This document discusses lingualized occlusion and setting maxillary and mandibular anterior denture teeth. It describes positioning the anterior teeth to achieve bilateral balance, proper lip support, phonetics, and esthetics. The central incisors are placed first using landmarks on the casts. The lateral incisors and cuspids are then positioned slightly above the occlusal plane with distal inclinations. The mandibular anteriors are placed with 1-2mm of vertical and horizontal overlap to allow for functional movements while minimizing forces on the ridges.
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Neutral Zone
In dentistry, the neutral zone refers to that space in the oral cavity where the forces exerted by the musculature.of.the tongue are equal and balanced with the.forces exerted by the buccinators.muscle of the cheek.laterally and the orbicularis.oris muscle anteriorly
A presentation on the instructions to be given to complete denture patients at the insertion appointment. Dealing with patients can be hard at times but with a proper approach, a strong rapport can be formed with the patient.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Neutral Zone
In dentistry, the neutral zone refers to that space in the oral cavity where the forces exerted by the musculature.of.the tongue are equal and balanced with the.forces exerted by the buccinators.muscle of the cheek.laterally and the orbicularis.oris muscle anteriorly
A presentation on the instructions to be given to complete denture patients at the insertion appointment. Dealing with patients can be hard at times but with a proper approach, a strong rapport can be formed with the patient.
Indications contraindications and classification of bridges/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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immediate denture According to Glossary of Prosthodontics terms It is a partial or complete denture, that’s fabricated to replace natural teeth immediately after extraction
Treatment planning and diagnosis for fpd / oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The scope of fixed prosthodontics treatment can range from the restoration of a single tooth to the rehabilitation of the entire occlusion. Single teeth can be restored to full function, and improvement in
esthetics can be achieved. Missing teeth can be replaced with fixed prostheses that will improve patient comfort and masticatory ability, maintain the health and integrity of the dental arches, and, in many instances, elevate the patient’s self-image.
Impressions in fixed partial dentures/dental crown &bridge course by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indications contraindications and classification of bridges/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
immediate denture According to Glossary of Prosthodontics terms It is a partial or complete denture, that’s fabricated to replace natural teeth immediately after extraction
Treatment planning and diagnosis for fpd / oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The scope of fixed prosthodontics treatment can range from the restoration of a single tooth to the rehabilitation of the entire occlusion. Single teeth can be restored to full function, and improvement in
esthetics can be achieved. Missing teeth can be replaced with fixed prostheses that will improve patient comfort and masticatory ability, maintain the health and integrity of the dental arches, and, in many instances, elevate the patient’s self-image.
Impressions in fixed partial dentures/dental crown &bridge course by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
There are three basic phases of the digital workflow when designing and/or fabricating removable partial denture frameworks; data acquisition, designing (computer aided design (CAD)), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). The bulk of this presentation is dedicated to the design steps used in this workflow utilizing sample maxillary and mandibular casts
There are three basic phases of the digital workflow when designing and/or fabricating removable partial denture frameworks; data acquisition, designing (computer aided design (CAD)), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). The bulk of this presentation is dedicated to the design steps used in this workflow utilizing sample maxillary and mandibular casts
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
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Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
4. Begin by positioning the appropriate protrusive insert, and check to ensure that the incisal guide pin is set at zero and in contact with the incisal guide table. Lingualized Occlusion Protrusive inserts Protrusive insert Zero setting
7. Lip Support The need for lip support from the teeth and denture flange varies depending upon the degree of ridge resorption. The amount required is determined by both the wax rim and the trial denture.
8.
9.
10.
11. A typical esthetic display of the maxillary anterior teeth. The central incisors are aligned with the midline and the laterals and cuspids are elevated off the occlusal plane. Esthetic Determinants of Anterior Tooth Placement
12.
13. Mark the casts indicating midline, crest of the ridge, and the midpoint of the retromolar pad . These landmarks will be used to check your denture setup. Maxilla Midline Anterior land Incisive papilla Mandible Ridge Retromolar pad Cast Landmarks
15. Lines indicating the crest of the ridge Cast Landmarks -Mandible Midpoint of retromolar pad Land Mark on land indicating the midpoint of the retromolar pad
16.
17. To set the remaining maxillary anterior teeth a clear glass or plastic slab is positioned on the mandibular record base to represent the plane of occlusion. Setting the Anterior Teeth Mark indicating midpoint of the retromolar pad
18. Setting the Maxillary Central Incisors Soften some baseplate wax and attach the other central incisor to the ridge lap portion of the maxillary central incisors and attach it to the record base
19. Setting the Maxillary Central Incisors The mesial of each tooth should be on the midline (arrow) and the incisal edge should be parallel to and in contact with the occlusal plane.
20. Setting the Maxillary Central Incisors Viewed from the facial perspective, the maxillary central incisor is placed so that the long axis shows a slight distal inclination to the perpendicular.
