The document describes the development of an autonomous in-situ total phosphorus analyzer for use in aquatic environments. The analyzer uses the colorimetric stannous chloride-molybdenum blue method to measure orthophosphate, organic phosphate, and assimilated phosphate in algal biomass. A fluorinated ethylene propylene tubing digester catalyzed by UV light and heated by a nickel chromium wire is developed to digest organic phosphorus into a measurable form. Water samples and reagents are delivered using microfluidics and syringes controlled by linear actuators. Absorbance measurements are taken using a photodiode and LED in a flow cell. Validation tests achieved a correlation of r2=0
ABSTRACT- A study was carried out to assess the pollution load in river Yamuna at Mathura (U.P.) and its impact on
population size of some aquatic microbes. The key indicators of sewage waste load were Coliform count (MPN), BOD,
sulphates, chloride and ammonia. The susceptible microbes that were analysed included Ulothrix, Paramecium spp.
Difflugia sp. and species of Cyclops. The study revealed that the river is very badly polluted especially with sewage,
garbage and effluents from city and local industries. The population of Coliform bacteria and Ulothrix (algal organisms)
was found very high in those areas, where organic pollutants were very high in amount. But other organisms like,
Paramecium spp. Difflugia spp. and Cyclops exhibited a severe decline in population count, indicating heavy pollution
load, especially during summer months.
Key-words- Pollutants, BOD, Coliform bacteria, Sewage waste
ABSTRACT- A study was carried out to assess the pollution load in river Yamuna at Mathura (U.P.) and its impact on
population size of some aquatic microbes. The key indicators of sewage waste load were Coliform count (MPN), BOD,
sulphates, chloride and ammonia. The susceptible microbes that were analysed included Ulothrix, Paramecium spp.
Difflugia sp. and species of Cyclops. The study revealed that the river is very badly polluted especially with sewage,
garbage and effluents from city and local industries. The population of Coliform bacteria and Ulothrix (algal organisms)
was found very high in those areas, where organic pollutants were very high in amount. But other organisms like,
Paramecium spp. Difflugia spp. and Cyclops exhibited a severe decline in population count, indicating heavy pollution
load, especially during summer months.
Key-words- Pollutants, BOD, Coliform bacteria, Sewage waste
1Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus Kolkata, India
2Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata, India
3Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C. Road, Kolkata, India
*Address for Correspondence: Atanu Roy, Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University,
Salt lake Campus, Kolkata, India
ABSTRACT- Three decades data (1984 – 2015) was used to study the effect of surface water temperature, pH, dissolved
oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate on chlorophyll a concentration in three water bodies meant for fish culture (locally
known as Bheries) in East Kolkata Wetlands. The data revealed significant spatio-temporal variations (p < 0.01). The
increasing trend of temperature, nitrate and phosphate reflects the effect of intense urbanization at local level. The
pronounced variation of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a (decreasing trend) may be attributed to increased load of
sewage in the selected water bodies, which has posed an adverse impact on the phytoplankton standing stock as revealed
through decreasing chlorophyll a trend.
Key-words- East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW), Phytoplankton, Chlorophyll a, Nutrients, ANOVA
his study investigated the microbial community in a full scale anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor system for oil-produced water treatment in summer and winter. The community structures of fungi and bacteria were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand effluent concentration achieved lower than 50 mg/L level after the system in both summer and winter, however, chemical oxygen demand removal rates after anaerobic baffled reactor treatment system were significant higher in summer than that in winter, which conformed to the microbial community diversity. Saccharomycotina, Fusarium, and Aspergillus were detected in both anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor during summer and winter. The fungal communities in anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor were shaped by seasons and treatment units, while there was no correlation between abundance of fungi and chemical oxygen demand removal rates. Compared to summer, the total amount of the dominant hydrocarbon degrading bacteria decreased by 10.2% in anaerobic baffled reactor, resulting in only around 23% of chemical oxygen demand was removed in winter. Although microbial community significantly varied in the three parallel sulfide reducing bacteria, the performance of these bioreactors had no significant difference between summer and winter.
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...RSIS International
The study seeks to examine the Bacteriological and
physiochemical properties of Sambrero River in Ahoada East
Local Government Area of Rivers State. Three (3) points were
sampled from different locations designated as location (L1)
location (L2) and location (L3) respectively, samples were
collected in 0.1m of Sterile containers and were transported to
the laboratory for immediate analysis. Ten (10) physiochemical,
three (3) heavy metal sand three microbiological parameters
were observed. Data was analyzed using standard methods
(ALPHA, 1998) 20th edition and Ms-Excel version 2013 software.
The result showed little variation in physiochemical parameters
which are in line with World Health Organization (WHO)
standard of potable water but shows much variation in
microbiological parameters which are not in line with WHO
standard, thereby making the water not wholesome and not
potable for consumption except after proper treatment of the
water. The work therefore recommends that members of Ekpena
Community should ensure basic water treatment such as boiling
and chlorination before consumption.
