The document outlines the key principles and methods of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT). It discusses establishing treatment plans with specific goals and outcomes, using reflex inhibiting postures and patterns to correct tone and synergies, and consulting with patients and their support system. It also describes the use of handling at key points of control, facilitation and inhibition techniques, repetition, and progressing tasks within a session from easiest to most difficult. The overall approach is to design individualized treatment to achieve independent function through motivating and error-allowing activities.

2. A saying by (K. Bobath & B.
Bobath, 1984)
“Treatment has to be
flexible and adopted to
the many and varied needs
of the individual”

3. 1. Establish a treatment plan with
anticipated outcomes that include
specific, observable functions
within a specific time frame under
specific environmental conditions.
2. NDT uses Reflex Inhibiting Postures
(anti spastic postures) and Reflex
Inhibiting Patterns (anti-spastic
movement patterns) for correcting
synergies and tone abnormalities

4. 3. Plan expected outcomes and
goals in consultation with the
patient, family and other
members of rehab team. Thus
NDT recommends an
interdisciplinary model of
service.
4. NDT treatment utilizes a sensory
inputs to bring about motor
outputs.

5. 5. Handling is an important intervention
method used in NDT to help the
patient achieve independent function.
Handling always occurs at key points
of control. As per Bobath we have:
 Central key points of control
 Proximal key points of control
 Distal key points of control
6. Facilitation – A method of therapeutic
handling that makes posture and
movement easy or likely to occur.

6.  CKP (Central Key Point)
◦ Ant (xiphoid process)
Post (T7,8)
 PKP (Proximal Key
Point)
◦ Head, Shoulder, Pelvis
 DKP (Distal Key Point)
◦ Hand, Foot

7. 7. Inhibition – Used to restrict the
patients’ atypical posture and
movement that prevent efficient
performance.
8. Treatment strategies often
include preparation and
simulation of critical
foundational components of a
task as well as practice of the
whole task.

8. 9. NDT intervention is designed
to obtain active response
from the client in goal
directed activities. Design a
therapy program to use the
patient’s potentials.

9. 10. NDT intervention allows the
client to learn from errors and
identify his own errors that
occur during movement.
11. Therapist must have Knowledge
of the development of posture
and movement components
used in designing treatment
strategies.

10. 12. Repetition is an important
component in motor learning.
13. Create an environment that is
conducive to co-operative
participation and support of the
client’s efforts. NDT sessions
provide motivation and purpose
to engage the client fully.

11. 14. A single treatment session
progresses from activities in
which the client is most
capable to activities that are
more challenging. Therefore
individual treatment sessions
are designed.

12. 15. NDT intervention methods
include modifying the task,
or the environment, to take
into account the current level
of the client’s performance
and capacity for function.
______________X________________