This document discusses the design of spur gears. It covers topics such as types of gears, gear terminology, gear teeth forms, gear materials, design considerations, Lewis equation for beam strength, causes of gear tooth failure, and provides examples of gear design calculations. The document contains detailed information on spur gear design parameters and calculations.
The document discusses various topics related to gear design and gear trains. It defines gears and their basic components such as teeth and axes. It describes different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. It also discusses gear ratios, velocity ratios, interference in gears, and different types of gear trains such as simple, compound, and planetary gear trains. The document provides illustrations and explanations of each gear type and gear train.
The document provides information about different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. It discusses key gear terminology such as pitch circle, pitch diameter, pressure angle, addendum, dedendum, diametral pitch, and module. The document also covers gear tooth profiles including cycloidal and involute profiles and the law of gearing for constant velocity ratio. Examples of gear calculations for addendum, path of contact, arc of contact, and contact ratio are presented.
Power transmission involves moving energy from where it is generated to where it is applied. Power is defined as units of energy per unit time. Gears are used to transmit power between rotating or linear shafts by means of teeth that progressively engage. There are different types of gears that transmit motion between parallel shafts, intersecting shafts, and non-parallel shafts. Gear drives are commonly used for power transmission due to their ability to transmit high power and torque over a wide range of speed ratios in a compact package.
Machine Elements and Design- Lecture 8.pptxJeromeValeska5
Gears transmit power and motion between two shafts. There are different types of gears classified based on the orientation of shafts and teeth. Gear geometry includes parameters like pitch circle, pressure angle, addendum and dedendum. Strength of gear teeth depends on factors like load, tooth dimensions and material properties. Dynamic loads account for inaccuracies and are higher than steady loads. Design considers factors like load calculation, permissible stresses, and load distribution to ensure safe and reliable operation of gear drives.
This document discusses different types of gears and their components. It begins by defining gears and their purpose in power transmission systems. There are three main types of gears defined by their shaft positions: parallel, intersecting, and non-parallel/non-intersecting. Spur gears have parallel shafts while bevel gears have intersecting shafts. Worm gears are non-parallel and non-intersecting. The document then discusses specific gears like spur gears, helical gears, rack and pinion gears, and bevel gears. It also covers gear tooth profiles, terminology, interference issues, and measurement techniques.
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document provides information on bevel gears, including their design, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses straight and spiral bevel gear types and proportions. Formulas are presented for calculating forces, bending stresses, contact stresses, and permissible stress values for bevel gear design. Diagrams illustrate bevel gear geometry, terminology, and force analysis. The document is intended to inform the design of bevel gear elements and machine components.
REPORT ON QUALITY CONTROL BY REDUCING REJECTION DUE TO CHIP IMPRESSIONHardik Ramani
This document is a project report submitted by Ramani Hardik V. and Bhesdadiya Parag M. to their professor V.B. Patel at U.V. Patel College of Engineering. The report examines quality control issues related to chip impressions causing rejection of gears during manufacturing at Mahindra Gears & Transmission Pvt. Shaper.Rajkot. The document includes an introduction of the company, definitions of gear terminology, descriptions of gear manufacturing processes like hobbing, and analysis of rejection data through tables and Pareto charts to identify sources of chip impressions.
The document discusses various topics related to gear design and gear trains. It defines gears and their basic components such as teeth and axes. It describes different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. It also discusses gear ratios, velocity ratios, interference in gears, and different types of gear trains such as simple, compound, and planetary gear trains. The document provides illustrations and explanations of each gear type and gear train.
The document provides information about different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. It discusses key gear terminology such as pitch circle, pitch diameter, pressure angle, addendum, dedendum, diametral pitch, and module. The document also covers gear tooth profiles including cycloidal and involute profiles and the law of gearing for constant velocity ratio. Examples of gear calculations for addendum, path of contact, arc of contact, and contact ratio are presented.
Power transmission involves moving energy from where it is generated to where it is applied. Power is defined as units of energy per unit time. Gears are used to transmit power between rotating or linear shafts by means of teeth that progressively engage. There are different types of gears that transmit motion between parallel shafts, intersecting shafts, and non-parallel shafts. Gear drives are commonly used for power transmission due to their ability to transmit high power and torque over a wide range of speed ratios in a compact package.
Machine Elements and Design- Lecture 8.pptxJeromeValeska5
Gears transmit power and motion between two shafts. There are different types of gears classified based on the orientation of shafts and teeth. Gear geometry includes parameters like pitch circle, pressure angle, addendum and dedendum. Strength of gear teeth depends on factors like load, tooth dimensions and material properties. Dynamic loads account for inaccuracies and are higher than steady loads. Design considers factors like load calculation, permissible stresses, and load distribution to ensure safe and reliable operation of gear drives.
This document discusses different types of gears and their components. It begins by defining gears and their purpose in power transmission systems. There are three main types of gears defined by their shaft positions: parallel, intersecting, and non-parallel/non-intersecting. Spur gears have parallel shafts while bevel gears have intersecting shafts. Worm gears are non-parallel and non-intersecting. The document then discusses specific gears like spur gears, helical gears, rack and pinion gears, and bevel gears. It also covers gear tooth profiles, terminology, interference issues, and measurement techniques.