Pollutant accumulation in soils irrigated with untreated wastewater for more ...ExternalEvents
The Global Symposium on Soil Pollution #GSOP18 | 2 - 4 May 2018 | FAO Hq
Ms. Christina D Siebe Grabach, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
1Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus Kolkata, India
2Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata, India
3Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 B.C. Road, Kolkata, India
*Address for Correspondence: Atanu Roy, Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University,
Salt lake Campus, Kolkata, India
ABSTRACT- Three decades data (1984 – 2015) was used to study the effect of surface water temperature, pH, dissolved
oxygen, nitrate, phosphate and silicate on chlorophyll a concentration in three water bodies meant for fish culture (locally
known as Bheries) in East Kolkata Wetlands. The data revealed significant spatio-temporal variations (p < 0.01). The
increasing trend of temperature, nitrate and phosphate reflects the effect of intense urbanization at local level. The
pronounced variation of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a (decreasing trend) may be attributed to increased load of
sewage in the selected water bodies, which has posed an adverse impact on the phytoplankton standing stock as revealed
through decreasing chlorophyll a trend.
Key-words- East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW), Phytoplankton, Chlorophyll a, Nutrients, ANOVA
his study investigated the microbial community in a full scale anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor system for oil-produced water treatment in summer and winter. The community structures of fungi and bacteria were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand effluent concentration achieved lower than 50 mg/L level after the system in both summer and winter, however, chemical oxygen demand removal rates after anaerobic baffled reactor treatment system were significant higher in summer than that in winter, which conformed to the microbial community diversity. Saccharomycotina, Fusarium, and Aspergillus were detected in both anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor during summer and winter. The fungal communities in anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor were shaped by seasons and treatment units, while there was no correlation between abundance of fungi and chemical oxygen demand removal rates. Compared to summer, the total amount of the dominant hydrocarbon degrading bacteria decreased by 10.2% in anaerobic baffled reactor, resulting in only around 23% of chemical oxygen demand was removed in winter. Although microbial community significantly varied in the three parallel sulfide reducing bacteria, the performance of these bioreactors had no significant difference between summer and winter.
Determination of Bacteriological and Physiochemical Properties of Som-Breiro ...RSIS International
The study seeks to examine the Bacteriological and
physiochemical properties of Sambrero River in Ahoada East
Local Government Area of Rivers State. Three (3) points were
sampled from different locations designated as location (L1)
location (L2) and location (L3) respectively, samples were
collected in 0.1m of Sterile containers and were transported to
the laboratory for immediate analysis. Ten (10) physiochemical,
three (3) heavy metal sand three microbiological parameters
were observed. Data was analyzed using standard methods
(ALPHA, 1998) 20th edition and Ms-Excel version 2013 software.
The result showed little variation in physiochemical parameters
which are in line with World Health Organization (WHO)
standard of potable water but shows much variation in
microbiological parameters which are not in line with WHO
standard, thereby making the water not wholesome and not
potable for consumption except after proper treatment of the
water. The work therefore recommends that members of Ekpena
Community should ensure basic water treatment such as boiling
and chlorination before consumption.
Pollutant accumulation in soils irrigated with untreated wastewater for more ...ExternalEvents
The Global Symposium on Soil Pollution #GSOP18 | 2 - 4 May 2018 | FAO Hq
Ms. Christina D Siebe Grabach, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
This presentation discusses the measurement of PFCs in drinking and tap water using LC-MS/MS. As contaminants of emerging concern, research on PFCs is ongoing to determine the impacts of these materials on human health and the environment. Perfluorinated compounds can be effectively and quickly measured directly from surface and drinking water using a modified configuration of the LCMS-8050. For more information, go to ssi.shimadzu.com and follow Shimadzu on Twitter @ShimadzuSSI. Thanks for viewing.
ABSTRACT- This study is a comparative analysis of physicochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water
intake in urban area of Patna District, Bihar state. A total of 68 drinking water samples randomly collected from 41
hand pumps, 14 municipal supply tap, 11 boring water and 2 well from 15 different locations of urban area of Patna
District. Samples were collected aseptically in 60ml sterile plastic container for bacteriological and in 1 liter sterile
plastic bottle for physicochemical parameter like pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand,
etc and compared with BIS (IS -10500). MPN test was applied to detect the presence of coliform in the drinking water
samples. The total coliform count was detected in 57 out of 68 water samples. Most of the water samples were shown
compromising physicochemical parameters. Total hardness (TH) is above the permissible limits detected in 60 out of 68
samples. Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) was also recorded below the standard for most of the samples .This results indicate
that drinking water is highly in jeopardy to bacterial contamination. Construction of septic tanks near with boring and
drinking water supply line short distance between water supply network and swage supply line poor constructed well
head, cross contamination with waste water, Leakage in pipe line are the main cause of water contamination.
