![[object Object],Water Quality Parameter © H. Verheul](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Testing The Waters Water Quality Testing Session
- 1. Water Quality Testing Session © H. Verheul
- 8. Effects of ph After: http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidwater.html Effects of pH
- 10. Effects of Acid Rain in Nova Scotia http://www.novascotiasalmon.ns.ca/newsandissues/acidrain_map.htm
- 13. Water Quality Parameter: Conductivity © H. Verheul Electrical measured in microSiemens per centimeter ( μ S/cm) Lake EC ( μ S/cm) Comments Pockwock Lake (Halifax) ~35-45 2003-2005 http://www.gov.ns.ca/nse/surface.water/automatedqualitymonitoringdata.asp Shelburne River (near Kejimkujik National Park) ~20-45 2005, varies with water level (stage) http://www.gov.ns.ca/nse/surface.water/automatedqualitymonitoringdata.asp Atlantic Ocean ~48,000 (Water on the Web 2004) Great Salt Lake ~158,000 (Water on the Web 2004)
- 24. Equipment Today’s Tests (http://pearl.maine.edu/glossary/misc/secchi_disk.htm) Measure the secchi depth twice and report an average of the two depths Report the diameter and pattern of the disk.
- 26. References Bartram J. and Ballance R. 1996. Water Quality Monitoring: A practical guide to the design and implementation of freshwater quality studies and monitoring programmes. United Nations Environment Programmes, World Health Organization. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). 1999. Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Available at: http://ceqg-rcqe.ccme.ca/?config=ccme&thesite=ceqg&words=&image.x=8&image.y=8 Glenen J. and Sharpe A. 2009. Annapolis River 2008 Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report. Clean Annapolis River Project. Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. Available at: http://www.annapolisriver.ca/downloads/Annapolis_River_Guardians_2008.pdf MacMillan et al. 2005. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2582: Characterization of Summer Water Temperatures for 312 selected sites in Nova Scotia. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Moncton, New Brunswick. Water on the Web. 2004. Water on the Web - Monitoring Minnesota Lakes on the Internet and Training Water Science Technicians for the Future - A National On-line Curriculum using Advanced Technologies and Real-Time Data. University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812. Available at: http://WaterOntheWeb.org Wieler C. 2007. Delivery of Ecological Monitoring Information to Decision-Makers. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Network, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario. Available at: http://www.eman-rese.ca/eman/reports/publications/intro.html
Editor's Notes
- A water quality parameter is a measurement which can be used to understand the quality of the water. Examples are pH (or acidity), dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids and clarity. We will go over a few of the more common parameters that are tested for including the ones that we will test for today.
- When explaining this, relate it to how warm air rises in a house. It is because as air heats up, it becomes more dense, which means that it becomes less heavy.
- The clarity of a stream, river, or lake can be affected by many things, such as plants and algae, soil particles and other materials suspended in the water. The most affordable method for measuring clarity is by using a Secchi disk, which is shown in the photo above. It is usually used to estimate the abundance of algae (or the productivity of a lake), but keep in mind it is only an indicator.
- The pH is the measure of the acidity of water.
- What causes acid rain? When fossil fuels are burned, chemicals are released into the atmosphere. A chemical reaction takes place in the atmosphere which forms acids that fall back down to the earth in the form of rain and snow. In Nova Scotia, the bedrock is largely composed of granite, which does not have a strong buffering capacity to bring the pH up.
- Surface runoff is when water flows over the land into a stream, river or lake.
- An ion is an electrically charged particle in the water.
- Note that only in slow moving streams, lakes or ponds will this be noticeable.
- Silt and Sedimentation - Sediments may contain toxicants which can be detrimental to aquatic organisms.
- Silt and Sedimentation - Sediments may contain toxicants which can be detrimental to aquatic organisms.
- Equipment: Today’s Tests (Courtesy of the Community Based Environmental Monitoring Network_ - YSI 650 MDS and 600 QS Multiprobe - measures: dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, salinity, specific conductance, pH and total dissolved solids - Secchi disk - measures: turbidity indirectly - PSC tester 35 - measures: temperature, conductivity, salinity, pH and total dissolved solids
- Equipment: Today’s Tests (Courtesy of the Community Based Environmental Monitoring Network_ - YSI 650 MDS and 600 QS Multiprobe - measures: dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, salinity, specific conductance, pH and total dissolved solids - Secchi disk - measures: turbidity indirectly - PSC tester 35 - measures: temperature, conductivity, salinity, pH and total dissolved solids
- Secchi disk: - secchi depth is a measure of clarity - attached to a rape and lowered into the water until it is no longer visible - higher secchi readings mean more rope was let out before the disk disappeared from sight and indicates clearer water - lower readinds indicate turbid or colored water. Clear water lets light penetrate more deeply into the lake than does murky water - this light allows photosyntheses to occur and oxygen to be produced - rule of thumb is that light can penetrate to a depth of about 2-3 times the secchi disk depth Measure the secchi depth twice and report an average of the two depths Report the diameter on the disk and the pattern
- Secchi disk: - secchi depth is a measure of clarity - attached to a rape and lowered into the water until it is no longer visible - higher secchi readings mean more rope was let out before the disk disappeared from sight and indicates clearer water - lower readinds indicate turbid or colored water. Clear water lets light penetrate more deeply into the lake than does murky water - this light allows photosyntheses to occur and oxygen to be produced - rule of thumb is that light can penetrate to a depth of about 2-3 times the secchi disk depth Measure the secchi depth twice and report an average of the two depths Report the diameter on the disk and the pattern
- Secchi disk: - secchi depth is a measure of clarity - attached to a rape and lowered into the water until it is no longer visible - higher secchi readings mean more rope was let out before the disk disappeared from sight and indicates clearer water - lower readinds indicate turbid or colored water. Clear water lets light penetrate more deeply into the lake than does murky water - this light allows photosyntheses to occur and oxygen to be produced - rule of thumb is that light can penetrate to a depth of about 2-3 times the secchi disk depth Measure the secchi depth twice and report an average of the two depths Report the diameter on the disk and the pattern