In this Business Analysis training session, you will learn about Requirement Management. Topics covered in this session are:
• Requirements Management
• Requirement Prioritization
• MoSCoW Analysis
• Time Boxing
• Voting Technique
• Verifying and Validating Requirements
• Verifying Requirements
• Validate Requirements
• Key Requirements Management Practices
• The Requirements Baseline
• Requirements Version Management
• Requirements Change Control
• Impact Analysis of Requirements
• Requirements Attributes
• Requirements status tracking
• Requirements Traceability
• Requirements Traceability Matrix
For more information, click here: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/business-analysis/become-a-business-analyst-with-hands-on-practice/
In this advanced business analysis training session, you will learn Requirement Elicitation. Topics covered in this session are:
• What is Elicitation?
• The elicitation methodology
• The stakeholder connection
• Stakeholder Analysis
• Brainstorming
• One-to-One Interview
• Group Interview
• Document Analysis
• Focus Group
• Interface Analysis
• Observation/Social Analysis
• Prototyping
• Use case and scenarios
• Requirements reuse
• Pre-Project Activity
• Request for Proposal
For more information, click here: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/business-analysis/advanced-business-analyst-training/
In this Business Analysis training session, you will learn about Requirement Elicitation Techniques. Topics covered in this session are:
• Requirements Engineering
• Project Scope
• Landscape of Requirements
• Properties of Requirements
• Types of Requirements
• Stakeholder
• Requirements Elicitation
• Techniques
For more information, click here: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/business-analysis/become-a-business-analyst-with-hands-on-practice/
Software Configuration Management (CM) establishes and maintains product integrity throughout development. CM involves four key functions: identification, control, status accounting, and audits of configuration items. CM planning tasks include identifying items, baselines, and roles. CM execution tasks are configuration control, status accounting, and audits. CM records like plans, schedules, change requests, audit results must be organized and maintained.
Presented on Oct 28, 2014 at the Greater Atlanta Chapter IIBA.
People seek to make connections of items to make sense of them in a larger context. As children (or adults), we connect the dots to form a picture of something recognizable. As a business analyst, we connect requirements and other analysis outputs to get the bigger picture of an initiative and to check the completeness of our work.
We will explore how IIBA® has defined requirement traceability, how traceability works, and the benefits of the practice to the current project and future analysis.
The document discusses the requirements review process. It describes reviewing requirements as a group activity to analyze requirements for problems and agree on solutions. The summary is:
The requirements review process involves stakeholders reading and discussing requirements to check for correct content, quality, and adherence to standards. Reviewers from different backgrounds evaluate requirements for issues. The review defines the process, reviewers, and activities which include distributing documents, individual review, and a meeting to discuss comments and agree on actions. Checks include testability, organization, and conformance to standards.
The document discusses software requirements and specifications. It explains that requirements engineering is the process of establishing customer requirements for a system. Requirements can range from high-level abstract statements to detailed functional specifications. Both types of statements may be called requirements. The document also discusses different types of requirements like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It provides examples and explanations of each. The structure and intended users of a requirements document are also covered.
In this Business Analysis training session, you will learn about Requirement Management. Topics covered in this session are:
• Requirements Management
• Requirement Prioritization
• MoSCoW Analysis
• Time Boxing
• Voting Technique
• Verifying and Validating Requirements
• Verifying Requirements
• Validate Requirements
• Key Requirements Management Practices
• The Requirements Baseline
• Requirements Version Management
• Requirements Change Control
• Impact Analysis of Requirements
• Requirements Attributes
• Requirements status tracking
• Requirements Traceability
• Requirements Traceability Matrix
For more information, click here: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/business-analysis/become-a-business-analyst-with-hands-on-practice/
In this advanced business analysis training session, you will learn Requirement Elicitation. Topics covered in this session are:
• What is Elicitation?
