Passive House: concept, applications, market

Passiefhuis-Platform vzw
The REFLEX for passive & low energy building

Gitschotellei 138 – B-2600 Berchem
KBC 733-0106722-52
T +32 (0)3 235 02 81
F +32 (0)3 271 03 59
http:// www.passiefhuisplatform.be
@ info@passiefhuisplatform.be

Green Building – Passive House
Leonardo ENERGY, December 20th, 2005
Civ. Eng.-arch. Erwin MLECNIK
Passiefhuis-Platform vzw - PHP
Gitschotellei 138, B-2600 Berchem
Belgium
www.passiefhuisplatform.be
www.maisonpassive.be
www.passivehouse.be

Outline
• The Passive House Concept
– Definition
– Comparison
– Principles
• Examples
– New dwellings
– Renovation
– Office buildings
• European view and market development

Welcome to Belgium: the Heart of Europe
3rd Benelux
Passive House
Symposium
Aalst, Belgium
21.10.2005
-
Passive House
Technology
Forum
Aalst, Belgium
22.10.2005
-
Passive House
Experience
23.10.2005
Flanders, Belgium

What is a ‘passive house’? (popular version)
• The term ‘passive house’ refers to a specific
construction standard for buildings with good
comfort conditions during winter and summer,
without the need for a traditional heating system

What is a ‘passive house’? (scientific)
• The design heat load is limited to the load that can
be transported by the minimum required ventilation
air
ventilation with
heat recovery
fresh air exhaust air
extract supply air
air
thermal
insulation heat
airtightness
collecting
windows

300
250
200
150
100
50
0
What is a ‘passive house’? (scientific)
Passive house
Specific heat demand [kWh/m².a]
• The term ‘passive house’
(‘passiefhuis’, ‘maison passive’,
‘passivhaus’) refers to a
construction standard:
➊ specific heat demand for space heating
15 kWh/m².a
➋ the total energy demand
42 kWh/m².a;
120 kWhprim/m².a
Heating Sanitary hot water Ventilation Household equipment

What is a ‘passive house’? (comparison)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-75%
-85%
Existing housing New constructions Low energy houses Passive houses
Specific energy deamnd [kWh/m².a]
heating Sanitary hot water ventilation Household equipment

What is a ‘passive house’? (comparison)
Tunnel effect in cost analysis
Passive house
construction standard
Low energy building
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
[€]
Specific energy demand for space heating [kWh/m².an]
Total cost Investment in EE
Energy cost

investment
What is a ‘passive house’? (principles)
Energy savings
1’
Angle = cost-efficiency
0
3
4
2
1
5’
5

What is a ‘passive house’? (principles)
• Maximum insulation
• Required values U (k)
• Required without cold bridges
• Airtight construction
• Pass a blower-door test
• Rational use of the sun
• Required g-values for glazing
• Comfort ventilation
• Required % heat exchange
• Energy efficient household equipment
• Renewable energy sources

What is a ‘passive house’? (requirements)
Measure/ solution Passive House standard
6. Cost reduction
Building team
Commissioning
Building systems
Measure/ solution Passive House standard
1. Super Insulation
Insulation walls U ≤ 0,15 W/m 2K
Insulation roof U ≤ 0,15 W/m 2K
Insulation floor U ≤ 0,15 W/m 2K
Window casing U ≤ 0,8 W/m 2K
Window glazing U ≤ 0,8 W/m 2K
Doors
Thermal bridges linear heat coeff ψ ≤ 0,01W/mK
Air tightness η50 ≤ 0,6 h -1
Minimal Shape Factor (Area TFA/
Volume TV)
2. Heat Recovery/ IAQ
Ventilation counter flow
heat recovery ηHR ≥ 75 %
air to air heat exchanger
Ventilation air sub-soil heat exchangerFresh air ≥ 8 °C
Ventilation ducts insulated
Other heat recovery (e.g. ventila-tion
DHW return pipes)
DHW heat recovery
DHW pipes insulated
Minimal space heating
Post heater ventilation air,
low temperature heating
Efficient small capacity heating
system
Biomass, heat pump, gas, co -
generation (e.g. district heating), etc.
Air Quality through ventilation rate min. 0,4 ach -1 or 30 m 3/pers/h
or national regulation if higher
3. Passive (Solar) Gain
Window glazing solar energy transmittance g ≥ 50 %
DHW (solar) heater
Thermal mass within envelope
Solar orientation
Night -time shutters
Shading factor [%] (East West)
4. Electric Efficiency
Energy labeled household
appliances [Labeling A - G] Energy reduction 50% of
Hot water connections washing ma- common practice
chines/ dishwashers
Compact Fluorescent lighting
Regular maintenance ventilation
filters
Direct Current motor ventilation
Efficient fans: SFP (Specific Fan
Power)
≤ 0,45 W/(m3/h) (transported
air)
5. On -site Renewables
Wind turbine
Photo Voltaics
Solar thermal energy
Biomass system
Other
= basic measure/ solution
= often applied optional measure/ solution
= other optional measure/ solution

