Shoot tip of Curcuma longa L. were used as explants. These explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentration of (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l ) BA and (0,0.5, and 1 mg/l) NAA. They were significant difference (p≤0.05) in each parameter. Explants which cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA and 2 or 3 mg/l BA gave the highest average number of new shoots ( 2.4, 2.6 shoots, respectively) and number of leaf (5.4 leaves), optimum number of roots ( 2.6 roots per shoot) and plant height (4.5 cm). In MS medium supplemented with only 2 mg/l BA produced the highest average number of shoot (2.6 shoots) and 5.4 leaves per shoot. When trimmed explants in longitudinal section (LS) to 2 and 3 sections. At 2 sections gave the highest number of new shoots (4.3 shoots per section). Explants which cultured on MS medium with 60 gm/l gave the highest average shoots and leaves per bunch, longest and biggest size of root.
Effect of BA NAA and 2,4-D on Micropropagation of Jiaogulan (Gynostemma penta...drboon
Shoots tips and axillary buds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino were used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l BA. After 12 weeks, new shoots came out and the MS medium contained with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest shoots (7.28 shoots) and their average height was 2.22 cm. Young leaves were used as explants for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS supplemented with vary concentration of 2,4-D ( 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/l ). After 12 weeks, explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D gave the biggest callus which their average diameter were 0.9375 cm. When cultured explants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino on MS medium supplemented with combination of (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) BA and (0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l) NAA for 12 weeks. The highest average new shoots were induced from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA which was 6.8 shoots, and MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l NAA gave the lowest average new shoots (2.7 shoots), and the average root length (1.8 cm). Plantlets were complete and ready for transplanting to in vivo.
Effect of Colchicine Tablets on Morphology of Torenia fournieridrboon
The document summarizes research on inducing polyploidy in the plant species Torenia fournieri through treatment with colchicine solution. Leaves were soaked in various concentrations of colchicine for different durations. Higher concentrations and longer durations decreased survival rates. Putative polyploids were selected based on larger stomata size and darker green leaves. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting confirmed some plants were induced to tetraploid (4n=36 chromosomes), compared to the normal diploid (2n=18 chromosomes). The highest induction rate was 6.67% for treatment with 15 ppm colchicine for 3 days. Morphological differences between induced tetraploids and control diploids
Differential extraction and gc ms based quantification of sesquiterpenoids fr...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze and quantify sesquiterpenoids extracted from immature heartwood of East Indian sandalwood trees using different solvents. The key findings were:
1) N-hexane was the most effective solvent for extracting santalols, yielding up to 92.6% of total quantified sesquiterpenoids.
2) Z-α-trans-bergamotol, Z-epi-β-santalol and Z-β-santalols were the most abundant constituents in immature heartwood.
3) Sesquiterpenoid diversity decreased with
An evaluation of the phytochemical and nutrient compositionAlexander Decker
The document analyzes the phytochemical and nutrient composition of the seeds and stem bark of Detarium senegalense, a plant used in herbal medicine and as a soup thickener in Nigeria. Analysis found the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins in both seeds and stem bark. Mineral analysis detected calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and zinc. Vitamins detected included riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, and ascorbic acid. Proximate analysis of seeds and stem bark found protein, crude fiber, fats/oil, ash, carbohydrates, and food
Poster70: Transgenic plants carrying an isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene of...CIAT
Transgenic cassava plants carrying an ipt gene from Agrobacterium controlled by a senescence promoter from Arabidopsis retained leaves longer under field conditions compared to controls. While the transgenic plants had higher foliage weight due to increased leaf size and longer petioles, their harvest index and root dry matter content were reduced. This suggests retaining leaves longer impacted yield traits. The transgenic plants also had higher levels of zeatin in senescing leaves and ABA in green tissues, likely due to altered carotenoid metabolism and transport. Further analysis is needed to better understand expression of the senescence promoter in cassava and effects of delayed leaf senescence under drought stress conditions.
SNI 2847-2013 Persyaratan Beton Struktural Untuk Bangunan GedungMira Pemayun
Dokumen ini merupakan standar nasional Indonesia tentang persyaratan beton struktural untuk bangunan gedung. Dokumen ini menjelaskan persyaratan material beton dan tulangan baja, proses pencampuran dan pengecoran beton, desain struktur beton, analisis beban lentur dan tekan, serta pengujian dan penerimaan kualitas beton.
Morphological Change Due to Effects of Acute Gamma Ray on Wishbone Flower (To...drboon
Young shoot tips were used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations of (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l) BA and (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l) NAA. Calli and new shoots were grown on MS medium supplemented with combination of 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA. New shoots averaging 0.5–0.8 cm were irradiated with varying doses of gamma rays (5, 10, 15, 20 grays). Gamma irradiation had various effects on growth of Torenia fournieri. Higher dosage of gamma irradiation reduced plant height, number of roots, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and number of guard cells at abaxial and adaxial epidermis surface. Plant morphology and flower development was also modified.
Effect of BA NAA and 2,4-D on Micropropagation of Jiaogulan (Gynostemma penta...drboon
Shoots tips and axillary buds of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino were used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l BA. After 12 weeks, new shoots came out and the MS medium contained with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest shoots (7.28 shoots) and their average height was 2.22 cm. Young leaves were used as explants for callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS supplemented with vary concentration of 2,4-D ( 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/l ). After 12 weeks, explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D gave the biggest callus which their average diameter were 0.9375 cm. When cultured explants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino on MS medium supplemented with combination of (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) BA and (0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l) NAA for 12 weeks. The highest average new shoots were induced from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA which was 6.8 shoots, and MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l NAA gave the lowest average new shoots (2.7 shoots), and the average root length (1.8 cm). Plantlets were complete and ready for transplanting to in vivo.
Effect of Colchicine Tablets on Morphology of Torenia fournieridrboon
The document summarizes research on inducing polyploidy in the plant species Torenia fournieri through treatment with colchicine solution. Leaves were soaked in various concentrations of colchicine for different durations. Higher concentrations and longer durations decreased survival rates. Putative polyploids were selected based on larger stomata size and darker green leaves. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting confirmed some plants were induced to tetraploid (4n=36 chromosomes), compared to the normal diploid (2n=18 chromosomes). The highest induction rate was 6.67% for treatment with 15 ppm colchicine for 3 days. Morphological differences between induced tetraploids and control diploids
Differential extraction and gc ms based quantification of sesquiterpenoids fr...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze and quantify sesquiterpenoids extracted from immature heartwood of East Indian sandalwood trees using different solvents. The key findings were:
1) N-hexane was the most effective solvent for extracting santalols, yielding up to 92.6% of total quantified sesquiterpenoids.
2) Z-α-trans-bergamotol, Z-epi-β-santalol and Z-β-santalols were the most abundant constituents in immature heartwood.
3) Sesquiterpenoid diversity decreased with
An evaluation of the phytochemical and nutrient compositionAlexander Decker
The document analyzes the phytochemical and nutrient composition of the seeds and stem bark of Detarium senegalense, a plant used in herbal medicine and as a soup thickener in Nigeria. Analysis found the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins in both seeds and stem bark. Mineral analysis detected calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and zinc. Vitamins detected included riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, and ascorbic acid. Proximate analysis of seeds and stem bark found protein, crude fiber, fats/oil, ash, carbohydrates, and food
Poster70: Transgenic plants carrying an isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene of...CIAT
Transgenic cassava plants carrying an ipt gene from Agrobacterium controlled by a senescence promoter from Arabidopsis retained leaves longer under field conditions compared to controls. While the transgenic plants had higher foliage weight due to increased leaf size and longer petioles, their harvest index and root dry matter content were reduced. This suggests retaining leaves longer impacted yield traits. The transgenic plants also had higher levels of zeatin in senescing leaves and ABA in green tissues, likely due to altered carotenoid metabolism and transport. Further analysis is needed to better understand expression of the senescence promoter in cassava and effects of delayed leaf senescence under drought stress conditions.
