This document discusses different types of spacecraft and space missions used to explore the solar system. It describes flyby missions like Voyager that pass by planets to study them without entering orbit. Orbiter spacecraft like Galileo are designed to enter a planet's orbit to study it up close for an extended period. Atmospheric probes and landers allow studying a planet's surface and atmosphere. Future technologies like ion propulsion could enable slower but more fuel efficient missions. Successfully exploring the solar system requires careful planning of spacecraft design, trajectories, and within budget constraints that can exceed $100 million per mission.
Orbit design for exoplanet discovery spacecraft dr dora musielak 1 april 2019Dora Musielak, Ph.D.
Most exoplanets have been discovered with space telescopes. Starting with an overview of rocket propulsion, this presentation introduces spacecraft trajectories in the Sun-Earth-Moon System, focusing especially on those appropriate for exoplanet detection spacecraft. It reviews past, present, and future exoplanet discovery missions.
Orbit design for exoplanet discovery spacecraft dr dora musielak 1 april 2019Dora Musielak, Ph.D.
Most exoplanets have been discovered with space telescopes. Starting with an overview of rocket propulsion, this presentation introduces spacecraft trajectories in the Sun-Earth-Moon System, focusing especially on those appropriate for exoplanet detection spacecraft. It reviews past, present, and future exoplanet discovery missions.
Type of robot : Space robot
Name of robot : Curiosity
Mission type : Mars rover
Operator : NASA International team
COSPAR ID : 2011-070A
Website : mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/
Mission duration : 1416 days (as of June 22, 2016)
Manufacturer : JPL, Boeing, Lockheed Martin
Dry mass : 899 kg
Launch date : November 26, 2011, 15:02:00 UTC
Rocket : Atlas V 541 (AV-028)
Launch site : Cape Canaveral LC-41
Reference system : Heliocentric Orbit
Spacecraft component: Rover
Landing date : August 6, 2012, 05:17:57 UTC SCET
MSD 49269 05:53:28 AMT
Landing site : Aeolis Palus ("Bradbury Landing") in
Gale Crater (4.5895°S 137.4417°E)
So what launch speed does a satellite need in order to orbit the earth? ... The motion of satellites, like any projectile, is governed by Newton's laws of motion.
Astronomy notes3: Notes on our Solar System of 8 planets & other heavenly bo...Robin Seamon
Notes on our Solar System of 8 planets & other heavenly bodies, including constellations, as well as an introduction to the Space Race & important missions, finishing with space technology & consumer spinoffs
Links from the slides:
Rover Report June 13, 2013 - Curiosity's Cameras
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2rwWECbEHg&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PLE8C83FF0367EEF8C
Rover Report October 26, 2012 - ChemCam
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDgv14Qtl1c&list=PLE8C83FF0367EEF8C
Rover Report March 15, 2013 - Evidence for Life?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUVmyI9yjyU
Rover Report July 11, 2013 - Trek to Mount Sharp Begins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vluaivJqo9w#at=12
The term "evolution" usually refers to the biological evolution of living things. But the processes by which planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe form and change over time are also types of "evolution." In all of these cases there is change over time, although the processes involved are quite different.
Type of robot : Space robot
Name of robot : Curiosity
Mission type : Mars rover
Operator : NASA International team
COSPAR ID : 2011-070A
Website : mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/
Mission duration : 1416 days (as of June 22, 2016)
Manufacturer : JPL, Boeing, Lockheed Martin
Dry mass : 899 kg
Launch date : November 26, 2011, 15:02:00 UTC
Rocket : Atlas V 541 (AV-028)
Launch site : Cape Canaveral LC-41
Reference system : Heliocentric Orbit
Spacecraft component: Rover
Landing date : August 6, 2012, 05:17:57 UTC SCET
MSD 49269 05:53:28 AMT
Landing site : Aeolis Palus ("Bradbury Landing") in
Gale Crater (4.5895°S 137.4417°E)
So what launch speed does a satellite need in order to orbit the earth? ... The motion of satellites, like any projectile, is governed by Newton's laws of motion.
