William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D. - Keynote - "What Can We Do To Increase Physica...youth_nex
The Youth-Nex Conference on Physical Health and Well-Being for Youth, Oct 10 & 11, 2013, University of Virginia
William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D. - "What Can We Do To Increase Physical Activity in Youth?"
Until July 2012, Dietz was the Director of the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity at the CDC. Prior to his appointment to the CDC, he was a Professor of Pediatrics at the Tuft's University School of Medicine, and Director of Clinical Nutrition at the Floating Hospital of New England Medical Center Hospitals.
Website: http://bit.ly/YNCONF13
An online survey of pupils’ experiences of eating disorders - journal articlePooky Knightsmith
Background: Eating disorders (ED) have a peak rate of onset in school-aged children. Little is known about pupils’ experiences of ED within a school setting.
Method: Five hundred and eleven 11- to 19-year-old school pupils completed an online questionnaire exploring their experiences of ED (72% female, 28% male). Responses were analysed using content analysis principles.
Results: Of the participants, 38% had a current or past ED, 49% of these had never received a formal diagnosis. Of the respondents, 59% saw a need to raise ED
awareness. Only 7% would confide in a teacher about an ED.
Conclusions: Efforts are needed to break down
barriers to disclosure and support teachers to play an effective role in the detection and early intervention for
ED.
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Studyjehill3
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Study
Julie Hettinger, Food for the Hungry
Nutrition Working Group Showcase
CORE Group Spring Meeting, April 29, 2010
A Conceptual Framework for Healthy Eating Behavior inEcuador.docxevonnehoggarth79783
A Conceptual Framework for Healthy Eating Behavior in
Ecuadorian Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Roosmarijn Verstraeten1,2*, Kathleen Van Royen2, Angélica Ochoa-Avilés2,3, Daniela Penafiel2,4,
Michelle Holdsworth5, Silvana Donoso3, Lea Maes6, Patrick Kolsteren1,2
1 Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, 2 Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,
3 Food, Nutrition and Health program, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador, 4 Rural Research Centre, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador,
5 Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) - The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 6 Department of Public Health, Ghent
University, Ghent, Belgium
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing eating behavior of Ecuadorian adolescents - from
the perspective of parents, school staff and adolescents - to develop a conceptual framework for adolescents’ eating
behavior.
Study design: Twenty focus groups (N = 144 participants) were conducted separately with adolescents aged 11–15 y (n
(focus groups) = 12, N (participants) = 80), parents (n = 4, N = 32) and school staff (n = 4, N = 32) in rural and urban Ecuador.
A semi-structured questioning route was developed based on the ‘Attitude, Social influences and Self-efficacy’ model and
the socio-ecological model to assess the relevance of behavioral and environmental factors in low- and middle-income
countries. Two researchers independently analyzed verbatim transcripts for emerging themes, using deductive thematic
content analysis. Data were analyzed using NVivo 8.
Results: All groups recognized the importance of eating healthily and key individual factors in Ecuadorian adolescents’ food
choices were: financial autonomy, food safety perceptions, lack of self-control, habit strength, taste preferences and
perceived peer norms. Environmental factors included the poor nutritional quality of food and its easy access at school. In
their home and family environment, time and convenience completed the picture as barriers to eating healthily. Participants
acknowledged the impact of the changing socio-cultural environment on adolescents’ eating patterns. Availability of
healthy food at home and financial constraints differed between settings and socio-economic groups.
Conclusion: Our findings endorse the importance of investigating behavioral and environmental factors that influence and
mediate healthy dietary behavior prior to intervention development. Several culture-specific factors emerged that were
incorporated into a conceptual framework for developing health promotion interventions in Ecuador.
Citation: Verstraeten R, Van Royen K, Ochoa-Avilés A, Penafiel D, Holdsworth M, et al. (2014) A Conceptual Framework for Healthy Eating Behavior in Ecuadorian
Adolescents: A Qualitative Study. PLoS ONE 9(1): e87183. doi:10.1371/journal..
William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D. - Keynote - "What Can We Do To Increase Physica...youth_nex
The Youth-Nex Conference on Physical Health and Well-Being for Youth, Oct 10 & 11, 2013, University of Virginia
William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D. - "What Can We Do To Increase Physical Activity in Youth?"
Until July 2012, Dietz was the Director of the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity at the CDC. Prior to his appointment to the CDC, he was a Professor of Pediatrics at the Tuft's University School of Medicine, and Director of Clinical Nutrition at the Floating Hospital of New England Medical Center Hospitals.
