This document provides an overview of the HVAC systems for the NSLS-II facility. It discusses design criteria including codes, standards and regulations. It outlines indoor and outdoor design conditions. It then describes the various HVAC systems that will serve different areas of the facility like laboratories, tunnels, experimental halls and more. These include air handling units, chilled water systems, cooling towers and air distribution components. The goal is to precisely control temperature and humidity in sensitive areas while meeting ventilation requirements.
CIBSE Yorkshire 2014 - Public Pool CPD by MenergaCIBSE_Yorkshire
Presentation by Menerga for CIBSE Yorkshire looking at HVAC in swimming pool design including corrosion, acid attack, insulation, methods of calculation and relevant design standards as well as methods to reduce energy use.
The document provides an overview of pool dehumidification systems and discusses the current issues facing hotel pools without proper dehumidification. It summarizes recommendations from the Ontario Building Code and CDC on pool ventilation and indoor air quality. The current systems in various Sandman hotels are described as having excessive humidity issues requiring costly repairs. Two proposed dehumidification systems, Dry O Tron and Soresco, are presented as solutions that could provide annual operating cost savings of $9,700-$18,900 by reducing humidity-related repairs.
Spirax Sarco provides steam system solutions and services including surveys, audits, installation, engineering, packaged solutions, controls, steam traps, condensate pumps, high purity products, pipeline ancillaries, and training. Their services help improve steam system efficiency, productivity, and safety through solutions tailored to customer needs and budgets.
This document discusses HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It provides details on:
- HVAC energy consumption for a lab building, with cooling and heating accounting for over 60% of annual energy use.
- Common temperature and humidity setpoints for HVAC systems.
- The main components of HVAC systems including boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes.
- How air handling units heat, cool, humidify and distribute air to rooms while also bringing in outside air.
- How variable air volume boxes control room temperature and air flow.
- Real-world issues that can cause HVAC systems to operate differently than intended.
This document discusses HVAC systems and their energy consumption. It provides details on HVAC components like boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes. It explains the functions of heating, cooling, humidification, ventilation and how outside air is used for economizer mode. Diagrams show how air flows through the system and components in an air handling unit. Common issues that can occur in real-world systems are also addressed.
The Siemens Room Renovation project involved replacing the HVAC system in room E 219 of the Olmsted Building. An ME team analyzed the old fan coil system and considered three replacement options: a two-pipe fan coil system, variable air volume system, and chilled beam system. They determined the updated fan coil system would be the most cost effective solution. The project scope was to research systems, install and commission the new HVAC by spring 2015, and benchmark the installed system.
New chiller requirements go into effect on Jan. 1, 2015. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, Addendum ch details minimum performance requirements of heating and air conditioning equipment, including chillers, boilers, and packaged equipment, which continue to increase from the previous standard.
Equipment efficiencies are increased for heat pumps, packaged terminal air conditioners, single package vertical heat pumps, air conditioners, and evaporative condensers. Additional provisions address commercial refrigeration equipment, improved controls on heat rejection and boiler equipment, requirements for expanded use of energy recovery, small motor efficiencies, and fan power control and credits. Control revision requirements have been added to the standard such as direct digital controls in many applications. Finally, the 2013 edition completes the work that was begun on equipment efficiencies for chillers in the 2010 edition.
While Addendum ch may simplify these requirements for consulting engineers, chiller manufacturers are faced with equipment redesigns to comply by the deadline. Also, designers must pay special attention to which path of compliance will be used when testing chillers with or without variable frequency drives (VFDs).
CIBSE Yorkshire 2014 - Public Pool CPD by MenergaCIBSE_Yorkshire
Presentation by Menerga for CIBSE Yorkshire looking at HVAC in swimming pool design including corrosion, acid attack, insulation, methods of calculation and relevant design standards as well as methods to reduce energy use.
The document provides an overview of pool dehumidification systems and discusses the current issues facing hotel pools without proper dehumidification. It summarizes recommendations from the Ontario Building Code and CDC on pool ventilation and indoor air quality. The current systems in various Sandman hotels are described as having excessive humidity issues requiring costly repairs. Two proposed dehumidification systems, Dry O Tron and Soresco, are presented as solutions that could provide annual operating cost savings of $9,700-$18,900 by reducing humidity-related repairs.
Spirax Sarco provides steam system solutions and services including surveys, audits, installation, engineering, packaged solutions, controls, steam traps, condensate pumps, high purity products, pipeline ancillaries, and training. Their services help improve steam system efficiency, productivity, and safety through solutions tailored to customer needs and budgets.
This document discusses HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It provides details on:
- HVAC energy consumption for a lab building, with cooling and heating accounting for over 60% of annual energy use.
- Common temperature and humidity setpoints for HVAC systems.
- The main components of HVAC systems including boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes.
- How air handling units heat, cool, humidify and distribute air to rooms while also bringing in outside air.
- How variable air volume boxes control room temperature and air flow.
- Real-world issues that can cause HVAC systems to operate differently than intended.
This document discusses HVAC systems and their energy consumption. It provides details on HVAC components like boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes. It explains the functions of heating, cooling, humidification, ventilation and how outside air is used for economizer mode. Diagrams show how air flows through the system and components in an air handling unit. Common issues that can occur in real-world systems are also addressed.
The Siemens Room Renovation project involved replacing the HVAC system in room E 219 of the Olmsted Building. An ME team analyzed the old fan coil system and considered three replacement options: a two-pipe fan coil system, variable air volume system, and chilled beam system. They determined the updated fan coil system would be the most cost effective solution. The project scope was to research systems, install and commission the new HVAC by spring 2015, and benchmark the installed system.
New chiller requirements go into effect on Jan. 1, 2015. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, Addendum ch details minimum performance requirements of heating and air conditioning equipment, including chillers, boilers, and packaged equipment, which continue to increase from the previous standard.
Equipment efficiencies are increased for heat pumps, packaged terminal air conditioners, single package vertical heat pumps, air conditioners, and evaporative condensers. Additional provisions address commercial refrigeration equipment, improved controls on heat rejection and boiler equipment, requirements for expanded use of energy recovery, small motor efficiencies, and fan power control and credits. Control revision requirements have been added to the standard such as direct digital controls in many applications. Finally, the 2013 edition completes the work that was begun on equipment efficiencies for chillers in the 2010 edition.
While Addendum ch may simplify these requirements for consulting engineers, chiller manufacturers are faced with equipment redesigns to comply by the deadline. Also, designers must pay special attention to which path of compliance will be used when testing chillers with or without variable frequency drives (VFDs).
This is a general idea discussion, how we can improve our control methods by adding some control elements in conventional control loops (specially in solid fuel boilers)
This document provides specifications for MacQuay mini air-cooled chiller models MAC 040A/AR through MAC 125B/BR. It details the units' features such as their compact design with separate refrigerant and water circuits, environmentally friendly R22 refrigerant charging, and versatility to couple with fan coil units. It also provides information on the units' components, refrigeration circuit, safety controls, antifreeze protection, standard factory settings, and microprocessor controller functions.