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document provides information on bevel gears, including their design, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses straight and spiral bevel gear types and proportions. Formulas are presented for calculating forces, bending stresses, contact stresses, and permissible stress values for bevel gear design. Diagrams illustrate bevel gear geometry, terminology, and force analysis. The document is intended to inform the design of bevel gear elements and machine components.
REPORT ON QUALITY CONTROL BY REDUCING REJECTION DUE TO CHIP IMPRESSIONHardik Ramani
This document is a project report submitted by Ramani Hardik V. and Bhesdadiya Parag M. to their professor V.B. Patel at U.V. Patel College of Engineering. The report examines quality control issues related to chip impressions causing rejection of gears during manufacturing at Mahindra Gears & Transmission Pvt. Shaper.Rajkot. The document includes an introduction of the company, definitions of gear terminology, descriptions of gear manufacturing processes like hobbing, and analysis of rejection data through tables and Pareto charts to identify sources of chip impressions.
1. The document provides an introduction to different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, and bevel gears. It discusses key terms used in gears such as pitch circle, pressure angle, addendum, and defines formulas for calculating values like circular pitch and diametral pitch.
2. Design considerations for gear drives are outlined, including power transmitted, speeds, velocity ratio and center distance. Strength calculations using the Lewis equation and factors for dynamic loading and wear are also covered.
3. The summary provides an overview of the main topics and concepts discussed in the gear document.
Gears are used to transmit motion between parallel or non-parallel shafts. The document discusses different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. It describes gear terminology such as pitch circle, diametral pitch, pressure angle, and contact ratio. Cycloidal and involute tooth profiles are examined, with involute gears being more commonly used. Interference, gear trains, and automotive transmissions are also summarized.
The Analysis of The Effect of System Parameters on the RV Reducer Dynamic Cha...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In order to ensure the motion accuracy, transmission efficiency and load carrying capacity of the robot with high precision RV reducer, under the condition of certain parameters, this paper analyzes the contact deformation relationship of the cycloidal gears in theory, the engaging force of the needle teeth, and then obtain the number of teeth when the cycloidal wheel and the needle wheel match wtih each other at the same time. The model of RV-80E reducer was established by using SolidWorks software, and then use the ADAMS to do the dynamics simulation . In this situation, The effect of the meshing force between cycloidal and needle teeth in RV reducer is explored when changing a single parameter such as short range coefficient、the radius of needle tooth’s center circle、the radius of needle tooth、the teeth’s number of cycloidal gear. Then find the best range of parameters to ensure the force between cycloidal and needle teeth .It provides useful conclusions for improving the performance of the overall transmission stability and carrying capacity of the gear unit. It also provides a reference for research methods on dynamics problems which use the virtual prototyping ,and have great significance for the production and design of RV reducer in the future.
This document discusses gears manufacturing. It begins by defining gears and their purposes, which include transmitting rotational motion between parallel shafts. It then describes common gear types like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. For each gear type, it provides examples of their uses and illustrations. The document also covers gear design considerations like pitch, teeth design, terminology, and calculating velocity ratios. It aims to provide an overview of the basics of different gears and their manufacturing.
The document discusses gear drive systems, specifically focusing on fundamental gear operation and maintenance. It covers why gears are used for power transmission, the basics of how gears transmit motion through conjugate action, common gear tooth profiles like involute and cycloidal curves, and considerations for gear design and lubrication. Involute tooth profiles are most widely used due to advantages like simple manufacturing, ability to transmit motion at varying center distances, and constant pressure angle providing smooth operation. Proper lubrication and avoiding interference or undercutting are important for gear performance and lifespan.
This document discusses spur gear machine design and is submitted by a group of students. It covers topics such as the definition of spur gears, classifications of gears according to axis position and peripheral velocity, advantages and disadvantages of gears, terms used in gears including pitch circle and pressure angle, and the law of gearing which states that the common normal at the point of contact between gear teeth must pass through the pitch point. References for further information are also provided.
This document discusses gear transmissions. It begins by explaining that slippage commonly occurs in belt or chain drives, reducing the speed ratio between two shafts. Precise machines like clocks require a definitive speed ratio, which can only be achieved with gears. Gears are also needed when the distance between the drive and driven components is very small. The document then discusses various types of gears, classified by position of shafts, surface speed, drive method, and tooth placement. It provides terminology used in gears like pitch circle, pitch point, pressure angle, and explains involute and cycloidal tooth profiles that satisfy the constant velocity ratio condition.
This document provides definitions for common gear terminology used in gear design and calculation. It defines key terms like module, which is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth and appears in many gear calculation formulas. It also defines other important terms like reference diameter, center distance, and pressure angle. The reference diameter connects to other parameters and is used in gear ratios to calculate the turning of two engaged gears. Finally, it notes that properly matching gears have the same module and pressure angle.
spur gear.pptx, type of gear and design of gearhaymanot16
Gears are used to transmit power between two shafts and can precisely control velocity ratios. Belts and chains are used for larger center distances while gears are used for smaller distances. Gears work by the progressive engagement of teeth and precisely mesh the teeth profiles to maintain a constant velocity ratio between the driving and driven shafts. Gears offer advantages like compact size, positive drives, wide speed ratios and ability to transmit power over varying shaft configurations but require precise alignment and lubrication.