• The elicitation methodology
• The stakeholder connection
• Stakeholder Analysis
• Brainstorming
• One-to-One Interview
• Group Interview
• Document Analysis
• Focus Group
• Interface Analysis
• Observation/Social Analysis
• Prototyping
• Use case and scenarios
• Requirements reuse
• Pre-Project Activity
• Request for Proposal
For more information, click here: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/business-analysis/advanced-business-analyst-training/
In this Business Analysis training session, you will learn about Requirement Elicitation Techniques. Topics covered in this session are:
• Requirements Engineering
• Project Scope
• Landscape of Requirements
• Properties of Requirements
• Types of Requirements
• Stakeholder
• Requirements Elicitation
• Techniques
For more information, click here: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/business-analysis/become-a-business-analyst-with-hands-on-practice/
Software Configuration Management (CM) establishes and maintains product integrity throughout development. CM involves four key functions: identification, control, status accounting, and audits of configuration items. CM planning tasks include identifying items, baselines, and roles. CM execution tasks are configuration control, status accounting, and audits. CM records like plans, schedules, change requests, audit results must be organized and maintained.
Presented on Oct 28, 2014 at the Greater Atlanta Chapter IIBA.
People seek to make connections of items to make sense of them in a larger context. As children (or adults), we connect the dots to form a picture of something recognizable. As a business analyst, we connect requirements and other analysis outputs to get the bigger picture of an initiative and to check the completeness of our work.
We will explore how IIBA® has defined requirement traceability, how traceability works, and the benefits of the practice to the current project and future analysis.
The document discusses the requirements review process. It describes reviewing requirements as a group activity to analyze requirements for problems and agree on solutions. The summary is:
The requirements review process involves stakeholders reading and discussing requirements to check for correct content, quality, and adherence to standards. Reviewers from different backgrounds evaluate requirements for issues. The review defines the process, reviewers, and activities which include distributing documents, individual review, and a meeting to discuss comments and agree on actions. Checks include testability, organization, and conformance to standards.
The document discusses software requirements and specifications. It explains that requirements engineering is the process of establishing customer requirements for a system. Requirements can range from high-level abstract statements to detailed functional specifications. Both types of statements may be called requirements. The document also discusses different types of requirements like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It provides examples and explanations of each. The structure and intended users of a requirements document are also covered.
This document is a software development plan for a project with the goal of developing software. It outlines the purpose, scope and processes for the project. The plan defines the project organization, management processes, technical processes and supporting processes. It includes sections on the project overview, management approach, development methodology, configuration management, quality assurance and supporting plans. Key project documents such as requirements, schedule, budget and risk plans are referenced.
Requirements management is the process of documenting, analyzing, tracing, prioritizing and agreeing on requirements and then controlling change and communicating to relevant stakeholders. It is a continuous process throughout a project. A requirement is a capability to which a project outcome (product or service) should conform.
This document outlines a software requirement specification (SRS) for a software system. It defines what an SRS is, including that it provides a complete description of the system's behavior and documents interactions between users and the software. The document also describes the key components of an SRS, including functionality, objectives, requirements, and constraints. It explains that an SRS is important as the official contract between developers and users, and serves as the basis for further system development. Finally, it provides an outline for the structure and contents of a full SRS document.
The document discusses different types of documentation needed for software projects, including requirement documents. It describes how requirements can be gathered and documented in both traditional and Agile approaches. In Agile, user stories are used instead of traditional requirement documents. Examples of documenting requirements as user stories using mind mapping tools are provided. Other topics covered include requirement diagrams, techniques for gathering requirements, and tips for writing user stories.
The document discusses key aspects of software requirement engineering including requirement elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation. It describes the purpose of a Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document as a contract between developers and customers. Various techniques are covered for specifying requirements such as informal, semi-formal, and formal specifications. The document also outlines best practices for writing requirements and standards for SRS documents.
The document discusses key aspects of developing a software requirements specification (SRS) document. It notes that the SRS serves as a contract between developers and customers, detailing functional and non-functional requirements without specifying solutions. An effective SRS is unambiguous, complete, verifiable, consistent, modifiable, traceable and usable for subsequent development and maintenance phases. The document provides examples of both good and bad SRS qualities.