SNI 2847-2013 Persyaratan Beton Struktural Untuk Bangunan GedungMira Pemayun
Dokumen ini merupakan standar nasional Indonesia tentang persyaratan beton struktural untuk bangunan gedung. Dokumen ini menjelaskan persyaratan material beton dan tulangan baja, proses pencampuran dan pengecoran beton, desain struktur beton, analisis beban lentur dan tekan, serta pengujian dan penerimaan kualitas beton.
Morphological Change Due to Effects of Acute Gamma Ray on Wishbone Flower (To...drboon
Young shoot tips were used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations of (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l) BA and (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l) NAA. Calli and new shoots were grown on MS medium supplemented with combination of 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA. New shoots averaging 0.5–0.8 cm were irradiated with varying doses of gamma rays (5, 10, 15, 20 grays). Gamma irradiation had various effects on growth of Torenia fournieri. Higher dosage of gamma irradiation reduced plant height, number of roots, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and number of guard cells at abaxial and adaxial epidermis surface. Plant morphology and flower development was also modified.
Potential of Benzyl Adenine, Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Sucrose Concentratio...drboon
This document summarizes the results of an experiment on the growth, development, and regeneration of shoots and cormels (storage organs) in Gladiolus using different concentrations of plant growth regulators benzyl adenine (BA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and sucrose. The highest average number of plantlets was obtained by culturing explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-0.5 mg/l BA and 3% sucrose. MS medium without added BA or kinetin but with 3-4% sucrose gave the tallest plantlets. Culturing regenerated plantlets on medium with 0.1-0.5 mg/l NAA and 3% sucrose produced the highest average
The Effect of the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, Benzyl Adenine and Paclobu...drboon
The nodal explants of Curcuma var. Chattip could develop callus after in vitro culturing and transplanting within 4 weeks in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D, although this optimal if the media was further supplemented with 5.0 mg/l BA, obtaining the highest number of new shoots in 6 weeks. MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/l paclobutrazol and 15% (v/v) coconut water was found suitable for regenerating the highest number of new shoots (7.25 shoots). The number of leaves per plantlet, length of leaves, and length of petrioles were significantly reduced (p≤ 0.05) when increased concentrations of paclobutrazol and especially paclobutrazol with 15 % (v/v) coconut water. However further experimentation is required to evaluate the dose-response and the interaction between coconut water and paclobutrazol. In contrast, no significant difference in leaf width in all treatments.
Role of 2,4-D on Callus Induction and Shoot Formation to Increase Number of S...drboon
Stem node of Miniature Rose with axillary bud were used as explants. These explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D. It was found that MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D gave the highest number of green callus. The callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of NAA and BA to form new shoot and root. From the result, we are able to find the highest number of young shoots that were induced from callus when cultured callus on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA. When subcultured all new shoots with the same size to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BA, and 2,4- D for six weeks. The result was significant difference (P≤0.5) when compared the average height of plant and percentage of root formation, but their duration time for flowering were not significant different.
ABSTRACT: The Study was undertaken with an objective to develop a protocol for micropropagation of Pongamia pinnata pierre through shoot apex segments shoot of 0.5 to 1.0 cm were collected and used as a explant. The treatment of 1.0 NaOCl (Sodium hypochloride) (W/v) solution 1 minute to 10 minute time duration. These treated explant washed trice with double distilled water and cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog) medium. In this experiment auxin 2, 4-D, NAA and cytokinin BAP, Kinetin were used for optimization of maximum callus induction.
Shoot apex explant culturing callus induction maximum callus is produced when MS medium with 3.0 mg/l, 2, 4-D and BAP 0.5 mg/l, the optimized physical condition has to be maintain throughout the experiment. In this study about 30 to 35% mature sotmatic embryos germinated after sub culture from shoot apex. Different concentration and combination of NAA, IAA, IBA and BAP were used to inducted rooting on MS based medium. When the hight in vitro shoot, were reached up to 8 cm with healthy shooted roots, the plants were ready for hardening. The complete protocol for somatic embryogenesis, shoot induction, root induction up to hardening.
Types of Media for Seeds Germination and Effect of BA on Mass Propagation of ...drboon
Half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1% activated charcoal was the most effective medium for germinating Nepenthes mirabilis seeds, with 87.57% germination. Shoot tips cultured on half strength MS medium with 2.0 mg/l BA showed the best growth results, with an average height of 1.3 cm. Some shoots cultured in this medium formed calluses at their bases, and proliferated an average of 4.2 new shoots. Half strength MS medium with 3.0 mg/l BA induced the highest percentage of callus formation, at 50%.
Differential Effects of Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulator on Shoot Multiplic...drboon
Explants from young leaves and stem nodes of Oxalis versicolour were used and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of 2,4-D. The best result showed that cluster of callus were formed and proliferated around the base of explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D. Callus transferred to MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of NAA and BA. After nine weeks, callus regenerated to be new shoots. The highest average length of stolon was from MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BA and number of plantlets was from MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l NAA and 5.0 mg/l BA. Plantlets were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of sucrose for ten weeks. It was found that all parameters: number of plantlets, bulbil sized, length of stolon, and number of nodes were significant difference (p≤0.05). Number of flowers and sized of flowers found only in MS medium supplemented with 9–10 % of sucrose.
IRJET- Regeneration studies in chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.)IRJET Journal
This study investigated regeneration in four chickpea varieties using mature embryo axes on MS and B5 media supplemented
with plant growth hormones. The varieties Vijay and Vishal showed 100% regeneration capacity on medium M3 (B5+BAP+NAA+Kinetin).
Regeneration started within 11-16 days depending on the variety and medium. There was variation in number of shoots produced
per explant. Profuse rooting occurred on media with 0.5-1.0 mg/L IBA. The protocol provides an efficient method for chickpea
regeneration that could enable genetic transformation.
The document describes experiments on organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) through tissue culture techniques. It aims to optimize micropropagation and determine genetic fidelity of regenerants. For organogenesis, hypocotyl explants resulted in callus formation while cotyledonary leaf explants led to shoot regeneration. The best medium for this was MS supplemented with auxins, cytokinins and adenine. Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from hypocotyl and cotyledonary leaf explants, with the highest response in the cotyledonary leaf. RAPD analysis showed regenerants were genetically uniform, confirming the clonal fidelity of micropropagated plants.
Multiple shoot induction from the nodal cultures of teasle gourd (Mo...INNS PUBNET
This study developed a protocol for inducing multiple shoots from nodal explants of teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.). Nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and L-Glutamic acid. The highest shoot proliferation was achieved on medium with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L L-Glutamic acid, producing an average of 12 shoots per explant. Subculturing nodal segments on this medium continued shoot proliferation for over 6 months. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L indole-3-but
In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).TAJNE SACHIN
1: In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).
2: About Okra Plant.
3: Application of Tissue culture in Okra.
4: Objective.
5: Material and Method.
6: Methodology.
7: Treatment schedule.
