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The document discusses the present passive system in Latin. It explains the active and passive voice, how to form the present, imperfect, and future passive tenses, and provides conjugated examples of verbs in these tenses. It also includes sample Latin sentences and their English translations.
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17 grammar
- 2. Voice There are two options for the voice of the verb: and Active voice verbs are used in sentences were the subject is doing the action: The passive voice is used in sentences where the action is being done by the subject:
- 4. Present Personal Endings ACTIVE ENDINGS Person Ending I -o / -m You -s He/She/it -t We -mus You all -tis They -nt PASSIVE ENDINGS Person Ending I -r You -ris He/She/it -tur We -mur You all -mini They -ntur • Passive Ending Chant • Translate as ‘is being ____ed’
- 5. Present Passives Conjugated 1st conjugation 2nd conjugation 3rd conjugation 3rd io conjugation 4th conjugation amor habeor mittor excipio audior amaris haberis mitteris exciperis audiris amatur habetur mittitur excipitur auditur amamur habemur mittimur excipimur audimur amamini habemini mittimini excipimini audimini amantur habentur mittuntur excipiuntur audiuntur
- 7. Imperfect Personal Endings ACTIVE ENDINGS Person Ending I -bam You -bas He/She/it -bat We -bamus You all -batis They -bant PASSIVE ENDINGS Person Ending I -bar You -baris He/She/it batur We -bamur You all -bamini They -bantur • Translate as ‘was being ____ed’
- 8. Imperfect Passive Conjugated 1st conjugation 2nd conjugation 3rd conjugation 3rd io conjugation 4th conjugation amabar habebar mittebar excipiebar audiebar amabaris habebaris mittebaris excipiebaris audiebaris amabatur habebatur mittebatur excipiebatur audiebatur amabamur habebamur mittebamur excipiebamur audiebamur amabamini habebamini mittebamini excipiebamini audiebamini amabantur habebantur mittebantur excipiebantur audiebantur
- 10. Future Personal Endings ACTIVE ENDINGS Person Ending ½ Ending ¾ I -bo -am You -bis -es He/She/it -bit -et We -bimus -emus You all -bitis -etis They -bunt -ent PASSIVE ENDINGS Person Ending ½ Ending ¾ I -bor -ar You -beris -eris He/She/it -bitur -etur We -bimur -emur You all -bimini -emini They -buntur -entur • Translate as ‘will be ____ed’
- 11. Future Passive Conjugated 1st conjugation 2nd conjugation 3rd conjugation 3rd io conjugation 4th conjugation amabor habebor mittar excipiar audiar amaberis habeberis mitteris excipieris audieris amabitur habebitur mittetur excipietur audietur amabimur habebimur mittemur excipiemur audiemur amabimini habebimini mittemini excipiemini audiemini amabuntur habebuntur mittentur excipientur audientur
- 12. Exercise 17.3 #1-4 1. cotidie nuntii peiores Venusiam Romā afferebantur. 2. Flaccus his rumoribus magnopere commouebatur. 3. cum amicis in tabernā sedebat, quibus nuntius nouus allatus erat. 4. Flaccus ‘quid dicitis?’ inquit. ‘respublica in bellum ciuile iterum trahitur, nec ius nec leges ualebunt.’
- 13. Exercise 17.4 #1-4 1. Theomnestus multos iuuenes in Academiā docuit. 2. Marcus multum argentum consumpserat. 3. ego patris mei mortem uindecabo. 4. Cicero solus rempublicam defendit.
- 14. Exercise Translations 17.3.1: Everyday worse messages were being brought to Venusia from Rome. 17.3.2: Flaccus was greatly moved by these rumors. 17.3.3: He was sitting with his friends, to whom a new message had been brought. in a bar. 17.3.4: Flaccus said, “What do you all say? The Republic is being dragged into civil war again, neither justice nor laws will be well.” 17.4.1: multi iuuenes in Academia a Themonesto docti sunt. Many young men were taught in the Academy by Theomnestus. 17.4.2: multum argentum a Marco consumptum erat. Much money had been consumed by Marcus. 17.4.3: mors patris mei a me uindicabitur. The death of my father will be avenged by me. 17.4.4: respublica a Cicerone solo defensa est. The Republic was defended by Cicero alone.