Introduction of software project managementREHMAT ULLAH
This document discusses software project management. It defines software project management as a process of managing, allocating, and timing resources to develop computer software that meets requirements. The document outlines the key tasks in software project management, including problem identification, definition, planning, organization, resource allocation, scheduling, tracking, reporting, controlling, and project termination. It emphasizes that software project management plans, implements, monitors, and controls software projects from start to finish.
This document discusses planning for a software project management session. It covers phases in software development in detail, including lifecycle planning and project plans. It discusses primary planning steps and key planning documents like the Software Development Plan and Risk Management Plan. It also outlines key product documents produced during planning like the Statement of Work, Requirements Document, and Design Specification.
The document discusses verification and validation (V&V) in software engineering. It defines verification as ensuring a product is built correctly, and validation as ensuring the right product is built. V&V aims to discover defects and assess if a system is usable. Static and dynamic verification methods are covered, including inspections, testing, and automated analysis. The document outlines V&V goals, the debugging process, V-model development, test planning, and inspection techniques.
This document provides an overview of a requirements specification (SRS) for a software engineering project. It defines what an SRS is, its purpose, types of requirements it should include, its typical structure, characteristics of a good SRS, and benefits of developing an SRS. The SRS is intended to clearly define the requirements for a software product to guide its design and development.
These slides, covering the topics of Software Maintenance and Evolution, are introductory slides to the course LINGI2252 “Software Maintenance and Evolution”, given by Prof. Kim Mens at UCL, Belgium
The document discusses software requirements and requirements engineering. It introduces concepts like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It explains how requirements can be organized in a requirements document and the different types of stakeholders who read requirements. The document also discusses challenges in writing requirements precisely and provides examples of requirements specification for a library system called LIBSYS.
This presentation collects several thoughts and conversations had with colleagues over the last few months about the role of the business analyst.
The diagrams and drawings are outcomes of these conversations and are ripe for further expansion. In many instances they are half thought through, or missing key things that help round them out.
You can help: If you have comments or opinion please add them below.
Business Analysis information in BABOK V3.0 has 11 states.
In this slide you can see 11 States Diagram of the Requirements and Designs according to BABOK V3.0 Knowledge Areas.
This document provides an overview of software configuration management (SCM). It defines SCM as a way to manage evolving software by controlling changes to configuration items. The key activities of SCM include identifying configuration items, establishing baselines, controlling changes through a change management process, and auditing changes. Roles in SCM include developers who implement changes and a configuration management team that manages the SCM process.
The document introduces software architecture and describes key aspects of documenting a software architecture. It defines software architecture as the structure of components and relationships in a system. It outlines the 4+1 views model for documenting architecture, including use case, logical, process, deployment, and code views. It provides examples of architectural patterns like model-view-controller and layered patterns. It describes how a software architecture document outlines architectural goals, constraints, and quality attributes.
The document outlines the software requirements engineering process, which includes gathering requirements from stakeholders, documenting them in a software requirements specification (SRS), and validating the requirements. It discusses the different types of requirements like functional, non-functional, and domain requirements. It also describes various techniques used for eliciting requirements, such as interviews, surveys, questionnaires, task analysis, domain analysis, brainstorming, and prototyping.
The document discusses requirements management (RM) best practices. It describes the goals of RM as eliciting stakeholder needs to develop clear requirements and administrating requirements tracking. It then outlines the key stages of RM - planning, elicitation, analysis, development, validation, acceptance, and administration. For each stage, it describes objectives, entry/exit criteria, activities, and techniques used. It emphasizes the importance of RM for reducing costs and defects.
Objectives:
1. To understand the different processes in the realm of ‘Requirements Engineering’.
2. To see the challenges in requirements development and the importance of getting requirements right in an IT project.
3. To understand the different techniques used in different phases and processes of requirements development and management.
The document discusses software requirements from the perspective of customers and stakeholders. It defines key terms like business requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It emphasizes the importance of frequent engagement with customers to understand their needs and manage expectations. This ensures the developed software closely matches what customers require rather than making assumptions. The document also discusses identifying all relevant stakeholders to obtain a full picture of requirements, such as direct users, indirect users, and others affected by the system.