Astronomy notes3: Notes on our Solar System of 8 planets & other heavenly bo...Robin Seamon
Notes on our Solar System of 8 planets & other heavenly bodies, including constellations, as well as an introduction to the Space Race & important missions, finishing with space technology & consumer spinoffs
Links from the slides:
Rover Report June 13, 2013 - Curiosity's Cameras
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2rwWECbEHg&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PLE8C83FF0367EEF8C
Rover Report October 26, 2012 - ChemCam
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDgv14Qtl1c&list=PLE8C83FF0367EEF8C
Rover Report March 15, 2013 - Evidence for Life?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUVmyI9yjyU
Rover Report July 11, 2013 - Trek to Mount Sharp Begins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vluaivJqo9w#at=12
The term "evolution" usually refers to the biological evolution of living things. But the processes by which planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe form and change over time are also types of "evolution." In all of these cases there is change over time, although the processes involved are quite different.
The Unprecedented Rosetta mission to Comet 67P/Churyumov–GerasimenkoThomas Madigan
After almost 11 years in transit and 4 gravitational assists from the Earth and Mars, the European Space Agency’s Rosetta probe has arrived at the Jupiter-family comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Arriving on Wednesday, August 6th, the probe went into a 100 km-high orbit around the comet, both of which are now in common orbit around the sun. Depending on the comet’s activity, Rosetta will come as close as 10 km to the comet’s nucleus over the course of the mission. With a high orbital eccentricity (the orbit’s deviation from a perfect circle) of 0.640, a perihelion of 1.2 AU and an aphelion of 5.68 AU, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is now in common orbit around the sun with Rosetta.
Rosetta is a cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). It is an unprecedented landmark achievement in human history and the history of science. Humankind has placed a sophisticated instrument of science in orbit around a comet's nucleus and has placed a robotic lander in the surface of that nucleus! Rosetta will chase down, go into orbit around, and land on the object of interest. It will study 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with a combination of remote sensing and in situ measurements. The mission has 2 phases, the ongoing orbital phase and the landing phase. During the ongoing orbital phase, the spacecraft will examine the comet up close with its suite of 11 instruments. During the landing phase, the orbiter will release the Philae lander which carries an onboard suite of 10 instruments for imaging and sampling the comet’s nucleus. The mission will track the comet through perihelion, its closest approach to the sun, examining its behavior before, during and after.
Providing an introductory retrospective of comets, sometimes regarded as harbingers of doom, Prof. Madigan discusses this historic mission, a mission that includes study of the comet from the surface of its nucleus!
This public event was hosted at the Ross School (East Hampton, NY) by the Montauk Observatory on September 18th, 2014.
Information for Satellite, What is a Satellite...YaserKhan21
What is a Satellite?, Types of Satellite, Satellite Architecture and Organization, Application
Advantages of satellite over terrestrial communication, Disadvantage, Brief History of Artificial Satellites, Parts of a Satellite, What Keeps A Satellite from Falling to Earth?, What stops a Satellite from crashing into another Satellite?, Moons Around Other Worlds, About the International Space Station, Satellites in ISRO, Chandrayaan-1, Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3
Ok, we found a new Earth nearby. Next question is: how do we get there?
The amazing challenge to get mankind to become an interstellar species and how we could potentially get there.
The different technologies involved and the key challenges to overcome.
Welcome to teh next chapter of mankind.
Journey of Rosetta to comet 67P - Satellite CommunicationSaiChaitanya13
Rosetta is a robotic space probe built and launched by the European Space Agency which is performing a detailed study of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P) with both an orbiter and a lander module Philae.
The Universe is all of space time and everything that exists therein, including all planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy.
Similar terms include the cosmos, the world, reality, and nature.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GenAISummit 2024 May 28 Sri Ambati Keynote: AGI Belongs to The Community in O...
29sept03 notes
1. Exploring the Solar System:
all about spacecraft/spaceflight
I. How can we explore the Solar System?
- types of space missions
II. How do we get there?
- launch & orbits
- gravity assist
- fuel/propulsion
III. Onboard Systems
- everything but the kitchen sink…
29 Sept 03
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
1
2. 1. Flyby Missions
• usually the first phase of exploration
(remember Mars & Mariner 4?)