This document summarizes the results of a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis of airflow in a data center before and after implementing FlowLogix airflow management solutions. The current environment shows issues like hot air recirculation causing hot spots, unbalanced static pressure leading to inefficient airflow, and lack of temperature monitoring. After FlowLogix installation, the analysis shows improved airflow balance and control directing more cold air to equipment, lower average and maximum inlet temperatures, and elimination of hot spots. Continuous environmental monitoring and annual CFD maintenance are included to optimize efficiencies over time.
HVAC system is very important part of a pharmaceutical company. So that we must know the basic term or procedure of a Pharmaceutical HVAC system. We are tying to give a brief description about HVAC system in our Slide. Hope all of u like it. Thank u..
The document provides information about Heat Interface Units (HIUs) made by Altecnic. It discusses the benefits of HIUs, including improving energy efficiency by enabling the use of central boilers. It describes three main Altecnic HIU models and their operation, components, and benefits such as electronic control units that precisely control temperatures. The document also outlines other features of Altecnic HIUs that improve efficiency, such as compensating heating temperatures, domestic hot water priority, and monitored heat exchangers.
Reversible air/water heat pump for outdoor installation. Suitable for air-conditioning and heating, and the production of domestic hot water for small/medium services.
Cooling capacity: 8.81 ÷ 14.12 kW
Heating capacity: 11.04 ÷ 16.88 kW
R410A refrigerant
Cooling and heating
DHW
Scroll compressor
Axial fan
Plate exchanger
Pump kit (Option)
Water tank (Option)
Network operation (Option)
Compatible with ModBus protocol (Option)
Compatible with VMF system (Variable Multi Flow) (Option)
Internet connection (Option)
For two pipes plants
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems and control strategies. It describes the basic principles of why automatic controls are needed for HVAC systems, common types of HVAC systems including self-contained units and central systems, parameters that are controlled like temperature, humidity, ventilation and pressure. It also summarizes different control strategies used for HVAC systems under part-load conditions like cycling, modulation, and staging.
The document provides an overview of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It begins with definitions of HVAC and its components. It then discusses the history of HVAC, with Willis Carrier inventing modern air conditioning in 1902. Applications of HVAC include shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and pharmaceutical industries. The document also covers clean rooms, airlocks, HVAC qualification processes including design, installation, operation and performance qualification tests.
High-Efficiency Heating Rooftop Units (RTUs): The Final Frontier for Condensi...E Source Companies, LLC
As gas programs finish capturing low-hanging fruit and achieving cost-effectiveness gets tougher, it’s important that we bring more winning gas technologies into programs. Come learn how promising gas measures—like condensing rooftop units, HVAC controls, and ozone laundry—are generating cost-effective energy savings and moving from pilots to programs.
The document provides specifications for air source heat pump systems from Ecotec Heat Pumps Ltd. It outlines the objectives of exploiting renewable energy from the air to provide low-carbon heating and hot water. It describes the key components of an air source heat pump system including the heat pump unit, buffer tanks, pumps and controls. It provides detailed performance specifications for design, installation, testing and commissioning. The warranty and scope of work are also summarized.
Refrigeration Cycle. دائرة التكييف
Gauge set and refrigerant عدادات
Installing Gauges.تركيب عداد الغاز
Service ports and valves صمامات الخدمة
Refrigerant Types.أنواع غاز التكييف
Discharging, تفريغ الغاز
Evacuating and شفط الهواء و الرطوبة
Recharging إعادة شحن الغاز
Superheat & Subcooling الغاز المحمص و المبرد.
Pressures of Refrigerants.ضغوط أنواع غازات التكييف
Electronic Refrigerant Identifier Instrument جهاز كشف نوعية غاز التكييف
The document discusses preventative maintenance of HVAC systems. It outlines several key aspects of a preventative maintenance program, including keeping heat transfer surfaces and air handling equipment clean to optimize efficiency. It also discusses checking safety controls, lubricating moving parts, monitoring for refrigerant leaks, and maintaining equipment logs. The document notes how factors like discharge pressure, suction pressure, superheating, and subcooling can impact system capacity and power consumption. It provides tips to prevent issues like increased discharge pressure through regular cleaning of air-cooled condensers and water strainers.
Hvac Heating, Ventilation and Air ConditioningDeepak Jayan
ake coupled systems are run to a sufficient body of water, and the coils are submerged in the water. The coils are wrapped in overlapping circles. The coils must be submerged at least 8ft to prevent freezing.
Operate on simple refrigeration cycle
Reversing the cycle provides heating
Temperature limitations
Air to air
Water source
Geothermal
Lake coupled
Hvac controls operation and maintenance 3rd edition g. w. guptonronald59
This chapter provides an overview of the basic functions of HVAC systems and control systems. HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfortable temperature, humidity, and air distribution within a building. Control systems directly regulate these parameters. Temperature can be controlled by varying supply air temperature, airflow rate, or both. Humidity is controlled through dehumidification and humidification. Airflow rate is controlled through fans or dampers. Pressure is also controlled in variable air volume systems.
This document is a table of contents for an HVAC systems and equipment handbook. It lists 51 chapters organized under headings for air conditioning and heating systems, air handling equipment and components, heating equipment and components, cooling equipment and components, general components, and packaged/unitary and split-system equipment. The table of contents provides an overview of the topics covered in the handbook, including various HVAC system types, components, and general subjects.
This document provides an overview of HVAC basics, including mechanical systems and their costs, HVAC equipment per square foot, building envelope considerations, load calculations, heat transfer principles, common system types like packaged rooftop units and VAV systems, and energy efficiency strategies like economizers and heat recovery. It also discusses topics like comfort, psychrometrics, ventilation rates over time, acoustics, and LEED products. Mechanical room space requirements, window properties, kitchen hood regulations are reviewed. Resources for additional information are listed.
Pharmaceutical HVAC (Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also heating...Palash Das
This slide is represent the HVAC design,qualification and operational approach. As we know HVAC is important system for maintaining clean room. This presentation is made based on the requirement of Pharmaceutical Industry. All parameter are considered based on the current guidelines aspect.
The document discusses several sustainable energy projects at NJIT, including upgrades to the campus-wide control system involving demand-based HVAC, lighting, and building controls. Specific buildings mentioned include the Campus Center, Fenster Hall, GITC, Oak Hall, and Weston Hall. Features described include variable speed pumping and cooling, chilled water reset, and heat recovery systems. Performance data and energy savings from the projects are presented.
Theory and fundamentals of Active Chilled Beams presented at the Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE, February 8, 2011. Presented by Matt Green of Thermosystems.
This is a general idea discussion, how we can improve our control methods by adding some control elements in conventional control loops (specially in solid fuel boilers)
This document provides specifications for MacQuay mini air-cooled chiller models MAC 040A/AR through MAC 125B/BR. It details the units' features such as their compact design with separate refrigerant and water circuits, environmentally friendly R22 refrigerant charging, and versatility to couple with fan coil units. It also provides information on the units' components, refrigeration circuit, safety controls, antifreeze protection, standard factory settings, and microprocessor controller functions.