The document discusses Telelogic DOORS and Telelogic Change software for requirements management and change management. Key points:
1. Telelogic DOORS allows visual definition of requirements, management of changes, and traceability between requirements and tests/design/metrics. Telelogic Change provides a workflow for managing changes to requirements.
2. Telelogic Change allows users to implement their own change management process or use out-of-the-box best practices. It provides traceability between requirements and development activities.
3. The software provides customizable workflows for lifecycle change management, reporting and metrics, and managing distributed teams. It integrates with other Telelogic products for requirements-driven development.
This document is a software development plan for a project with the goal of developing software. It outlines the purpose, scope and processes for the project. The plan defines the project organization, management processes, technical processes and supporting processes. It includes sections on the project overview, management approach, development methodology, configuration management, quality assurance and supporting plans. Key project documents such as requirements, schedule, budget and risk plans are referenced.
Requirements management is the process of documenting, analyzing, tracing, prioritizing and agreeing on requirements and then controlling change and communicating to relevant stakeholders. It is a continuous process throughout a project. A requirement is a capability to which a project outcome (product or service) should conform.
This document outlines a software requirement specification (SRS) for a software system. It defines what an SRS is, including that it provides a complete description of the system's behavior and documents interactions between users and the software. The document also describes the key components of an SRS, including functionality, objectives, requirements, and constraints. It explains that an SRS is important as the official contract between developers and users, and serves as the basis for further system development. Finally, it provides an outline for the structure and contents of a full SRS document.
The document discusses different types of documentation needed for software projects, including requirement documents. It describes how requirements can be gathered and documented in both traditional and Agile approaches. In Agile, user stories are used instead of traditional requirement documents. Examples of documenting requirements as user stories using mind mapping tools are provided. Other topics covered include requirement diagrams, techniques for gathering requirements, and tips for writing user stories.
The document discusses key aspects of software requirement engineering including requirement elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation. It describes the purpose of a Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document as a contract between developers and customers. Various techniques are covered for specifying requirements such as informal, semi-formal, and formal specifications. The document also outlines best practices for writing requirements and standards for SRS documents.
The document discusses key aspects of developing a software requirements specification (SRS) document. It notes that the SRS serves as a contract between developers and customers, detailing functional and non-functional requirements without specifying solutions. An effective SRS is unambiguous, complete, verifiable, consistent, modifiable, traceable and usable for subsequent development and maintenance phases. The document provides examples of both good and bad SRS qualities.
Introduction of software project managementREHMAT ULLAH
This document discusses software project management. It defines software project management as a process of managing, allocating, and timing resources to develop computer software that meets requirements. The document outlines the key tasks in software project management, including problem identification, definition, planning, organization, resource allocation, scheduling, tracking, reporting, controlling, and project termination. It emphasizes that software project management plans, implements, monitors, and controls software projects from start to finish.
This document discusses planning for a software project management session. It covers phases in software development in detail, including lifecycle planning and project plans. It discusses primary planning steps and key planning documents like the Software Development Plan and Risk Management Plan. It also outlines key product documents produced during planning like the Statement of Work, Requirements Document, and Design Specification.
The document discusses verification and validation (V&V) in software engineering. It defines verification as ensuring a product is built correctly, and validation as ensuring the right product is built. V&V aims to discover defects and assess if a system is usable. Static and dynamic verification methods are covered, including inspections, testing, and automated analysis. The document outlines V&V goals, the debugging process, V-model development, test planning, and inspection techniques.
This document provides an overview of a requirements specification (SRS) for a software engineering project. It defines what an SRS is, its purpose, types of requirements it should include, its typical structure, characteristics of a good SRS, and benefits of developing an SRS. The SRS is intended to clearly define the requirements for a software product to guide its design and development.
These slides, covering the topics of Software Maintenance and Evolution, are introductory slides to the course LINGI2252 “Software Maintenance and Evolution”, given by Prof. Kim Mens at UCL, Belgium
The document discusses software requirements and requirements engineering. It introduces concepts like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It explains how requirements can be organized in a requirements document and the different types of stakeholders who read requirements. The document also discusses challenges in writing requirements precisely and provides examples of requirements specification for a library system called LIBSYS.