• spacecraft following continuous orbit
- around the Sun
- escape trajectory
(heading off into deep space)
29 Sept 03
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
2
3. Famous Example: VOYAGER 2
- launch 1977 with VOYAGER 1
- flew by Jupiter in 1979
- Saturn in 1980/1981
- Uranus (V2) in 1986
- Neptune in 1989
- will continue to interstellar space
- study of interplanetary space particles (Van Allen)
- data expected until 2020
Clouds on Neptune
Interplanetary
29 Sept 03
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang Space & the Solar Wind
3
4. Other Flyby examples:
Underway: Stardust Comet return mission
- launched in 1999
- interstellar dust collection
- asteroid Annefrank flyby
- Comet encounter (Jan 2004)
- Earth/sample return (Jan 2006)
29 Sept 03
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5. Future flyby: Pluto-Kuiper Belt Mission
- to be launched in January 2006
- swing by Jupiter (gravity assist*)
- fly by Pluto & moon Charon in 2015
- then head into Kuiper Belt region
(tons of solar system debris)
- to study objects that are like Pluto
29 Sept 03
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
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6. 2. Orbiter Spacecraft
• designed to travel to distant planet &
enter into orbit around planet
• must carry substantial propulsion
(fuel) capacity has to withstand:
- staying in the ‘dark’ for periods of time
- extreme thermal variations
- staying out of touch with Earth for periods of
time
• usually the second phase of
exploration
29 Sept 03
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7. Famous Example: Galileo
- why would a mission to Jupiter be called Galileo?
- launched in 1989 aboard Atlantis Space Shuttle
- entered into Jupiter’s orbit in 1995
- highly successful study of Jupiter & its moons
Burned up in Jupiter’s atmosphere last week!
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8. 3. Atmospheric Spacecraft
- relatively short mission
- collect data about the atmosphere of a planet or planet’s moon
- usually piggy back on a bigger craft
- needs no propulsion of its own
- takes direct measurements of atmosphere
- usually is destroyed; rest of spacecraft continues its mission
Example:
Galileo’s atmospheric probe
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9. Example: Galileo’s atmospheric probe
- traveled with Galileo for nearly six years
- took five months from release to contact with atmosphere
- collected 1 hour’s data IN Jupiter’s atmosphere
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10. 4. Lander Spacecraft
- designed to reach surface of a planet/body
- survive long enough to transmit data back to Earth
- small, chemical experiments possible
Mars Viking
Lander
Many Successful Examples:
- Mars Viking Landers
- Venus Lander
- Moon Landers
(with humans!)
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11. Example: NEAR Asteroid Rendevous Mission
fly to a nearby asteroid: Eros – 1-2 AU orbit around Sun
Near-Earth Asteroid Eros
29 Sept 03
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
~ twice size of NYC
11
14. 5. Penetrator Spacecraft
- designed to penetrate the surface of a planet/body
- must survive the impact of many times the gravity on Earth
- measure properties of impacted surface
No Currently Successful Examples:
- Deep Space 2 (lost with Mars Polar Lander)
But more to come in future:
- “Ice Pick” Mission to Jupiter’s Moon Europa
- “Deep Impact” Mission to a Comet
29 Sept 03
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16. 6. Rover Spacecraft
- electrically powered, mobile rovers
- mainly designed for exploration of Mars’ surface
- purposes: taking/analyzing samples with possibility of return
- Pathfinder was test mission – now being heavily developed
Mars Pathfinder
29 Sept 03
Mars Exploration Rovers
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
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17. 7. Observatory Spacecraft
- in Earth orbit (or at Lagrange points)
- NASA’s “Great Observatories”:
- Hubble (visible)
- Chandra (X-ray)
- SIRTF (infrared)
- Compton (gamma-rays)
SOHO
-Large, complex scientific instruments
- up to 10-20 instruments on board
- designed to last > 5-10 years
SIRTF (near-IR)
29 Sept 03
Chandra (X-ray)
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
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18. How do we get there?
using LEAST amount of
fuel – saves big $$$ to be light
1. First must leave the Earth’s surface
- must ‘escape’ into orbit
- gets an initial boost via rocket
to go into Earth’s orbit – needs
an acceleration of 5 miles/sec
- during orbit, you sometimes
need to adjust height of orbit
by increasing/decreasing energy:
- practically: firing onboard rocket
thrusters
- a speed of 19,000 miles/hr
willSept 03 in orbit around Earth
keep craft
29
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
18
19. How do we get there?
using LEAST amount of
fuel – saves big $$$ to be light
2. To get to an outer orbit: Mars
- spacecraft already in orbit (around Sun)
- need to adjust the orbit – boost via rocket –
so that the spacecraft gets transferred from
Earth’s orbit around Sun to Mars’ orbit around Sun
- but you want spacecraft to intercept Mars on
Mars’ orbit
- matter of timing: small window every 26 months
- to be captured by Mars – must decelerate
- to LAND on Mars – must decelerate further &
useSept 03 mechanism Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
29 braking
19
20. How do we get there?
using LEAST amount of
fuel – saves big $$$ to be light
3. To get to an inner orbit: Venus
- spacecraft already in orbit (around Sun) on Earth
- need to adjust the orbit once off Earth to head
inwards to Venus
- instead of SLOWING down (you’d fall to Earth),
you use reverse motion in your solar orbit, effectively
slowing down to land on Venus’ orbit
- but you want spacecraft to intercept Venus on
Venus’ orbit
- matter of timing: small window every 19 months
29 Sept 03
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
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21. How do we get there?