The document discusses different types of gears including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. It provides details on gear terminology, how forces are transmitted through gears, and the design of gear boxes. Key points covered include types of gears, gear nomenclature, how gear profile is constructed, standard gear teeth dimensions, gear trains, planetary gear trains, and equations for transmitted load and bending strength of gear teeth.
The document discusses different types of gears including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. It provides details on gear terminology, how forces are transmitted through gears, and the design of gear boxes. Key points covered include types of gears, gear nomenclature, how gear profile is constructed, standard gear teeth dimensions, gear trains, planetary gear trains, and formulas for transmitted load and bending strength of gear teeth.
Gears presentation.pptindia is the upcoming leaderjoydevmanna1
The document discusses different types of gears including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. It provides details on gear terminology, how forces are transmitted through gears, and the design of gear boxes. Key points covered include types of gears, gear nomenclature, how gear profile is constructed, standard gear teeth dimensions, gear trains, planetary gear trains, and equations for transmitted load and bending strength of gear teeth.
The document discusses different types of gears including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. It provides details on gear terminology, how forces are transmitted through gears, and the design of gear boxes. Key points covered include types of gears, gear nomenclature, how gear profile is constructed, standard gear teeth dimensions, gear trains, planetary gear trains, and equations for transmitted load and bending strength of gear teeth.
Gear trains are used to change the speed or torque of a rotating device. Gear trains use gears instead of belts or chains, which can allow slip. Gears come in many types for different applications like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. The gear tooth form is typically involute to ensure contact over the entire tooth width. Gear design considers parameters like pressure angle, pitch, modules, and contact ratio. Compound and reverted gear trains can achieve high speed reductions using multiple gear stages.
Helical and spur gears are types of gears that can be used to transmit torque between parallel shafts. Spur gears have straight teeth parallel to the shaft axis, while helical gears have teeth wrapped in a helix around the gear. Helical gears provide a smoother drive than spur gears due to their gradual engagement of teeth. Key terminology for gears includes pitch circle, pitch diameter, addendum, dedendum, diametral pitch, and module. Gears can be classified based on shaft positioning, peripheral velocity, and type of gearing such as external, internal, rack and pinion.
Power transmission involves moving energy from where it is generated to where it is used, typically via belts, ropes, chains, gears and other mechanisms. Gears transmit rotational motion and can change the speed or direction of movement. Gears mesh together via their teeth and come in different types depending on the orientation of their axes, such as spur gears for parallel shafts, helical gears which engage more smoothly than spur gears, and bevel gears for perpendicular shafts. Gears are classified based on their application and configuration of teeth. Proper gear design and terminology ensures efficient power transmission.
The document discusses gear drives and gearboxes. It provides an overview of gear terminology, types of gears, gear profiles like involute and cycloidal curves, gear manufacturing processes like hobbing and shaping, and considerations for gear design such as interference and undercutting. The key points are that gears transmit motion and power between rotating shafts via their teeth, involute profiles are most commonly used due to advantages like constant velocity ratio, and hobbing is a widely-used machining process for gear tooth formation.
Gears can be classified in three ways: by shaft position (parallel, intersecting, non-parallel/non-intersecting), velocity (low, medium, high), and type (external, internal, rack and pinion). Common gears include spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and crown gears. Gears are also classified by materials like aluminum, brass, magnesium, and steel. Aluminum gears are lightweight while brass gears are low-cost. Steel gears are used for medium power applications and cast iron for large, moderate power gears.
This document discusses various topics related to gear design including:
1. It describes the main types of gears - spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears.
2. It explains gear terminology like pitch circle, diametral pitch, pressure angle, and provides formulas for calculating gear parameters.
3. It discusses factors that influence gear strength like surface hardness, dynamic loads, mounting, and reliability. Standard equations are presented for calculating the allowable bending stress that considers these factors.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
1. The document provides an introduction to different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, and bevel gears. It discusses key terms used in gears such as pitch circle, pressure angle, addendum, and defines formulas for calculating values like circular pitch and diametral pitch.
2. Design considerations for gear drives are outlined, including power transmitted, speeds, velocity ratio and center distance. Strength calculations using the Lewis equation and factors for dynamic loading and wear are also covered.
3. The summary provides an overview of the main topics and concepts discussed in the gear document.
Gears are used to transmit motion between parallel or non-parallel shafts. The document discusses different types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. It describes gear terminology such as pitch circle, diametral pitch, pressure angle, and contact ratio. Cycloidal and involute tooth profiles are examined, with involute gears being more commonly used. Interference, gear trains, and automotive transmissions are also summarized.
