This document describes the key components of an x-ray machine, including the x-ray tube, operating console, high voltage generator, tube head, protective housing, collimator, grid, patient table, Bucky, and radiographic film. It explains that the x-ray tube produces x-rays and contains a rotating anode target and cathode electron source. The console controls the machine settings, the generator produces high voltage, and the housing protects and cools the tube. Additional components such as the collimator, grid, table, and Bucky help position and protect the patient while improving image quality.
Types of radiation
Radiology effects
Radiology fundamental
Mechanism of atomic movement
X-ray
Motion and energy movement
Radiation Properties
Formation of x-ray
Parts of x-ray machine
Power source of x-ray machine
Types of radiation
Radiology effects
Radiology fundamental
Mechanism of atomic movement
X-ray
Motion and energy movement
Radiation Properties
Formation of x-ray
Parts of x-ray machine
Power source of x-ray machine
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X-ray imaging is still one of the most important diagnostic methods used in medicine. It provides mainly morphological (anatomical) information - but may also provide some physiological (functional) information.
TO BUILD UP MORE KNOWLEDGE IN RADIOLOGY AND UNDERSTANDING THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF RADIATION PHYSICS WHICH IS THE ATMOST IMPORTANT.THIS PPT WILL PROVIDE A CLEARCUT IDEA ABOUT HISTORY, VARIOUS TYPES OF RADIATIONS, FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF MATTER, RADIATION USED IN DENTAL XRAY MACHINE, PARTS OF XRAY MACHINE ,RADIOACTIVITY,UNITS OF MEASUREMENT,INTERACTION OF XRAYS WITH MATTER....YOU WILL BE ABLE TO GET A BETTER CLARITY ABOUT RADIATION PHYSICS.
X-rays are used in medicine for medical analysis. Dentists use them to find complications, cavities and impacted teeth. Soft body tissue are transparent to the waves. Bones also block the rays.
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X-ray imaging is still one of the most important diagnostic methods used in medicine. It provides mainly morphological (anatomical) information - but may also provide some physiological (functional) information.
TO BUILD UP MORE KNOWLEDGE IN RADIOLOGY AND UNDERSTANDING THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF RADIATION PHYSICS WHICH IS THE ATMOST IMPORTANT.THIS PPT WILL PROVIDE A CLEARCUT IDEA ABOUT HISTORY, VARIOUS TYPES OF RADIATIONS, FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF MATTER, RADIATION USED IN DENTAL XRAY MACHINE, PARTS OF XRAY MACHINE ,RADIOACTIVITY,UNITS OF MEASUREMENT,INTERACTION OF XRAYS WITH MATTER....YOU WILL BE ABLE TO GET A BETTER CLARITY ABOUT RADIATION PHYSICS.
X-rays are used in medicine for medical analysis. Dentists use them to find complications, cavities and impacted teeth. Soft body tissue are transparent to the waves. Bones also block the rays.
An X-Ray machine consists of two main components – X-Ray generator and an image detection system. An X-Ray tube essentially is a high-vacuum diode consisting of a Cathode and Anode. X-ray tube operates by generating a stream of electrons by heating up a cathode (tungsten) filament.An X-Ray machine consists of two main components – X-Ray generator and an image detection system. An X-Ray tube essentially is a high-vacuum diode consisting of a Cathode and Anode. X-ray tube operates by generating a stream of electrons by heating up a cathode (tungsten) filament.The positively charged anode is the target of electrons released from the cathode. Most of the electrons that strike the anode deposit their kinetic energy, generated by the applied tube voltage and current, as heat. Only a small fraction go on to produce X-rays. As a result, a significant amount of heat is generated at the anode in the production of diagnostic images. Stationary anodes were used in the past. However, the small focal spot on a stationary anode limits the number of X-rays that can be produced without damaging the anode. Therefore, most X-ray machines today use a rotating anode. This allows for the spread of heat over a larger area, which allows for greater tube currents and exposure durations. The rotating anode is a disk mounted on a bearing supported rotor assembly. The rotor consists of a center iron cylinder with surrounding copper bars. The stator device is made of electromagnets that surround the rotor. When an alternating current passes through the electromagnets of the stator, it produces a rotating magnetic field. This field produces an electrical current in the rotor's copper bars, which, in turn, creates an opposing magnetic field to the one induced by the stator—the results in the rotation of the rotor device. Rotation speeds of up to 10,000 revolutions per minute can be produced.The cathode, anode, rotor apparatus, and the other associated structures are collectively called the X-ray tube insert. They are all contained in a glass or metal enclosure and sealed under a high vacuum. This enclosure is known as the envelope. X-ray photons emitted from the focal spot scatter in all directions. The use of a tube port helps form a useful beam.