using LEAST amount of
fuel – saves big $$$ to be light
4. Gravity Assist
- can use the law of gravity to help spacecraft
propel themselves further out in the SS
- Voyager: its trajectory was aimed at getting
to Jupiter’s orbit just after Jupiter
- Voyager was gravitationally attracted to
Jupiter, and fell in towards Jupiter
- Jupiter was “tugged on” by Voyager and its
orbital energy decreased slightly
-then Voyager had more energy than was
needed to stay in orbit around Jupiter, and
was propelled outward!
29 Sept 03
- repeated at Saturn & Uranus
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
21
22. At what speeds are these things traveling through space?
The currently fastest spacecraft speeds are
around 20 km per second (72,000 km per/hr)
For example, Voyager 1 is now moving
outwards from the solar system at a speed of
16 km per second. At this rate, it would
take 85,000 years to reach the nearest star
-3,000 human generations!
Even assuming that we could reach a speed
of 1/10th of the velocity of light, it would
still take a minimum of 40 years or so to
reach our nearest star.
29 Sept 03
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23. How do we get there?
using LEAST amount of
fuel – saves big $$$ to be light
5. Concerns about energy sources
- traditional energy boost: chemical thrusters
- most of energy is provided on launch – very costly!
especially for large, heavy, complex instruments
- a few times per year spacecraft fires short
bursts from its thrusters to make adjustments
- mostly free falling in orbit, coasting to destination
29 Sept 03
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
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24. How do we get there?
using LEAST amount of
fuel – saves big $$$ to be light
5. The Future: Ion Propulsion
- Xenon atoms are made of protons (+) and electrons (-)
- bombard a gas with electrons (-) to change charge
- creates a build up of IONS (+)
- use magnetic field to direct charged particles
- the IONS are accelerated out the back of craft
- this pushes the craft in the opposite direction
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25. •
•
•
•
to operate the ion system, use SOLAR panels
sometimes called solar-electric propulsion
can push a spacecraft up to 10x that of chemical propulsion
very gentle – best for slow accelerations
29 Sept 03
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26. HISTORY of ION PROPULSION
• first ion propulsion engine – built in 1960
• over 50 years in design/development at NASA
• very new technology
• has been used successfully on test mission:
Deep Space 1
29 Sept 03
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27. Europe’s Lunar Explorer: Smart 1 Probe
- launched 27 September 2003 (Saturday)
- 2-2.5 year mission
- will study lunar geochemistry
- search for ice at south Lunar pole
- **testing/proving of ion propulsion drives!**
29 Sept 03
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28. Onboard Systems on Most Spacecraft: Galileo
1. data handling
2. flight control 3. telecommunications
4. electrical power 5. particle shields
6. temperature control
7. propulsion mechanism System - Dr. C.C. Lang
8. mechanical devices28
(deployment)
29 Sept 03
Solar
29. Time & Money Considerations
Planning for a new spacecraft
- plans start about ~10 years before projected launch date
- must make through numerous hurdles/reviews
- very competitive: 1/10-25 average acceptance rate
Costs! (circa 2000) – total NASA budget (2000) was $13 billion
• Basic Assumptions for design/development of small craft:
- Cost of spacecraft and design: $50M
- Cost of launch: $50M + $10M per AU + $10M per instrument
- Cost of mission operations: $10M / month
- Initial speed: 3 months per AU of distance
For every additional instrument, add $100M and increase travel time by 25%
(e.g., for four instruments, double the travel time)
A probe, lander, or balloon counts as two additional instruments.
If you are going to the outer Solar System (Jupiter or beyond),
you must add plutonium batteries, which count as one instrument.
29 Sept 03
Solar System - Dr. C.C. Lang
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30. This powerpoint was kindly donated to
www.worldofteaching.com
http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a
thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a
completely free site and requires no registration. Please
visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
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