The Analysis of The Effect of System Parameters on the RV Reducer Dynamic Cha...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In order to ensure the motion accuracy, transmission efficiency and load carrying capacity of the robot with high precision RV reducer, under the condition of certain parameters, this paper analyzes the contact deformation relationship of the cycloidal gears in theory, the engaging force of the needle teeth, and then obtain the number of teeth when the cycloidal wheel and the needle wheel match wtih each other at the same time. The model of RV-80E reducer was established by using SolidWorks software, and then use the ADAMS to do the dynamics simulation . In this situation, The effect of the meshing force between cycloidal and needle teeth in RV reducer is explored when changing a single parameter such as short range coefficient、the radius of needle tooth’s center circle、the radius of needle tooth、the teeth’s number of cycloidal gear. Then find the best range of parameters to ensure the force between cycloidal and needle teeth .It provides useful conclusions for improving the performance of the overall transmission stability and carrying capacity of the gear unit. It also provides a reference for research methods on dynamics problems which use the virtual prototyping ,and have great significance for the production and design of RV reducer in the future.
This document discusses gears manufacturing. It begins by defining gears and their purposes, which include transmitting rotational motion between parallel shafts. It then describes common gear types like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack and pinion gears. For each gear type, it provides examples of their uses and illustrations. The document also covers gear design considerations like pitch, teeth design, terminology, and calculating velocity ratios. It aims to provide an overview of the basics of different gears and their manufacturing.
The document discusses gear drive systems, specifically focusing on fundamental gear operation and maintenance. It covers why gears are used for power transmission, the basics of how gears transmit motion through conjugate action, common gear tooth profiles like involute and cycloidal curves, and considerations for gear design and lubrication. Involute tooth profiles are most widely used due to advantages like simple manufacturing, ability to transmit motion at varying center distances, and constant pressure angle providing smooth operation. Proper lubrication and avoiding interference or undercutting are important for gear performance and lifespan.
This document discusses spur gear machine design and is submitted by a group of students. It covers topics such as the definition of spur gears, classifications of gears according to axis position and peripheral velocity, advantages and disadvantages of gears, terms used in gears including pitch circle and pressure angle, and the law of gearing which states that the common normal at the point of contact between gear teeth must pass through the pitch point. References for further information are also provided.
This document discusses gear transmissions. It begins by explaining that slippage commonly occurs in belt or chain drives, reducing the speed ratio between two shafts. Precise machines like clocks require a definitive speed ratio, which can only be achieved with gears. Gears are also needed when the distance between the drive and driven components is very small. The document then discusses various types of gears, classified by position of shafts, surface speed, drive method, and tooth placement. It provides terminology used in gears like pitch circle, pitch point, pressure angle, and explains involute and cycloidal tooth profiles that satisfy the constant velocity ratio condition.
This document provides definitions for common gear terminology used in gear design and calculation. It defines key terms like module, which is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth and appears in many gear calculation formulas. It also defines other important terms like reference diameter, center distance, and pressure angle. The reference diameter connects to other parameters and is used in gear ratios to calculate the turning of two engaged gears. Finally, it notes that properly matching gears have the same module and pressure angle.
spur gear.pptx, type of gear and design of gearhaymanot16
Gears are used to transmit power between two shafts and can precisely control velocity ratios. Belts and chains are used for larger center distances while gears are used for smaller distances. Gears work by the progressive engagement of teeth and precisely mesh the teeth profiles to maintain a constant velocity ratio between the driving and driven shafts. Gears offer advantages like compact size, positive drives, wide speed ratios and ability to transmit power over varying shaft configurations but require precise alignment and lubrication.
The document discusses different types of gears including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. It provides details on gear terminology, how forces are transmitted through gears, and the design of gear boxes. Key points covered include types of gears, gear nomenclature, how gear profile is constructed, standard gear teeth dimensions, gear trains, planetary gear trains, and equations for transmitted load and bending strength of gear teeth.
The document discusses different types of gears including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. It provides details on gear terminology, how forces are transmitted through gears, and the design of gear boxes. Key points covered include types of gears, gear nomenclature, how gear profile is constructed, standard gear teeth dimensions, gear trains, planetary gear trains, and formulas for transmitted load and bending strength of gear teeth.
Gears presentation.pptindia is the upcoming leaderjoydevmanna1
The document discusses different types of gears including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. It provides details on gear terminology, how forces are transmitted through gears, and the design of gear boxes. Key points covered include types of gears, gear nomenclature, how gear profile is constructed, standard gear teeth dimensions, gear trains, planetary gear trains, and equations for transmitted load and bending strength of gear teeth.
The document discusses different types of gears including spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears. It provides details on gear terminology, how forces are transmitted through gears, and the design of gear boxes. Key points covered include types of gears, gear nomenclature, how gear profile is constructed, standard gear teeth dimensions, gear trains, planetary gear trains, and equations for transmitted load and bending strength of gear teeth.
Gear trains are used to change the speed or torque of a rotating device. Gear trains use gears instead of belts or chains, which can allow slip. Gears come in many types for different applications like spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. The gear tooth form is typically involute to ensure contact over the entire tooth width. Gear design considers parameters like pressure angle, pitch, modules, and contact ratio. Compound and reverted gear trains can achieve high speed reductions using multiple gear stages.