Website: http://bit.ly/YNCONF13
An online survey of pupils’ experiences of eating disorders - journal articlePooky Knightsmith
Background: Eating disorders (ED) have a peak rate of onset in school-aged children. Little is known about pupils’ experiences of ED within a school setting.
Method: Five hundred and eleven 11- to 19-year-old school pupils completed an online questionnaire exploring their experiences of ED (72% female, 28% male). Responses were analysed using content analysis principles.
Results: Of the participants, 38% had a current or past ED, 49% of these had never received a formal diagnosis. Of the respondents, 59% saw a need to raise ED
awareness. Only 7% would confide in a teacher about an ED.
Conclusions: Efforts are needed to break down
barriers to disclosure and support teachers to play an effective role in the detection and early intervention for
ED.
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Studyjehill3
Local Determinants of Malnutrition: An Expanded Positive Deviance Study
Julie Hettinger, Food for the Hungry
Nutrition Working Group Showcase
CORE Group Spring Meeting, April 29, 2010
A Conceptual Framework for Healthy Eating Behavior inEcuador.docxevonnehoggarth79783
A Conceptual Framework for Healthy Eating Behavior in
Ecuadorian Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Roosmarijn Verstraeten1,2*, Kathleen Van Royen2, Angélica Ochoa-Avilés2,3, Daniela Penafiel2,4,
Michelle Holdsworth5, Silvana Donoso3, Lea Maes6, Patrick Kolsteren1,2
1 Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, 2 Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,
3 Food, Nutrition and Health program, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador, 4 Rural Research Centre, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador,
5 Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) - The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 6 Department of Public Health, Ghent
University, Ghent, Belgium
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing eating behavior of Ecuadorian adolescents - from
the perspective of parents, school staff and adolescents - to develop a conceptual framework for adolescents’ eating
behavior.
Study design: Twenty focus groups (N = 144 participants) were conducted separately with adolescents aged 11–15 y (n
(focus groups) = 12, N (participants) = 80), parents (n = 4, N = 32) and school staff (n = 4, N = 32) in rural and urban Ecuador.
A semi-structured questioning route was developed based on the ‘Attitude, Social influences and Self-efficacy’ model and
the socio-ecological model to assess the relevance of behavioral and environmental factors in low- and middle-income
countries. Two researchers independently analyzed verbatim transcripts for emerging themes, using deductive thematic
content analysis. Data were analyzed using NVivo 8.
Results: All groups recognized the importance of eating healthily and key individual factors in Ecuadorian adolescents’ food
choices were: financial autonomy, food safety perceptions, lack of self-control, habit strength, taste preferences and
perceived peer norms. Environmental factors included the poor nutritional quality of food and its easy access at school. In
their home and family environment, time and convenience completed the picture as barriers to eating healthily. Participants
acknowledged the impact of the changing socio-cultural environment on adolescents’ eating patterns. Availability of
healthy food at home and financial constraints differed between settings and socio-economic groups.
Conclusion: Our findings endorse the importance of investigating behavioral and environmental factors that influence and
mediate healthy dietary behavior prior to intervention development. Several culture-specific factors emerged that were
incorporated into a conceptual framework for developing health promotion interventions in Ecuador.
Citation: Verstraeten R, Van Royen K, Ochoa-Avilés A, Penafiel D, Holdsworth M, et al. (2014) A Conceptual Framework for Healthy Eating Behavior in Ecuadorian
Adolescents: A Qualitative Study. PLoS ONE 9(1): e87183. doi:10.1371/journal..
School staff experiences of eating disorders - academic journal articlePooky Knightsmith
Background: Eating disorders (ED) have a peak rate of onset in school-aged children. Little is known about
teachers’ experiences of ED.
Method: A total of 826 school staff completed an online questionnaire exploring
their Eating Disorder experiences. Responses were analysed using content analysis principles.
Results: 74 per
cent of respondents’ schools had received no training on ED, 40% did not know how to follow up
pupils’ Eating Disorder concerns and 89% of respondents felt uncomfortable teaching pupils about ED.
Conclusions: School staff feel ill-equipped to support ED. Training in the recognition, support and teaching of
ED would be welcomed and could improve outcomes for young people.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL DENTAL SCREENING, PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH EDUC...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of school screening, parental knowledge and health education in
stimulating dental attendance among 6 to 10 years old children.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out, with a sample size of 155 in each group. The study was conducted over a
period of 3 months, baseline clinical findings were assessed using dentition status and plaque index and knowledge of parents was evaluated using a
questionnaire in both the groups. The study group participants received oral health education and educational leaflets were distributed to the
parents. Further after 3 months, the post-intervention improvement was assessed as before. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version
22. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The overtime changes in oral health knowledge of parents were significantly different in the study group (p-value <0.001). Highly
significant reduction in Plaque scores was reported in the study group compared to control group (p-value <0.001). Overall there were no
significant differences in DMFT and dmft increments between the groups. The intervention was not effective at reducing the level of active caries
and increasing attendance in the population under study.