Key-words- Drinking water, MPN count, Coliforms, Physico-chemical analysis, Bacterial, D.O., B.O.D., pH
Artifi cial wetlands are useful for wastewater treatment; however, relatively little is known of the effects of sewage on artifi cial wetland microbial community structure. Therefore, we assessed the effect of municipal sewage on microbial community diversity in surface water throughout an artifi cial wetland (Xiantao artifi cial wetland) treating municipal sewage. We analyzed the relationship between physicochemical parameters of surface water (i.e., Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and
NH4+-N) with microbial community structure (Illumina MiSeq sequencing followed by abundance indices). The results showed that the total microbial community in surface water was signifi cantly correlated with COD, TN, TP, and NH4
+-N (r = 0.764, 0.897, 0.883, 0.839, P < 0.05). In addition, the most abundant taxa were significantly correlated with COD (r = 0.803, P < 0.05). The relative abundance of rare operational taxonomic units in the more purifi ed water farther downstream was higher than in the polluted area, suggesting that rare groups were more sensitive to physicochemical parameters than abundant groups, and that the abundance of some bacteria could indirectly indicate the degree of aquatic pollution. Our results indicate that the responses of microorganisms in artificial wetlands to environmental conditions should be considered to ensure efficient treatment.
Bacterial and phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was measured from
March to December 1998 in the mesotrophic Allal El Fassi reservoir located in a semiarid
zone (Morocco). The total APA varied between 0,107-1,780 mmol PNP·L-1·h-1. In
epilimnion, the bacteria contributed significantly (> 60%) to the total APA. In the meta
and hypolimnion, the APA was predominantly algal (> 58%). The absence of correlation
between APA and orthophosphates indicates that the hydrolysis caused by this enzyme
was not a significant process in the recycling of phosphorus in Allal El Fassi reservoir.
So, the APA was not a valid test of phosphorus deficiency.
1. Development of an In-Situ Total Phosphorus Analyzer in Aqueous
Environments
Christopher F. Pertsch V1,2, Dr. James Bonner3, Dr. Christopher Fuller3, Russell Nelson3,
Meaghan Lavin3
1ASSETS to Serve Humanity REU Program, Clarkson University
2Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research, George Mason University
3Beacon Institute, Clarkson University
cpertsch@gmu.edu
Abstract- Ecosystems that contain high levels of phosphorus usually flourish and contain a large number of
flora and fauna. Anthropogenic factors, such as sewage effluent and run off from agricultural activities, can
cause an excess of phosphorus in the water leading to an uncontrolled growth of algae and plant life. This
uncontrolled growth causes a drastic decrease in the dissolved oxygen of the body of water creating a hypoxic
environment for the organisms. This is commonly known as eutrophication and is one of the major causes for
loss in biodiversity. An increase in phosphorus monitoring will provide a more efficient and accurate
determination of phosphorus levels over time, which can potentially lead to a better understanding of
phosphorus cycling and eutrophication. The performance of a prototype, autonomous t-phosphorus analyzer
will be evaluated with respect to its ability to measure: orthophosphate, organic phosphate, and assimilated
phosphate in algal biomass. The analyzer uses the colorimetric stannous chloride-molybdenum blue method to
calculate the phosphorus in the aqueous environment. Analysis of total phosphorus requires the digestion of
organic phosphorus into soluble phosphorus. To accomplish this a digester needs to be developed. To build the
digester a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEB) tubing is wrapped around a 12W UV-light (254nm) to catalyze
the digestion process. A nickel chromium wire is added to heat the digester, which is controlled using a
temperature probe and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm. Water samples and reagents are
delivered by using microfluidics and syringes controlled by linear actuators. Following the phosphorus
digestion and the addition of the colorimetric reagents the sample is then transferred to a flow cell (Z-Cell)
where a photodiode and an LED are usedto measure the absorbance of the sample. Validation of the chemistry
and overall behavior of the system was obtained using orthophosphate and organic phosphate (algae and
adenosine monophosphate). A linear regressionwas performed for concentrationvs. absorbance. The samples,
with ranging concentrations from 20-200g P/L, were randomized and repeated three times, the correlation
obtained was r2 = 0.960. Results for the different forms of phosphorus, assuming a successful digestion of the
material, are expected to be virtually the same. Definition and verification of process flow steps was done to
calculate the volumes flowing through the system, as well as to consider the mixing regimes by calculating
Reynolds numbers in different parts of the analyzer. The cost of the operating components of the system can
be purchased for under $3,000 compared to other commercially available nutrient analyzers that cost up to
$30,000.
Keywords- phosphorus, in-situ, micro-fluidics, Reynolds numbers
Acknowledgements: This project was supported in part by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. EEC-
1359256.
Mentors: Dr. James Bonner, Beacon Institute, Clarkson University
Dr. Christopher Fuller, Beacon Institute, Clarkson University
Mr. Russell Nelson, Beacon Institute, Clarkson University