This document summarizes the results of a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis of airflow in a data center before and after implementing FlowLogix airflow management solutions. The current environment shows issues like hot air recirculation causing hot spots, unbalanced static pressure leading to inefficient airflow, and lack of temperature monitoring. After FlowLogix installation, the analysis shows improved airflow balance and control directing more cold air to equipment, lower average and maximum inlet temperatures, and elimination of hot spots. Continuous environmental monitoring and annual CFD maintenance are included to optimize efficiencies over time.
HVAC system is very important part of a pharmaceutical company. So that we must know the basic term or procedure of a Pharmaceutical HVAC system. We are tying to give a brief description about HVAC system in our Slide. Hope all of u like it. Thank u..
The document provides information about Heat Interface Units (HIUs) made by Altecnic. It discusses the benefits of HIUs, including improving energy efficiency by enabling the use of central boilers. It describes three main Altecnic HIU models and their operation, components, and benefits such as electronic control units that precisely control temperatures. The document also outlines other features of Altecnic HIUs that improve efficiency, such as compensating heating temperatures, domestic hot water priority, and monitored heat exchangers.
Reversible air/water heat pump for outdoor installation. Suitable for air-conditioning and heating, and the production of domestic hot water for small/medium services.
Cooling capacity: 8.81 ÷ 14.12 kW
Heating capacity: 11.04 ÷ 16.88 kW
R410A refrigerant
Cooling and heating
DHW
Scroll compressor
Axial fan
Plate exchanger
Pump kit (Option)
Water tank (Option)
Network operation (Option)
Compatible with ModBus protocol (Option)
Compatible with VMF system (Variable Multi Flow) (Option)
Internet connection (Option)
For two pipes plants
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
This document provides an overview of HVAC systems and control strategies. It describes the basic principles of why automatic controls are needed for HVAC systems, common types of HVAC systems including self-contained units and central systems, parameters that are controlled like temperature, humidity, ventilation and pressure. It also summarizes different control strategies used for HVAC systems under part-load conditions like cycling, modulation, and staging.
The document provides an overview of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It begins with definitions of HVAC and its components. It then discusses the history of HVAC, with Willis Carrier inventing modern air conditioning in 1902. Applications of HVAC include shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and pharmaceutical industries. The document also covers clean rooms, airlocks, HVAC qualification processes including design, installation, operation and performance qualification tests.
High-Efficiency Heating Rooftop Units (RTUs): The Final Frontier for Condensi...E Source Companies, LLC
As gas programs finish capturing low-hanging fruit and achieving cost-effectiveness gets tougher, it’s important that we bring more winning gas technologies into programs. Come learn how promising gas measures—like condensing rooftop units, HVAC controls, and ozone laundry—are generating cost-effective energy savings and moving from pilots to programs.
The document provides specifications for air source heat pump systems from Ecotec Heat Pumps Ltd. It outlines the objectives of exploiting renewable energy from the air to provide low-carbon heating and hot water. It describes the key components of an air source heat pump system including the heat pump unit, buffer tanks, pumps and controls. It provides detailed performance specifications for design, installation, testing and commissioning. The warranty and scope of work are also summarized.
Refrigeration Cycle. دائرة التكييف
Gauge set and refrigerant عدادات
Installing Gauges.تركيب عداد الغاز
Service ports and valves صمامات الخدمة
Refrigerant Types.أنواع غاز التكييف
Discharging, تفريغ الغاز
Evacuating and شفط الهواء و الرطوبة
Recharging إعادة شحن الغاز
Superheat & Subcooling الغاز المحمص و المبرد.
Pressures of Refrigerants.ضغوط أنواع غازات التكييف
Electronic Refrigerant Identifier Instrument جهاز كشف نوعية غاز التكييف
The document discusses preventative maintenance of HVAC systems. It outlines several key aspects of a preventative maintenance program, including keeping heat transfer surfaces and air handling equipment clean to optimize efficiency. It also discusses checking safety controls, lubricating moving parts, monitoring for refrigerant leaks, and maintaining equipment logs. The document notes how factors like discharge pressure, suction pressure, superheating, and subcooling can impact system capacity and power consumption. It provides tips to prevent issues like increased discharge pressure through regular cleaning of air-cooled condensers and water strainers.
Hvac Heating, Ventilation and Air ConditioningDeepak Jayan
ake coupled systems are run to a sufficient body of water, and the coils are submerged in the water. The coils are wrapped in overlapping circles. The coils must be submerged at least 8ft to prevent freezing.
Operate on simple refrigeration cycle
Reversing the cycle provides heating
Temperature limitations
Air to air
Water source
Geothermal
Lake coupled
Hvac controls operation and maintenance 3rd edition g. w. guptonronald59
This chapter provides an overview of the basic functions of HVAC systems and control systems. HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfortable temperature, humidity, and air distribution within a building. Control systems directly regulate these parameters. Temperature can be controlled by varying supply air temperature, airflow rate, or both. Humidity is controlled through dehumidification and humidification. Airflow rate is controlled through fans or dampers. Pressure is also controlled in variable air volume systems.
This document is a table of contents for an HVAC systems and equipment handbook. It lists 51 chapters organized under headings for air conditioning and heating systems, air handling equipment and components, heating equipment and components, cooling equipment and components, general components, and packaged/unitary and split-system equipment. The table of contents provides an overview of the topics covered in the handbook, including various HVAC system types, components, and general subjects.
This document provides an overview of HVAC basics, including mechanical systems and their costs, HVAC equipment per square foot, building envelope considerations, load calculations, heat transfer principles, common system types like packaged rooftop units and VAV systems, and energy efficiency strategies like economizers and heat recovery. It also discusses topics like comfort, psychrometrics, ventilation rates over time, acoustics, and LEED products. Mechanical room space requirements, window properties, kitchen hood regulations are reviewed. Resources for additional information are listed.
Pharmaceutical HVAC (Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; also heating...Palash Das
This slide is represent the HVAC design,qualification and operational approach. As we know HVAC is important system for maintaining clean room. This presentation is made based on the requirement of Pharmaceutical Industry. All parameter are considered based on the current guidelines aspect.
The document discusses several sustainable energy projects at NJIT, including upgrades to the campus-wide control system involving demand-based HVAC, lighting, and building controls. Specific buildings mentioned include the Campus Center, Fenster Hall, GITC, Oak Hall, and Weston Hall. Features described include variable speed pumping and cooling, chilled water reset, and heat recovery systems. Performance data and energy savings from the projects are presented.
Theory and fundamentals of Active Chilled Beams presented at the Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE, February 8, 2011. Presented by Matt Green of Thermosystems.