Conclusion: Even though the intervention had positive effects on plaque score and and on oral health knowledge of parents, but the rate of
utilization was low. We need additional efforts addressing another individual, family, and community level factors to make such programs more
fruitful
School-based physical activity programs for children and adolescents (aged 6 ...Health Evidence™
Health Evidence and Canadian Cochrane Centre hosted a 90 minute webinar on School-based physical activity. This work received support from KT Canada funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Key messages and implications for practice were presented on Wednesday October 30, 2013 at 1:00 pm EST.
This webinar focused on interpreting the evidence in the following review:
Dobbins,M., Husson, H., DeCorby K., & LaRocca, R.L. (2013). School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6-18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(2), Art. No.: CD007651.
Maureen Dobbins, Scientific Director of Health Evidence, lead the webinar.
An assessment of adolescent eating habits in public schools of chak shahzad, ...Zubia Qureshi
Abstract: Eating patterns influence the nutritional status, health, learning process and academic performance of the school children. This study was conducted to explore the food availability at school canteens and food intake by adolescents in break period. A cross sectional study was conducted on 290 adolescents (145 were girls and 145 boys) of 6th, 7th and 8th grade from public schools of Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. Pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Chi square / fisher exact test was done by using SPSS to check the association. The mean age of adolescents was 12.6 ± 1.33 years. They were reported normal, underweight, overweight and obese as 176 (60.7%), 79 (27.2%), 27 (9.3%) and 9 (2.8%) respectively. Nutritional status was significantly related with gender, age and grade of adolescents with p-value <0.05. Response showed that 199 (68.6%) adolescents prefer canteen food during break time, and 66 (22.8%) give preference to homemade lunch. Few of them 25 (8.6%) take fruits in school break time. About (24.8%) took drink with lunch which were juices 30 (10.3%), milk/milk shake 14 (5.9%), carbonated drinks 6 (2.1%), and tea/coffee 13 (4.5%). Consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products was found as 64 (22.1%), 26 (0.9%), 32 (11%), 4 (1.4%) and 1 (0.3%) respectively in adolescents who brought their lunch from home. Around 49% of students were not satisfied with food provided on their school canteens. Availability of food items on school canteens and overall eating pattern of adolescents is not satisfactory. There is a need of school canteen guidelines/policy and nutritional education to canteen staff and pupils.
Keywords: School Canteen, Pakistan, Eating Habits, Adolescents
Effectiveness of a group-based tutorial direct instruction program with a Canadian-Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal sample of children in care
Children in foster care are frequently behind in educational achievement (Flynn, Ghzal, Legault, Vandermeulen, & Petrick, 2004) and perform below grade level (Trout, Hagaman, Casey, Reid, & Epstein, 2008 for a review). Vacca (2008) found that children in foster care perform seven to eight percentile points lower in achievement test scores when compared to children in the general population. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a direct instruction literacy and math program ("Teach Your Children Well"; TYCW) in a small group format to educationally disadvantaged children in foster care. Across the two years of the study, 101 children in long-term foster care, 78.2% of which were Aboriginal Canadian, between grades 1 and 8 inclusive, participated in this randomized control trial intervention. Half were randomly assigned to the 30- week experimental TYCW condition, while the other half served as waitlist controls. Children were assessed at baseline and post-intervention on word reading, spelling, sentence comprehension, and mathematic skills using an academic measure of functioning, the Wide Range Achievement Test Forth Edition (WRAT4). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in standard scores on reading decoding, spelling and mathematic skills for those who received the tutoring. Meaningful effect sizes (small to moderate range) were also found in support of the tutoring intervention across these three domains. Furthermore, the results also indicated that condition predicted improvements in word reading for those with elevated levels of school instability, and a trend towards those with high inattention symptoms, as measured by the Conners' ADHD/DSM-IV Scales (CADS). The implications of these findings as they relate to improving educational achievement among foster children are discussed.
