21st Century Water Testing
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This document provides an overview and comparison of various equipment used for testing water quality in the aquarium industry. It discusses different methods for measuring parameters like temperature, salt levels, pH, hardness, nitrogen compounds, and phosphates. It also outlines techniques for detecting trace chemicals including electrochemistry, spectrophotometry, and chromatography. Finally, it compares features of simple test kits, portable meters, lab instruments, and smartphone-connected systems for managing test data.
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21st Century Water Testing
- 1. A Comparative Look at Testing Equipment for the Water Quality Industry Christian Krzykwa Technical Product Manager ckrzykwa@sensafe.com
- 6. *Most thermometers use electrical resistance to detect temperature change
- 7. *In marine aquaria refractometry is the most practical method of detecting high salt levels
- 8. *pH is the a measure of acid (H+ ) and base (OH- ) compounds in water *pH ranged from 1-14 and pure water has a pH of 7 *It can be measured by a number of different methodologies
- 9. *Total Hardness measures measures cations like Ca2+ and Mg2+ *Carbonate Hardness measures anions
- 10. *Testing for these three components of the nitrogen cycle are key in healthy marine aquariums *Ammonia and Nitrite are toxic at high concentrations
- 11. *Phosphate plays an important role in the health of reef aquariums *No phosphate inhibits coral growth while too much promotes algae
- 15. *There are hundreds of ways to detect trace chemicals in water *Electrochemistry *Spectrophotometry *Spectroscopy *Chromatography *Refractometry *Polarimetry *Microscopy
- 18. *The simplest form of testing uses similar chemistry to digital photometer testing *Requires user to estimate based on color development
- 19. *Test can come with powder or liquid reagents *Some manufacturers simplify the process with reagent strips
- 22. *Small and inexpensive *Takes liquid and powder reagents *Not very versatile, each meter test one parameter
- 23. *Expensive and immobile *Often give the most accurate results *Models with wavelength selection are most versatile *Require powder and liquid reagents
- 24. *More versatile, capable of running multiple test parameters *ITS patented reagent strip delivery system with photometer is fastest method
- 28. * Save, Send, Share data * Add notes * Export via CSV/Excel * Customize and only download the tests you need * Flexible to the user/application
- 29. *Smartphones equipped with Bluetooth SMART 4.0 and later can manage data wirelessly *eXact meters are smart phone compatible for data management
- 30. From whole team at Industrial Test Systems!
- 31. Christian Krzykwa Technical Product Manager Industrial Test Systems ckrzykwa@sensafe.com
Editor's Notes
- Introduce your self, name, job title at Industrial Test Systems; we are a leading manufacturer of water quality testing products based out of Rock Hill SC. I’m here to discuss what products are currently on the market for testing water in marine aquariums.
- I’m going to give you a brief rundown on the history of marine aquariums both in the scientific community and as a hobby, then well get into the different parameters and characteristics specific to Marine environments that you will want to test for and finally Ill let you know what the different options are to test these different parameters.
- Marine aquariums were first constructed for scientific research in the late 19th century, by the 1900 enthusiasts all over the world began collecting rare fish. At this point keeping anything alive in a tank would have required quite a bit of money and luck. Reef aquariums became much more popular toward the end of the 20th century as the equipment became more available. However, the hobby was still limited to those who had access to a source of sea water. With the advent of artificial sea water, chemistry became a crucial part of maintaing a healthy marine environment.
- With that the modern Marine aquarium was born. As a part of many of these systems we have sophisticated technology for monitoring temperature. In addition to keeping a stable temperature it is essential that one regularly monitors each of these parameter in order to have a healthy tank.
- Temperature is among the most important parameters in an aquarium. This is why most aquariums are equipped with various temperature control devices. Modern thermometers use electrical resistance to detect temperature. This technology has been around for quite a while and it is cost effective and accurate .
- Salt levels in marine aquariums are so high that they require specialized equipment as well. Fish are able to adjust to a certain degree to what ever your salinity may be as long as it is stable, regular checks are necessary.
- pH is very important as it reflects the balance of various other chemical in your water. An unbalanced pH can indicate other serious issues
- If you are just getting into water testing concept of Hardness and alkalinity is extremely important. The carbonate hardness is proportional to the alkalinity, the alkalinity is crucial in maintain pH. The calcium and magnesium hardness are in a way bi-products of this interaction and provide important minerals to sea life. ----- Meeting Notes (9/2/15 11:31) ----- units of
- How many chemists or chemistry majors do I have in the room? It can all be a little overwhelming
- Our research and development team uses analytical chemistry techniques such as limit of detection, dynamic range, and selectivity to consider all of the different methods available. Compare ICP-MS to a test strip
- In the past 100 years chemistry has changed vastly, technology exists that detect compounds at ultra low concentrations. Chemists utilize extremely expensive technologies such as UPLC for trace detection. Companies like ITS similarly use new chemistries and techniques while simultaneously making them accessible to the end user. So how do we choose which method is the best? ----- Meeting Notes (9/2/15 11:31) ----- this is what your lab would do
- for detection of trace element, that is anything in the parts per million range or lower colorimetric detection is the industry standard. It utilizes the specific compounds ability to react and form colors which are detectable by the human eye or by digital devices.
- Quick & easy Inexpensive Suitable for screening Relatively good shelf life Only one test strip approved for drinking water testing
- Quick & easy Inexpensive Suitable for screening Relatively good shelf life Only one test strip approved for drinking water testing
- Liquid Reagent System • Liquids offer low cost option • Drops are counted as they are added to sample • Liquid reagents are more susceptible to damage from heat • Often require several liquids to accomplish the testing for a parameter • MSDS required 18. 18 Tablet Reagent System • Reagent tablets are sealed in foils for single use • Tablets typically have better stability than liquids • Tablet crusher is used to crush tablets in cell • Not suitable for cold water testing due to suspended solids • MSDS required 19. 19 Powder Reagent System • Powder reagents are supplied in small sachets (pillows) or dispensers • It is important that all the powder is transferred or test results are affected • Some powders are hydroscopic and clump • Powder dissolve is affected by cold water • MSDS required 20. 20 Reagent Strip System • Reagent strip pads release reagents into sample water • Used with photometer with built in cell • Ideal for cold water applications • Resistance to sunlight & heat • Strips are classified as articles – no MSDS required
- Photometers are superior to visual tests in accuracy and versatility. Higher start up cost can end up saving you significant money due to lower operating cost, or (cost per test) Digital display makes results easier to read
- The meters themselves are relatively inexpensive. They are very small and run on batteries
- Some companies make single parameter portable photometers with more features than pocket sized Just rant about the iDip, ecocheck, and m20
- Full Smart Device Integration • Digital Accuracy-Lab Quality Results • Customizable by the user • Time, Date, GPS Location Stamp • Low Cost - harnesses computing power of smartphone • Share and Export Data Via Email • Built in Sample Cell • Save, Send, Share data • Add notes to results • Customize and only download the tests you need • Multi-lingual interface