The document discusses various types of securities and investments including stocks, bonds, and other investment vehicles. It provides details on stock exchanges in Pakistan like the Karachi Stock Exchange, as well as the different types of stocks and bonds available in Pakistan. It also briefly discusses investment banks, securities markets, and regulatory bodies like the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan.

1. CHAPTER 19 Understanding Securities and Investments

3. What Are Securities? Stocks and bonds representing secured , or asset-based , claims by investors against issuers

4. What is the Primary Securities Market? Market in which new stocks and bonds are bought and sold

5. What is the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)? Federal agency that administers Pakistan’s securities laws to protect the investing public and maintain smoothly functioning markets

7. What is an Investment Bank? Financial institution engaged in issuing and reselling new securities

9. What is the Secondary Securities Market? Market in which stocks and bonds are traded

14. What is a Stock Exchange? Organization of individuals formed to provide an institutional setting in which stock can be traded

18. What is a Bond? Security through which an issuer promises to pay the buyer a certain amount of money by a specified future date

24. Bull and Bear Markets