies proclaim the uses of weed plant species as plant growth enhancer because of their unique phytochemical composition present in smoke when pyrolysed. This idea has been inspired by the discovery of karrikins, a class of smoke elicitors that cues the seedling germination in several plant species. The present review is mainly aimed towards the application of weed derived smoke to regulate the plant growth in positive manner. Smoke water prepared from pyrolysed weed emerged out as more powerful in promoting the plant development of agriculturally and medicinally. The smoke technology can be one of the useful management strategies in future with cost effective and environmental friendly inputs. Shaiphali Saxena "Burnt Weed Smoke Can Enhance Plant Growth: A Proper Weed Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39954.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/39954/burnt-weed-smoke-can-enhance-plant-growth-a-proper-weed-management/shaiphali-saxena
A high frequency microcloning protocol for subsequent cryopreservation in Kae...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Isolation, identification of antagonistic rhizobacterial strains obtained fro...Shazia Shahzaman
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are associated with roots, found in the rhizosphere and can directly or indirectly enhance the plant growth. In this study soil was collected from rhizosphere of chickpea fields of different areas of Rawalpindi division of Pakistan. PGPR were isolated, screened and characterized. Eight isolates of rhizobacteria (RHA, RPG, RFJ, RC, RTR, RT and RK) were isolated from Rawalpindi division and were characterized. The antagonistic activity of these PGPR isolates against root infecting fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium spp.,) was done and production of indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore and P-solubilization was evaluated. The isolates RHA, RPG, RFJ, RC, RRD and RT were found to be positive in producing siderophore, IAA and P-solubilization. Furthermore, most of the isolates showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium spp. The rhizobacterial isolates RHA, RPG, RFJ, RC, RRD, RTR, RT and RK were used as bio-inoculants that might be beneficial for chickpea cultivation as the rhizobacterial isolates possessed the plant growth promoting characters i.e. siderophore, IAA production, phosphate solubilization. In in vitro tests, Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus spp. inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungal root pathogens. The isolates (RHA and RPG) also significantly increased (60-70%) seed germination, shoot length, root length of the chickpea. The incidence of fungi was reduced by the colonization of RHA and RPG which enhanced the seedling vigor index and seed germination. The observations revealed that isolates RHA and RPG is quite effective to reduce the fungal root infection in greenhouse, and also increases seed yields significantly. These rhizobacterial isolates appear to be efficient yield increasing as well as effective biocontrol agent against fungal root pathogen.
Comparison of Resistance to Fusarium wilts disease in Seeded and Regenerated ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Plant tissue culture has been used as a tool for crop improvement in many different ways. Such as somaclonal variation that occurred in many different crops. In this study a program for disease resistance was established in sesame using somaclonal variation. As resistance to Fos is very important so different kinds and concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators were tested for producing of plantlet regenerated from apical shoot explants. The results showed that the combination of BA and NAA also BA and IAA with ABA could be used for regenerating sesame plantlets from apical shoots. The difference in BA concentrations had a positive effect on shoot and root regeneration and at least plant regeneration. So with combination of high level of BA and low level of NAA shooting from explants was dominant and with low level of BA and high level of NAA rooting was progressed. Regenerated plantlets and seeded planlets were compared for examining of resistance or susceptibility to Fos. The result showed that somaclonal variant resulted from regeneration of shoot and root of sesame could lead to producing resistant plantlets.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Crude Extracts o...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically-active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. As a result of paucity of knowledge and folkloric claim on the leaves effectiveness in infectious disease treatments, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and lignans present in the crude Sesame radiatum leaves extracts. Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms and Yeast using Agar diffusion method. The GC-MS phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of carboxylic acids and phenolic groups in essential oils especially some of the most potent antioxidants like Sesamol, Sesamolin and Sesamin. Both the methanolic and ethanolic extracts have broad spectrum antimicrobial effect against all the tested micro-organisms except Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, while the aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae except on Candida albicans. The result confirmed the folkloric claims of the antimicrobial effectiveness of locally consumed Sesame leaves extracts especially against bacterial and common skin infection in many areas of the Country (Nigeria).