Helical and spur gears are types of gears that can be used to transmit torque between parallel shafts. Spur gears have straight teeth parallel to the shaft axis, while helical gears have teeth wrapped in a helix around the gear. Helical gears provide a smoother drive than spur gears due to their gradual engagement of teeth. Key terminology for gears includes pitch circle, pitch diameter, addendum, dedendum, diametral pitch, and module. Gears can be classified based on shaft positioning, peripheral velocity, and type of gearing such as external, internal, rack and pinion.
Power transmission involves moving energy from where it is generated to where it is used, typically via belts, ropes, chains, gears and other mechanisms. Gears transmit rotational motion and can change the speed or direction of movement. Gears mesh together via their teeth and come in different types depending on the orientation of their axes, such as spur gears for parallel shafts, helical gears which engage more smoothly than spur gears, and bevel gears for perpendicular shafts. Gears are classified based on their application and configuration of teeth. Proper gear design and terminology ensures efficient power transmission.
The document discusses gear drives and gearboxes. It provides an overview of gear terminology, types of gears, gear profiles like involute and cycloidal curves, gear manufacturing processes like hobbing and shaping, and considerations for gear design such as interference and undercutting. The key points are that gears transmit motion and power between rotating shafts via their teeth, involute profiles are most commonly used due to advantages like constant velocity ratio, and hobbing is a widely-used machining process for gear tooth formation.
Gears can be classified in three ways: by shaft position (parallel, intersecting, non-parallel/non-intersecting), velocity (low, medium, high), and type (external, internal, rack and pinion). Common gears include spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and crown gears. Gears are also classified by materials like aluminum, brass, magnesium, and steel. Aluminum gears are lightweight while brass gears are low-cost. Steel gears are used for medium power applications and cast iron for large, moderate power gears.
This document discusses various topics related to gear design including:
1. It describes the main types of gears - spur, helical, bevel, and worm gears.
2. It explains gear terminology like pitch circle, diametral pitch, pressure angle, and provides formulas for calculating gear parameters.
3. It discusses factors that influence gear strength like surface hardness, dynamic loads, mounting, and reliability. Standard equations are presented for calculating the allowable bending stress that considers these factors.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document provides equations and concepts related to stresses in mechanical elements. It includes equations for normal and shear stresses in simple members under tension and bending. It also provides locations of the neutral axis and distances to the outer surfaces for common cross sections. Additional sections cover stresses in curved beams, torsion in shafts, stresses in gears and pulleys, and equations for power screws and threaded fasteners.
This document provides information about different types of gears including spur gears. It discusses the components, terminology, and design considerations for spur gears. The key points are:
1) Spur gears provide power transmission between parallel shafts at a constant velocity ratio. They are simple and inexpensive but require precise alignment.
2) Important gear components discussed include pitch circles, addendum, dedendum, module, and pressure angle.
3) Designing gears involves calculating strength and dynamic load capacity to determine the proper module and face width. The Lewis equation is used to calculate load capacity.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
2. 1. Design of Spur Gears
2. Helical Gears
3. Bevel Gears
4. Worm Gears
5. Brakes
6. Sliding Contact Bearings
7. Rolling Contact Bearings
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 2
4. 1. Introduction
2. Friction Wheels
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Gear Drives
4. Classification of Gears
5. Terms used in Gears
6. Condition for Constant Velocity Ratio of Gears–Law of Gearing
7. Forms of Teeth
8. Cycloidal Teeth
9. Involute Teeth
10. Comparison Between Involute and Cycloidal Gears
11. Systems of Gear Teeth
12. Standard Proportions of Gear Systems
13. Interference in Involute Gears
1) Spur Gears
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 4
5. 14. Minimum Number of Teeth on the Pinion in order to Avoid Interference
15. Gear Materials
16. Design Considerations for a Gear Drive
17. Beam Strength of Gear Teeth- Lewis Equation
18. Permissible Working Stress for Gear Teeth in Lewis Equation
19. Dynamic Tooth Load
20. Static Tooth Load
21. Wear Tooth Load
22. Causes of Gear Tooth Failure
23. Design Procedure for Spur Gears
24. Spur Gear Construction
25. Design of Shaft for Spur Gears
26. Design of Arms for Spur Gears
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 5
6. 1. Introduction
➢ In precision machines, in which a definite velocity ratio is
of importance, the only positive drive is by gears or toothed
wheels.
➢ A gear drive is also provided, when the distance between
the driver and the follower is very small.
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 6
7. 2. Friction Wheels
➢ In order to avoid the slipping, a number of projections (called teeth)
as are provided on the periphery of the wheel A which will fit into the
corresponding recesses on the periphery of the wheel B.
➢ A friction wheel with the teeth cut on it is known as gear or toothed
wheel.
➢ The usual connection to show the toothed wheels is by their pitch
circles.
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 7
8. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Gear Drives
Advantages
1. It transmits exact velocity ratio.
2. It may be used to transmit large power.
3. It may be used for small centre distances of shafts.
4. It has high efficiency.
5. It has reliable service.
6. It has compact layout.
Disadvantages
1. Since the manufacture of gears require special tools and equipment, therefore
it is costlier than other drives.
2. The error in cutting teeth may cause vibrations and noise during operation.
3. It requires suitable lubricant and reliable method of applying it, for the proper
operation of gear drives.