This presentation collects several thoughts and conversations had with colleagues over the last few months about the role of the business analyst.
The diagrams and drawings are outcomes of these conversations and are ripe for further expansion. In many instances they are half thought through, or missing key things that help round them out.
You can help: If you have comments or opinion please add them below.
Business Analysis information in BABOK V3.0 has 11 states.
In this slide you can see 11 States Diagram of the Requirements and Designs according to BABOK V3.0 Knowledge Areas.
This document provides an overview of software configuration management (SCM). It defines SCM as a way to manage evolving software by controlling changes to configuration items. The key activities of SCM include identifying configuration items, establishing baselines, controlling changes through a change management process, and auditing changes. Roles in SCM include developers who implement changes and a configuration management team that manages the SCM process.
The document introduces software architecture and describes key aspects of documenting a software architecture. It defines software architecture as the structure of components and relationships in a system. It outlines the 4+1 views model for documenting architecture, including use case, logical, process, deployment, and code views. It provides examples of architectural patterns like model-view-controller and layered patterns. It describes how a software architecture document outlines architectural goals, constraints, and quality attributes.
The document outlines the software requirements engineering process, which includes gathering requirements from stakeholders, documenting them in a software requirements specification (SRS), and validating the requirements. It discusses the different types of requirements like functional, non-functional, and domain requirements. It also describes various techniques used for eliciting requirements, such as interviews, surveys, questionnaires, task analysis, domain analysis, brainstorming, and prototyping.
The document discusses requirements management (RM) best practices. It describes the goals of RM as eliciting stakeholder needs to develop clear requirements and administrating requirements tracking. It then outlines the key stages of RM - planning, elicitation, analysis, development, validation, acceptance, and administration. For each stage, it describes objectives, entry/exit criteria, activities, and techniques used. It emphasizes the importance of RM for reducing costs and defects.
Objectives:
1. To understand the different processes in the realm of ‘Requirements Engineering’.
2. To see the challenges in requirements development and the importance of getting requirements right in an IT project.
3. To understand the different techniques used in different phases and processes of requirements development and management.
The document discusses software requirements from the perspective of customers and stakeholders. It defines key terms like business requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It emphasizes the importance of frequent engagement with customers to understand their needs and manage expectations. This ensures the developed software closely matches what customers require rather than making assumptions. The document also discusses identifying all relevant stakeholders to obtain a full picture of requirements, such as direct users, indirect users, and others affected by the system.
The document discusses Telelogic DOORS and Telelogic Change software for requirements management and change management. Key points:
1. Telelogic DOORS allows visual definition of requirements, management of changes, and traceability between requirements and tests/design/metrics. Telelogic Change provides a workflow for managing changes to requirements.
2. Telelogic Change allows users to implement their own change management process or use out-of-the-box best practices. It provides traceability between requirements and development activities.
3. The software provides customizable workflows for lifecycle change management, reporting and metrics, and managing distributed teams. It integrates with other Telelogic products for requirements-driven development.
Current Approaches to Standardization of Business Analysis. Presentation held at PMI Romania Chapter Monthly Meeting, hosted by National School of Political and Administrative Studies, Faculty of Management 14.07.2015.
The document discusses key concepts in project scope management according to the PMBOK Guide. It defines product and project scope, and outlines the main processes involved - plan scope management, collect requirements, define scope, create the work breakdown structure, validate scope, and control scope. For each process, it lists the typical inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs as defined in the PMBOK Guide. It also provides more details on some of the tools and techniques used such as interviews, prototypes, and variance analysis.
The document discusses the importance of requirements engineering in software development. It states that incomplete or changing requirements are major causes of cost overruns in projects. Proper requirements analysis can help reduce errors and save significant costs compared to later fixes. Challenges include insufficient time, review, and technical knowledge as well as political and communication issues. The key is to fully understand user needs, write clear specifications, and manage requirements throughout the project lifecycle.
The document introduces quality management processes and activities including quality assurance, standards, quality planning, and quality control. It explains that quality management aims to ensure the required level of quality is achieved in a software product by defining standards and procedures. Quality management is important for large, complex systems to support continuity as teams change.