8: Result of Program
9: Conclusion
10:References
Propagation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by tissue culture Abdul Hakim Salehi
Seminar Presented by Abdul Hakim Salehi,
Sr. MSc.(Hort) Fruit Science Department
College of Horticulture Bengaluru,
University of Horticultural Sciences Bagalkot
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
MODIFICATION OF PROTCOL FOR ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF GENOMIC DNAIJESM JOURNAL
A simple and efficient modified protocol for the extraction of high quality of genomic DNA from roots of Salacia oblonga collected from the three different places (Agumbi, Jogimat, Badsii) in Kerala, has been developed. The important modification steps in this CTAB (hexa decacyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) protocol include (a) use of 3.5 M NaCl in extraction buffer, (b) 2M NaCl during precipitation (c) Tris – saturated phenol in place of phenol : choloroform : isoamyl alcohol at purification phase (d) 80% ice cold ethanol for DNA precipitation and at last (e) performing all the reactions at room temperature. The DNA thus extracted from roots have 1.36, 1.7, 1.26 OD at A 260 /280 and the yield was 68, 87, 143 μg/g material. The extracted DNA was found to be suitable for DNA fingerprinting technique, RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) for development of molecular markers studies on genetic diversity. Three different samples (Agumbi, Jogimat, Badsii) in Kerala were subjected to RAPD analysis using 15 different random decamer primer. Out of 15 primers, the amplification was obtained only in 3 primers producing 29 bands showing the greatest genetic polymorphism between the samples.
Measuring Consumer Interest by using Local Binary PatternsIJESM JOURNAL
Using computers to analyze human faces has been an area of recent interest in computer science and psychology. It has been well researched that facial expressions do reflect cognitive behavior, and that individuals observe other‟s facial expressions and then use these to regulate their own behavior in social interactions. This paper describes an intelligent Approach for finding the costumer interest by analyzing the facial expressions of the customer and performs the required action. Upon entering the shop, a customer has his features scanned and analyzed by the computer and the customer is categorized as a browser, future customer, probable customer or buyer. This feature would also tell the sales personnel whether or not the customer requires or desires assistance in the first place. This, for the customer, can mean being directed to products they have been recognized to be more interested in, resulting in savings in time. In this paper we use Local Binary Patterns (LBP) for face recognition. LBP is a non-parametric kernel which summarizes the local spacial structure of an image and it is a invariant to monotonic gray-scale transformations; hence the LBP representation may be less sensitive to changes in illumination. This paper describes the theoretical and conceptual framework for such an intelligent sales assistant and discusses the technology used in its implementation.
Effects of a Composite Endomycorrhizal Inoculum on Olive Cuttings under the G...IJEAB
This study was carried out in a nursery to evaluate the impact of mycorrhizal fungi on the cutting’s root growth, and root colonization of a Moroccan olive variety ‘Picholine Marocaine’ under greenhouse conditions during 2 years of cultivation. The results revealed that the inoculation with a composite inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) stimulated an early root formation and high development of vegetative shoots in inoculated cuttings respectively, 35 days (50 days in the control plots) and 40 days (60 days in the control plots) after their culture. The progressive establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis in the roots of the inoculated plants showed that the root and vegetative masses were respectively 24 g and 19.5 g two years after inoculation. The average height and the leave’s number of the inoculated plants relative to the control were respectively s 42/ 12 cm and 145/12. The newly formed roots were mycorrhizal and present different structures characteristic of AMF: arbuscules, vesicles, hyphae and spores, whose frequency and intensity reached 90% and 75% two years after cuttings cultivation. The arbuscular and vesicular contents and the number of spores were 67%, 96% and 212 spores/ 100 g of soil respectively. The fourteen species of mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere belong to 4 genera (Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora) and three families (Glomaceae, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporacea).The Glomus genus was the most dominant (65%) followed by the Gigaspora genus (22%). Glomus intraradices, Gigaspora sp.2, Glomus versiformes are the most abundant species, their frequency of occurrence are respectively 30%, 21% and 16%.
Micromorphological and micrometric evaluation of securinega leucopyrus (willd...IJSIT Editor
Securinegaleucopyrus (Willd.)Muell, belonging to Euphorbiaceae family. Commonly known in Sri
Lanka by “Katupila” and in Gujarat by “Humri” is a plant used by the indigenous people for the treatment of
wounds and cancer in Sri Lanka. Extracts of leaves had exhibited in vitro broad spectrum antimicrobial
activities. Till date there is no pharmacognostical scientific work has been done on its leaf and stem. For the
first time, T.S of stem, petiole, T.S of leaf through midrib, Surface study and micrometry was carried out.
Results show Rosette crystals and starch grains in petiole, 2-3 layer of palisade parenchyma, spiral vessels in
leaf, stomatal index i.e. 26 in lower epidermis. Powder microscopy of shade dried powder shows prismatic
crystals and oil globules.
This document summarizes a study on developing an efficient micropropagation protocol for the endangered medicinal plant species Exacum bicolor. Nodal segments were used to induce axillary shoot proliferation. The highest multiplication rate of 78% was achieved using MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l GA3. Rooting was most effective using MS medium with 1.0 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l NAA, resulting in 75% of shoots developing roots. Using a hardening medium of garden soil, sand and vermiculite, 80% of regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized.
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb. (Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Sciencetheijes
1. The study used DNA barcoding to identify nine medicinal plant species using sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA.
2. DNA was extracted from the plants and the ITS region was amplified via PCR and sequenced. The ITS sequences were then aligned and analyzed to identify unique patterns for each species.
3. Restriction digestion of the ITS region with EcoRV also produced unique banding patterns that could be used to identify each species. The study demonstrated that DNA barcoding using the ITS region is an effective tool for authentic identification of medicinal plants.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
11(7) 2020 ITJEMAST's published research articlesdrboon
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between positivity, positive affect, negative affect, and perceived stress among cardiac patients. The study hypothesized that perceived stress would mediate the relationship between positivity and positive/negative affect. Researchers surveyed 519 cardiac patients, assessing positivity, perceived stress, and positive/negative affect. The results found that perceived stress mediated the relationship between positive affect and positivity, as well as between negative affect and positivity. Specifically, positivity was negatively correlated with negative affect and perceived stress, while perceived stress was positively correlated with negative affect. The findings suggest that reducing stress and increasing positive emotions can help reduce negative feelings in cardiac patients.
Potential of Benzyl Adenine, Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Sucrose Concentratio...drboon
This document summarizes the results of an experiment on the growth, development, and regeneration of shoots and cormels (storage organs) in Gladiolus using different concentrations of plant growth regulators benzyl adenine (BA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and sucrose. The highest average number of plantlets was obtained by culturing explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-0.5 mg/l BA and 3% sucrose. MS medium without added BA or kinetin but with 3-4% sucrose gave the tallest plantlets. Culturing regenerated plantlets on medium with 0.1-0.5 mg/l NAA and 3% sucrose produced the highest average
The Effect of the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, Benzyl Adenine and Paclobu...drboon
The nodal explants of Curcuma var. Chattip could develop callus after in vitro culturing and transplanting within 4 weeks in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D, although this optimal if the media was further supplemented with 5.0 mg/l BA, obtaining the highest number of new shoots in 6 weeks. MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/l paclobutrazol and 15% (v/v) coconut water was found suitable for regenerating the highest number of new shoots (7.25 shoots). The number of leaves per plantlet, length of leaves, and length of petrioles were significantly reduced (p≤ 0.05) when increased concentrations of paclobutrazol and especially paclobutrazol with 15 % (v/v) coconut water. However further experimentation is required to evaluate the dose-response and the interaction between coconut water and paclobutrazol. In contrast, no significant difference in leaf width in all treatments.