Banana is the fourth largest produced food crop of the world and its demand is increasing day by day. It is available throw out the year and its cost is very less in comparison to other fruits. With the development in science new tissue culture protocols are standardized for mass propagation of Musa (Banana) on the basis of effects of plant growth regulators. BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine), KN (Kinetin) are most widely used cytokinins for shoot proliferation and IAA (Indole -3-acetic acid), NAA (Naphathalene acetic acid) are widely used auxins for root induction.
Multiple shoot induction from the nodal cultures of teasle gourd (Mo...INNS PUBNET
Momordica dioica is a dioecious cucurbit. The fruits are used as costly vegetable in southern part of India. The
biotypes were collected form Warangal and Khammam districts of Andhra Pradesh. When the nodal region
were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine BAP +2.0 mg/l L-Glutamic
acid, the explants produced little amount of callus and shoot buds. The shoot buds on successive subcultures for twice on the same medium produced multiple shoots. Shoot proliferation was further continued even after six months.
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration and Rooting of Piper Longum L.: A valuable Medici...AnuragSingh1049
Piper longum L (Long pepper), of family Piperaceae, is an important medicinal plant in Sri Lanka. Cultivation of Piper longum L. till recently was not very common and still it is extensively collected from the wild owing to the increasing demand from the pharmaceutical industry, threatening the very existence of the plant. Poor seed viability and low germination, scanty and delayed rooting of vegetative cuttings restrict its propagation through sexual and vegetative propagation methods indicating a need of alternative approaches such as in vitro techniques for large scale propagation of this medicinally important plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop an effective in vitro propagation protocol for Long pepper using nodal segments as ex plants, obtained from a shade house grown mature plant. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used throughout the experiment. For shoot proliferation, MS medium supplemented with combination of 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Kinetin (KIN) and different levels of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. In vitro rooting was achieved to 50% strength MS basal medium containing 1mg/L. The highest frequency of multiple shoot regeneration, that is 87.5% and the maximum number of, 36-40 shoots/ex plants in one sub culture (within 8 weeks after inoculation) were observed in MS media containing BAP (3 mg/L), KIN (0.5mg/L) and NAA (0.2mg/L). The maximum number of roots (6-8 per plantlet) were obtained in 50% MS basal medium + glucose (15 g/L) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/ L) and gelled with 0.8% (w/v) agar supplemented with NAA (1 mg/L). In vitro rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized in the shade house conditions. Therefore, it is possible to deduce that the current protocol is promising for in vitro mass propagation of Piper longum L. to solve the reproduction and cultivation problem of the plant.
Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Oroxylum indicum an Endangere...IOSR Journals
The present work has been under taken to study the antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of O.
indicum against disease causing gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of solvent
extracts of stem bark of Oroxylum indicum has been studied to find out its activity against four important
bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus albus and S. aureus . The antimicrobial activity of
the stem bark extracts was done through well diffusion method and by measuring the inhibition zone around the
disc. The results revealed that the aqueous extracts of O. indicum exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the
microbes under study. The results provided evidence that the species O. indicum can be used as a potential
source of antimicrobial agent.
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the nematicidal efficacy of a biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas flourescens for the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyneincognita on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv.‘Avarodhi’ under glasshouse conditions. All the treatments were found to significantly improve the growth and physiological parameters of chickpea and reduction in pathological parameters as compare to untreated inoculated control. The highest improvement was observed in those plants treated with P. flourescens alone. Concomitant and sequential inoculation of P. flourescens with M.incognita also showed significant improvement in growth parameters of chickpea. Least enhancement in growth parameters was observed in those plants inoculated with nematode alone. It may be due to the nematcidal behaviour of P. flourescens against root-knot nematode, M. incognita. Hence, it may be concluded that P. flourescens as biocontrol agent is better substitute against chemical nematicides for the sustainable management of M. incognita and reduce environmental hazards.
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb.
(Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal
segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in
vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/ l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be
successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb. (Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
The use of biotechnology in the propagation of plantain and
banana (Musa sp.) of great importance to induce, tolerant to plant genotypes for
diseases and high yield potentials. However, auxins and cytokinins should be used,
which are expensive and can sometimes cause changes in the regenerants obtained.