Examples (new dwellings)
• 2002
Architect: E. Hoeckx, photo: D. Andelhofs

• 2005
Passive house projects in Belgium
• Certified projects: 7
• Projects under construction: ±33
• Total: ±40
• habitats: 34
• service buildings: 6
(2 schools, 2 office buildings, 2 education centers)

Examples (certified dwellings)
2004
2005
Arch.: denc!-studio, photo: PHP
Arch.: FDA, photo: PHP
Arch.: E. Ubachs, photo: G.De bruyn
Arch.: C. Debrabander, photo: PHP
Arch.: G. Sabbe, photo: PHP Arch.: E. Ubachs, photo: PHP Arch.: denc!-studio, photo: PHP

• 1. Passive House Heusden-Destelbergen
• Fam. Baert-Camerlynck, Arch. Bart Cobbaert, denc!-studio
• Kris Baert, Cenergie cvba; Geert Abts, De Noordboom cv; J.E. Stork ventilatoren NV
• Urban row house 4 persons
Treated floor area 113,6 m2
Average ceiling height 2.40 m

Passive House Heusden-Destelbergen
• Architecture (denc!-studio)

• Construction (B. Cobbaert, denc!-studio; G. Abts)

• Construction (B. Cobbaert, denc!-studio; G. Abts; isoproC)
Air tightness Gent Passive House n50 = 0.6 h-1
Air tightness typical Belgium n50 = 7,8 h-1

Thermal insulation
Gent Passive
House
Typical House
Belgium
Envelope
U-value [W/m2K]
component
Facade 0,15 0,45
Roof 0,094 0,25-0,30
Floor 0,194 0,42-0,45
Doors 0,79 3,5
Window
0,66 2,4
frame
Windows 0,7 /Triple Pane 1,6 /Dual Pane
Wall below
ground level
1,4

Exterior walls
Materials (out Æ in) Thickness [cm]
Wooden plate / Vent.air
0.8 / 3.8
cavity
OSB 1.5
Wood skeleton/mineral wool 14
Mineral wool 10
Wood skeleton/mineral wool 8.9
PE foil, gypsum board 1.2

Floors
Ground floor
Reinforced concrete 11
EPS insulation 16
Concrete 8

Roof
EPDM 0.05
Mineral wool in inclination 1,5
Min. 8
cm/m
OSB 1.5
Mineral wool between studs 35
PE foil, Vent. air cavity 2.2
MDF 1.5

Windows
Frame material Wood w/ polyure-thane
thermal barrier
Triple pane glazing

• Construction (B. Cobbaert, denc!-studio; G. Abts; JE Stork Ventilatoren)
Technical installation
- Ground/air heat-exchanger (L: 40m; D: 1,5-2,5 m; d: 110mm)
- Photovoltaics
Heating Heat generator
Heating fluid
Temp. control
Heating system
Mechanical ventilation sys-tem
Air
Thermostat
Via ground/air heat ex-changers
and a heat ex-changer
in the ventilation
system
Domes-tic
hot
water
Heating
Energy source
By gasboiler and thermal
solar panels
Sun and gas
Ventila-tion
System
Heat recovery
Ventilation Rate
System D, mech. supply
and exhaust
yes, 80%
0.44 vol/h