This newsletter discusses optimizing condenser water system design and control to reduce installation and operating costs. It recommends designing systems with lower condenser water flow rates (1.9 gpm/ton) and larger temperature differences (15°F ΔT) based on industry guidance. This allows reducing pipe sizes, pump capacity, and cooling tower fan power. Near-optimal control of cooling tower fan speed alone can save 2-14% of annual operating costs depending on climate. Controlling both fan and pump speeds more precisely may further reduce costs but requires more complex control strategies to account for interactions between components.
The document discusses rotary regenerative air preheaters used in power plant boilers. It describes the components, construction, operation, maintenance checks, and safety devices of these air preheaters. The key points are:
1) Rotary regenerative air preheaters recover waste heat from boiler flue gases to preheat combustion air, improving boiler efficiency. They contain a rotating matrix that alternately passes through gas and air passages to transfer heat.
2) Components include a rotor, bearings, housing, connecting plates, seals, and a drive unit. Safety devices detect fires and overheating using thermocouples or infrared sensors.
3) Regular maintenance checks include inspecting oil levels,
PRESENTATION ON HVAC COOLING TOWERS AND CHILLERS.pdfDanielNgwenya
This presentation discusses HVAC and water systems. It provides an overview of different HVAC system types including single zone, multiple zone, constant volume, and variable air volume systems. It describes key HVAC components such as boilers, chillers, cooling towers, and their functions. The presentation also covers HVAC fundamentals like the refrigeration cycle and psychrometric charts. Source components that provide heating and cooling are defined along with distribution components that convey thermal energy throughout buildings.
Ijri te-03-012 design and optimization of water cool condenser for central ai...Ijripublishers Ijri
Water-cooled chiller systems have typically been designed around entering condenser water temperatures of 85°F with a Optimization of Water - Cooled Chiller – Cooling Tower Combinations The warm water leaving the chilled water coils is pumped to the evaporator of the chiller, where the unwanted heat from the building is transferred by the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant. The compressor of the chiller then compresses the refrigerant to a higher pressure, adding the heat of compression in the process. The high pressure refrigerant then moves to the economical condenser water flow of 3.0 USGPM/ton and a 10°F denser, where the unwanted heat is rerange. In recent years, there has been considerable debate on the merits of designing around lower condenser water flow rates with a higher range in order to improve system lifecycle costs. However, two other parameters must also be considered in any analysis - approach and design wet bulb. The question to be answered is: What nominal condenser water flow rate and approach is best from a first cost standpoint as well as from a full load energy standpoint at any given wet bulb.
Development of a Bench-Top Air-to-Water Heat Pump Experimental ApparatusCSCJournals
The document describes the development of a bench-top air-to-water heat pump experimental apparatus for educational purposes. Key features include:
- It demonstrates thermodynamics and heat transfer concepts through the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
- It has instrumentation to display measurements and interface with a computer for data acquisition. Safety features like overcurrent protection are included.
- It was designed to heat 10°C of water using a condensing unit, evaporator, expansion valve, and other refrigeration components sized to meet power constraints.
- A control system with pressure transducers, microprocessor, and solid state relays monitors and operates the compressor and fans based on pressure levels.
- Performance
David Bahniuk is a mechanical engineer who has worked on several large-scale HVAC and mechanical projects for historical buildings. The document describes a proposed project for Rockwool International involving installing an absorption chiller system to provide air conditioning for a manufacturing facility using waste heat from a furnace. It compares the absorption chiller option to using traditional air-cooled chillers, finding that the absorption system would significantly reduce energy costs while providing sufficient cooling capacity. The installed system ended up using a 750-ton chiller instead of the proposed absorption system due to budget cuts, but was still designed to accommodate future absorption cooling.
This document outlines the design of the HVAC system for the first floor of a science and technology hospital in Sana'a, Yemen. It discusses the building description, cooling load calculations using both manual and technical methods, duct design including duct sizing and selection of fans and accessories, and pipe design for the chilled water system. The technical method of load calculation in the REVIT program was found to be more accurate than the manual method. Ductwork was designed and fans were selected to meet the required air flows. A closed two-pipe direct return chilled water system was chosen for temperature control.
When developing data center energy-use estimations, engineers must account for all sources of energy use in the facility. Most energy consumption is obvious: computers, cooling plant and related equipment, lighting, and other miscellaneous electrical loads. Designing efficient and effective data centers is a top priority for consulting engineers. Cooling is a large portion of data center energy use, second only to the IT load. Although there are several options to help maximize HVAC efficiency and minimize energy consumption, data centers come in many shapes, sizes, and configurations. By developing a deep understanding of their client’s data center HVAC requirements, consulting engineers can help maintain the necessary availability level of mission critical applications while reducing energy consumption.
This document provides an overview of the building services systems at SS2 Mall, including the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning system, electrical supply system, mechanical transportation system, and fire protection system. It describes the key components of each system, such as the pressurization fans, centralized air conditioning, piping, cooling tower, chilled water plant, refrigerant pumps, and others. Diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate how the different systems function within the building.
This document provides an overview of solar air conditioning technologies and best practice examples from several European countries. It describes two main types of solar cooling systems: chilled water systems and open cycle desiccant cooling systems. Chilled water systems use absorption or adsorption chillers to produce chilled water for air conditioning, while open cycle systems directly condition the supply air. The document outlines the technologies used in small and medium sized solar cooling applications and provides examples of installed systems in Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain.
This document summarizes an audit of the air conditioning system in the CICA building. The building has three floors and houses informatics resources for the local community. The current HVAC system does not provide enough cooling, causing high indoor temperatures that damage hardware. The goals of the audit are to evaluate the correct cooling capacity needed for four zones, verify air distribution efficiency, and assess ventilation. Modifications are proposed, including installing a centralized air/water system with a chiller and individual cooling coils in control units to better meet demand. Problems with the current system are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It describes:
1) The basic process by which refrigeration systems transfer heat from a cooler to warmer reservoir using a refrigerant and mechanical work.
2) The main types of refrigeration and air conditioning systems used in industry, including vapor compression, absorption cooling, and common refrigerants.
3) The typical components of a vapor compression system, including the evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion device, and the phase changes that occur in the refrigeration cycle.
The document describes the development and operation of a 65kW precision cooling system for the RF cavities of the Indus-2 synchrotron accelerator in India. The system maintains the temperature of the cavity bodies to within ±0.1°C using a precision chilling loop with a plate heat exchanger and PID controller. Redundancy was added through a standby chiller and hydraulic manifold allowing quick switching between chillers. Instrumentation and controls were also improved with remote monitoring capabilities. The precision cooling system has reliably maintained the required temperature stability for continuous accelerator operation since 2003.
This document provides specifications for the MHRC-AE-060-VS-01 5-ton air-cooled chiller from Multiaqua. The chiller uses a variable speed scroll compressor and can operate in simultaneous heating and cooling mode. It has a brazed plate heat exchanger and variable speed condenser fans. Electrical requirements include a 380V DC primary supply and 208/230V AC secondary. Performance data is provided for cooling, heating and simultaneous heating/cooling modes.