The X-ray tube housing provides shielding and cooling of the X-ray tube insert. Typically, between the insert and the housing is a layer of oil that provides heat conduction and electrical insulation. A lead shield is also applied to the inside of the housing to attenuate X-rays that are not directed to the tube port. However, not all X-rays are blocked, and the fraction that penetrates the housing is known as leakage radiation. Each tube housing has a maximum tube potential that should not be exceeded during operation at the risk of an unacceptable amount of leakage radiation. As the X-rays come out of the tube port, the size and shape of the X-ray field can be adjusted by collimators. The collimator housing attaches to the tube p
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5. This is a modern rotating anode x-ray tube. It is encased
completely in a metal protective housing.
There are two principle parts:
•The rotating anode(acts as the target for electrons and
releases x-rays)
•The cathode(provides a source of electrons)
Purpose:
– Controls leakage & off-focus radiation
– Isolates high voltages
– Helps to cool the tube
6.
7. OPERATING
CONSOLE
THE CONSOLE IS THE PART OF MACHINE THAT
CONTROLS THE OPERATION OF X-RAY MACHINE
ALL MACHINE CONSOLE ARE LITTLE DIFFERENT BUT
THERE ARE ALWAYS SIMILARITIES.
THE CONSOLE IS WHERE WE CONTROL THE X-RAY TUBE
CURRENT,VOLTAGES LINE COMPENSATION.
8. HIGH VOLTAGE
GENERATOR
A single phase HV generator can take the power
supplied by AC mains rectify it & transform
Rectification process is either in half wave or full
wave to remove any negative going voltages, which
would otherwise excite an anode to act as electron
source.
9. TUBE HEAD
The external structure of x-ray tube consists of
3 parts
1.The support system
2.the protective housing
3.glass or metal enclosure
10. PROTECTIVE HOUSING
The x-ray photons are
generated isotropic
ally or in all directions.
The housing is
designed to limit the
beam to window.
11. PROTECTIVE HOUSING – PREVENT
DAMAGE
The housing also provide mechanical support
and protection from damage.
On some tubes, the housing also contains oil
that provides more insulation and a thermal
cushion.
12. Collimators
Beam restricting device.
it’s considered the best beam restricting
device.
remove unwanted radiations.
13. A collimator has two or three sets of lead shutters.
Located immediately below the tube window, the
entrance shutters limit the x-ray beam.
One or more sets of adjustable lead shutters are
located 3 to 7 inches (8 − 18 cm) below the tube.
14. GRID
IT’S MADE UP OF LEAD MATERIAL
ITS INSERTED B/W PATIENT AND THE FILM
PURPOSE
REDUCE THE SCATTERED RADIATION
IMPROVE IMAGE CONTRAST.
15. X-RAY TABLES OR PATIENT
TABLES
CHARACTERISTICS
•RADIOLUCENT MATERIAL
•EASILY CLEANED
•SCRATCH RESISTANT
•BUCKY TRAY
•BUCKY SLOT COVER
•GRID
16. BUCKY
A BUCKY IS TYPICALLY USED FOR TABLE
OR WALL MOUNTED X-RAY SYSTEMS AND
HOLDS THE X-RAY CASSETTE AND GRID. A
BUCKY IS A DEVICE FOUND UNDERNEATH
THE EXAM TABLE, A DRAWER LIKE DEVICE
THAT THE CASSETTE AND GRID IS SLID
INTO BEFORE SHOOTING X-RAY.