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Earth’s Interior and
                                      Plate Tectonics
             Earth’s
            Interior                                                             Weathering
                                                                   Physical
           and Plate                                                             and Erosion
                                Evidence                          Weatherin
           Tectonics            for Plate                             g
What is
 Earth’s                        Tectonics
                                                                         Chemical
Interior                                                                 Weatherin
  like                       Transform                                      g            Erosion
                                Fault
                             Boundaries
                                                 Earthquake
    Plate
                       Convergent
                                                                      Minerals
  Tectonics                                         s and
                         Plate                                       and Rocks
                       Boundaries
                                                  Volcanoes
               Divergent                                                         How old
                 Plate                                              Structure    are Rocks
                                          What are     Volcanoe
              Coundaries                                               and
                                          Earthqua         s
                                                                    Origin of
                                                                      Rocks
2011 Japan Earthquake
• http://www.youtube.com     • http://www.youtube.com
  /watch?v=iQfdl7y-blE         /watch?v=nLUmQrKOyuk
• http://www.youtube.com       &feature=related
  /watch?v=zfxlzyOXlic&fea   • http://www.youtube.com
  ture=related                 /watch?v=1ikus_TEaGI&fe
• http://www.youtube.com       ature=related
  /watch?v=TRDpTEjumdo       • http://www.youtube.com
  &feature=related             /watch?v=OdhfV-
• http://www.youtube.com       8dbCE&feature=related
  /watch?v=4GFLqsUexZ0       • http://www.youtube.com
• http://www.youtube.com       /watch?v=w3AdFjklR50&f
  /watch?v=NW7vENdDu1o         eature=relmfu
P waves
P waves
A 1976 earthquake near Guatemala City shattered this bridge in Agua Caliente,
cutting off the city’s main supply route to the Atlantic. The 7.5-magnitude quake
killed more than 23,000 people and left thousands more injured and homeless.
A crane and several construction vehicles lay toppled on a fractured road in
Kobe, Japan, after a 7.2-magnitude temblor shook the quake-prone country.
The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster of 1995 was one of the worst in Japan’s
history, killing 6,433 people and causing more than $100 billion in damages.
The San Andreas Fault
scars Southern
California’s Carrizo
Plain like a battle
wound. The 800-mile
(1,300-kilometer)
fault runs through
western and southern
California, dividing
the Pacific and North
American plates.
Workers position support beams to steady tilting homes in San Francisco's
Marina District after a disastrous earthquake hit the city in 1989. The 7.1-
magnitude earthquake buckled highways and bridges, crushed cars, and toppled
homes and buildings throughout the city.
The Izmith, Turkey Temblor
The Izmith, Turkey
Temblor
The Izmith, Turkey
          Temblor
The Izmith, Turkey Temblor
The Izmith, Turkey Temblor
Bagiou City, Philippines
Bagiou City, Philippines
Bagiou City, Philippines
Bagiou City, Philippines
17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Vocabulary
• Focus
• Epicenter
• P waves
• S waves
• Surface waves
• Seismology
• Richter scale
• vent
17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
• Read: “Energy from
  earthquakes is
  transferred through
  Earth by waves” (p568-
  569)
• Write on your cornell
  notes information on:
   – Longitudinal waves
   – Primary waves
   – Transverse waves
   – Secondary Waves
Mayon Volcano, Philippines
Mayon Volcano, Philippines
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines




Mt. Pinatubo Crater Lake
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines




Mt. Pinatubo Crater Lake
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines




Mt. Pinatubo Days Before Eruption
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines




Mt. Pinatubo: First Eruption
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines




3 Minutes after first Eruption
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines




5 Minutes after first Eruption
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines




Mt. Pinatubo: 7 minutes after
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines




Mt. Pinatubo: 10 minutes after
• How volcanoes are
  formed
  http://www.youtube.co
  m/watch?v=ANeH9W-
  HMPc&feature=related
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Vocabulary
• Focus – the area along a fault at which slippage first
  occurs, initiating an earthquake.
• Epicenter – the point on Earth’s surface directly above
  the focus.
• P waves – primary waves; the longitudinal waves
  generated by an earthquake
17.2 Kind of Volcanoes
 • Shield Volcano              Magma rich in iron and
                                 magnesium
                               Very fluid
                               Lava flows great distances




Eruption mild
Eruption occur several times
Lava produces gently sloping
  mountain
17.2 Kinds of Volcanoes
• Composite Volcano