Both traditional growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) and non-traditional growth
regulators (brassinosteroid analogues and mixtures oligogalacturonide) are used in
the in vitro propagation of crops, but mush progress has been hindering due to the
sufficient knowledge and impact of different phases prevailing in the
micropropagation of banana hybrid 'FHIA-18' (AAAB) is present hitherto. This work
was performed in order to evaluate the biological activity of an analogue of
brassinosteroids (Biobras-6) *ABr+ and a mixture of oligogalacturonide with the degree
of polymerization between 9 and 16 (Pectimorf) *mOLG+. The effect of ABr and mOLG
are determined as a substitute or complement of auxin (IBA or IAA) and cytokinin (6-
BAP) for the establishment of in vitro multiplication and rooting of plantlets and in the
acclimatization phase. Non-traditional regulators phenolization decrease the explant
growth in the establishment phase of in vitro propagation; but increased the number
of shoots per explants (above 3.5) and improved survival of vitro plant during the
acclimatization phase.
ABSTRACT- The present study describes the hormonal regulation on morphogenesis in vitro in nodal segments of T. indica. The nodal explants, sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog Medium enriched with various combinations and concentrations of plant hormones auxin and cytokinin to study the hormonal regulation on morphogenesis in vitro in T. indica. BAP at high concentration could not evoke any morphogenetic response in nodal explants. Calli formation at the basal part of nodal explants were noted on medium containing BAP (0.1 mg/L) and 2,4-D (5.0 mg/L). 0.1 mg/L BAP was found most effective in the shoot development of the T. indica. Rhizogenesis was observed on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IAA and 0.1 mg/l NAA. The study may also be used mass-propagation and conservation of this medicinal plant species.
Key-words- Plant growth regulators, Morphogenesis in vitro, Tylophora indica, Rhizogenesis
Burnt Weed Smoke Can Enhance Plant Growth A Proper Weed ManagementYogeshIJTSRD
Weeds are serious issue around the world causing crop yield reduction in agricultural fields. However, several studies proclaim the uses of weed plant species as plant growth enhancer because of their unique phytochemical composition present in smoke when pyrolysed. This idea has been inspired by the discovery of karrikins, a class of smoke elicitors that cues the seedling germination in several plant species. The present review is mainly aimed towards the application of weed derived smoke to regulate the plant growth in positive manner. Smoke water prepared from pyrolysed weed emerged out as more powerful in promoting the plant development of agriculturally and medicinally. The smoke technology can be one of the useful management strategies in future with cost effective and environmental friendly inputs. Shaiphali Saxena "Burnt Weed Smoke Can Enhance Plant Growth: A Proper Weed Management" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39954.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/39954/burnt-weed-smoke-can-enhance-plant-growth-a-proper-weed-management/shaiphali-saxena
A high frequency microcloning protocol for subsequent cryopreservation in Kae...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Isolation, identification of antagonistic rhizobacterial strains obtained fro...Shazia Shahzaman
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are associated with roots, found in the rhizosphere and can directly or indirectly enhance the plant growth. In this study soil was collected from rhizosphere of chickpea fields of different areas of Rawalpindi division of Pakistan. PGPR were isolated, screened and characterized. Eight isolates of rhizobacteria (RHA, RPG, RFJ, RC, RTR, RT and RK) were isolated from Rawalpindi division and were characterized. The antagonistic activity of these PGPR isolates against root infecting fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium spp.,) was done and production of indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore and P-solubilization was evaluated. The isolates RHA, RPG, RFJ, RC, RRD and RT were found to be positive in producing siderophore, IAA and P-solubilization. Furthermore, most of the isolates showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium spp. The rhizobacterial isolates RHA, RPG, RFJ, RC, RRD, RTR, RT and RK were used as bio-inoculants that might be beneficial for chickpea cultivation as the rhizobacterial isolates possessed the plant growth promoting characters i.e. siderophore, IAA production, phosphate solubilization. In in vitro tests, Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus spp. inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungal root pathogens. The isolates (RHA and RPG) also significantly increased (60-70%) seed germination, shoot length, root length of the chickpea. The incidence of fungi was reduced by the colonization of RHA and RPG which enhanced the seedling vigor index and seed germination. The observations revealed that isolates RHA and RPG is quite effective to reduce the fungal root infection in greenhouse, and also increases seed yields significantly. These rhizobacterial isolates appear to be efficient yield increasing as well as effective biocontrol agent against fungal root pathogen.