• Energy consumption
• Calculated heat demand 12 kWh/ m².a
• Daily average consumption
(calculation after 1 year):
- electricity day: 2.22 kWh/ day
- electricity night: 0.55 kWh/ day
- gas: 0.88 m³/ day
- water: 0.27 m³/ day
- Electricity cost: 34,77 EUR/ 3 months (139,08 EUR/ year)
- Gas costs: 11,53 EUR/ month (138,44 EUR/ year)
- Construction cost: 800 EUR/ m²

• 2. Passive House Heusden-Zolder
• Fam. De bruyn-Requin, Arch. Eric Ubachs
• G.De bruyn, Cenergie cvba; Vanhout NV; Artiklima; esco+; IZEN; Hanssens
Houtconstructies; Ecobouw; Ecom@
• Detached dwelling 6 persons
Treated floor area 194 m2
Average ceiling height 2,50 m

Passive House Heusden-Zolder
• Architecture (E. Ubachs)

• Construction (E.Ubachs, Vanhout NV)

• Construction
Air tightness Passive House example n50 = 0.2 h-1
Air tightness typical Belgium n50 = 1 h-1

• Construction
Thermal insulation
Passive House
example
Typical House
Belgium
Envelope
component
U-value [W/m2K]
Facade 0,121 0,45
Roof 0,104 0,25-0,30
Floor 0,127 0,42-0,45
Doors 0,800 3,5
Window
0,59 2,4
frame
Windows 0,7 /Triple Pane 1,6 /Dual Pane
Wall below
1,4
ground level

• Construction
Exterior walls
Masonry brick 10
Vent.air cavity/bitumen
4.2/1.8
wood fibre board
3x Mineral wool/wooden
structure
14/7/7
OSB 1.5
Air cavity mineral wool 4.5
Gypsum fibre board 1.25

• Construction
Floors
Reinforced concrete 18
Insulation EPS 25
Poured concrete 11
Cover floor; wood/stone 2

• Construction
Roof
Bitumen wood fibre board 2.2
Mineral wool between FJI-studs
27.2
Mineral wool between 35
FJI-studs
Mineral wool between FJI-studs
7.8
Vapour barrier 0.2
Air cavity (pipes…) 2.2
Gypsum fibre board 1.25

• Construction
Windows
Triple pane glazing
Frame material Wood

• Construction
Technical installation
- Ground/air heat exchanger (L: 40m; D: 2m; d: 173-200mm)
- Solar combi for hot water production (5,5 m2 collector
surface)
Heating Heat generator
Heating fluid
Temp. control
Heating system
Ventil. system
Air
Thermostat
Via ground/air heat ex-changer
and after heating
by solar-gas boiler
Domes-tic
hot
water
Heating
Energy source
Yes
Solar energy and gas
Ventila-tion
System
Heat recovery
Ventilation Rate
Mech. supply and exhaust
More than 90%
0.37 vol/h

• Energy consumption
• Calculated heating demand 14,5 kWh/m².a (3000 kWh)
• Reduction 90%!
• Energy consumption for hot water production ¼ similar
standard construction

Examples (renovation)
• Passive House Verviers (FHW Architectes)

A1 A1
A1
A2
A1
A3
A4
A3
A4
E1 E1 E1
C1 C1
C2 C2
A4
A4
D2
A6
C4 C4
B1
C4 C4
B2
B2
C4 C4
C1
C1
C1
E1
D2
C3
D2
C4
C4 C4 C4
E1 E1
D1 D1
D2 D2 D2
E1
D2 D2 D3 D2
E1 E1
E2 E2
E4
A5
A5
A3
A4
A4
D2 D2 D2
E1 E1 E1
C1 C1
E1
D2 D2 D2
D3
C2 C2
D2
A6
C4 C4 C4 C4
B2
C4 C4
C1
C1
C1
E1
D2
D2
C4
C4 C4 C4
E1 E1
E1 E1
E4
Das bestehende Dachgesims bleibt erhalten
Zu entf ernender
Kamin
A7
A3
D2
C7
B1
D2
Die Höhe der neuen Dachrinne wird der des Nachbar angeglichen
• Architecture (FHW Architectes)