Spotting and Supporting Eating Disorders in School - Recommendations from Sch...Pooky Knightsmith
Eating disorders have a high rate of onset in school-aged children. School staff are in an excellent position to spot the early warning signs and offer support during recovery. This paper explores the findings from focus groups conducted with 63 members of staff from 29 UK schools with the aims of (a) understanding whether they are in a good position to support students with eating disorders and (b) to generate recommendations regarding school staff’s training needs for spotting and supporting eating disorders. Participants took part in semi-structured focus groups. These were transcribed and analysed using content analysis principles. Five key themes emerged: 1. Many staff don’t have a basic understanding of eating disorders; 2. Eating disorders are taboo in the staffroom; 3. Staff don’t feel comfortable talking to students about eating disorders; 4. Support is needed to ensure the teacher-parent relationship is a positive one; 5. School staff would welcome practical ideas for how they can best support students during the recovery period. The findings show that school staff currently feel ill-equipped to support students with eating disorders and endorse a need for focused training for school staff to better enable them to support students with eating disorders.
Running head CHILDHOOD OBESITY 1CHILDHOOD OBESITY 7.docxsusanschei
Running head: CHILDHOOD OBESITY 1
CHILDHOOD OBESITY 7
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Summary of the Study
The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of school-based programs in treating and managing overweight and obesity among children. Childhood obesity is increasingly becoming both national and global public health concern that has resulted in increased childhood morbidity and mortality. In particular, childhood obesity has catapulted the increase in health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, as well as osteoarthritis later in adulthood (Mahmood et al. 2014). Schools can provide one of the most effective channels through which childhood obesity interventions can be directed. In this respect, policies, procedures, and guidelines have been passed in many nations and states for the implementation of school-based interventions. In the United States, many studies have recommended the utilization of school-based obesity management programs to address the unending crisis of childhood obesity. In light of this concern, this study seeks to investigate the efficacy of school-based interventions in treating and managing childhood obesity. In particular, the study will also assess school methodologies such as incorporation of obesity education into the routine curriculum in minimizing the constantly-increasing cases of obese children population.
Method of Study
The study is also going to use qualitative design in order to examine the perception of children towards school-based obesity management initiatives. Previous studies conducted by Clarke et al. (2015) also sought to investigate the experiences and views of kids who went through school-based obesity management programs. This can help to improve knowledge and understanding of better ways to address the problem of childhood obesity within school settings. In order to provide a comprehensive finding that guides future clinical decision-making, the study will evaluate efficacy of school-based interventions with respect to many key areas. They include cost efficiency of school-based interventions, improvements in physical activities and healthy eating habits following interventions, as well as level of awareness among children on the dangers of childhood obesity and the ways in which it can be averted. Furthermore, effectiveness will be investigated through evaluation of body weight and BMI before and after the introductions of these interventions (Mahmood et al. 2014). Most significantly, cardiovascular fitness and other outcome measures will be investigated. The target population and participants of the study will mainly be school-going children. Both boys and girls with an average age of between 8 and 16 years will be incorporated into the study.
Schools vary in the ways in which they utilize such interventions. For instance, some schools utilize planet health programs that incorpo ...
Running head LITERATURE REVIEW 1LITERATURE REVIEW 5.docxcowinhelen
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
LITERATURE REVIEW 5
Literature Review
Name:
Institution:
Literature Review (Childhood Obesity)
Childhood Obesity describes attainments of weight beyond the normal body mass index ration leading to the vulnerability in lines. In the study, the use of article will facilitate the process. As noted, the researcher of the material sought to evaluate the factors that contribute to obesity in children. Their study focused on dieting and physical exercise as the primary factors that contribute to obesity. The researchers commenced the process by identifying the research question, proceeded with instruments then selected the design before engaging the target population to validate the research hypothesis. The target group for the study comprised of children aged below 12 years. They included children from a different racial background. Both boys and girls featured in the study. The researcher hypothesized the cause of obesity with the motive of encouraging the adaptation of intervention programs. The study prioritized preventive measures with the intent of decreasing cases of obesity in children in less than six months.
The literature for study includes article 1, 2, 3 and 4. Article 5, 6, 7 and 8 also featured in the study. The research sought to evaluate the prevailing trends concerning the wellness of the children using a collection of questions. The first article by Bleich, Segal, Wu, and Wilson& Wang sought to evaluate the role of community-based prevention. The second article by Tester et al examined the characteristics of the condition in children aged between 2 and 5. The third article by Cunningham, Kramer, & Narayan quantified the prevalence of the condition. Arthur, Scharf, and DeBoer’s fourth sought to evaluate the role of food insecurity in the contraction of obesity. The fifth and sixth Fetter et al and Lydecke, Riley, & Grilo examined the role of physical activity and parenting subsequently. The exploration of the implication of the limitation of the dietary behavior of the micro levels of the condition and parents understanding on the condition featured in the seventh and eight articles composed by Marcum, et al, and Vollmer respectively.