Comparison of Resistance to Fusarium wilts disease in Seeded and Regenerated ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Plant tissue culture has been used as a tool for crop improvement in many different ways. Such as somaclonal variation that occurred in many different crops. In this study a program for disease resistance was established in sesame using somaclonal variation. As resistance to Fos is very important so different kinds and concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators were tested for producing of plantlet regenerated from apical shoot explants. The results showed that the combination of BA and NAA also BA and IAA with ABA could be used for regenerating sesame plantlets from apical shoots. The difference in BA concentrations had a positive effect on shoot and root regeneration and at least plant regeneration. So with combination of high level of BA and low level of NAA shooting from explants was dominant and with low level of BA and high level of NAA rooting was progressed. Regenerated plantlets and seeded planlets were compared for examining of resistance or susceptibility to Fos. The result showed that somaclonal variant resulted from regeneration of shoot and root of sesame could lead to producing resistant plantlets.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Crude Extracts o...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically-active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. As a result of paucity of knowledge and folkloric claim on the leaves effectiveness in infectious disease treatments, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and lignans present in the crude Sesame radiatum leaves extracts. Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms and Yeast using Agar diffusion method. The GC-MS phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of carboxylic acids and phenolic groups in essential oils especially some of the most potent antioxidants like Sesamol, Sesamolin and Sesamin. Both the methanolic and ethanolic extracts have broad spectrum antimicrobial effect against all the tested micro-organisms except Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, while the aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae except on Candida albicans. The result confirmed the folkloric claims of the antimicrobial effectiveness of locally consumed Sesame leaves extracts especially against bacterial and common skin infection in many areas of the Country (Nigeria).
Banana is the fourth largest produced food crop of the world and its demand is increasing day by day. It is available throw out the year and its cost is very less in comparison to other fruits. With the development in science new tissue culture protocols are standardized for mass propagation of Musa (Banana) on the basis of effects of plant growth regulators. BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine), KN (Kinetin) are most widely used cytokinins for shoot proliferation and IAA (Indole -3-acetic acid), NAA (Naphathalene acetic acid) are widely used auxins for root induction.
Multiple shoot induction from the nodal cultures of teasle gourd (Mo...INNS PUBNET
Momordica dioica is a dioecious cucurbit. The fruits are used as costly vegetable in southern part of India. The
biotypes were collected form Warangal and Khammam districts of Andhra Pradesh. When the nodal region
were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine BAP +2.0 mg/l L-Glutamic
acid, the explants produced little amount of callus and shoot buds. The shoot buds on successive subcultures for twice on the same medium produced multiple shoots. Shoot proliferation was further continued even after six months.
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration and Rooting of Piper Longum L.: A valuable Medici...AnuragSingh1049
Piper longum L (Long pepper), of family Piperaceae, is an important medicinal plant in Sri Lanka. Cultivation of Piper longum L. till recently was not very common and still it is extensively collected from the wild owing to the increasing demand from the pharmaceutical industry, threatening the very existence of the plant. Poor seed viability and low germination, scanty and delayed rooting of vegetative cuttings restrict its propagation through sexual and vegetative propagation methods indicating a need of alternative approaches such as in vitro techniques for large scale propagation of this medicinally important plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop an effective in vitro propagation protocol for Long pepper using nodal segments as ex plants, obtained from a shade house grown mature plant. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used throughout the experiment. For shoot proliferation, MS medium supplemented with combination of 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Kinetin (KIN) and different levels of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. In vitro rooting was achieved to 50% strength MS basal medium containing 1mg/L. The highest frequency of multiple shoot regeneration, that is 87.5% and the maximum number of, 36-40 shoots/ex plants in one sub culture (within 8 weeks after inoculation) were observed in MS media containing BAP (3 mg/L), KIN (0.5mg/L) and NAA (0.2mg/L). The maximum number of roots (6-8 per plantlet) were obtained in 50% MS basal medium + glucose (15 g/L) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/ L) and gelled with 0.8% (w/v) agar supplemented with NAA (1 mg/L). In vitro rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized in the shade house conditions. Therefore, it is possible to deduce that the current protocol is promising for in vitro mass propagation of Piper longum L. to solve the reproduction and cultivation problem of the plant.
Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Oroxylum indicum an Endangere...IOSR Journals
The present work has been under taken to study the antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of O.
indicum against disease causing gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of solvent
extracts of stem bark of Oroxylum indicum has been studied to find out its activity against four important
bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus albus and S. aureus . The antimicrobial activity of
the stem bark extracts was done through well diffusion method and by measuring the inhibition zone around the
disc. The results revealed that the aqueous extracts of O. indicum exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the
microbes under study. The results provided evidence that the species O. indicum can be used as a potential
source of antimicrobial agent.