This document provides an overview of Boreas' 5th generation composite steel modular air handling unit. It discusses the advantages of Boreas' units for investors, end users, design offices, and installers. Key features include the use of composite materials, selection and psychrometric calculation software, and Magnelis sheet metal. The document also outlines the unit's quality certifications and provides detailed specifications and dimensions. It describes the unit's modular structure and various components like fans, coils, filters, mixing sections, heat recovery systems, and automation.
This document provides a plumbing design manual for VA facilities including new hospitals, clinical additions, and outpatient clinics. It contains chapters covering basic requirements, the scope of plumbing design, plumbing systems and equipment, and support data. The manual establishes standards and guidelines for plumbing design with sections on topics such as water conservation, medical gas systems, dental compressed air systems, and reagent grade water systems. It is intended to assist plumbing engineers and architects in designing VA projects that comply with applicable codes and VA requirements.
This document provides flow rate information for various plumbing fixtures and outlets, along with K factors to account for non-simultaneous use when calculating total minimum water requirements. It lists typical flow rates in liters per minute for items like toilets, urinals, sinks, showers, and more. A note explains that the minimum water required should be determined by the total flow rate of all fixtures, corrected using the appropriate K factor based on the total number of fixtures in the building.
This document provides plumbing design criteria for the School District of Palm Beach County. It includes requirements for piping systems, plumbing components, specific rooms, and mechanical equipment. Piping systems must be designed to supply water and drainage needs for enhanced hurricane protection areas. Plumbing components like water heaters and hose bibs must meet specified standards. Requirements are provided for plumbing in rooms like laboratories, kitchens, and mechanical spaces. The engineer is responsible for designing plumbing that meets the criteria, codes, and acts to provide a functional and safe plumbing system.
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3 cf ch-006_hvac_systems
1. Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC Systems 6-1
NSLS-II Preliminary Design Report
6 MECHANICAL – HVAC SYSTEMS
6.1 Design Criteria
6.1.1 Codes and Standards
The latest edition of the codes, standards, orders, and guides referred to in this section will be followed,
with a reference point of August 2008 being the anticipated design completion date. All work will be in
accordance with BNL’s Implementation Plan for DOE 413.3, “Program and Project Management for the
Acquisition of Capital Assets.”
6.1.2 DOE Orders
DOE O5480.4 – Environmental Protection, Safety and Health Protection Standards
DOE O413.3A – Program and Project Management for the Acquisition of Capital Assets
DOE O414.1C – Quality Assurance
DOE O420.1B – Facility Safety
DOE O420.2B – Safety of Accelerator Facilities
6.1.3 Codes, Standards, and Guides
Building Code of New York State (NYSBC) – 2002 Edition
American National Standards Institute
ANSI 117.1 Accessible and Useable Buildings and Facilities
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
American Society for Testing Materials Standards
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Design Guidelines
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2001 Energy Standards for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
American Water Works Association
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-2001 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003 Standards for Laboratory Ventilation
ANSI/ASHRAE 110-1985 Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods
Factory Mutual
Mechanical Code of New York State
National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standards
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association (SMACNA) Standards for Ductwork
Design
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Underwriters Laboratory
New York State Plumbing Code - 2002 Edition
New York State Fire Prevention Code - 2002 Edition
Energy Conservation Code of New York State - 2002 Edition
Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guideline (ADAAG)
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) 2.2
LEED for Labs
2. 6-2 Part 3: Conventional Facilities
6.2 Design Conditions
6.2.1 Outdoor:
Summer - 95 °F dry bulb,
76 °F wet bulb
Winter - 0 °F, 15 mph wind
6.2.2 Indoor:
Table 6.1 Indoor Design.
Area Designation Design Temperature ºF Accuracy ±ºF Relative Humidity % Accuracy ±%RH
Winter Summer Winter Summer
Ring Tunnel 78 78 0.18 30 50 10%
Experimental Hall 75 75 1.0 30 50 10%
Booster Ring Tunnel 78 78 1.8 30 50 10%
Linac 72 75 1.8 30 50 10%
Klystron Gallery 72 75 1.8 30 50 10%
RF Building 72 75 1 30 50 10%
Offices 72 75 5 30 50 10%
Laboratories 72 75 5 30 50 10%
Conference Rooms 72 75 5 30 50 10%
Support Spaces 72 75 5 30 50 10%
6.2.3 Air Filtration:
Table 6.2 Air Filtration.
Area Pre-filters Final Filters
Tunnel 30% 95%
Laboratories / shops 30% 95%
Experimental Hall 30% 95%
Linac & RF 30% 95%
Offices, lobby, support 30% 90%
6.3 Utility Systems
6.3.1 Chilled water
1. Twenty inch supply and return chilled water pipes will be connected from the existing
underground site chilled water system to the building. The chilled water temperature supplied by
the Central Plant is 46°F. The flow and supply/return water temperature difference will be
measured for cooling energy calculations. Estimated cooling load of the building is 2400 tons.
The total chilled water flow is 4100 GPM using 14 °F temperature rise. Chilled water will serve
air handling units, electrical power supply units, and miscellaneous cooling equipment. Since the
chilled water pumps at the central plant have adequate capacity and head, no chilled water pumps
3. Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC Systems 6-3
NSLS-II Preliminary Design Report
will be provided in the building. Chilled water will also be used for temperature control trim and
redundancy for process cooling water systems located in the service buildings.
6.3.2 Steam
Steam is available at the site from the Central Utility Plant at 125 psig.
The estimated peak steam load of the new building is 17,000 lbs/hr, and the estimated size required for
the underground steam supply pipe is 8 inch. The condensate will be collected at a duplex condensate
receiver and returned to the central plant in a separate conduit using a 3 inch Schedule 80 carrier pipe.
Condensate pumps will be sized for 2.5 times the maximum condensate flow and for 40 psig head. Steam
flow will be measured for energy calculations.
6.3.3 Process Cooling Tower Water
Cooling towers located at the building and operating year around will provide cooling for the process
system. The estimated cooling load of 2700 tons will be handled by three cooling towers of 1350 ton each,
one of which will operate as stand-by. The system will be sized for 11°F temperature difference and 84°F
tower leaving water temperature.
6.4 HVAC Systems
6.4.1 General Laboratories
In laboratories, a minimum of 12 air changes per hour will be used, providing 2 cfm/sq. ft based on 10 ft
ceiling height. Assuming no external heat gain, 1.5 W/sq. ft for lighting, and 165 sq. ft /person for people
load, this design will allow 9.5 W/sq. ft miscellaneous heat gain from equipment. After the equipment heat
gain and the number of fume hoods are further defined, the supply and exhaust air requirement of the
laboratories will be finalized. In order to minimize the systems energy usage, coil loop heat recovery will
be provided as an alternate. It consists of glycol heat recovery coils in the air handling units and in the
exhaust system. Duplex pumps, each sized for 100% of the maximum capacity will circulate glycol between
the coils to transfer heat from the exhaust air into the outside air in the winter. Depending upon outdoor
conditions, the system can also be used in the summer to pre-cool the outside air. The Fire Department will
have the ability to control the ventilation system to exhaust smoke. The control will be at the fire alarm
system panel in the main lobby of the Operational Center and each of the LOB buildings.