The sample population for the study in the first article comprised of the young population in homes school and care setting. The second article engaged children aged between 2 and 5 years. The third article engaged 7738 participants comprising of learners in kindergarten. The group in the early childhood stage featured in the fourth article as the sample population for the study seeking to investigate cases of obesity. The sample differed from the group engaged in the fifth and sixth article. The category interviewed comprised of the parents of the youth and pre-adolescents, the seventh and eight articles engaged the mothers of the children and the fathers averaging 35 years of white origin.
The limitation of the first article is that the resear ...
Adolescence is the most vulnerable period to reproductive health problems.
These problems include early pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually
infections transmitted (STIs) including the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), sexual abuse. Access for sexuality education and reproductive health
services to comprehensive and youth-friendly was limited. This study aims
to determine the effectiveness of peer educators and guidance and
counselling teachers in adolescent reproductive health level of knowledge.
This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control
group design with treatment groups using peer educators and teacher as
control groups. The sample size was 70 respondents. Data was collected by
questionnaire that already had validity and reliability test. Data analysis used
univariate, t-test and logistic regression. The results of this study showed
that the provision of information was more effective through guidance
conselling teachers (p=0.000, exp B=14.5). This study recommends that
improve adolescents’ reproductive knowledge need to optimize the role of
guidance and counseling teachers in providing information.
School staff experiences of eating disorders - academic journal articlePooky Knightsmith
Background: Eating disorders (ED) have a peak rate of onset in school-aged children. Little is known about
teachers’ experiences of ED.
Method: A total of 826 school staff completed an online questionnaire exploring
their Eating Disorder experiences. Responses were analysed using content analysis principles.
Results: 74 per
cent of respondents’ schools had received no training on ED, 40% did not know how to follow up
pupils’ Eating Disorder concerns and 89% of respondents felt uncomfortable teaching pupils about ED.
Conclusions: School staff feel ill-equipped to support ED. Training in the recognition, support and teaching of
ED would be welcomed and could improve outcomes for young people.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SCHOOL DENTAL SCREENING, PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH EDUC...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of school screening, parental knowledge and health education in
stimulating dental attendance among 6 to 10 years old children.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out, with a sample size of 155 in each group. The study was conducted over a
period of 3 months, baseline clinical findings were assessed using dentition status and plaque index and knowledge of parents was evaluated using a
questionnaire in both the groups. The study group participants received oral health education and educational leaflets were distributed to the
parents. Further after 3 months, the post-intervention improvement was assessed as before. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version
22. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The overtime changes in oral health knowledge of parents were significantly different in the study group (p-value <0.001). Highly
significant reduction in Plaque scores was reported in the study group compared to control group (p-value <0.001). Overall there were no
significant differences in DMFT and dmft increments between the groups. The intervention was not effective at reducing the level of active caries
and increasing attendance in the population under study.
Conclusion: Even though the intervention had positive effects on plaque score and and on oral health knowledge of parents, but the rate of
utilization was low. We need additional efforts addressing another individual, family, and community level factors to make such programs more
fruitful
School-based physical activity programs for children and adolescents (aged 6 ...Health Evidence™
Health Evidence and Canadian Cochrane Centre hosted a 90 minute webinar on School-based physical activity. This work received support from KT Canada funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Key messages and implications for practice were presented on Wednesday October 30, 2013 at 1:00 pm EST.
This webinar focused on interpreting the evidence in the following review:
Dobbins,M., Husson, H., DeCorby K., & LaRocca, R.L. (2013). School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6-18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(2), Art. No.: CD007651.
Maureen Dobbins, Scientific Director of Health Evidence, lead the webinar.
An assessment of adolescent eating habits in public schools of chak shahzad, ...Zubia Qureshi
Abstract: Eating patterns influence the nutritional status, health, learning process and academic performance of the school children. This study was conducted to explore the food availability at school canteens and food intake by adolescents in break period. A cross sectional study was conducted on 290 adolescents (145 were girls and 145 boys) of 6th, 7th and 8th grade from public schools of Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. Pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Chi square / fisher exact test was done by using SPSS to check the association. The mean age of adolescents was 12.6 ± 1.33 years. They were reported normal, underweight, overweight and obese as 176 (60.7%), 79 (27.2%), 27 (9.3%) and 9 (2.8%) respectively. Nutritional status was significantly related with gender, age and grade of adolescents with p-value <0.05. Response showed that 199 (68.6%) adolescents prefer canteen food during break time, and 66 (22.8%) give preference to homemade lunch. Few of them 25 (8.6%) take fruits in school break time. About (24.8%) took drink with lunch which were juices 30 (10.3%), milk/milk shake 14 (5.9%), carbonated drinks 6 (2.1%), and tea/coffee 13 (4.5%). Consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products was found as 64 (22.1%), 26 (0.9%), 32 (11%), 4 (1.4%) and 1 (0.3%) respectively in adolescents who brought their lunch from home. Around 49% of students were not satisfied with food provided on their school canteens. Availability of food items on school canteens and overall eating pattern of adolescents is not satisfactory. There is a need of school canteen guidelines/policy and nutritional education to canteen staff and pupils.
