This document discusses sequential logic circuits and flip-flops. It begins by defining sequential logic and differentiating it from combinational logic. It then describes flip-flops as the basic building blocks of sequential logic that provide memory. It identifies four common types of flip-flops - SR, JK, D and T - and describes their operation, truth tables and implementation using logic gates. The document provides details on each type of flip-flop to help understand their functionality and applications in sequential logic circuits.

1. 2.3 Build sequential
logic circuit
Combinational logic circuit
Sequential logic circuit
Flip-flop
Build flip-flop using logic gates
1

2. Objectives:
•
1 Define sequential logic circuit.
•
2 Differentiate between combinational logic circuit and
sequential logic circuit.
•
3 Describe flip - flop.
•
4 Identify various types of flip-flops.
•
5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip – flop using logic gates.
•
6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip
– flop.
2

3. Sequential & Combinational
logic circuit
1 Define sequential logic circuit.
2 Differentiate between combinational logic circuit and
sequential logic circuit.
3

4. Difference between
Combinational & Sequential logic circuit
Combinational Logic Circuits
Basic building
blocks include:
Sequential Logic Circuits
Basic building blocks
include FLIP-FLOPS:
4

5. Sequential S
C
Q
logic circuit R Q'
• Sequential logic is the type of digital system
that does not only depend on current input, but
also the previous history of the system.
• For that reason sequential logic requires
memory elements to function.
• The building blocks used to construct devices
that store data are called flip-flops.
5

6. Sequential logic circuit
Sequential circuit have loops
– these enable curcuits to receive feedback 6

7. Combinational
logic circuit
• Combinational logic is an interconnection of
logic gates to generate a specificities logic
function where the inputs result in an
immediate output, having no memory or
storage capabilities.
• There are function only based on their
inputs, and NOT based on clocks.
7

8. Combinational logic circuit
Combinational circuit is combination
of various logic gates 8

9. Flip-Flop
3 Describe flip - flop.
9

10. Flip-Flop
• "Flip-flop" is the common name given to two-state
devices which offer basic memory for sequential
logic operations.
• Flip-flops are heavily used for digital data storage and
transfer and are commonly used in banks called
"registers" for the storage of binary numerical
data.
10

11. Flip-Flop
• Flip-flop are basic storage/memory elements.
• Flip-flop are essentially 1-bit storage devices.
• Types of flip-flops are:
• 1. SR Flip-flop
• 2. JK Flip-flop
• 3. D Flip-flop
• 4. T Flip-flop
• Application of flip-flop:
• 1. Counter 4. Logic controller
• 2. Register 5. Frequency Divider
• 3. Memory
11

12. SR Flip-Flop
4 Identify various types of flip-flops.
5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip – flop using logic gates.
6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip
– flop.
12

13. SR Flip-Flop S Q
R Q'
• The simplest binary storage device.
• SR Flip-flop have 2 inputs (SET & RESET) and 2
outputs (Q & Q’).
NOTE: Q & Q’ are compliments of each other
• The SR flip flop is sometimes referred to as an SR
latch. The Term latch refers to its use as a
temporary memory storage device.
13

14. SR Flip-Flop
Symbol:
SR Flip-flop (Active HIGH) SR Flip-flop (Active HIGH)
NOR gate Symbol
14

15. SR Flip-Flop
Symbol:
SR Flip-flop (Active LOW) SR Flip-flop (Active LOW)
NAND gate Symbol
15

16. SR Flip-Flop
Truth Table:
S R Q Q'
No change. Latch S Q
0 0 NC NC
remained in present state.
1 0 1 0 Latch SET. R Q'
0 1 0 1 Latch RESET.
SR Flip-flop
1 1 0 0 Invalid condition. (Active HIGH)
S' R' Q Q'
No change. Latch S Q
1 1 NC NC
remained in present state.
0 1 1 0 Latch SET. R Q'
1 0 0 1 Latch RESET.
SR Flip-flop
0 0 1 1 Invalid condition.
(Active LOW)
16

17. SR Flip-Flop
Timing Diagram:
17

18. IQ Test!
What is the mode of operation of the SR flip-flop (set, reset or hold)?
What is the output at Q from the SR flip-flop (active LOW inputs)?
L
?
High
H
Mode of operation = Set
?
H
?
High
H
Mode of operation = Hold
?
H
?
Low
L
Mode of operation = ?
Reset 18