• Architecture (FHW Architectes)
+1,90
Bestehendes Nachbargebäude
Kinder-zimmer
Kinder-zimmer
±0, 00
-2,0 7
-0,115
+2, 34
+1,895
+2, 21 5
+1, 98
+3,085
+4, 54 5
+2,085
+3,09 5
+4, 35 5
-0,1 35
-0,3 6
+0,90
+2, 07
+1, 99
+4,265
+4, 74 5
+7,565
+5,14 5
+1,155
+3, 15
+6,12
+5,12
+4,44
-0,5 1
+6, 50 5
+4,90
-0 ,5 1
+8,785
HWR
Zu entfernender Anbau
Küche
Galerie
Esszimmer
Keller Keller
Zu entfernender
Kamin
20°
Zu entfernendes Dach
Zimmer
C7 C7
D4 D4
D4
D4
C6
A4
A3
A3
D4
D4 D4
D2
D2
D4
D4
E3
D2
D4
D2
D4
A5
C6
B2
C5
C5
C5
C5
C9
E3
E3
C9
D4 D4
A7
C8 C8 C8
A4

• Construction (FHW architectes, ecoRce)

• Construction (FHW architectes, ecoRce)
2% Gefä lle

+1,90
Kinder-zimmer
Kinder-zimmer
±0, 00
-2,0 7
-0,115
+2, 34
+1,895
+2, 21 5
+1, 98
+3,085
+4, 54 5
+2,085
+3,09 5
+4, 35 5
-0,1 35
-0,3 6
+0,90
+2, 07
+1, 99
+4,265
+4, 74 5
+7,565
+5,14 5
+1,155
+3, 15
+6,12
+5,12
+4,44
-0,5 1
+6, 50 5
+4,90
-0 ,5 1
+8,785
HWR
Zu entfernender Anbau
Küche
Galerie
Esszimmer
Keller Keller
Zu entfernender
Kamin
20°
Zimmer • Construction (FHW architectes, ecoRce)

Office building of the Port of Ghent
Arch.: evr-architecten; PH-consultant: Cenergie
photo: PHP
School in Beernem
Arch.: Buro II; PH-consultant: Cenergie
Examples (service buildings)
Ecobouw; photo: PHP
2004
2005

Passive House School IPFC Nivelles
• Architecture (a2m sprl)
• Renovation/ extension

COURS “GENERAUX”
labo informatique Auditoire 1
salle vidéo
bibliothèque
archives et réserves
Espace Internet
recherche emploi
espace administratif
Bureau 1
Bureau 2
Salle des profs
Auditoire 2
Auditoire 3
Auditoire 4
Auditoire 5
COURS “PRATIQUES”
Chevalet 1
Chevalet 2
Espace arts
et expresion
(croquis,
sérigraphie,
etc)
DIVERS
ADMINISTRATION
HALL
COMMUN
espace de rencontre
circulations
etc
ACCUEIL
expo
inscriptions
etc
réserve
réserve
réserve
réserve
réserve
CAFETARIA
distributeur boissons

proposition 1 proposition 2 proposition 3 proposition 4 (ic)
PROGRAMME
Nombre de personnes 446 439 504 589
Ratio Net/Brut 62% 61% 64% 70%
Flexibilité 10% 10% 10% 50%
BUDGET
A: base 98.848.530 FB 2.450.391 € 110.788.810 FB 2.746.383 € 119.154.750 FB 2.953.769 € 136.039.523 FB 3.372.332 €
B01: pavillon 9.922.000 FB 245.960 € 9.922.000 FB 245.960 € 9.922.000 FB 245.960 € 7.937.600 FB 196.768 €
B02: abords directs 1.936.000 FB 47.992 € 1.936.000 FB 47.992 € 1.936.000 FB 47.992 € 1.936.000 FB 47.992 €
C: réfections 30.677.130 FB 760.466 € 29.501.010 FB 731.311 € 30.219.750 FB 749.128 € 0 FB 0 €
total TVAC 141.383.660 FB 3.504.809 € 152.147.820 FB 3.771.646 € 161.232.500 FB 3.996.849 € 145.913.123 FB 3.617.092 €
prix au m² HTVC 50.189 FB 1.244 € 56.164 FB 1.392 € 58.102 FB 1.440 € 54.608 FB 1.354 €
RUNNING COSTS
consommation énergétique 789.775 FB 19.578 € 660.889 FB 16.383 € 660.889 FB 16.383 € 477.987 FB 11.849 €
annuelle globale
Consom. an. Chauffage/ m² 94 kWh/m²an 60 kWh/m²an 60 kWh/m²an
10kWh/m²an 60kWh/m²an
lumière naturelle 14% 16% 16% 21%