Role of 2,4-D on Callus Induction and Shoot Formation to Increase Number of S...drboon
Stem node of Miniature Rose with axillary bud were used as explants. These explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D. It was found that MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D gave the highest number of green callus. The callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of NAA and BA to form new shoot and root. From the result, we are able to find the highest number of young shoots that were induced from callus when cultured callus on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA. When subcultured all new shoots with the same size to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA and BA, and 2,4- D for six weeks. The result was significant difference (P≤0.5) when compared the average height of plant and percentage of root formation, but their duration time for flowering were not significant different.
ABSTRACT: The Study was undertaken with an objective to develop a protocol for micropropagation of Pongamia pinnata pierre through shoot apex segments shoot of 0.5 to 1.0 cm were collected and used as a explant. The treatment of 1.0 NaOCl (Sodium hypochloride) (W/v) solution 1 minute to 10 minute time duration. These treated explant washed trice with double distilled water and cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog) medium. In this experiment auxin 2, 4-D, NAA and cytokinin BAP, Kinetin were used for optimization of maximum callus induction.
Shoot apex explant culturing callus induction maximum callus is produced when MS medium with 3.0 mg/l, 2, 4-D and BAP 0.5 mg/l, the optimized physical condition has to be maintain throughout the experiment. In this study about 30 to 35% mature sotmatic embryos germinated after sub culture from shoot apex. Different concentration and combination of NAA, IAA, IBA and BAP were used to inducted rooting on MS based medium. When the hight in vitro shoot, were reached up to 8 cm with healthy shooted roots, the plants were ready for hardening. The complete protocol for somatic embryogenesis, shoot induction, root induction up to hardening.
Types of Media for Seeds Germination and Effect of BA on Mass Propagation of ...drboon
Half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1% activated charcoal was the most effective medium for germinating Nepenthes mirabilis seeds, with 87.57% germination. Shoot tips cultured on half strength MS medium with 2.0 mg/l BA showed the best growth results, with an average height of 1.3 cm. Some shoots cultured in this medium formed calluses at their bases, and proliferated an average of 4.2 new shoots. Half strength MS medium with 3.0 mg/l BA induced the highest percentage of callus formation, at 50%.
Differential Effects of Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulator on Shoot Multiplic...drboon
Explants from young leaves and stem nodes of Oxalis versicolour were used and cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of 2,4-D. The best result showed that cluster of callus were formed and proliferated around the base of explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D. Callus transferred to MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of NAA and BA. After nine weeks, callus regenerated to be new shoots. The highest average length of stolon was from MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BA and number of plantlets was from MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l NAA and 5.0 mg/l BA. Plantlets were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of sucrose for ten weeks. It was found that all parameters: number of plantlets, bulbil sized, length of stolon, and number of nodes were significant difference (p≤0.05). Number of flowers and sized of flowers found only in MS medium supplemented with 9–10 % of sucrose.
IRJET- Regeneration studies in chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.)IRJET Journal
This study investigated regeneration in four chickpea varieties using mature embryo axes on MS and B5 media supplemented
with plant growth hormones. The varieties Vijay and Vishal showed 100% regeneration capacity on medium M3 (B5+BAP+NAA+Kinetin).
Regeneration started within 11-16 days depending on the variety and medium. There was variation in number of shoots produced
per explant. Profuse rooting occurred on media with 0.5-1.0 mg/L IBA. The protocol provides an efficient method for chickpea
regeneration that could enable genetic transformation.
The document describes experiments on organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) through tissue culture techniques. It aims to optimize micropropagation and determine genetic fidelity of regenerants. For organogenesis, hypocotyl explants resulted in callus formation while cotyledonary leaf explants led to shoot regeneration. The best medium for this was MS supplemented with auxins, cytokinins and adenine. Somatic embryogenesis was achieved from hypocotyl and cotyledonary leaf explants, with the highest response in the cotyledonary leaf. RAPD analysis showed regenerants were genetically uniform, confirming the clonal fidelity of micropropagated plants.
Multiple shoot induction from the nodal cultures of teasle gourd (Mo...INNS PUBNET
This study developed a protocol for inducing multiple shoots from nodal explants of teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.). Nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and L-Glutamic acid. The highest shoot proliferation was achieved on medium with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L L-Glutamic acid, producing an average of 12 shoots per explant. Subculturing nodal segments on this medium continued shoot proliferation for over 6 months. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L indole-3-but
In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).TAJNE SACHIN
1: In vitro shoot multiplication in okra (Ablemonschus esculentues).
2: About Okra Plant.
3: Application of Tissue culture in Okra.
4: Objective.
5: Material and Method.
6: Methodology.
7: Treatment schedule.
8: Result of Program
9: Conclusion
10:References
Propagation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by tissue culture Abdul Hakim Salehi
Seminar Presented by Abdul Hakim Salehi,
Sr. MSc.(Hort) Fruit Science Department
College of Horticulture Bengaluru,
University of Horticultural Sciences Bagalkot
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
MODIFICATION OF PROTCOL FOR ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF GENOMIC DNAIJESM JOURNAL
A simple and efficient modified protocol for the extraction of high quality of genomic DNA from roots of Salacia oblonga collected from the three different places (Agumbi, Jogimat, Badsii) in Kerala, has been developed. The important modification steps in this CTAB (hexa decacyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) protocol include (a) use of 3.5 M NaCl in extraction buffer, (b) 2M NaCl during precipitation (c) Tris – saturated phenol in place of phenol : choloroform : isoamyl alcohol at purification phase (d) 80% ice cold ethanol for DNA precipitation and at last (e) performing all the reactions at room temperature. The DNA thus extracted from roots have 1.36, 1.7, 1.26 OD at A 260 /280 and the yield was 68, 87, 143 μg/g material. The extracted DNA was found to be suitable for DNA fingerprinting technique, RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) for development of molecular markers studies on genetic diversity. Three different samples (Agumbi, Jogimat, Badsii) in Kerala were subjected to RAPD analysis using 15 different random decamer primer. Out of 15 primers, the amplification was obtained only in 3 primers producing 29 bands showing the greatest genetic polymorphism between the samples.
Measuring Consumer Interest by using Local Binary PatternsIJESM JOURNAL
Using computers to analyze human faces has been an area of recent interest in computer science and psychology. It has been well researched that facial expressions do reflect cognitive behavior, and that individuals observe other‟s facial expressions and then use these to regulate their own behavior in social interactions. This paper describes an intelligent Approach for finding the costumer interest by analyzing the facial expressions of the customer and performs the required action. Upon entering the shop, a customer has his features scanned and analyzed by the computer and the customer is categorized as a browser, future customer, probable customer or buyer. This feature would also tell the sales personnel whether or not the customer requires or desires assistance in the first place. This, for the customer, can mean being directed to products they have been recognized to be more interested in, resulting in savings in time. In this paper we use Local Binary Patterns (LBP) for face recognition. LBP is a non-parametric kernel which summarizes the local spacial structure of an image and it is a invariant to monotonic gray-scale transformations; hence the LBP representation may be less sensitive to changes in illumination. This paper describes the theoretical and conceptual framework for such an intelligent sales assistant and discusses the technology used in its implementation.
Effects of a Composite Endomycorrhizal Inoculum on Olive Cuttings under the G...IJEAB
This study was carried out in a nursery to evaluate the impact of mycorrhizal fungi on the cutting’s root growth, and root colonization of a Moroccan olive variety ‘Picholine Marocaine’ under greenhouse conditions during 2 years of cultivation. The results revealed that the inoculation with a composite inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) stimulated an early root formation and high development of vegetative shoots in inoculated cuttings respectively, 35 days (50 days in the control plots) and 40 days (60 days in the control plots) after their culture. The progressive establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis in the roots of the inoculated plants showed that the root and vegetative masses were respectively 24 g and 19.5 g two years after inoculation. The average height and the leave’s number of the inoculated plants relative to the control were respectively s 42/ 12 cm and 145/12. The newly formed roots were mycorrhizal and present different structures characteristic of AMF: arbuscules, vesicles, hyphae and spores, whose frequency and intensity reached 90% and 75% two years after cuttings cultivation. The arbuscular and vesicular contents and the number of spores were 67%, 96% and 212 spores/ 100 g of soil respectively. The fourteen species of mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the rhizosphere belong to 4 genera (Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora) and three families (Glomaceae, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporacea).The Glomus genus was the most dominant (65%) followed by the Gigaspora genus (22%). Glomus intraradices, Gigaspora sp.2, Glomus versiformes are the most abundant species, their frequency of occurrence are respectively 30%, 21% and 16%.