19. Clock
SR Flip-Flop
4 Identify various types of flip-flops.
5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip – flop using logic gates.
6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip
– flop.
19

20. Clock
• Flip-flops: synchronous bistable devices
• Output changes state at a specified point on a
triggering input called the clock.
• Change state either at the positive edge (rising edge) or
at the negative edge (falling edge) of the clock signal.
Clock signal
Positive Negative edges
edges
20

21. Clock
SR Flip-Flop
• The Clocked SR Flip Flop like SR flip-flop but with
extra third input of a standard clock pulse.
• The output of Q and NOT Q will not change
(despite making changes to the inputs Set & Reset)
in a Clocked RS Flip-flop Until receiving a signal
from the clock.
21

22. Clock SR Flip-Flop
Symbol:
Clock SR Flip-flop (+ve EDGE) Clock SR Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)
Combination gate Symbol
22

23. S
Q
Pulse
CLK transition
detector
Q'
R
CLK' CLK'
CLK CLK* CLK CLK*
CLK CLK
CLK' CLK'
CLK* CLK*
Positive-going transition Negative-going transition
(rising edge) (falling edge)
23

24. Clock SR Flip-Flop
Truth Table:
• S-R flip-flop: on the triggering edge of the clock pulse,
• S=HIGH and R=LOW is a SET state
• R=HIGH (and S=LOW) is a RESET state
• If both SR inputs LOW a NO change
• If both SR inputs HIGH a INVALID
• Truth table of positive edge-triggered S-R flip-flop:
S R CLK Q(t+1) Comments
X = irrelevant (“don’t care”)
0 0 X Q(t) No change  = clock transition LOW to HIGH
0 1  0 Reset
1 0  1 Set
1 1  ? Invalid
24

25. Clock SR Flip-Flop
Timing Diagram:
How if we add clock as input?
Please draw the output waveform for me
(Positive edge triggered)
25

26. D Flip-Flop
4 Identify various types of flip-flops.
5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip – flop using logic gates.
6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip
– flop.
26

27. D Flip-Flop D Q
Truth Table:
C
Q'
• D flip-flop: single input D (data)
• D=HIGH a SET state
• D=LOW a RESET state
• Q follows D at the clock edge.
• D flip-flop formed by add NOT gate between SR input.
D S Q D CLK Q(t+1) Comments
CLK C 1  1 Set
R Q' 0  0 Reset
 = clock transition LOW to HIGH
27

28. D Flip-Flop
Symbol:
D
Q
CLK
Q'
D Flip-flop (+ve EDGE) D Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)
Combination gate Symbol
28

29. D Flip-Flop
Timing Diagram:
CLK
CLK CLK
CLK
Q
Q’
29

30. JK Flip-Flop
4 Identify various types of flip-flops.
5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip – flop using logic gates.
6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip
– flop.
30

31. JK Flip-Flop J
C
Q
K Q'
• J-K flip-flop: Q and Q' are feedback to the pulse-
steering NAND gates.
• No invalid state.
• Include a toggle state.
• J=HIGH (and K=LOW) a SET state
• K=HIGH (and J=LOW) a RESET state
• If both inputs LOW a NO change
• If both inputs HIGH a Toggle
31

32. JK Flip-Flop
Symbol:
J
Q
CLK
Q'
K
JK Flip-flop (+ve EDGE) JK Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)
Combination gate Symbol
32

33. JK Flip-Flop
Truth Table:
J K CLK Q(t+1) Comments
0 0  Q(t) No change
0 1  0 Reset
1 0  1 Set
1 1  Q(t)' Toggle
33

34. JK Flip-Flop
Application: Frequency Division
High High High
J J QA J QB
Q
CLK C CLK C C
K K K
CLK CLK
Q QA
QB
Divide clock frequency by 2. Divide clock frequency by 4.
34

35. JK Flip-Flop
Timing Diagram:
Similar to S-R flip-flop but toggles when J = K = 1
35

36. T Flip-Flop
4 Identify various types of flip-flops.
5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip – flop using logic gates.
6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip
– flop.
36

37. T Flip-Flop T J Q
Truth Table:
CLK C
K Q'
• T flip-flop: single-input version of the J-K flip
flop, formed by tying both inputs together.
T T CLK Q(t+1) Comments
Q
0  Q(t) No change
CLK 1  Q(t)' Toggle
Q'
37