Keywords: School Canteen, Pakistan, Eating Habits, Adolescents
Effectiveness of a group-based tutorial direct instruction program with a Canadian-Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal sample of children in care
Children in foster care are frequently behind in educational achievement (Flynn, Ghzal, Legault, Vandermeulen, & Petrick, 2004) and perform below grade level (Trout, Hagaman, Casey, Reid, & Epstein, 2008 for a review). Vacca (2008) found that children in foster care perform seven to eight percentile points lower in achievement test scores when compared to children in the general population. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a direct instruction literacy and math program ("Teach Your Children Well"; TYCW) in a small group format to educationally disadvantaged children in foster care. Across the two years of the study, 101 children in long-term foster care, 78.2% of which were Aboriginal Canadian, between grades 1 and 8 inclusive, participated in this randomized control trial intervention. Half were randomly assigned to the 30- week experimental TYCW condition, while the other half served as waitlist controls. Children were assessed at baseline and post-intervention on word reading, spelling, sentence comprehension, and mathematic skills using an academic measure of functioning, the Wide Range Achievement Test Forth Edition (WRAT4). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in standard scores on reading decoding, spelling and mathematic skills for those who received the tutoring. Meaningful effect sizes (small to moderate range) were also found in support of the tutoring intervention across these three domains. Furthermore, the results also indicated that condition predicted improvements in word reading for those with elevated levels of school instability, and a trend towards those with high inattention symptoms, as measured by the Conners' ADHD/DSM-IV Scales (CADS). The implications of these findings as they relate to improving educational achievement among foster children are discussed.
Spotting and Supporting Eating Disorders in School - Recommendations from Sch...Pooky Knightsmith
Eating disorders have a high rate of onset in school-aged children. School staff are in an excellent position to spot the early warning signs and offer support during recovery. This paper explores the findings from focus groups conducted with 63 members of staff from 29 UK schools with the aims of (a) understanding whether they are in a good position to support students with eating disorders and (b) to generate recommendations regarding school staff’s training needs for spotting and supporting eating disorders. Participants took part in semi-structured focus groups. These were transcribed and analysed using content analysis principles. Five key themes emerged: 1. Many staff don’t have a basic understanding of eating disorders; 2. Eating disorders are taboo in the staffroom; 3. Staff don’t feel comfortable talking to students about eating disorders; 4. Support is needed to ensure the teacher-parent relationship is a positive one; 5. School staff would welcome practical ideas for how they can best support students during the recovery period. The findings show that school staff currently feel ill-equipped to support students with eating disorders and endorse a need for focused training for school staff to better enable them to support students with eating disorders.
Running head CHILDHOOD OBESITY 1CHILDHOOD OBESITY 7.docxsusanschei
Running head: CHILDHOOD OBESITY 1
CHILDHOOD OBESITY 7
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Summary of the Study
The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of school-based programs in treating and managing overweight and obesity among children. Childhood obesity is increasingly becoming both national and global public health concern that has resulted in increased childhood morbidity and mortality. In particular, childhood obesity has catapulted the increase in health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, as well as osteoarthritis later in adulthood (Mahmood et al. 2014). Schools can provide one of the most effective channels through which childhood obesity interventions can be directed. In this respect, policies, procedures, and guidelines have been passed in many nations and states for the implementation of school-based interventions. In the United States, many studies have recommended the utilization of school-based obesity management programs to address the unending crisis of childhood obesity. In light of this concern, this study seeks to investigate the efficacy of school-based interventions in treating and managing childhood obesity. In particular, the study will also assess school methodologies such as incorporation of obesity education into the routine curriculum in minimizing the constantly-increasing cases of obese children population.
Method of Study
The study is also going to use qualitative design in order to examine the perception of children towards school-based obesity management initiatives. Previous studies conducted by Clarke et al. (2015) also sought to investigate the experiences and views of kids who went through school-based obesity management programs. This can help to improve knowledge and understanding of better ways to address the problem of childhood obesity within school settings. In order to provide a comprehensive finding that guides future clinical decision-making, the study will evaluate efficacy of school-based interventions with respect to many key areas. They include cost efficiency of school-based interventions, improvements in physical activities and healthy eating habits following interventions, as well as level of awareness among children on the dangers of childhood obesity and the ways in which it can be averted. Furthermore, effectiveness will be investigated through evaluation of body weight and BMI before and after the introductions of these interventions (Mahmood et al. 2014). Most significantly, cardiovascular fitness and other outcome measures will be investigated. The target population and participants of the study will mainly be school-going children. Both boys and girls with an average age of between 8 and 16 years will be incorporated into the study.