Micromorphological and micrometric evaluation of securinega leucopyrus (willd...IJSIT Editor
Securinegaleucopyrus (Willd.)Muell, belonging to Euphorbiaceae family. Commonly known in Sri
Lanka by “Katupila” and in Gujarat by “Humri” is a plant used by the indigenous people for the treatment of
wounds and cancer in Sri Lanka. Extracts of leaves had exhibited in vitro broad spectrum antimicrobial
activities. Till date there is no pharmacognostical scientific work has been done on its leaf and stem. For the
first time, T.S of stem, petiole, T.S of leaf through midrib, Surface study and micrometry was carried out.
Results show Rosette crystals and starch grains in petiole, 2-3 layer of palisade parenchyma, spiral vessels in
leaf, stomatal index i.e. 26 in lower epidermis. Powder microscopy of shade dried powder shows prismatic
crystals and oil globules.
This document summarizes a study on developing an efficient micropropagation protocol for the endangered medicinal plant species Exacum bicolor. Nodal segments were used to induce axillary shoot proliferation. The highest multiplication rate of 78% was achieved using MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l GA3. Rooting was most effective using MS medium with 1.0 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l NAA, resulting in 75% of shoots developing roots. Using a hardening medium of garden soil, sand and vermiculite, 80% of regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized.
To conserve endangered medicinal plant species, Exacum bicolor Roxb. (Gentianaceae), an efficient micropropagation protocol was developed by using nodal segments for axillary shoot proliferation. Higher multiplication rate was achieved with 78% on MS medium supplemented with growth hormones, IBA and GA3 at 1.5 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Rooting was more effective with 75% of the node derived in vitro shoots in MS basal medium with the auxins, IBA and NAA at 1.0 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Using the hardening medium containing garden soil, sand and vermiculate in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume, regenerated plantlets could be successfully acclimatized at a rate of 80 % survivability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Sciencetheijes
1. The study used DNA barcoding to identify nine medicinal plant species using sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA.
2. DNA was extracted from the plants and the ITS region was amplified via PCR and sequenced. The ITS sequences were then aligned and analyzed to identify unique patterns for each species.
3. Restriction digestion of the ITS region with EcoRV also produced unique banding patterns that could be used to identify each species. The study demonstrated that DNA barcoding using the ITS region is an effective tool for authentic identification of medicinal plants.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Similar to Effects of NAA BA and Sucrose On Shoot Induction and Rapid Micropropagation by Trimming Shoot Of Curcuma Longa L. (20)
11(7) 2020 ITJEMAST's published research articlesdrboon
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between positivity, positive affect, negative affect, and perceived stress among cardiac patients. The study hypothesized that perceived stress would mediate the relationship between positivity and positive/negative affect. Researchers surveyed 519 cardiac patients, assessing positivity, perceived stress, and positive/negative affect. The results found that perceived stress mediated the relationship between positive affect and positivity, as well as between negative affect and positivity. Specifically, positivity was negatively correlated with negative affect and perceived stress, while perceived stress was positively correlated with negative affect. The findings suggest that reducing stress and increasing positive emotions can help reduce negative feelings in cardiac patients.
11(4) 2020 ITJEMAST Multidisciplinary Research Articlesdrboon
Research papers 2020 Behavioral finance; Personality traits; Behavioral factors; Overconfidence bias; Locus of control; Decision-making; Biased behavior Carbon (CO2) emissions; Economic Growth; Energy consumption; Trade; ARDL Approach; Granger Causality; Energy use Pedestrian start-up time; Street crosswalk, Pedestrian traffic signals; Pedestrians traffic lights; zebra crossings; Intersection crossings Service Attributes; Relationship quality; Relationship outcomes; Banking services; Electronic Customer Relationship Management; Virtual relationships; eBanking; eCRM College town landscape; College town character; Campus community; Urban identity; College town space; Sense of a place; Public Space; University gardens; Cultural identity; Campus identity; Businesses in college towns Emotional quotient; Self-emotional appraisal; Workplace Advice Network (WAN) Centrality; Service Sector Organizations; Sociometric matrix; Interconnectivity of nodes
11(3) 2020 ITJEMAST Multidisciplinary Research Articles drboon
Non-destructive testing method Heat loss Thermal conductivity Specific heat Know-how Psychological contract breach Employees' Workplace behaviour Workplace spirituality Human resource management (HRM) Power sector Positive classroom Male teachers Classroom management system Public primary schools Private primary school Positive motivation students Quality primary education Grout rheology Construction workings High-precision lining Tunneling complex Cement slurry Reinforcement solutions Smart building systems Green architecture Green roof Green design Sustainable environmental architecture Smart energy management Architecture technology Neo-Functionalism Trade integration CPEC agreement Economic integration Regional cooperation Pak-China relations Pak-Iran relations Central Asia Republics Sino-Pakistan Agreement
11(2)2020 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Ap...drboon
Multidisciplinary Management, Journalism and Mass Communication Science (Information and Media Sciences), Political Sciences (International Affairs), Global Studies), Animal Sciences, Feeding Technology, Healthcare Management.
V8(3) 2017:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & ...drboon
Research articles published in V8(3) 2017:: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies ==>
Awareness of Passive Design on Apartment Façade Designs in Putrajaya, Malaysia
127
Comparative Analysis of Low-Cost Housing Policies in Malaysia and Nigeria
139
A Study on Kevin Lynch’s Urban Design Elements: Precinct 9 East Putrajaya
153
Investigating Urban Design Elements of Bandar Baru Sentul, Kuala Lumpur
169
A Study on Sharing Home Ownership Schemes in Malaysia
183
The Impact of Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) and Glazing Type on Energy Consumption in Air-Conditioned Office Buildings
197
Competitiveness Factors of Thai Construction Industry within the AEC Context: A Qualitative Approach
209
Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Government Construction Procurement Problems in Thailand
221
In 3 sentences:
The document discusses the key elements to consider when designing streets for livable cities, including pedestrians, vehicles, parking, and transportation options. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach that considers all users and aspects, such as transportation, safety, the environment, and the economy. The goal is to create streets that are social spaces where people can easily and safely walk, bike, access transit, and spend time, rather than only focus on traffic flow.
Impact of Building Envelope Modification on Energy Performance of High-Rise A...drboon
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the impact of building envelope modifications on the energy performance of high-rise apartments in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Three high-rise apartment buildings were modeled using EnergyPlus software to analyze the effects of thermal insulation and glazing type on potential energy savings. The study found that integrating passive envelope design measures like improved insulation and higher performing glazing could help reduce energy consumption and peak cooling loads in the apartments. Modifying elements of the building envelope, especially the walls and windows, may enable significant energy savings potential for high-rise residential buildings in hot and humid climates.