Quality management involves defining quality standards and procedures to ensure a required level of quality is achieved in software products. This includes activities like quality assurance to establish standards, quality planning to select applicable standards for a project, and quality control to ensure standards are followed. Software measurement can be used to assess quality by collecting metrics on the development process and product attributes, but accurately relating measurements to quality is challenging due to complex relationships between processes and outcomes.
Quality management involves defining quality standards and procedures to ensure a quality product. This includes quality assurance, establishing standards, quality planning, and quality control such as reviews and metrics. Measurement can assess software quality but relationships between what is measured and quality attributes are complex, and metrics have limitations and rarely predict quality directly.
quality management presentation PMI book 6
project management presentation
reference to PMI pmbook 6 guide, the presentation prepared to cover the quality knowledge area in addition to that it is mentioned the 7th guide to ease revising the knowledge area and be able to review the whole issue.
Requirements engineering processes vary significantly between organizations due to differences in factors like the type of system being developed and the organization's maturity. Key activities in most requirements engineering processes include requirements discovery, classification, prioritization, documentation, and management of changes. Effective requirements engineering requires understanding problems from different perspectives like the product, customers, developers, and environment to develop requirements that satisfy stakeholders.
The document discusses software requirement engineering. It begins by introducing the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It then discusses why requirement engineering (RE) is important, noting that many project failures are due to issues with requirements gathering and documentation. The document outlines the root causes of project success and failure according to a study, which found the top three factors were lack of user input, incomplete requirements, and changing requirements. Finally, it defines what a requirement is and discusses the sub-disciplines of requirements development including elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation.
The document discusses requirements analysis, which involves understanding customer needs and expectations for a proposed system. Requirements analysis is necessary to ensure projects align with business goals and specifications. The requirements analysis process includes identifying system boundaries, customers, eliciting requirements through stakeholder interviews, analyzing requirements, documenting requirements in a specification, and managing evolving requirements. An effective software requirements specification establishes agreement between customers and developers on system functionality.
Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them. It defines what is or is not to be done
In the current business environment, IT Suppliers have become integral part of the Customer organization and the IT environment and processes of IT Suppliers have a direct impact on the Customer Organization. Even though Operational responsibility might have got transferred to Supplier, but legal and regulatory responsibility will still be with Customer. Hence it is Customer’s responsibility to verify that appropriate controls are in effect to ensure that the organization fulfills its contractual obligations. This topic focuses on some of the key components and the best practices in auditing IT Suppliers for Compliance. It is aligned with one of the ISACA Research paper (Outsourced IT Environments Audit/Assurance Program) with additional information.
Construction quality management plan (Construction Productivity Analysis)Jayson Narito
The document discusses quality management in construction projects. It defines quality management as ensuring projects meet requirements and customer needs. Quality management includes quality planning, assurance, and control activities. It also discusses developing a quality management plan to define quality standards and responsibilities. The plan should include quality control reviews, audits, and reports to ensure standards are followed.
This document discusses various topics relating to software quality management. It defines quality management as ensuring the required level of quality is achieved in a software product by defining quality standards and procedures. It discusses what quality means for software and some challenges in specifying quality requirements. It also covers the scope and key activities of quality management including quality assurance, planning, and control. Quality standards, reviews, and metrics are described as important aspects of quality management.
This document provides an overview of quality management in software engineering. It discusses software quality, standards, reviews and inspections, as well as software measurement and metrics. The key points covered include establishing an organizational framework for quality management, applying specific quality processes and standards at the project level, and conducting independent reviews to ensure compliance. Software metrics can help quantify attributes and identify anomalous components, but meaningful relationships between internal metrics and external quality attributes can be difficult to establish.
The document discusses quality management systems and ISO 9000 standards. It defines key terms like quality, quality management system, and describes the eight quality management principles. It explains the requirements of a quality management system including documentation requirements and the responsibilities of management.
The document provides an overview of the Balanced Scorecard framework, which measures organizational performance across four perspectives - financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth. It describes the key elements included in each perspective and gives an example of how a fictional company, XYZ Corporation, could implement the Balanced Scorecard to monitor performance against objectives using relevant key performance indicators. The Balanced Scorecard framework helps organizations take a balanced approach to measuring success and ensures different business areas work together to achieve strategic goals.