Schools vary in the ways in which they utilize such interventions. For instance, some schools utilize planet health programs that incorpo ...
Running head LITERATURE REVIEW 1LITERATURE REVIEW 5.docxcowinhelen
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
LITERATURE REVIEW 5
Literature Review
Name:
Institution:
Literature Review (Childhood Obesity)
Childhood Obesity describes attainments of weight beyond the normal body mass index ration leading to the vulnerability in lines. In the study, the use of article will facilitate the process. As noted, the researcher of the material sought to evaluate the factors that contribute to obesity in children. Their study focused on dieting and physical exercise as the primary factors that contribute to obesity. The researchers commenced the process by identifying the research question, proceeded with instruments then selected the design before engaging the target population to validate the research hypothesis. The target group for the study comprised of children aged below 12 years. They included children from a different racial background. Both boys and girls featured in the study. The researcher hypothesized the cause of obesity with the motive of encouraging the adaptation of intervention programs. The study prioritized preventive measures with the intent of decreasing cases of obesity in children in less than six months.
The literature for study includes article 1, 2, 3 and 4. Article 5, 6, 7 and 8 also featured in the study. The research sought to evaluate the prevailing trends concerning the wellness of the children using a collection of questions. The first article by Bleich, Segal, Wu, and Wilson& Wang sought to evaluate the role of community-based prevention. The second article by Tester et al examined the characteristics of the condition in children aged between 2 and 5. The third article by Cunningham, Kramer, & Narayan quantified the prevalence of the condition. Arthur, Scharf, and DeBoer’s fourth sought to evaluate the role of food insecurity in the contraction of obesity. The fifth and sixth Fetter et al and Lydecke, Riley, & Grilo examined the role of physical activity and parenting subsequently. The exploration of the implication of the limitation of the dietary behavior of the micro levels of the condition and parents understanding on the condition featured in the seventh and eight articles composed by Marcum, et al, and Vollmer respectively.
The sample population for the study in the first article comprised of the young population in homes school and care setting. The second article engaged children aged between 2 and 5 years. The third article engaged 7738 participants comprising of learners in kindergarten. The group in the early childhood stage featured in the fourth article as the sample population for the study seeking to investigate cases of obesity. The sample differed from the group engaged in the fifth and sixth article. The category interviewed comprised of the parents of the youth and pre-adolescents, the seventh and eight articles engaged the mothers of the children and the fathers averaging 35 years of white origin.
The limitation of the first article is that the resear ...
Adolescence is the most vulnerable period to reproductive health problems.
These problems include early pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually
infections transmitted (STIs) including the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), sexual abuse. Access for sexuality education and reproductive health
services to comprehensive and youth-friendly was limited. This study aims
to determine the effectiveness of peer educators and guidance and
counselling teachers in adolescent reproductive health level of knowledge.
This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control
group design with treatment groups using peer educators and teacher as
control groups. The sample size was 70 respondents. Data was collected by
questionnaire that already had validity and reliability test. Data analysis used
univariate, t-test and logistic regression. The results of this study showed
that the provision of information was more effective through guidance
conselling teachers (p=0.000, exp B=14.5). This study recommends that
improve adolescents’ reproductive knowledge need to optimize the role of
guidance and counseling teachers in providing information.
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3. Background
During 2005, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity
was 10.6% in high-income countries and 5.2% in low-income
countries [1-3]
Lack of physical activity, spending time on sedentary activities, low
parental education, and family history of obesity are risk factors
for childhood overweight and obesity [4-9]
Childhood obesity is a risk factor for several chronic diseases
[10,11]
Nearly 40% of under 5 children are suffering from malnutrition in
Bangladesh [12]
Identifying risk factors associated with overweight and obesity
would help to develop appropriate interventions to reduce the
future burden.
4. Objective
To identify the risk factors associated with
overweight and obesity among school children
and adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh
5. Methods
Study Sites:
• This study was conducted in seven schools located in
Dhanmondi, Mohammadpur and Siddeswari area in Dhaka,
during October through November 2007.
• These schools was selected based on three criteria : large
number of students, having reputation for better education
facility and availability of play-ground within school premises.
Study design and study participants:
• The study was designed as case-control study with cases
being overweight children and controls being healthy/normal
weight children.
• The study participants were students of age 10-15 years
corresponding to class 5 to class 10 in the selected schools.