Enhancement of Space Environment Via Healing Gardendrboon
Green nature, sunlight and fresh air have been known as important component of healing in healthcare facilities. This paper presents the finding of an exploratory study on healing garden elements in healthcare facilities. The purpose of the paper is to find the elements of healing gardens and its healing factors in the existing garden design. In conducting this research study, site observation and informal interview at selected healthcare facilities have been performed. The study reveals the elements of existing garden design, the interactivity and the end users expectation on a garden. The finding shows that lacking some of the elements of garden design lead to less user friendliness and interactivity in the garden. It also shows that the visibility, accessibility, quietness and comfortable condition in the garden give impact to the utilization of the garden.
Design of Quadruped Walking Robot with Spherical Shelldrboon
We propose a new quadruped walking robot with a spherical shell, called "QRoSS." QRoSS is a transformable robot that can store its legs in the spherical shell. The shell not only absorbs external forces from all directions, but also improves mobile performance because of its round shape. In rescue operations at a disaster site, carrying robots into a site is dangerous for operators because doing so may result in a second accident. If QRoSS is used, instead of carrying robots in, they are thrown in, making the operation safe and easy. This paper reports details of the design concept and development of the prototype model. Basic experiments were conducted to verify performance, which includes landing, rising and walking through a series of movements.
Motion Analysis of Pitch Rotation Mechanism for Posture Control of Butterfly-...drboon
We developed a small flapping robot on the basis of movements made by a butterfly with a low flapping frequency of approximately 10 Hz, a few degrees of freedom of the wings, and a large flapping angle. In this study, we clarify the pitch rotation mechanism that is used to control its posture during takeoff for different initial pitch and flapping angles by the experiments of both manufactured robots and simulation models. The results indicate that the pitch angle can be controlled by altering the initial pitch angle at takeoff and the flapping angles. Furthermore, it is suggested that the initial pitch angle generates a proportional increase in the pitch angle during takeoff, and that certain flapping angles are conducive to increasing the tendency for pitch angle transition. Thus, it is shown that the direction of the flight led by periodic changing in the pitch angle can be controlled by optimizing control parameters such as initial pitch and flapping angles.
Analysis of Roll Rotation Mechanism of a Butterfly for Development of a Small...drboon
1) The document analyzes the roll rotation mechanism of a butterfly through computational fluid dynamics simulations using boundary conditions from high-speed camera footage.
2) It finds that during typical pitch rotation flight, differential pressure concentrates at the tip of the forewings, producing roughly matched reaction forces on the left and right wings.
3) During roll rotation flight, differential pressure distributes across the entire wings, with the right reaction force twice as great as the left during the initial downstroke, leading to a large change in roll angle.
Effect of Oryzalin on Growth of Anthurium andraeanum In Vitrodrboon
Apical shoots and lateral buds of Anthurium andraeanum about 0.5 cm grew very well when cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA, kinetin, sucrose and gelrite. When brought young plantlets (the same sized) of A. andraeanum soaked in various concentrations of oryzalin with different duration times. The A. andraeanum plantlets were subcultured into the same medium every 4 weeks for 3 times. It was found that 5.0 mg/l oryzalin with 24 and 72 hours gave the best average number of leaves per bunch, plant height and diameter of bunch. These parameters were reverse proportion, when increased concentration of oryzalin, the growth rate in each parameter was decreased with thick and pale green leaves.
Seismic Capacity Comparisons of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Between Standar...drboon
Earthquakes are cause of serious damage through the building. Therefore, moment resistant frame buildings are widely used as lateral resisting system. Generally three types of moment resisting frames are designed namely Special ductile frames (SDF), Intermediate ductile frames (IDF) and Gravity load designed (GLD) frames, each of which has a certain level of ductility. Comparative studies on the seismic performance of three different ductility of building are performed in this study. The analytical models are considered about failure mode of column (i.e. shear failure, flexural to shear failure and flexural failure); beam-column joint connection, infill wall and flexural foundation. Concepts of incremental dynamic analysis are practiced to assess the required data for performance based evaluations. This study found that the lateral load capacity of GLD, IDF, and SDF building was 19.25, 27.87, and 25.92 %W respectively. The average response spectrum at the collapse state for GLD, IDF, and SDF are 0.75 g, 1.19 g, and 1.33 g, respectively. The results show that SDF is more ductile than IDF and the initial strength of SDF is close to IDF. The results indicate that all of frames are able to resistant a design earthquake.
ITJEMAST5(2): Latest Research from International Transaction Journal of Engin...drboon
An After-Stay Satisfaction Survey of Residents Living in Prefabricated Concrete Structures in Thailand
Hydrothermal Assisted Microwave Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth for Electrochemical Capacitors Electrodes
Group Technology Paves the Road for Automation
Effect of Laser Priming on accumulation of Free Proline in Spring Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) under Salinity Stress
Livable Public Open Space for Citizen’s Quality of Life in Medan, Indonesia
ITJEMAST5(1): Latest Research from International Transaction Journal of Engin...drboon
Latest Research from International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies ITJEMAST5(1):
Effects of Calcination Treatment of Diatomite on Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Methanol
Effect of Blend Ratio on Cure Characteristics, Mechanical Properties, and Aging Resistance of Silica-filled ENR/SBR Blends
An Efficient Formulation of Off-line Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Systems Using Polyhedral Invariant Sets
Effect of Modeling Parameters on System Hydrodynamics of Air Reactor in Chemical Looping Combustion Using CFD Simulation
Flow Behavior of Geldart A and Geldart C Particles in a Co-current Downflow Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor
Optimization of Enzymatic Clarification from Corncob
Synthesis of Alkali Metal/CaO Sorbent for CO2 Capture at Low Temperature
Effect of Exchangeable Cations on Bentonite Swelling Characteristics of Geosy...drboon
1) The study characterized the swelling behavior of bentonite in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
2) The X-ray diffraction results showed that bentonite swelling decreased with increasing valence of exchangeable cations and increasing concentration of permeant solutions. Bentonite swelling was highest with deionized water and lowest with calcium chloride solutions.
3) Scanning electron microscopy images showed that bentonite has a flake-like structure when air-dried but becomes more porous and fluffy after permeation. The porous structure decreased with increasing concentration of calcium chloride solutions.
City Space and Social Values: A Lesson from the Past of Historical City of Tu...drboon
Theory that emerges and tends to impose a new urbanity and liveability is that of Ecopolis of the future - ecologically clean city-which focuses on the concept of sustainable development while giving priority to the relationship between economic, social development and quality of life in the built environment. Traditionally cultural aspect of urbanism contains components with an appropriate sacred cosmic symbolism and an urbanism of social consensus between residents, government and professionals in the creation of the Ecopolis. The empirical focus of this paper is the city within the Islamic cultural tradition. This paper is an attempt to grasp the cultural conception of the Medina of Tunis, Tunisia and the traditional urban regulations by a study of classical religio-architectural treatises of Islam. This article will discuss the approach and the lesson we can learn from the traditional modele in a time of ecological crisis and high urbanization.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
"NATO Hackathon Winner: AI-Powered Drug Search", Taras KlobaFwdays
This is a session that details how PostgreSQL's features and Azure AI Services can be effectively used to significantly enhance the search functionality in any application.
In this session, we'll share insights on how we used PostgreSQL to facilitate precise searches across multiple fields in our mobile application. The techniques include using LIKE and ILIKE operators and integrating a trigram-based search to handle potential misspellings, thereby increasing the search accuracy.
We'll also discuss how the azure_ai extension on PostgreSQL databases in Azure and Azure AI Services were utilized to create vectors from user input, a feature beneficial when users wish to find specific items based on text prompts. While our application's case study involves a drug search, the techniques and principles shared in this session can be adapted to improve search functionality in a wide range of applications. Join us to learn how PostgreSQL and Azure AI can be harnessed to enhance your application's search capability.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
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Effects of NAA BA and Sucrose On Shoot Induction and Rapid Micropropagation by Trimming Shoot Of Curcuma Longa L.