• Rénovation/ extension
• Surface 2.575 m²
• Volume 8.308 m³

Passive House School
Cas X:
-Ventilation standard
-Ventilation extra de l’atrium
-Ventilation mécanique de nuit
-Protection solaire optimalisée de
l’atrium
-Protection solaire amovibles
- passif et blanc
Premières conclusions:
Nbre heures/an 28°C=
Blanc= 14 h
Atrium = 130 h
Passif = 0 h !
(atrium= 130h pendant juillet et août)
Bâtiment
« blanc »
Atrium
Nouvelle
Extension PASSIF
T ext
T atrium
T Blanc
T passif
• Study (Cenergie cvba)
• Limiting the risk of overheating
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
09/06 - 00:00
09/06 - 12:00
10/06 - 00:00
10/06 - 12:00
11/06 - 00:00
11/06 - 12:00
12/06 - 00:00
12/06 - 12:00
13/06 - 00:00
13/06 - 12:00
14/06 - 00:00
14/06 - 12:00
15/06 - 00:00
15/06 - 12:00
Tijdstip
Temperatuur in °C
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Zoninstraling in W/m²
Buitentemperatuur temperature [°C], in passief - comfort mean per passed hour
temperature [°C], in atrium - comfort mean per passed hour temperature [°C], in blanc - comfort mean per passed hour
Zon q-hor-global

• Renovation/ extension
En JOURNÉE LUNDI MARDI MERCREDI JEUDI VENDREDI
9h00 à 17h00
Nombre d’étudiants
En SOIRÉE
18h15 à 22h00
Nombre d’étudiants
67 77 67 77 77
(10) (11) (10) (11) (11)
525 661 465 769 331
Locaux occupés
Locaux occupés
6 7 6 7 7
22 34 18 39 17
Année 2003-2004
Situation au 1 mars 2004 er *
Malgré les quatre groupes refusés, les deux groupes de 15 participants « Mission Régionale FOREM» arrivant en journée à
raison de 35 heures/semaine ( du 1 er
le premier : au 12 mars et
le second : du 15 mars au 2 avril) seront très difficiles à « caser », dans les espaces actuellement réservés à l' I.P.F.C..

Passive Houses in Europe
• The Netherlands
Arch. E. Franke

• Luxemburg
Arch. C. Weisgerber Arch. Witry Witry

• Germany

• Austria, Switzerland, Northern taly

European collaboration ‘PEP’
• ECN (co-ordinator, Netherlands)
• DHV Bouw en Industrie BV (Netherlands)
• National University of Ireland, Dublin (Ireland)
• Building Research Establishment Ltd BRE (UK)
• SINTEV (Norway)
• Ellehauge Kildemoes (Denmark)
• Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT (Finland)
• proKlima GbR (Germany)
+ Passivhaus Institut (subcontractor, Germany)
• AEE INTEC (Austria)
• Passiefhuis-Platform (Belgium)

Stimulating Market Development
• From Underdeveloped to Innovative in 5
Steps:
• Step 1: Define ‘passive house’
• Step 2: Involve Companies
• Step 3: Demonstration projects
• Step 4: Assure Quality
• Step 5: Innovate

• Psychological
– Awareness/ comfort
• Financial
– Building cost
– Market development
• Technical
– Calculation/ Certification
– Production/ Construction
• Educational
– SME’s and VSE’s

General Public:
- Web Site
- Publications
- Seminars
- Building Fairs
- Building Visits
www.passiefhuisplatform.be
www.maisonpassive.be
www.passivehouse.be
Members:
- Technology Watch
- Technology Forum
- Symposia
- Study Trip
- Workshops

Conclusion: Experience in Belgium
development
Industry
Aware client
Quality by
experience
Designers
Quality oriented
building team
Product
Constructors

Thank you
• www.passivehouse.be

PHP - Gitschotellei 138 - 2600 Berchem
KBC 733-0106722-52
T +32 (0)3 235 02 81
F +32 (0)3 271 03 59
http:// www.passiefhuisplatform.be
@ info@passiefhuisplatform.be

Passive House: concept, applications, market

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