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the nematicidal efficacy of a biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas flourescens for the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyneincognita on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv.‘Avarodhi’ under glasshouse conditions. All the treatments were found to significantly improve the growth and physiological parameters of chickpea and reduction in pathological parameters as compare to untreated inoculated control. The highest improvement was observed in those plants treated with P. flourescens alone. Concomitant and sequential inoculation of P. flourescens with M.incognita also showed significant improvement in growth parameters of chickpea. Least enhancement in growth parameters was observed in those plants inoculated with nematode alone. It may be due to the nematcidal behaviour of P. flourescens against root-knot nematode, M. incognita. Hence, it may be concluded that P. flourescens as biocontrol agent is better substitute against chemical nematicides for the sustainable management of M. incognita and reduce environmental hazards.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
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Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
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1. American International Journal of Business Management (AIJBM)
ISSN- 2379-106X, www.aijbm.com Volume 5, Issue 03 (March-2022), PP 62-65
*Corresponding Author: Mandaloju Venkateshwarlu www.aijbm.com 62 | Page
In vitro Propagation of desirable plants through cultivation from
Leaf explants of Cocculus orbiculatus.
Mandaloju Venkateshwarlu
Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal Urban- 506 009, T.S. INDIA.
ABSTRACT:- Plants usually propagated by seed can now be cultured In vitro yield thousands of identical
plants a number of agronomically important medicinal plants. Specific characteristics such as disease and
herbicide resistance also can be selected for while plants are in culture concentration of cytokinine Induction M.
venkateshwarlu (2021). The MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of Cytokinins alone and
in combinations with various auxins were used for high frequency shoot regeneration from Leaf explants. In
vitro shoot and multiple shoot induction was achieved in one of the important medicinal plants of Cocculus
orbiculatus which has been historically been used to treat a wide assortment of diseases. MS medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP was found to be optimum to induce shoots (100%) directly from the Leaf
explants. Significant increase in the number of shoots per explants was found in MS medium supplemented
with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 15 mg/l Adenine Sulphate. Desirable plants are cloned through tissue culture to produce
genetically identical plants in a process called In vitro clonal propagation. The large variety of medicinal and
crop plants in both laboratories and plant nurseries. All the tested combinations have little effect on increasing
the number of shoots. The present study established reliable and reproducible protocol for rapid multiple shoot
induction from Leaf explants of Cocculus orbiculatus using different concentrations and combinations of
cytokinins. Micro shoots developed in the above culture rooting was also induced by BAP, NAA+Kn 0.5mg/l to
5.0 mg/l from callus. Callus tissue has the ability to plant or plant organ in a process called dedifferentiation in
plant tissue culture plant growth is usually initiated from leaf explants of Cocculus.
Keywords: Propagation, Cocculus orbiculatus, BAP, Kn, In Vitro cultivation.
I. INTRODUCTION
MS nutrient medium in the presence of a specific ration of BAP, Kn and L-Glutamic acid, the non
dviding callus cells revert to an undifferentiated leaf explants callus tissue. The primary aim of this study has
been to gain some knowledge about the genotypic differences for callus initiation and high frequency plant
regeneration from long term callus cultures of Cocculus orbiculatus. Plant tissue culture methods must be
supplied with various concentrations of BAP+Kn (1.0mg/l-5.0mg/l) combination. The culture induces multiple
shoots (4-6) to appear from a small shoots. It grows on any kind of soil, but thrives best on well – manured rich
loamy soils with abundant water supply. Plant tissue culture organogenesis is a process of differentiation by
which plant organs simultaneously adventurous development of callus with plant lets. The existence of genetic
variability in the form of wild relatives of domestic crops is the source for continued improvement in yield and
resistance to disease or stressful changes in environmental conditions. The seeds are small and edible, and are
used in confectionery. Several workers in past have micropropagated some of the important Asclepiadaceae
members such as Ceropegia bulbosa (Patil, 1998; Britto et al., 2003), Venkateshwarlu (2020) & Thoyajalosa &
Rai (2016). Hemidesmus indicus (Misra et al., 2003; Patnaik and Kishore, 1996) Venkateshwarlu et al (2018) &
Venkateshwarlu (2017) and Holostemma ada-kodien (Martin, 2002 & 2003). Since very scarce information is
available about micropropagation about this important medicinal plant, an attempt was made to develop a
reproducible protocol for shoot and multiple shoot induction from leaf explants. Using various concentrations of
Benzyl Amino Purine and Adenine Sulphate. In the recent years there has been a major crop plant development.
