The Earth is composed of four main layers from outermost to innermost: 1) The crust, which is the top solid rocky layer ranging from 5-70km thick. 2) The mantle, which makes up over 80% of the Earth's volume and is divided into the upper, middle, and lower mantle. 3) The outer core, which is liquid due to extreme heat and composed of nickel and iron. 4) The inner core, the hottest layer that is solid due to immense pressure from the layers above.

1. Layers of the Earth
2.1c

2. Layers of the Earth
Crust
• Made up of Rocks/Minerals Upper Mantle called
• 5 - 70 KM thick Lithosphere Mantle
• Solid. As rocks and minerals Middle Mantle called • Varied Minerals
grew cold, they solidify. Asthenosphere • 2,900 KM thick
Lower Mantle called • Mesosphere is liquid
Mesosphere • Asthenosphere is pyro-plastic
Outer Core • Lithosphere is solid
• Made up of Nickel and Iron
• 2,220 KM thick
• Liquid. Due to the heat of the
inner core, Iron and Nickel
melts and remain liquid. Inner Core
• Made up of Nickel and Iron
• 1,228 KM thick
• Solid due to high pressure
from the weight of the upper
layers. The hottest layer.

3. Green
Blue
Dark Brown Light Brown
Red
Dark Orange
Light Orange
Yellow

4. Lowest Fold
Inner Core
Inner Core • Inner Core is
Composition solid due to
great pressure
from the weight
Thickness of the upper
layer.
• It is extremely
State of Matter hot at more than
6,000° C or
10,800 ° F
Color it Yellow

5. 2nd Fold
Outer Core
Outer Core • Outer Core is
Composition liquid due to
great heat.
• Pressure is not
Thickness great enough to
compress it
solid.
State of Matter • It is extremely
hot at more than
1,250° C or
2,280 ° F
Color it Orange

6. 3rd Fold
Upper Mantle
Lithosphere
Convection Currents
Mantle Asthenosphere
Composition Middle Mantle
Lower Mantle Mesosphere
Thickness
• Lower Mantle is liquid
State of Matter • Middle Mantle is pyro-plastic and boiling like
Lower – liquid spaghetti sauce.
Middle – pyro plastic • Upper Mantle is cooled off by the atmosphere
Upper - Solid outside and is solid.
Color Lower Mantle Red-Orange
Color Middle Mantle Red
Color Upper Mantle Light Brown

7. Top Fold
Continent
Crust Ocean
Composition
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Thickness
• Continental crust is thick because it consists of
State of Matter mountains and plains.
• Oceanic crusts are thinner because they are
under the heavy pressure of the ocean that
compresses it.
Color it as follows:
1. Continental Crust - Light Brown, 2, Oceanic Crust – Dark Brown,
3. Continent – Green and 4. Ocean - Blue