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 8
9. 4. Classification of Gears
1. According to the position of axes of the shafts
(a) Parallel (b) Intersecting (c) Non-intersecting and non-parallel.
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 9
10. 2. According to the peripheral velocity of the gears
(a) Low velocity (b) Medium velocity (c) High velocity
3. According to the type of gearing
(a) External gearing (b) Internal gearing (c) Rack and pinion.
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 10
11. ➢ In internal gearing, the larger wheel is called annular wheel and the
smaller wheel is called pinion.
➢ Sometimes, the gear of a shaft meshes externally and internally with the
gears in a straight line, as shown in Fig. Such a type of gear is called
rack and pinion.
➢ The straight line gear is called rack and the circular wheel is called
pinion.
4. According to the position of teeth on the gear surface
(a) Straight (b) Inclined (c) Curved.
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 11
12. 5. Terms used in Gears
1. Pitch circle
✓ It is an imaginary circle which by pure rolling action, would give the same
motion as the actual gear.
2. Pitch circle diameter
✓ It is the diameter of the pitch circle. The size of the gear is usually specified by
the pitch circle diameter. It is also called as pitch diameter.
3. Pitch point
✓ It is a common point of contact between two pitch circles.
4. Pitch surface
✓ It is the surface of the rolling discs which the meshing gears have replaced at
the pitch circle.
5. Pressure angle or angle of obliquity
✓ It is the angle between the common normal to two gear teeth at the point of
contact and the common tangent at the pitch point. It is usually denoted by φ.
The standard pressure angles are 14 1/2° and 20°.
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 12
13. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 13
6. Addendum
✓ It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth.
7. Dedendum.
✓ It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the bottom of the
tooth.
8. Addendum circle
✓ It is the circle drawn through the top of the teeth and is concentric with the
✓ pitch circle.
9. Dedendum circle
✓ It is the circle drawn through the bottom of the teeth. It is also called root
✓ circle.
Root circle diameter = Pitch circle diameter × cos φ
where φ = pressure angle
14. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 14
10. Circular pitch
✓ It is the distance measured on the circumference of the pitch circle from a point of
one tooth to the corresponding point on the next tooth. It is usually denoted by pc.
Circular pitch, pc = π D/T
where D = Diameter of the pitch circle
T = Number of teeth on the wheel
21. 10. Comparison Between Involute and Cycloidal Gears
Advantages of involute gears
➢ The most important advantage of the involute gears is that the
centre distance for a pair of involute gears can be varied within
limits without changing the velocity ratio.
➢ This is not true for cycloidal gears which requires exact centre
distance to be maintained.
➢ In involute gears, the pressure angle, from the start of the
engagement of teeth to the end of the engagement, remains
constant.
➢ It is necessary for smooth running and less wear of gears.
➢ But in cycloidal gears, the pressure angle is maximum at the
beginning of engagement, reduces to zero at pitch point, starts
increasing and again becomes maximum at the end of
engagement. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 21
22. ➢ This results in less smooth running of gears.
➢ The face and flank of involute teeth are generated by a single
curve whereas in cycloidal gears, double curves (i.e. epicycloid
and hypocycloid) are required for the face and flank
respectively.
➢ Thus the involute teeth are easy to manufacture than cycloidal
teeth.
➢ In involute system, the basic rack has straight teeth and the
same can be cut with simple tools.
➢ The only disadvantage of the involute teeth is that the
interference occurs with pinions having smaller number of
teeth.
➢ This may be avoided by altering the heights of addendum and
dedendum of the mating teeth or the angle of obliquity of the
teeth. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 22
23. Advantages of cycloidal gears
➢ Since the cycloidal teeth have wider flanks, therefore the
cycloidal gears are stronger than the involute gears for the same
pitch.
➢ Due to this reason, the cycloidal teeth are preferred specially
for cast teeth.
➢ In cycloidal gears, the contact takes place between a convex
flank and concave surface, whereas in involute gears, the
convex surfaces are in contact.
➢ This condition results in less wear in cycloidal gears as
compared to involute gears.
➢ However the difference in wear is negligible.
➢ In cycloidal gears, the interference does not occur at all.
➢ Though there are advantages of cycloidal gears but they are
outweighed by the greater simplicity and flexibility of the
involute gears.
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 23
24. 11. Systems of Gear Teeth
1. 14 1/2° Composite system
2. 14 1/2° Full depth involute system
3. 20° Full depth involute system
4. 20° Stub involute system
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 24
28. 14. Minimum Number of Teeth on the Pinion in Order
to Avoid Interference
D R . A U N G K O L A T T 28
29. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 29
15. Gear Materials
30. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 30
16. Design Considerations for a Gear Drive
31. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 31
17. Beam Strength of Gear Teeth – Lewis Equation
WN = normal load
WT = tangential component
WR = radial component
➢ WN is resolved into two components, WT and WR acting
perpendicular and parallel to the centre line of the tooth.
➢ WT induces a bending stress which tends to break the
tooth.
➢ WR induces a compressive stress of relatively small
magnitude, therefore it can be neglected.
36. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 36
19. Dynamic Tooth Load
The dynamic loads are due to the following reasons :
1. Inaccuracies of tooth spacing
2. Irregularities in tooth profiles
3. Deflections of teeth under load
45. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 45
22. Causes of Gear Tooth Failure
1. Bending failure
➢ Every gear tooth acts as a cantilever.
➢ If the total repetitive dynamic load acting on the gear tooth is greater
than the beam strength of the gear tooth, then the gear tooth will fail in
bending, i.e. the gear tooth will break.
➢ In order to avoid such failure, the module and face width of the gear is
adjusted so that the beam strength is greater than the dynamic load.
2. Pitting
➢ It is the surface fatigue failure which occurs due to many repetition of
Hertz contact stresses.
➢ The failure occurs when the surface contact stresses are higher than the
endurance limit of the material.
➢ The failure starts with the formation of pits which continue to grow
resulting in the rupture of the tooth surface.
➢ In order to avoid the pitting, the dynamic load between the gear tooth
should be less than the wear strength of the gear tooth.
46. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 46
3. Scoring
➢ The excessive heat is generated when there is an excessive surface
pressure, high speed or supply of lubricant fails.
➢ It is a stick-slip phenomenon in which alternate shearing and welding
takes place rapidly at high spots.
➢ This type of failure can be avoided by properly designing the parameters
such as speed, pressure and proper flow of the lubricant, so that the
temperature at the rubbing faces is within the permissible limits.
4. Abrasive wear
➢ The foreign particles in the lubricants such as dirt, dust or burr enter
between the tooth and damage the form of tooth.
➢ This type of failure can be avoided by providing filters for the
lubricating oil or by using high viscosity lubricant oil which enables the
formation of thicker oil film and hence permits easy passage of such
particles without damaging the gear surface.
47. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 47
5. Corrosive wear
➢ The corrosion of the tooth surfaces is mainly caused due to the presence
of corrosive elements such as additives present in the lubricating oils.
➢ In order to avoid this type of wear, proper anti-corrosive additives
should be used.
48. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 48
23. Design Procedure for Spur Gears
51. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 51
Example 1
The following particulars of a single reduction spur gear are given :
Gear ratio = 10 : 1; Distance between centres = 660 mm approximately;
Pinion transmits 500 kW at 1800 rpm.; Involute teeth of standard
proportions (addendum = m) with pressure angle of 22.5°; Permissible
normal pressure between teeth = 175 N per mm of width. Find -
1. The nearest standard module if no interference is to occur;
2. The number of teeth on each wheel;
3. The necessary width of the pinion; and
4. The load on the bearings of the wheels due to power transmitted.
G = TG / TP = DG / DP = 10 ; L = 660 mm ; P = 500 kW = 500 × 103 W ;
NP = 1800 rpm. ; φ = 22.5° ; WN = 175 N/mm width
53. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 53
Example 2
A bronze spur pinion rotating at 600 rpm. drives a cast iron spur gear at a
transmission ratio of 4 : 1. The allowable static stresses for the bronze
pinion and cast iron gear are 84 MPa and 105 MPa respectively. The pinion
has 16 standard 20° full depth involute teeth of module 8 mm. The face
width of both the gears is 90 mm. Find the power that can be transmitted
from the standpoint of strength.
NP = 600 rpm. ; VR = TG / TP = 4 ; σOP = 84 MPa = 84 N/ mm2 ;
σOG = 105 MPa = 105 N/mm2 ; TP = 16 ; m = 8 mm ; b = 90 mm
55. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 55
Example 3
A pair of straight teeth spur gears is to transmit 20 kW when the pinion
rotates at 300 rpm. The velocity ratio is 1 : 3. The allowable static stresses
for the pinion and gear materials are 120 MPa and 100 MPa respectively.
The pinion has 15 teeth and its face width is 14 times the module.
Determine – 1. module; 2. face width; and 3. pitch circle diameters of both
the pinion and the gear from the standpoint of strength only, taking into
consideration the effect of the dynamic loading. The tooth form factor y can
be taken as
P = 20 kW = 20 × 103 W ; NP = 300 rpm. ; V.R. = TG / TP =3 ;
σOP = 120 MPa = 120 N/mm2 ; σOG = 100 MPa = 100 N/mm2 ; TP = 15 ;
b = 14 module = 14 m
57. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 57
Example 4
A gear drive is required to transmit a maximum power of 22.5 kW. The
velocity ratio is 1:2 and rpm of the pinion is 200. The approximate centre
distance between the shafts may be taken as 600 mm. The teeth has 20°
stub involute profiles. The static stress for the gear material (which is cast
iron) may be taken as 60 MPa and face width as 10 times the module. Find
the module, face width and number of teeth on each gear. Check the design
for dynamic and wear loads. The deformation or dynamic factor in the
Buckingham equation may be taken as 80 and the material combination
factor for the wear as 1.4.