Many of these plants were identified because of their use in traditional In vitro culture isolated from leaf
explants potential and a limitation of leaf explants M. Venkateshwarlu (2020).
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The resulting plants differ from the in vitro production of leaf explants. Although the processes of
somaclonal variation new potentially desirable traits are obtained it they can be stably maintained progeny crop
plants. The leaf segments after removing the leaves were cut into 2cm pieces, each containing a single node
region and washed under running tap water for 15 min, followed by brief washing with sterile distilled water.
Node explants (1.25 cm) were surface sterilized in 70% (v/v) ethanol for 60 sec followed by 0.1% (w/v)
mercuric chloride for 6 min. explants were thoroughly washed in sterile distilled water and blot dried on sterile
Whatmann 1 mm filter paper. For shoot induction, leaf explants were again trimmed into 1.0 cm and transferred
to MS medium supplemented with 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l BAP.The isolated in vitro raised explants segments
2. In vitro Propagation of desirable plants through cultivation from Leaf explants of Cocculus…
*Corresponding Author: Mandaloju Venkateshwarlu www.aijbm.com 63 | Page
observations were recorded on yield and various yield traits on normal loading plants selected randomly. MS
medium supplemented with different concentrations of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) (0.1-1.2mg/l were used for
shoot induction. For multiple shoot induction MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 5-20 mg/l
Adenine Sulphate were used. The pH of all media was adjusted to 5.75 before adding 0.8% agar and autoclaved
at 151b and 121°C for18 min. All the media were kept at 26±2°C for 3 days before use. Cultures were
incubated at 26±2° under a 16/8 h photoperiod for 26-28 days at a relative humidity of 65%. Node explants (1.0
cm long) were used as explants for multiple shoot induction on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l Benzyl
Amino Purine and 5-20 mg/l Adenine Sulphate. After two weeks of culturing at 26± 2° under a 16/8
photoperiod shoots were sub cultured onto fresh medium for proliferation. A number of combinations factors
influence the presence of somatic embryos during plant tissue culture. Biotechnological Applications in vitro
production of axillary bud explants. Venakateshawrlu M (2021).
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The resulting plant differs from the original parent plant this multiplication high production cultivation
occurs randomly so that the regenerated mature plants. The results scored on the above mentioned aspects (shoot
and multiple shoot induction) are summarized in the following order. In order to assess the effect of different
concentrations of Benzyl Amino Purine (1.0-2.0 mg/l) on shoot induction from Cucurbit maxima nodal explants
were surface sterilized and inoculated onto MS media supplemented with various concentrations of Benzyl
Amino Purine. Shoot induction was monitored after 24-28 days of inoculation by counting the number of
shoots induced from each explant. Shoot induction was observed in all the concentrations of Benzyl Amino
Purine tested with variation in per cent response of shoot induction. The highest per cent of shoot induction was
observed in MS with 1.0 mg/l Benzyl Amino Purine followed by 80.4 and 80.2 in the medium containing 0.8
and 0.7 mg/l Benzyl Amino Purine respectively. The number of shoots produced from nodal explants on
medium with 1.0 mg/l BAP was 3.8 with an average height of 2.5 cm. We found an increase in the per cent
response of shoot induction and number of shoots with an increase in the concentration of Benzyl Amino Purine
from 1.0 mg/l to 2.0. The percentage of explants exhibiting shoot induction was found to be between 40-80 is
most of the concentrations of Benzyl Amino Purine tested except MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l
Benzyl Amino Purine. After 26-28 days of culture, nodal explants derived shoot cultures were subcultured to
MS medium fortified with same concentration of hormone for shoot elongation. Significant elongation has been
achieved in medium with 3.0 and 4.0 mg/l Benzyl Amino Purine. There was no significant variation in shoot
length between the different concentrations of Benzyl Amino Purine except in the case of medium with 2.0 mg/l
producing average shoot length of 1.5-2.0 cm. The effect of Benzyl Amino Purine in inducing shoot induction
was already reported in some of the important medicinal plants of Asclepiadaceae family members such as
Ceropegia bulbosa (Patil, 1998; Britto et al., 2003), Gymneme elegans (Komalavalli and Rao, 2000) and in
Holostemma ada-kodien (Martin, 2002). The promotive effect of Benzyl Amino Purine on shoot induction and
multiplication was well understood in various plants like Phytolocca decanta (Demeke and Huges, 1990),
Saussuriea lappa, Clerodendran colebrookianum (Mao et al., 1995), Trichopus zeylanicus (Krishnan et al.,
1995) and in Woodfordia fruticosa (Krishnan and Seeni, 1994). To analyse the shoot induction ability of leaf
explants from in vitro multiplied plants, nodal explants were used as an ideal source of explants for reculturing.
