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20200311
- 1. Happy Monday! We’re going to learn about the fur trappers of the Pacific Northwest and map the state! Wednesday, March 11th, 2020 Agenda for the Day: We’re looking at fur trappers of the Oregon Country, as we finish Chapter 2, and mapping the state! DUE FRIDAY, 3/13 Ch. 2 Pkt. Map Activity Learning Target: • I can explain how key individuals and events influenced the early growth and changes in the Northwest. • I can identify, label, and locate cities, mountains, and bodies of water in Washington. 1st 8:49—10:30 3rd 10:34—12:16 Lunch 12:16—12:46 5th 12:46—2:30
- 2. Of The Oregon Country
- 5. Established in 1810. Two groups of men were sent to establish the fort, one by land, one by sea. The land expedition discovered the Oregon Trail. First colony established in the Oregon Country. This was important for America’s claim to the land. Astor “sold” colony during the War of 1812. It was then renamed Fort George.
- 7. Alexander MacKenzie David Thompson Simon Fraser Spuds MacKenzie Simon Le Bon
- 8. A fur trapping company that began in 1770 in Montreal. They employed many French Canadians. Sent explorers out west to find better travel routes and good trapping grounds. Purchased Ft. Astoria in 1812; re- named it Ft. George. Merged with the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821.
- 10. British-Canadian Company began in 1670. Merged with the Nor’ West Company in 1821. In 1821 it entered the Oregon Country became the largest company in the world. The HB.C. still exists today with a series of subsidiaries like The Bay and Shop-Rite.
- 11. Original Land Holdings Montreal Headquarters
- 12. John McLoughlin was appointed as the Chief Factor of the Hudson’s Bay Company in the Oregon Country in 1824. McLoughlin selected the location of Fort Vancouver and oversaw its construction. Fort Vancouver became the capital of the Oregon Territory until 1846 and became the major political and economic force of the PNW.
- 13. *Had a great relationship with the Natives and peace was kept in the area. *McLoughlin was told to do everything he could to discourage American settlers. *He was too kind to turn the settlers completely away, many times he gave the settlers supplies, money, and land. *He decided to send the Americans south of the Columbia River and kept them away from the land north.
- 15. He was fired in 1850 and retired to Oregon City.
- 16. Joseph Meek Jedediah Smith Usually were independent and met a few times a year at rendezvous to sell their furs, socialize, compete, and get supplies.
- 17. The Oregon Treaty (1846) officially settled the conflict over the Oregon Country. This agreement set what is now the border between the United States and Canada. President James K. Polk 1845-1849
Editor's Notes
- Beginning well before 1600, the North American fur trade was the earliest global economic enterprise. Europeans and, later, Canadians and Americans, hunted and trapped beaver furs and sea otter pelts; but success mandated that traders cultivate and maintain dense trade and alliance networks with Native nations.
- The population of the Oregon Territory consisted mainly of Native Americans. The Europeans first explored the territory from the sea. The region became known for its fur-trade and the British Hudson’s Bay Company dominated the market. Since the fur-trade that developed in the region was extremely lucrative, many countries wanted to claim the land for themselves. The territorial claims often caused conflicts between the European colonists and the United States. During the 1700’s, the two countries with the strongest claims to Oregon Country were England and the United States
- Fur trader and real estate investor John Jacob Astor was one of the leading businessmen of his day and the founder of an American fur trade dynasty. After the successful expedition of Lewis and Clark ended in 1806, Astor saw opportunity in the West. He bought property in Oregon where a fort was built in 1811 and a settlement named Astoria was planned. But he sold the outpost soon after because of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. With all the migration into his forts, Astor was like the kindergarten cop of his day.
- John Astor was sort of the “Godfather” of Astoria
- There are all kinds of stories of hostilities between early American colonists and the Native people who were already there. However, these hostilities did not occur with every European group who came. The French are a notable exception to this, and in fact, enjoyed excellent relations with the Natives almost from the very beginning. Why were the French different? The main reason is that they did not try to change the Natives. They also did not compete with the Natives for land. When the French first came to the Americas in the 1530s and 1540s to engage in seasonal fur trading, they immediately established strong trading ties with the local Natives they found there. The Natives already dealt extensively in furs. The French quickly discovered they could go back to France in the winter months with ships laden with furs they had purchased from the Natives with European wares, such as metal cooking pots, weapons, horses, and other goods not accessible to the Natives at that time.
- Meek- Early life fur trapper. Explored Yellowstone. N.A. wife. Driving force behind Oregon becoming a U.S. territory. Served as U.S. Marshal. Smith- Extensive exploration of the West. Survived 3 Indian massacres plus a bear attack. Accurate maps. Publicized South Pass.
- In the late 1830s, trappers began to settle down on the land and more and more settlers and missionaries started to arrive to the territory. There was no organized government in those parts at the time. A group of settlers in the Willamette Valley discussed organizing a government in the region on their regular meetings and they created the Provisional Government of Oregon in 1841. In 1846 the Oregon Treaty was signed between the US and Britain to settle the boundary dispute. The British gained the land north of the 49th parallel, including the Vancouver Island and the United States received the territory south of the parallel. The treaty was signed under the presidency of James K. Polk, the treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country; the area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S. since the Treaty of 1818.