6.4.2 Accelerator Tunnel
The Accelerator Tunnel HVAC systems consist of five constant volume custom packaged air handling
units located along the tunnel in five service buildings. The AHU’s will have 2inch double wall construction,
galvanized steel inner lining, and stainless steel condensate drain pan. Each unit will include prefilter,
silencers, steam preheat coil, cooling coil, dual supply and return fans, 95% final filter, steam humidifier, hot
water reheat coil, and a duct mounted low heat density electric reheat coil for final accurate temperature
control with SCR controller. The supply and return fans will have Adjustable Frequency Drives (AFD) to
compensate for filter loading, allow future flexibility, and provide ease of adjustment during balancing.
Supply air will be cooled to 50°F for dehumidification and reheated by the fan heat and hot water reheat coil
to 0.9°F (0.5°C) below the required discharge temperature. The final discharge temperature to the tunnel will
be controlled by the electric reheat coil to ±0.18°F (0.1°C) accuracy. Four high precision temperature sensors
per air handling unit will be located in the tunnel. Their accuracy will be ±0.018°F (0.01°C). Temperature
will be controlled by any individual sensor or by the average of the four. Cooling coil discharge temperature
4. 6-4 Part 3: Conventional Facilities
will be reset based upon the tunnel relative humidity to maintain RH set point with minimum energy
consumption.
6.4.3 Experimental Hall
The Experimental Hall HVAC systems consist of ten variable air volume packaged air handling units
located in the service buildings, two units per pentant. They will be variable volume terminal reheat type
utilizing hot water for reheat. The units will have 2 inch double wall construction with stainless steel
condensate drain pans and galvanized steel interior liner. Unit components include return fan, relief and
outside air sections, 30% prefilters, silencers, steam preheat coil, cooling coil, supply fan, and humidifier.
The supply and return fans will have adjustable frequency drives. Cooling coils will be sized to cool the air to
50°F for dehumidification. Return air will be partially ducted. Return registers will be located above the
accelerator tunnel in order to remove the heat generated by the equipment. Hutches will be served by
constant volume air terminal units with hot water re-heat coil and two exhaust registers to remove the
contaminants. The hutch exhaust systems will be sized for future exhaust requirements and will have 100%
redundant fans. One general exhaust system, serving toilets, janitor closets, and other areas requiring exhaust,
will be provided for each sector. The Fire Department will have the ability to control the ventilation system to
exhaust smoke. The control will be at the fire alarm system panel in the main lobby of the Operational Center
and each of the LOB buildings.
6.4.4 RF Service Building
The Service building will be served by a rooftop mounted HVAC unit sized for the total sensible
equipment load. Depending on the final load, one or two CRAC units will be installed for stand by.
Ventilation and humidity control will be provided by a 2inch double wall air handling unit sized for 6 AC/HR
but normally delivering 2 AC/HR 100% outside air. The added capacity will also allow the unit to be used
for smoke evacuation.
6.4.5 Booster Ring Tunnel
The tunnel will be served by a constant volume custom packaged air handling unit, located in the service
building. The AHU’s will have 2inch double wall construction, galvanized steel inner lining, and stainless
steel condensate drain pan. Each unit will include pre-filter, silencers, steam preheat coil, cooling coil, supply
and return fans, 95% final filter, steam humidifier, and hot water reheat coil. The supply and return fans will
have Adjustable Frequency Drives (AFD) to compensate for filter loading, allow future flexibility, and
provide ease of adjustment during balancing. Supply air will be cooled to 50°F for dehumidification. The
Fire Department will have the ability to control the ventilation system to exhaust smoke. The control will be
at the fire alarm system panel in the service building.
6.4.6 Booster RF Service Room
The Service Room will be served by a variable volume packaged air handling unit located on the roof.
The AHU will have 2 inch double wall construction, galvanized steel inner lining, and stainless steel
condensate drain pan. The unit will include pre-filter, silencers, steam preheat coil, cooling coil, supply and
return fans, 95% final filter, steam humidifier, and hot water reheat coil. The supply and return fans will have
Adjustable Frequency Drives (AFD) to compensate for filter loading, allow future flexibility, and provide
ease of adjustment during balancing. Supply air will be cooled to 50°F for dehumidification.
5. Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC Systems 6-5
NSLS-II Preliminary Design Report
6.4.7 Linac and Linac Klystron Gallery
The Linac and Gallery will be served by a constant volume packaged air handling unit located in Booster
RF Service Room. The AHU will be a constant volume re-heat type with 2 inch double wall construction,
galvanized steel inner lining, and stainless steel condensate drain pan. Unit will include pre-filter, steam
preheat coil, cooling coil, supply and return fans, 95% final filter, steam humidifier, and hot water reheat coil.
The supply and return fans will have Adjustable Frequency Drives (AFD) to compensate for filter loading,
allow future flexibility, and provide ease of adjustment during balancing. Supply air will be cooled to 50°F
for dehumidification. Constant volume air terminal units will be utilized for individual space temperature
control.
6.4.8 Operations Center
The Operations Center will be served by a variable volume packaged air handling unit located on the roof
of the building. The AHU will have 2inch double wall construction, galvanized steel inner lining, and
stainless steel condensate drain pan. Unit will include pre-filter, silencers, steam preheat coil, cooling coil,
supply and return fans, 90% final filter, steam humidifier, and hot water reheat coil. The supply and return
fans will have Adjustable Frequency Drives (AFD) to compensate for filter loading, allow future flexibility,
and provide ease of adjustment during balancing. Variable air volume air terminal units with hot water re-
heat coil will be utilized for space temperature zone control.
The computer room and control room will be served by chilled water computer room air conditioning
(CRAC) units complete with 90% efficiency filter, humidifier and hot water heating coil.
The lobby entrance will be served by a constant volume packaged air handling unit located in the
mechanical room, complete with 90% efficient filter, cooling coil and hot water heating coil.
6.4.9 Lab Office Building
The building will be served by two air handling units located in the penthouse, one to serve the office area
and the other to serve the laboratory area. The office area AHU will be a variable volume unit and the
laboratory area AHU will be a constant volume unit. Both AHU’s will have 2inch double wall construction,
galvanized steel inner lining, and stainless steel condensate drain pan. The office air handling unit will include
pre-filter, silencers, steam preheat coil, cooling coil, supply and return fans, 90% final filter, and steam
humidifier The laboratory air handling unit will include pre-filter, steam heating coil, heat recovery coil,
cooling coil, supply fan, 95% final filter, and steam humidifier. Both AHU’s will utilize Adjustable
Frequency Drives (AFD) to compensate for filter loading, allow future flexibility, and provide ease of
adjustment during balancing. Variable volume air terminal units with hot water re-heat coil will be used for
office area temperature zone control and constant volume air terminal units with hot water re-heat coil will be
used for laboratory area temperature zone control.