P = 22.5 kW = 22 500 W; VR= DG/DP = 2 ; NP = 200 rpm ; L = 600 mm ;
σOP = σOG = 60 MPa = 60 N/mm2 ; b = 10 m ; C = 80 ; K = 1.4
Let m = Module in mm
Centre distance between the shafts (L),
62. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 62
Example 5
A pair of straight teeth spur gears, having 20° involute full depth teeth is to
transmit 12 kW at 300 rpm of the pinion. The speed ratio is 3 : 1. The
allowable static stresses for gear of cast iron and pinion of steel are 60 MPa
and 105 MPa respectively. Assume the following:
Number of teeth of pinion = 16; Face width = 14 times module;
v being the pitch line velocity in m / s; and
Determine the module, face width and pitch diameter of gears. Check the
gears for wear; given σes = 600 MPa; EP = 200 kN/mm2 and EG = 100
kN/mm2.
63. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 63
φ = 20°; P = 12 kW = 12 × 103 W ; NP = 300 rpm ; VR = TG / TP = 3 ;
σOG = 60 MPa = 60 N/mm2 ; σOP = 105 MPa = 105 N/mm2 ; TP = 16;
b = 14 module = 14 m ; σes = 600 MPa = 600 N/mm2 ;
EP = 200 kN/mm2 = 200 × 103 N/mm2 ;
EG = 100 kN/mm2 = 100 × 103 N/mm2
67. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 67
Example 6
A reciprocating compressor is to be connected to an electric motor with the
help of spur gears. The distance between the shafts is to be 500 mm. The
speed of the electric motor is 900 rpm and the speed of the compressor
shaft is desired to be 200 rpm. The torque, to be transmitted is 5000 N-m.
Taking starting torque as 25% more than the normal torque, determine :
1. Module and face width of the gears using 20 degrees stub teeth
2. Number of teeth and pitch circle diameter of each gear.
Assume suitable values of velocity factor and Lewis factor.
L = 500 mm ; NM = 900 rpm. ; NC = 200 rpm ; T = 5000 N-m ;
Tmax = 1.25 T
71. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 71
24. Spur Gear Construction
➢ The gear construction may have different designs depending upon the
size and its application.
➢ When the dedendum circle diameter is slightly greater than the shaft
diameter, then the pinion teeth are cut integral with the shaft as shown in
Fig.(a).
➢ If the pitch circle diameter of the pinion is less than or equal to 14.75 m
+ 60 mm (where m is the module in mm), then the pinion is made solid
with uniform thickness equal to the face width, as shown in Fig.(b).
➢ Small gears upto 250 mm pitch circle diameter are built with a web,
which joins the hub and the rim.
➢ The web thickness is generally equal to half the circular pitch or it may
be taken as 1.6 m to 1.9 m, where m is the module.
➢ The web may be made solid as shown in Fig.(c) or may have recesses in
order to reduce its weight.
75. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 75
➢ The hub diameter is kept as 1.8 times the shaft diameter for steel gears,
twice the shaft diameter for cast iron gears and 1.65 times the shaft
diameter for forged steel gears used for light service.
➢ The length of the hub is kept as 1.25 times the shaft diameter for light
service and should not be less than the face width of the gear.
➢ The thickness of the gear rim should be as small as possible, but to
facilitate casting and to avoid sharp changes of section, the minimum
thickness of the rim is generally kept as half of the circular pitch (or it
may be taken as 1.6 m to 1.9 m, where m is the module).
➢ The thickness of rim (tR) may also be calculated by using the following
relation.
➢ The rim should be provided with a circumferential rib of thickness equal
to the rim thickness.
76. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 76
25. Design of Shaft for Spur Gears
➢ If the pitch circle diameter of the pinion is less than or equal to 14.75 m
+ 60 mm (where m is the module in mm), then the pinion is made solid
with uniform thickness equal to the face width, as shown in Fig.(b).
➢ Small gears upto 250 mm pitch circle diameter are built with a web,
which joins the hub and the rim.
➢ The web thickness is generally equal to half the circular pitch or it may
be taken as 1.6 m to 1.9 m, where m is the module.
➢ The web may be made solid as shown in Fig.(c) or may have recesses in
order to reduce its weight.
79. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 79
26. Design of Arms for Spur Gears
➢ The cross-section of the arms is calculated by assuming them as a
cantilever beam fixed at the hub and loaded at the pitch circle.
➢ Assume that the load is equally distributed to all the arms.
➢ The stalling load is a load that will develop the maximum stress in the
arms and in the teeth.
➢ This happens at zero velocity, when the drive just starts operating.
81. D R . A U N G K O L A T T 81
Example 7
A motor shaft rotating at 1500 rpm. has to transmit 15 kW to a low speed
shaft with a speed reduction of 3:1. The teeth are 14 1/2 involute with 25
teeth on the pinion. Both the pinion and gear are made of steel with a
maximum safe stress of 200 MPa. A safe stress of 40 MPa may be taken for
the shaft on which the gear is mounted and for the key. Design a spur gear
drive to suit the above conditions. Assume starting torque to be 25% higher
than the running torque.
NP = 1500 rpm ; P = 15 kW = 15 × 103 W ; VR = TG/TP = 3 ; φ = 14 1/2° ;
TP = 25 ; σOP = σOG = 200 MPa = 200 N/mm2 ; τ = 40 MPa = 40 N/mm2