21. Setting the Maxillary Central Incisors When viewed from profile the cervical aspect of the tooth should be slightly depressed. Note that the incisal 2/3 of the central incisors are perpendicular to the plane of occlusion In this particular patient, appropriate lip support was achieved by placing the labial surface of the central incisors on a curve coinciding with the inner edge of the land of the cast (red line). This may vary, and in many patients the incisors project more anteriorly, particularly in those with severe resorption of the premaxilla. Inner edge of the land Occlusal plane
22. Setting the Maxillary Lateral Incisors The maxillary lateral incisor is should be positioned with a slight distal inclination and is usually ½ to 1 mm above the plane of occlusion.
23. Setting the Maxillary Lateral Incisors When viewed in profile note that the lateral incisor is positioned with a slight distal inclination in relationship with the central incisor. Note again that the lateral incisor is positioned slightly above the plane of occlusion.
24. Setting the Maxillary Lateral Incisors When viewed from the occlusal, the incisors should follow the same curvature as the internal aspect of the land.
25. Setting the Maxillary Cuspids When viewed in profile the cuspid has a slight distal inclination from the perpendicular and the incisal tip touches the occlusal plane (arrow).
26. Setting the Maxillary Cuspids “ Toed-in” Position Note how the cervical and incisal edges of the cuspid are aligned vertically (yellow line). The facial surface of the cuspid however, is canted inward and appears “toed in” (red line) due to the prominence of the cervical area of the tooth (yellow arrow).
27. Setting the Maxillary Cuspids The cuspid has two planes on the labial surface – a mesial plane (yellow line) and a distal plane (red line). When viewed from the anterior only the mesial plane should be visible.
28. Setting the Maxillary Cuspids When viewed from the occlusal the anterior teeth follow the curvature of the internal portion of the land.
35. Setting the Mandibular Central Incisors In most patients the labial surface of the mandibular incisors should be roughly perpendicular to the occlusal plane. Occlusal plane
36. Setting the Mandibular Central Incisors In the setup shown here, the initial vertical overlap chosen was 1.0 mm and the amount of horizontal overlap was 1.5 mm. Vertical overlap 1 mm Horizontal overlap 1.5 mm
37. Setting the Mandibular Central Incisors Horizontal overlap 1 mm Horizontal overlap is measured from the tip of the maxillary central incisor to the labial surface of the mandibular central incisor. Horizontal overlap 1.5 mm
38. Setting the Mandibular Central Incisors Incisal angle Occlusal plane The incisal angle varies depending on the magnitude of the vertical and horizontal overlap, the arrangement of the occlusal plane and the condylar inclination. It is generally advisable to keep the incisal angle to a minimum in complete dentures. Vertical overlap
39. Setting the Lateral Incisors and Cuspids Position the remaining mandibular anterior teeth. The lateral incisors should be placed similar in angulation and position to the central incisors. Note that the cuspids are towed out at the cervical. The vertical overlap can be easily appreciated from frontal perspective.
40. Setting the Lateral Incisors and Cuspids The vertical overlap should be 1.0 mm throughout the anterior region at this stage of the setup. Note that the cuspid is slightly inclined to the distal whereas the lateral incisor is relatively vertical. Occlusal plane
41. Setting the Lateral Incisors and Cuspids The horizontal overlap should be consistent throughout the anterior region. At this stage it should be about 1.5 mm.
42. Setting the Lateral Incisors and Cuspids From the anterior perspective the angulation of the mandibular anterior teeth should be as indicated. Note that the cervical of the cuspids are in the towed out position.
43. Setting the Anterior Teeth The anterior teeth have now been positioned. The final positions will be determined during the trial denture appointment.
44. Setting the Mandibular Posteriors Set the mandibular premolars and the 1 st molar. Make sure these teeth are on plane and on ridge. Use the marks on your cast to help you visualize the occlusal plane and crest of the ridge. Occlusal plane Line indicating the crest of the ridge
45. Setting the Mandibular Posteriors When using this lingualized posterior tooth form (Ivoclar Ortholingual) there should be little or no curve of Wilson. In this set up both the lingual and buccal cusp tips of the premolars and the 1 st molar were on the plane of occlusion.
46. Setting the Mandibular Posteriors Position the 2 nd molar. The curve of Spee is created by slightly elevating the distal half of the 1 st molar and by elevating the the 2 nd molar by about 15 degrees up from the occlusal plane. 15 degrees
47. Setting the Mandibular Posteriors Both sides have now been set. Before setting the maxillary posterior teeth make sure the posterior mandibular teeth are centered over the ridges and on plane.
48. Setting the Maxillary Posteriors Position the maxillary posterior teeth. There should be about a 1mm space between the lingual inclines of the buccal cusps of the maxillary teeth and the the buccal slopes of the buccal cusps of the mandibular teeth.
49. Setting the Maxillary Posteriors The lingual cusp tips should be in contact with the central fossae of the opposing mandibular teeth. However, as opposed to anatomic teeth set to bilateral balance, they need not be arranged in a cusp – embrasure relation ship.
50.
51. Verify centric and make adjustments as necessary. The lingual cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth must rest in the central fossa of the opposing mandibular teeth. There should be no buccal cusp contacts of posterior teeth in centric or in lateral excursion. Completed Denture Setup
52.
53.
54. Lingualized Occlusion Protrusive Develop protrusive contacts as shown. Light contact of the anterior teeth in protrusion enhances stability. Note the contacts in the 2 nd molar region.