Made up of alternating layers
 of ash, cinders and lava
Magma is thicker
Gases are trapped in the
  magma making explosive
  eruptions
Typically thousand meters
  high
Steeper cones than shield
  volcanoes
17.2 Kinds of Volcanoes
• Cinder Cone
Smallest and most abundant
  volcanoes
Tend to be active for a short
  time then become dormant

                                Vast quantities of ash and
                                  lava fall around vent that
                                  form the cone
                                Gas-trapped magma –
                                  explosive eruption
17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
• Kinds of Volcanoes
2.2a  earthquakes and volcanoes introduction

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2.2a earthquakes and volcanoes introduction

  • 1. Earth’s Interior and Plate Tectonics Earth’s Interior Weathering Physical and Plate and Erosion Evidence Weatherin Tectonics for Plate g What is Earth’s Tectonics Chemical Interior Weatherin like Transform g Erosion Fault Boundaries Earthquake Plate Convergent Minerals Tectonics s and Plate and Rocks Boundaries Volcanoes Divergent How old Plate Structure are Rocks What are Volcanoe Coundaries and Earthqua s Origin of Rocks
  • 2. 2011 Japan Earthquake • http://www.youtube.com • http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=iQfdl7y-blE /watch?v=nLUmQrKOyuk • http://www.youtube.com &feature=related /watch?v=zfxlzyOXlic&fea • http://www.youtube.com ture=related /watch?v=1ikus_TEaGI&fe • http://www.youtube.com ature=related /watch?v=TRDpTEjumdo • http://www.youtube.com &feature=related /watch?v=OdhfV- • http://www.youtube.com 8dbCE&feature=related /watch?v=4GFLqsUexZ0 • http://www.youtube.com • http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=w3AdFjklR50&f /watch?v=NW7vENdDu1o eature=relmfu
  • 5. A 1976 earthquake near Guatemala City shattered this bridge in Agua Caliente, cutting off the city’s main supply route to the Atlantic. The 7.5-magnitude quake killed more than 23,000 people and left thousands more injured and homeless.
  • 6. A crane and several construction vehicles lay toppled on a fractured road in Kobe, Japan, after a 7.2-magnitude temblor shook the quake-prone country. The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster of 1995 was one of the worst in Japan’s history, killing 6,433 people and causing more than $100 billion in damages.
  • 7. The San Andreas Fault scars Southern California’s Carrizo Plain like a battle wound. The 800-mile (1,300-kilometer) fault runs through western and southern California, dividing the Pacific and North American plates.
  • 8. Workers position support beams to steady tilting homes in San Francisco's Marina District after a disastrous earthquake hit the city in 1989. The 7.1- magnitude earthquake buckled highways and bridges, crushed cars, and toppled homes and buildings throughout the city.
  • 18. 17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Vocabulary • Focus • Epicenter • P waves • S waves • Surface waves • Seismology • Richter scale • vent
  • 19. 17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes • Read: “Energy from earthquakes is transferred through Earth by waves” (p568- 569) • Write on your cornell notes information on: – Longitudinal waves – Primary waves – Transverse waves – Secondary Waves
  • 22. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines Mt. Pinatubo Crater Lake
  • 23. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines Mt. Pinatubo Crater Lake
  • 24. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines Mt. Pinatubo Days Before Eruption
  • 25. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines Mt. Pinatubo: First Eruption
  • 26. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines 3 Minutes after first Eruption
  • 27. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines 5 Minutes after first Eruption
  • 28. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines Mt. Pinatubo: 7 minutes after
  • 29. Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines Mt. Pinatubo: 10 minutes after
  • 30. • How volcanoes are formed http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=ANeH9W- HMPc&feature=related
  • 31. Earthquakes and Volcanoes Vocabulary • Focus – the area along a fault at which slippage first occurs, initiating an earthquake. • Epicenter – the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus. • P waves – primary waves; the longitudinal waves generated by an earthquake
  • 32. 17.2 Kind of Volcanoes • Shield Volcano Magma rich in iron and magnesium Very fluid Lava flows great distances Eruption mild Eruption occur several times Lava produces gently sloping mountain
  • 33. 17.2 Kinds of Volcanoes • Composite Volcano Made up of alternating layers of ash, cinders and lava Magma is thicker Gases are trapped in the magma making explosive eruptions Typically thousand meters high Steeper cones than shield volcanoes
  • 34. 17.2 Kinds of Volcanoes • Cinder Cone Smallest and most abundant volcanoes Tend to be active for a short time then become dormant Vast quantities of ash and lava fall around vent that form the cone Gas-trapped magma – explosive eruption
  • 35. 17.2 Earthquakes and Volcanoes • Kinds of Volcanoes