6.5 Air Handling Units - General
All air-handling units will have access sections between the various components to allow efficient airflow
through the units and adequate space to perform inspection and maintenance. All units will be installed in
draw through configuration providing good dehumidification and even air flow through the cooling coils.
Supply and return fans will be housed centrifugal, belt-driven and will have high efficiency airfoil blades
and AMCA label. In order to minimize their vibration, all fans will be dynamically balanced after installation
on the job site. Air pre-filters and final filters will be replaceable cartridge type with filter efficiencies based
on NBS Atmospheric Dust Spot Method. Their sizes will be standardized 24 x 24 and 12 x 24 inch where
possible.
Energy efficient electric motors will be compatible with AFD’s.
6. 6-6 Part 3: Conventional Facilities
6.6 Air Distribution
6.6.1 Ductwork
All ductwork will be constructed in accordance with SMACNA standards. Supply air ducts will be
galvanized steel, and be insulated on the exterior. High-pressure duct upstream of the terminal units will be
built to 6 inch WG pressure standards and will be sized for medium velocity. Low-pressure ducts constructed
to 2 inch WG will be used from terminal units to diffusers. Flexible run outs to diffusers will allow ease of
installation and provide final sound attenuation of terminal unit and duct-generated noise. Exhaust and return
ductwork will be low and medium pressure construction sized for 0.075 inch WG/ 100 ft friction loss and/or
1800 FPM velocity maximum. It will be un-insulated except in areas where condensation on duct surfaces
may occur. In supply ducts, no internal lining will be used. Galvanized steel will be used for all lab main
exhaust ductwork and stainless steel for all exposed branch ductwork.
6.6.2 Air Terminal Units
Temperature control of individual spaces will be by constant and variable volume terminal units with
reheat coils. Heating coils will have copper tubes with bonded aluminum fins. Separate terminal units will be
provided for areas requiring individual temperature control. Offices with similar thermal load, maximum
four, may be served by one terminal unit.
6.6.3 Diffusers, Registers and Grilles
Four-way, louvered faced supply diffusers and perforated face return and exhaust registers will be used in
laboratories and administrative offices.
In noise and vibration sensitive areas, high volume diffusers will be considered. Air devices in large open
areas will be sized to provide good air distribution and maximum noise criteria of NC 35.
6.6.4 Pressurization
A negative pressurization of 100 cfm per door will be maintained in the laboratories by exhausting more
air from the rooms than is supplied.
In toilets, janitor closets, and other less critical areas, negative pressurization will be maintained at 50 cfm
per door. The entire building will be kept at positive pressure.
6.6.5 Ventilation
Ventilation will be provided as follows:
Offices, conference rooms and other occupied areas will be provided a minimum of 20 cfm per
person.
The Experimental Hall will be provided 20 cfm per person.
Laboratories will be provided 6 air changes per hour minimum.
The Ring Tunnel will be provided 6 air changes per hour.
The Booster Tunnel and Linac will be provided 6 air changes per hour.
Service Buildings will be provided 6 air changes per hour.
The RF Building will be provided 6 air changes per hour
7. Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC Systems 6-7
NSLS-II Preliminary Design Report
6.7 Exhaust Systems
6.7.1 Exhaust fans will be provided for the following:
Fume hoods
General laboratory exhaust
Toilet rooms
Mechanical and electrical rooms
Process equipment
Hazardous storage
Beamline hutches via a common exhaust system
Other areas requiring exhaust
6.7.2 Chemical Fume Hoods
Chemical fume hoods will be designed for a maximum airflow based upon a 100 fpm air velocity with the
sash open to 18 in. height. All hoods shall have flow alarms. The Laboratory HVAC system will be a constant
volume design utilizing air valves. Fume hoods identified for nanomaterials research will be provided with
bag-in bag-out HEPA filtration rated at 99.97% efficiency, with gel seal type filter housing. At least one such
hood will be furnished for each LOB. Wet laboratories will also be provided with ventilated chemical storage
cabinets integral to the fume hood. All fume hoods shall be configured to be retrofitted with HEPA filtration
in the future. Hoods shall be tested in the “As-Installed” condition.
6.7.3 Bio-Safety Cabinets
The need for these is yet to be determined.
6.8 Distribution Systems
6.8.1 Steam Distribution
The building will be served with 125 psig high pressure steam from the central plant which will be
reduced in the main utility vault to 15 psig. Two pressure reducing valves, one used as standby, will be
provided. The 15 psig steam will be routed underground inside the ring and distributed to the individual
service buildings. Steam will be used in preheat coils, heat exchangers, domestic water heaters, humidifiers,
and other miscellaneous heating devices. Condensate from the individual service buildings will be pumped to
a main condensate receiver located in the central mechanical equipment room. From there, condensate will
be returned to the Central Plant. Flash steam from high pressure condensate will be recovered in a flash tank
and utilized in the low pressure system.
6.8.2 Heating Hot Water
In order to minimize the building’s energy consumption, the primary source of hot water for space
heating will be heat pumps located in the individual service buildings. They will recover heat from the
process cooling system, utilizing it as the energy source for space heating. Excess heat from the process
8. 6-8 Part 3: Conventional Facilities
system will be directed to cooling towers on the site. An alternate to this approach is to use the process
cooling water directly as a heat exchange medium. As a back up to the heat recovery system and to provide
supplementary heating if necessary, the hot water will be circulated through steam fired heat exchangers
located in the individual service buildings. The hot water will be used for terminal reheat coils, reheat coils in
air handling units, and in miscellaneous heating devices such as fan coil units, unit heaters, and finned tube
radiation. Duplex heat exchangers will each be sized for 100% of the heating load, while redundant
circulating pumps will each be sized for 66% of the full flow. Control valves will be two-way type, with
three-way valves used at the end of long runs to assure adequate system circulation and minimum 25% flow
through the circulating pumps. Isolation valves will be provided for future maintenance, and piping will be
designed in a reverse return configuration to simplify balancing.
6.8.3 Chilled Water
The pumps at the central plant have adequate capacity to serve the building. Consequently, no local
chilled water pumps will be provided. Chilled water will be supplied directly to cooling coils and
miscellaneous cooling equipment such as fan coil units. Cooling coils will be selected for 12-14 °F waterside
temperature difference. In general, two-way control valves will be used at the air handling unit chilled water
coils to achieve flow reduction at low loads, while three-way valves will be provided at the end of long runs
to maintain minimum flow. For the electrical power units’ cooling, a secondary cooling system will be
provided consisting of duplex plate heat exchangers and duplex circulating pumps each sized for 100% of the
cooling load.
6.8.4 Process Cooling Water
The 18 inch main condenser water supply and return piping will be routed underground inside the ring. It
will be distributed to each service building to serve process water for aluminum and non-aluminum system
heat exchangers.