1. 2012 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies.
International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies
http://TuEngr.com, http://go.to/Research
Effects of NAA BA and Sucrose On Shoot Induction
and Rapid Micropropagation by Trimming Shoot Of
Curcuma Longa L.
a*
Anchalee Jala
a
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University,
THAILAND
ARTICLEINFO A B S T RA C T
Article history: Shoot tip of Curcuma longa L. were used as explants.
Received 23 December 2011
Received in revised form These explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with
29 January 2012 various concentration of (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l ) BA and (0,0.5, and
Accepted 09 February 2012 1 mg/l) NAA. They were significant difference (p≤0.05) in each
Available online
10 February 2012 parameter. Explants which cultured on MS medium
Keywords: supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA and 2 or 3 mg/l BA gave the
Curcuma longa L.; highest average number of new shoots ( 2.4, 2.6 shoots,
BA; respectively) and number of leaf (5.4 leaves), optimum number
NAA; of roots ( 2.6 roots per shoot) and plant height (4.5 cm). In MS
sucrose; medium supplemented with only 2 mg/l BA produced the highest
trimming average number of shoot (2.6 shoots) and 5.4 leaves per shoot.
When trimmed explants in longitudinal section (LS) to 2 and 3
sections. At 2 sections gave the highest number of new shoots
(4.3 shoots per section). Explants which cultured on MS medium
with 60 gm/l gave the highest average shoots and leaves per bunch,
longest and biggest size of root.
2012 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, &
Applied Sciences & Technologies.
*Corresponding author (Anchalee Jala). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5644440-59 Ext. 2450. E-mail:
anchaleejala@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.2 ISSN 2228-9860
101
eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/101-109.pdf.
2. 1. Introduction
Curcuma longa L. is belong to Family Zingiberaceae , produces edible rhizome which
use as a medicine and food additive. Rhizome was used for peptic ulcer (Prucksunand et
al,.2001), gastic ulcer (Kositchaiwat et al., 1993) and dyspepsia (Thamlikitkul et al., 1989).
Micropropagation gave many plantlets which true to type and provided uniform plants.
(George, 1993). High quality of Curcuma longa with high and constant level of curcuminoids
and volatile oil were wanted to get multiple their plants. In vitro propagations of Curcuma
longa have been done (Yasuda et al,. 1988, Salvi et al., 2000, 2001, 2002 and Prathanturarug et
al., 2003, 2005).
This work involved investigations about size of shoot tip which trimmed in small pieces
and studied the effect of BA, NAA and sucrose concentration which effected on number of new
shoots and new roots for large scale propagation.
2. Materials and Method
MS medium was used as culturing medium, sprout of young shoots tip about 1.5 cm long
were used as explants. All explants were washed many times with running tap water, then
soaked in 70% alcohol for 3 min and transferred to 10% clorox for 20 min and followed by 5%
Clorox for 10 min. then rinsed 3 times with sterile distilled water for 3 min. each. All shoot
bud explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with vary concentration of (0, 1, 2, 3,
4 mg/l) BA and (0, 0.5, 1 mg/l) NAA for initiation, elongation, regeneration and shoot bud
formation. The second experiment: Shoot tip about 0.5 cm long were used for trimming in
longitudinal section with half (2 sections) and 3 sections per shoot tip. The third experiment:
Shoot tip about 0.5 cm long were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
gm/l of sucrose. All cultures were placed at 25±2ºC under cool white florescent light
-2 -1
(37µmolm S ) for 16/8 h. photoperiod.
3. Statistical analysis
The data were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess treatment
differences and interaction using the SPSS version 11.0 significance between means was tested
by DMRT’s Test (p≤0.05).This experiment with 25 replications per treatments.
102 Anchalee Jala
3. 4. Result and Discussion
After cultured explants on MS medium with vary concentration of (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) BA
and (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) NAA for initial studied. Clean cultured of explants were subcultured
every 3 weeks in the same culture medium for 4 times. Explants grew up and the parameters
of growth were studied as:
4.1 Effect of NAA and BA on growth of plantlet
Shoot tip about 0.5 cm were used as explants and cultured on MS medium consisted of
vary concentration of (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) BA and (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) NAA. All parameters
which are number of new shoots, leaf, roots, and plants height were recorded after cultured for
12 weeks. It was found that all parameters were significant difference (p≤ 0.05) among their
treatments as shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Average number of new shoot, root, leaf and plant height of Curcuma longa L. on MS
medium supplemented with combination of BA and NAA after cultured for 12 weeks.
MS supplemented number of number number plant
with new of of height
NAA BA shoot* leaf* root* (cm)*
(mg/l) (mg/l)
0 0 1.8bc 0.6f 0.6fg 2.34gh
0 1 1.2d 1.0ef 1.2def 3.04ef
0 2 2.6a 5.4a 2.6bc 4.5b
0 3 1.6cd 0.6f 1.6de 3.34def
0 4 1.8bc 3.2b 1.8de 4.78a
0.5 0 1.0d 2.2c 2.2cd 4.86a
0.5 1 1.6cd 1.2ef 0.6gh 3.46cde
0.5 2 1.2d 0.0 0.2h 2.28gh
0.5 3 1.0d 1.8d 0.6gh 3.56bcd
0.5 4 1.6cd 2.0c 1.6de 3.14def
1.0 0 1.0d 0.6f 0.8fg 3.00ef
1.0 1 1.4cd 2.2c 2.8b 3.12def
1.0 2 2.4ab 1.6de 3.0ab 3.6bcd
1.0 3 2.6a 1.6de 2.6bc 3.44cde
1.0 4 1.8bc 4.0ab 3.2a 3.36def
* significant difference (p≤ 0.05),
a b c- Average compared mean within column by Duncan’s multiple range test (p≤ 0.05)
It is evident from Table 1 that among all treatments, the average number of 2.6 and 2.4
new shoots were the highest. These new shoots were cultured on MS medium
*Corresponding author (Anchalee Jala). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5644440-59 Ext. 2450. E-mail:
anchaleejala@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.2 ISSN 2228-9860
103
eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/101-109.pdf.
4. supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA and 2 or 3 mg/l BA, ( respectively) . MS medium
supplemented with only 2 mg/l BA also produced the highest average number of new shoots
(2.6 shoots), number of leaves (5.4 leaves) and optimum number of roots (2.6 roots per shoot)
and plant height (4.5 cm). As Shukla et al.(2007) had done with Curcuma angustifolia Rozbi
which used 3 mg/l BAP could produced 6.9 shoots per explants within 6 weeks . Nasirujjaman
et al.(2005) had done with Curcuma longa and cultured young shoot on WPM medium
supplemented with 4 mg/l BAP which was the best medium to regenerated new shoot (6.25
shoots per plant) within 2 weeks. In Zingiber officinale Rosc. which related family to
turmeric, was reported by Balachandran et al (1990). Malamug et al. (1991) and
Sunitibala et al. (2001) reported that MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l NAA
was able to regenerate the optimum clonal propagation of turmeric by rhizome bud culture.
Table 2: Average of new shoots per section of Curcuma longa which cultured on MS medium
supplement with 3 mg/l BA for 4 weeks.
trimming in longitudinal Average of new shoot
section (shoot)*
Not trimmed (controlled) 2.20 c
2 sections 4.30 a
3 sections 3.50 b
* Significant difference (P≤ 0.05)
abc - Average compared mean within column by Duncan’s multiple range test at (p≤ 0.05).