Additional 3-6 shoots per node explants on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l indicate the effectiveness of
explants on multiple shoot induction without surface sterilization. A similar effect of the hormone in enhancing
shoot induction has been reported in one of the Asclepiadaceae family members, Ceropegia candelabrum
(Beena et al., 2003). As expected, contamination rate has been drastically reduced in recultured leaf explants.
(Table 1, Plate 1).
Table 1: In vitro Propagation of desirable plants through cultivation from leaf explants of Cocculus
orbiculatus
S.No. BAP+KN+L-Glutamic acid
concentration
Shoot length
(cm)
No of shoots produced
(mg/l) (Mean ± SE) leaf explants/Callus Response
(Mean ± SE)
1 BAP+Kn 1.0mg/l 1.20±0.42 1.12±0.44+Callus
2 BAP+Kn 2.0mg/l 2.50±0.07 1.20±0.42+Callus
3 BAP+Kn 3.0mg/l 1.2±0.44 1.22±0.46+Callus+Shoot
4 BAP+Kn 4.0mg/l 1.70±0.09 24±0.42+Shoot (2-4)
5 BAP+Kn 5.0mg/l 1.40±0.06 1.50±0.40+Callus
3. In vitro Propagation of desirable plants through cultivation from Leaf explants of Cocculus…
*Corresponding Author: Mandaloju Venkateshwarlu www.aijbm.com 64 | Page
6 BAP+L-Gltamic acid 1.0mg/l 1.82±0.05 1.6±0.47 Small buds
7 BAP+L-Gltamic acid 2.0mg/l 1.8±0.05 2.1±0.36 Callus+Shoots(2-4)
8 BAP+L-Gltamic acid 3.0mg/l 2.04±0.06 2.1±0.38 Small shoot
9 BAP+L-Gltamic acid 4.0mg/l 2.08±0.08 1.4±0.40 Shoot (3-6)
10 BAP+L-Gltamic acid 5.0mg/l 2.9±0.08 3.6±2.6 shoots
Callus may be serially sub cultured and grown for extended periods but its composition and structure
may change with tissue as certain cells are favored growth by MS Medium. In the present study, Adenine
Sulphate when used in combination with Benzyl Amino Purine induced multiple shoots. Among the
combinations tested, Benzyl Amino Purine (1.0) with 5.0 mg/l Adenine Sulphate produced maximum number of
shoots with intermittent callus at the basal cut end of the various concentrations Sulphate with Benzyl Amino
Purine and naphthalene acetic acid (Misra et al., 2003). Explant length viability culture conditions such as
growth hormone concentrations and selective explants segments the degree of success of finding plant variants
in vitro culture. Additional example of beneficial variation include stress resistance such as drought tolerance
improved quality number of different factors influence the presence of variations during plant tissue culture.
Plate 1: In vitro Propagation of desirable plants through cultivation from leaf explants of Cocculus orbiculatus.
IV. CONCLUSION
The selection of leaf explants dividing cells are callus cultured on MS media with nutrient and growth
regulators combination to support the callus with small buds. Explants from both mature and immature organs
can be induced to from callus and then plant regeneration. The great potential of In vitro methods of leaf
explants from Cocculus orbiculatus large scale plant production multiplication can be tapped by cutting down
the cost of production per plant by applying low cost tissue culture methods. Plants are examined to establish
whether the expressed in the desired tissue plant cells and tissue to be transformed include in vitro culture leaf
explants
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*Corresponding Author: Mandaloju Venkateshwarlu
Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal Urban- 506 009, T.S. INDIA.