6.8.5 Humidification
For humidification, steam from the central plant will be utilized by humidifiers in the air handling units to
maintain the required humidity levels. Multiple manifold stainless steel humidifiers will be located
downstream of final filters and will be selected to minimize vapor trail. Humidity sensors will be located in
the return air ducts.
6.8.6 Piping Systems
Water and steam piping will be schedule 40 black steel with screwed joints through 2inch and welded
joints 2-½inch and up. Schedule 80 black steel will be utilized for condensate return pipe to provide a longer
life. Steam and condensate piping shall be pre-insulated with galvanized or epoxy coated steel jacket. Pipe
will be provided with fiberglass pipe insulation and all-service jacket with self-sealing lap. Hydronic piping
systems will be sized for a maximum velocity of 8 feet per second, and a maximum pressure drop of 4 ft WG
per 100 ft. In noise and vibration sensitive areas, velocity will be limited to 4 feet per second. Chilled water
piping insulation will be provided with vapor barrier jacket to prevent condensation. In-line circulators will
be used for pumps under 1/2 HP. Pumps 1/2 HP and larger will be base mounted end suction or
vertical/horizontal split case type. Motors 3 HP and over will be premium efficiency. Strainers, check valves,
and temperature and pressure gauges, water treatment system, air and pressure control will be provided.
Clean steam supply and condensate return pipes will be stainless steel.
9. Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC Systems 6-9
NSLS-II Preliminary Design Report
6.9 Miscellaneous Heating/Cooling Devices
Fan coil units will be provided in stairways and lobbies for heating, cooling, and humidity control. Unit
heaters will be used in mechanical and electrical equipment rooms. Finned tube radiation will be used to
offset the “cold wall” effect of exterior walls and windows in offices and other areas.
6.10 Energy Conservation
In order to minimize the building’s energy consumption and comply with LEED certification criteria,
various energy conservation techniques will be evaluated during the design and will be incorporated if
analysis is favorable.
6.10.1 Energy Saving Measures
For air handling units with 100% outside air, coil loop heat recovery will be provided. The filters and
heat recovery coil will be bypassed during non-recovery periods to minimize exhaust fan energy.
The building heating system will utilize heat pumps to recover heat from process cooling.
Discharge temperature of heating hot water will be reset during the summer to minimize heat loss.
Adjustable Frequency Drives (AFD’s) will be used for all major air moving devices and pumps. This will
provide considerable energy savings for the variable volume air and hydronic systems. For constant volume
air handling units serving the laboratories, AFD’s will simplify initial balancing, accommodate future
changes, and save energy by allowing adjustment as filters become loaded.
High efficiency equipment and high efficiency motors will be selected for all applications.
Non-critical air handling units will utilize optimum start-stop energy management software.
Insulation of piping systems will exceed the applicable energy codes.
6.11 Automatic Temperature Control
Direct digital controls compatible with the existing Building Automation System will be utilized. Except
for air terminal units, control valves and dampers will have pneumatic actuators. A duplex control air
compressor, air dryer, and filter will be installed in the lower level mechanical room.
Air handling units with return fans will have airside economizer, allowing the utilization of 100% outside
air for free cooling. A signal from the fire alarm system will shut down all air-handling units. The Fire
Department may manually activate a smoke purge.
6.12 System Testing and Balancing
6.12.1 Waterside
System will be leak tested, and pumps and other equipment will be checked for alignment and proper
operation. Flow through pumps will be measured and properly adjusted. Motor amperage will be read and
recorded.
6.12.2 Air Side
High-pressure supply ducts and all hood exhaust duct systems will be tested for leaks. System fans will
be checked for proper rotation and balance, and all drive sheaves will be adjusted for proper airflow. Motor
10. 6-10 Part 3: Conventional Facilities
amperage will be read and recorded. Airflow at all terminal units, diffusers, registers, and grilles will be
adjusted to specifications and recorded.
6.13 Vibration
Minimization of vibration caused by rotating equipment is a primary concern for the NSLS-II facility.
Several strategies will be used to accomplish this goal.
1. Rotating equipment will not be located adjacent to the Ring Tunnel or the Experimental Hall.
Separation is a primary strategy for reducing the impact of vibration on the machine performance.
2. Mechanical equipment will be isolated from distribution systems using flexible connectors where
possible.
3. Major equipment items will be specified at a higher quality level (not commercial standard).
4. Major rotational equipment will be factory balanced.
5. Rotating equipment will be mounted using vibration isolation supports and where applicable,
inertia bases will be used.
6. Distribution systems such as piping and ductwork will be supported using vibration isolators.
6.14 Commissioning
Due to the size and complexity of the project and in compliance with LEED requirements, a
commissioning contractor will supervise and document performance of all equipment startup, balancing,
testing and verification.
11. Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC Systems 6 7-11
NSLS-II Preliminary Design Report
Table 6.3 NSLS-II Estimated Cooling Load.
Chilled Water Loads
Load Linac
Linac /
Klystron
Galley Booster RF
Booster Ring
Tunnel
RF Service
Building
Tunnel
Mezzanine
Ring
Tunnel
Experimental
Hall OPS Center
Lab Office
Building
Process
Chilled Water
Process
Cooling
Tower
EQUIPMENT (KW)
Transformers 59
RF power usage 40 40 16 264 2734
Booster controls 1
Storage Ring controls 4 36
Cryogenic Plant 1000
RF diagnostics 1 1
Controls & Instrumentation 13 64 12 65 30
Vacuum 24 219
Interlock 32 32
Tunnel Magnets 229
Tunnel Leads 95 231 1872
Power Supply 34 651
Equipment Leads 189
Sub-total (KW) 54 40 81 12 269 280 324 354 0 0 968 5606
Sub-total (MBH) 183 137 277 40 918 957 1106 1208 0 0 3304 19132
Walls & Roof (MBH) 7 7 16 - 13 478 - 1910
Lights (MBH) 17 16 53 34 69 348 195 1349
People Sensible (MBH) 1 1 5 9 9 34 34 137
OA Sensible (MBH) 1 1 4 9 10 101 44 303
People Latent (MBH) 2 2 5 9 9 34 34 135
OA Latent (MBH) 2 2 5 10 10 213 149 446
Fan Heat to SA(MBH) 47 36 79 19 227 409 265 1036
TOTAL LOAD (MBH) 260 202 443 129 1265 2572 1825 6525
TOTAL LOAD (TONS) 22 17 37 11 105 214 152 544 48 577 275 1594
TOTAL CHILLER LOAD (TONS) 2002 TOTAL COOLING TOWER LOAD (TONS) 1,594
Assumptions: Fan heat based on 4.5 deg. F rise. Equipment load is based on BNL spread sheet and meeting comments.
Lab office bldg is based on Calculated Load Wall & roof load based on calculated skin load
OPS Center is based on Calculated Load Outside air at 20 cfm/person based on BNL estimated people occupancy.