4.2 Induced new shoots from trimming shoot tip
After trimming shoot tip in longitudinal section to 2 and 3 sections, all of sections were
cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l BA. After cultured the section of shoot tip
for 4 weeks, many new shoots were regenerated at the base of section which contract to the
medium in each sections and the result were recorded in Table 2. When compared the average
number of new shoots which regenerated from each sections. It was significant difference ( p≤
0.05) from each other. Shoot tip which trimmed in half (2 sections) gave the highest number
of new shoots (4.3 shoots) when compared to the control (2.2 shoots) and trimmed in 3 sections
(3.5 shoots) was the second.
104 Anchalee Jala
5. Figure 1: New shoots regenerated from section which cultured on MS medium supplemented
with 3 mg/l BA for 4 weeks a) no trimmed b) 2 section c) 3 sections.
As Balachandran et al. (1990) reported a proliferation rate of 3.43 shoot/bud from
Curcuma sp. after growing the terminal bud on MS medium supplemented with 13.32 µMBA
for 4 weeks. Salvi et al. (2002) also reported that shoot multiplication rates of 4.2, 3.5 and 6.6
shoots/explants for 8 weeks in liquid medium supplemented with 1µM NAA and BA, kinetin
or 2iP (10µM each), respectively. Prathanturarug et al. (2003, 2005) also reported a high
frequency shoot multiplication (18.22 shoots/explants) after culturing terminal bud explants on
MS medium supplemented with 18.17 µM thidiazuron for 12 weeks. Ora-Ubon (1991)
reported that trimmed shoot tip of Curcuma sparnifolia Gagnep were increased new shoot tip
more than no trimming. Phaephun et al. (2006, 2007) had trimmed Curcuma paviflora hybrid
to 2, 3 and 4 section. The result showed that 2 sections gave the highest new shoots and 3
sections was the second.
4.3 Effect of sucrose concentration for shoot induction
When cultured young shoot tip about 1 cm. long on MS medium supplemented with vary
concentration of (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7%) sugar for 12 weeks. The result showed that plant grew up
and their were significant different (p≤0.05) between their parameter except number of root was
not significant difference (Table 3). However, a significant difference increases in shoot
length, number of leaf, leaf width and size of root were observed. In MS medium
supplemented with 6% sugar gave the highest average new shoots per bunch also number of
leaves per bunch, leaf width and size of root where as 13.4 shoots, 56.8 leaves, 2.25cm, and
2.1cm, respectively. Numbers of roots in each treatment were 1.7 – 2.1. In MS medium
supplemented with 4 % gave the highest average number of root length where as 14.15 cm.
Sucrose is widely used as a standard carbon source for plant tissue culture, and different
concentrations and different osmotic environments have been used. Barthakur and Bordoloi
*Corresponding author (Anchalee Jala). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5644440-59 Ext. 2450. E-mail:
anchaleejala@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.2 ISSN 2228-9860
105
eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/101-109.pdf.
6. (1992), Sanghamitra and Nayak (2000) Sunitibala et al. (2001) and Adelberg and
Cousins(2007) reported that MS medium supplemented with 6% sucrose led to increased
turmeric plant size, leaf and root. (As Das et al. (2010) reported that 2% sugar that low
concentration of sugar could be best for in vitro multiplication of Curcuma sp. However high
concentration of sugar source has been found to be ideal for in vitro microrhizome production
in Zingiber officinale ( Zheng et al., 2008), but Raghu (1997) produced microrhizomes turmeric
on MS medium supplemented with 10%sucrose.
Table 3: Effect of concentration of sugar in MS medium on number of shoot per bunch, number
of leaf per bunch, leaf width, leaf petiole length, leaf length, number of root, root length, and
size of root of Curcuma longa L. after cultured for 12 weeks.
shoot/bunch
leaves/bunc
Leaf
Sucrose
No. of
No. of
Conc.
Leaf Leaf No. of Root Size of
Petiole
h*
*
width* length* root ns length* root*
Length*
0 3.2f 12.6f 2.5b 9.7ab 7.6 a 0.2 0.51f 1b
±0.971 ±4.540 ±00.098 ±0.405 ±0.366 ±0.152 ±1.943 ±0.006
3% 6.9e 39.8e 2.71a 10.81ab 8.7 b 1.7 1.53 e 1b
±2.377 ±9.070 ±0.228 ±0.977 ±0.777 ±0.163 ±1.955 ±0.133
4% 8.9d 46.5c 1.89b 10.42ab 9.09b 1.6 14.15 a 1.2 b
±2.280 ±4.230 ±0.102 ± 0.453 ±0.679 ±0.314 ±1.824 ±0.166
5% 11.9b 44.9d 2.07b 11.0 a 8.9b 1.9 11.75b 1.5ab
±3.528 ±11.27 ±0.351 ±1.115 ±0.619 ±0.20 ±1.608 ±0.276
6% 13.4a 56.8a 2.25b 8.65 ab 7.175a 1.8 8.9d 2.1 a
±1.653 ±6.130 ±1.097 ±0.922 ±0.28 ±0.29 ±1.654 ±0.314
7% 10.7c 50.5b 2.2b 7.25c 9.1b 2.1 10.6c 2.1a
±1.046 ±3.339 ±0.453 ±0.047 ±0.471 ±1.044 ±0.843 ±0.110
* Significant difference (P≤ 0.05)
abc - Average compared mean within column by Duncan’s multiple range test at (p≤ 0.05)
Size of root: Small and thin, diameter about 0.5- 1mm = 1,
Medium: diameter about 1-1.5 mm = 2,
Large: diameter more than 1.5 mm = 3,
Number of root: 1 - 5 roots = 1, 6 -10 roots = 2, More than 11 roots = 3.
5. Conclusion
Shoots tip of Curcuma longa L. about 0.5–1cm long were used as explants. These explants
were cultured on MS medium supplemented with vary concentration of (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) BA
and (0 0.5 and 1 mg/l) NAA for initial studied. Clean cultured of explants were subcultured
every 3 weeks in the same culture for 4 times. Explants grew up and all parameters were
significant difference among treatments. The highest average number of new shoots (2.6 and
106 Anchalee Jala
7. 2.4 new shoot) were came from explants which cultured on MS medium supplemented with
1mg/l NAA and 2, 3mg/l BA, (respectively) and MS medium supplemented with only 2mg/l
BA also produced the highest average number of new shoots (2.6 shoots), number of leaves (5.4
leaves) and optimum number of roots (2.6 roots per shoot) and plant height (4.5 cm).
After trimming shoot tip in longitudinal section to 2 and 3 sections, and cultured on MS
medium supplemented with 3 mg/l BA. Many new shoots were regenerated at the base of
sections. It was significant different (p≤ 0.05) between their treatments. Shoot tip which
trimmed in half (2 sections) gave the highest number of new shoots (4.3 shoots) when
compared to the control (2.2 shoots) and trimmed in 3 sections (3.5 shoots) was the second.
MS medium supplemented with 6 % sugar was significant different (p≤ 0.05) and gave the
highest average on number of shoot and leaf per bunch, leaf width, leaf petiole length, leaf
length, number of root, root length, and size of root.
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Dr.Anchalee Jala is an Associate Professor in Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumtani , Thailand. Her teaching is in the areas of
botany and plant tissue culture. She is also very active in plant tissue culture research.
Peer Review: This article has been internationally peer-reviewed and accepted for publication
according to the guidelines given at the journal’s website.
*Corresponding author (Anchalee Jala). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5644440-59 Ext. 2450. E-mail:
anchaleejala@yahoo.com. 2012. International Transaction Journal of Engineering,
Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 3 No.2 ISSN 2228-9860
109
eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V03/101-109.pdf.