6. Methods
Sample Size Estimation:
• EPI Info version 3.3 was used to calculate sample size for
this study.
• Considering 80% power, 95% confidence level and case-control
ratio 1:1, it was calculated that 240 participants were required
to detect at least 2 odds ratio differences between cases and
controls.
Case-control Identification:
• Purposive sampling method was used to select the cases and
controls.
• Research assistants used standard procedures of
anthropometry to select participant as case or control.
7. Methods
Data collection:
• Structured questionnaire to collect demographic information and
information on exposures of interest was used
• Communication over the phone with parents of each participant
was done
Data analysis:
• Descriptive statistics to determine the distribution of
demographic information
• Mean for continuous data
Ethical considerations:
• Verbal informed consent to enroll students from the principals of
respective schools
• Ethical clearance from BRAC University for conducting this study.
8. Results
Respondents’ profile:
The participants were selected from class 5 to class 10 in order
to tally with specific age groups.
The mean age of study respondents was 13.1 years . Of 198
respondents, 107 (54%) were male.
The mean birth weight of respondents was 3.1 kilogram .
The average sleeping time was 7.5 hours and was similar across
two groups.
The median sedentary activities per day of all participants was
4 hours .
Eighty-five (44%) of 198 respondents had at least one
overweight parent.
One hundred twenty-four (62%) mothers reported to complete
graduation degree or more .
9. Results
Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity:
Children who had at least one overweight parent were nearly
three times more likely to be overweight or obese (OR = 2.8;
95% CI) compared to children whose parents were not
overweight
Children who spent > 4 hours on sedentary activities each day
were two times more likely to be overweight or obese than
children who spent less time on sedentary activities (OR = 2.0,
95% CI: 1.1– 3.7)
Children who spent ≥ 30 minutes each day with outdoor
games at home that involved physical exercise had
decreased odds (OR = 0.38 , 95 % CI ) of being
overweight or obese compared to children who did not
exercise at home.
10. Discussion
The findings of this study are consistent with previous
studies from high and middle-income countries [4-6,9].
Having at least one overweight parent increased the
likelihood of a child being overweight [4,13]
Children who spent greater time in physical activities like
outdoor games were less at risk for being overweight or
obese [5,9]
It was also identified that physical activity in school was
not associated with being overweight or obese
Technological advances have probably contributed to
adopt a lifestyle that involves to less physical activity and
more sedentary activity [7]
11. Limitations
The relatively short duration for data collection
Lower sample size likely had little impact on our
assessment
We did not use any previously validated physical activity
questionnaire to measure physical activity of study
participants
The cases were selected by teacher’s visual assessment
The risk factors that we identified may not be
representative of every urban city in Bangladesh
12. Conclusions
Several risk factors are associated with overweight and
obesity among urban school children such as
having overweight parent
limited physical exercise at home and
high levels of sedentary activities
Public health programs are warranted to increase
awareness on these risk factors among children and
adolescents
Schools should set priority targets because it offers great
opportunity for prevention
13. References
1. de Onis M, Blossner M, Borghi E: Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among
preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 92:1257–1264.
2. Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R: Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. Obes
Rev 2004, 5(Suppl 1):4–104.
3. Wang Y, Lobstein T: Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. Int J Pediatric
Obesity 2006, 1:11 –25.
4. Giugliano R, Carneiro EC: Factors associated with obesity in school children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2004,
80:17–22.
5. Mozaffari H, Nabaei B: Obesity and Related Risk Factor. Indian J Pediatr 2007, 74:265–267.
6. Salmon J, Campbell KJ, Crawford DA: Television viewing habits associated with obesity risk
factors: a survey of Melbourne school children. MJA 2006, 184:64–67.
7. Singh AK, Maheshwari A, Sharma N, Anand K: Lifestyle associated risk factors in adolescents.
Indian J Pediatr 2006, 73:901 –906.
8. Singh M, Sharma M: Risk factors for obesity in children. Indian Pediatr 2005, 42:183–184.
9. Veugelers PJ, Fitzgerald AL: Prevalence of and risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity.
CMAJ 2005, 173:607–613
10. Aronne LJ: Classification of obesity and assessment of obesity-related health risks. Obes Res 2002,
10(Suppl 2):105S–115S.
11. Dietz WH: Overweight in childhood and adolescence. N Engl J Med 2004, 350:855–857.
12. Ahmed T, Ahmed AMS: Reducing the burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh. BMJ 2009, 339:b449
13. Gibson LY, Byrne SM, Davis EA, Blair E, Jacoby P, Zubrick SR: The role of family and maternal
factors in childhood obesity. MJA 2007, 186:591 –595