The document describes an ATM software system for a local bank. The system allows users to view account balances, withdraw and deposit funds using an ATM. The system consists of an account database, cash dispenser and deposit slot. It defines operations for user authentication, checking balances, withdrawing and depositing money, and refilling the cash dispenser. The operations ensure the correct behavior of the system and handle error cases.
This document provides instructions for developing a Z specification document for a project concept. It notes that a Z specification pairs natural language descriptions with formal mathematics. Students are instructed to use the Z Word Tool to write their specification in Microsoft Word. The document outlines that each schema defining part of the system state should be preceded by an explanation in natural language of the real-world properties being described. Students are then given steps to create their specification, including developing a state schema with initialization and operation schemas applying changes to the state.
The document discusses LCD displays, including:
- LCDs were discovered in 1888 and the first experimental LCD was made in 1968 using liquid crystals.
- LCD panels use a grid of light valves (pixels) that can turn light on, off, or intermediate levels to display an image. A backlight and films create illumination.
- Applying a voltage to electrodes changes the illumination level in each sub-pixel to display an image.
Computer graphics deals with computer-generated image synthesis and includes anything visual on a computer besides text or sound. It has applications in areas like computer-aided design, presentations, art, education and training, visualization, image processing, and entertainment. Specifically, it is used for circuit drawings, real-time animations, virtual reality environments, architectural drawings, presentation graphs, and manipulating images through processes like noise reduction.
The document discusses trees as a nonlinear data structure with nodes connected in a parent-child relationship. It provides examples of different types of trees including binary trees, binary expression trees, and decision trees. Binary trees are defined recursively with each node having at most two children. The document also covers different methods of representing trees including sequentially and linked, as well as tree traversal algorithms including inorder, preorder and postorder traversal.
Stakeholders are people or organizations that are affected by or can influence a system or project. There are two types of stakeholders - primary stakeholders who are vital to the project's success, and secondary stakeholders who are less directly involved but still have interest. It is important to analyze stakeholders to understand their needs, identify risks and opportunities, and plan their involvement to ensure projects meet expectations. Considering stakeholders helps businesses think more broadly about their public image and the impacts of their activities.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
2. WHAT IS REQUIREMENT ?
A capability that must be met or possessed by a system
to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, regulation,
or other formally imposed documents.
A requirement is something that the product must do or
a quality that the product must have
The voice of your customer, The building blocks of your
products, Verification that you are building what you
mean to build.
4. REQUIREMENT MANAGEMENT
Requirements management is the process of
documenting, analyzing, tracing, prioritizing and
agreeing on requirements and then controlling change
and communicating to relevant stakeholders. It is a
continuous process throughout a project. A requirement
is a capability to which a project outcome.
Requirements management is the sum of all activities in
connection with requirements that take place after the
requirements have been developed or engineered.
5. OVERVIEW
The purpose of requirements management is to assure
the organization documents, verifies and meets the
needs and expectations of its customers and internal or
external stakeholders.
Requirements management begins with the analysis
and elicitation of the objectives and constraints of the
organization.
Requirements management involves communication
between the project team members and stakeholders,
and adjustment to requirements changes throughout the
course of the project
6. WHY REQUIREMENT MANAGEMENT
The principal concerns are
Managing the relationships between requirements
Managing priorities between requirements
Managing the dependencies between different documents
Requirements document
Specification
And other documents produced in the systems engineering process
Managing changes to agreed requirements
7. WHY REQUIREMENT MANAGEMENT
Between 40% and 60% of software failures and defects
are the result of poor software requirements
management.
Cost of rework: 70% to 85% of rework cost come from
requirements errors.
Failures attributed to poor requirements management
Incorrect definition of requirements
Poor management throughout development lifecycle
10. SUMMARY
Manage versions of requirements documents.
Adopt and enforce a change control process.
Perform requirements change impact analysis.
Store requirement attributes.
Track the status of each requirement.
Trace requirements into designs, code, and tests