Parting styles and its impact of child behavior is core phenomena of behavioral science that needs specific
attention from researcher and practitioner around the globe. The purpose of present qualitative study is to explore
the new trend of parenting style emerging in the society and their impact on child behaviors by using
unstructured interviews trough homogeneous sampling of parents located in Islamabad and native areas. The
data gathered from unstructured interviews was transcribed and processed through thematic analysis using NVivo
10 software. The findings of study reveal the notion that ultimately behavior of child depends upon
parenting style and many factors contribute in shaping parenting style that may be external environment, support,
love, affection and opportunities. Effective communication is the ultimately outcome that is effective among
majority of parents and that can be used by parents in accessing their child behavior and adjusting their parenting
strategies
Parenting style and onset of child psychopathologyRichard Asare
Mental health of children depends on the way parents interact with them. Though every parent wishes to provide the best at home, they may not be giving the best to their children as no full proof method of bringing up children has been invented. This is because no two children are alike. There are more differences between children than we ordinarily believe. Moreover, culture, society, gender of the child and a host of other factors interact with the upbringing of children
A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing. The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child. For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child. Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children. Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices
Parenting style and onset of child psychopathologyRichard Asare
Mental health of children depends on the way parents interact with them. Though every parent wishes to provide the best at home, they may not be giving the best to their children as no full proof method of bringing up children has been invented. This is because no two children are alike. There are more differences between children than we ordinarily believe. Moreover, culture, society, gender of the child and a host of other factors interact with the upbringing of children
A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing. The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child. For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child. Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children. Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices
An intensive psychiatric treatment facility, Provo Canyon School has programs for children and adolescents between the ages of 8 and 18. Licensed by the state of Utah, Provo Canyon School evaluates each child to determine his or her therapeutic needs and develop a personalized treatment plan. Parents can help their children by assessing parenting styles and choosing empowering communications approaches.
Parenting is a great program-each and every mother should have some ideas about this: after having a beautiful child as you grow with the child you need to know the process how to take care of the cute emotion that helps it to be a person with sound emotion.
Psychiatrist practicing for 25 years shares his views and experiences to help new parents and would be parents to sensitize them to the issues of child rearing.
The slides deals with the 4 types of parenting style and its features. in addition to that it also discusses few means to be a good parent and the do's and dont's of parenting
An intensive psychiatric treatment facility, Provo Canyon School has programs for children and adolescents between the ages of 8 and 18. Licensed by the state of Utah, Provo Canyon School evaluates each child to determine his or her therapeutic needs and develop a personalized treatment plan. Parents can help their children by assessing parenting styles and choosing empowering communications approaches.
Parenting is a great program-each and every mother should have some ideas about this: after having a beautiful child as you grow with the child you need to know the process how to take care of the cute emotion that helps it to be a person with sound emotion.
Psychiatrist practicing for 25 years shares his views and experiences to help new parents and would be parents to sensitize them to the issues of child rearing.
The slides deals with the 4 types of parenting style and its features. in addition to that it also discusses few means to be a good parent and the do's and dont's of parenting
A Course-Based Qualitative Inquiry into the Potential Impact of the Bachelor ...inventionjournals
This course-based qualitative study aims to explore what 4th-year Child and Youth Care students and recent graduates of the Bachelor of Child and Youth Care program at MacEwan University think about their likely parenting styles as a direct result of their Child and Youth Care educational experience. A thematic analysis of the data revealed four major themes: (1) the desire to be an authoritative parent, (2) courses, (3) themes and concepts that were meaningful, and (4) a better understanding of theories relevant to parenting and the need for self-reflection
Rethinking Peer Apprenticeship Through the Acquisition of Compliance Skills i...ijtsrd
This empirical article reassessed peer apprenticeship as a cultural construct and how acquisition of compliance skills in Middle Childhood (6-11 Years) is guided by this construct. The main objective of this study was to investigate peer apprenticeship and the acquisition of compliance skills in middle childhood children. The purposive sampling technique was used to elect 75 participants that made up the sample of the study. The study employed a combination of primary and secondary data collection techniques. Primary techniques included field observations, and administration of questionnaire. The survey design was used to sample parents"™ and teachers"™ views while the quasi-experimental design was used for pupils. Analysis of findings revealed that; Peer apprenticeship influences the acquisition of compliance skills in children. This is evidence because the experimental group showed a significant improvement between the pre-test and post-test (P http://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/18204/rethinking-peer-apprenticeship-through-the-acquisition-of-compliance-skills-in-middle-childhood-implications-for-cultural-socialisation-in-cameroon/dr-kumncho-eveline-neh
Social Development of 5 And 6 Year Old Children in Terms of Employment Status...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social development of 5-6 year-old children of employed and unemployed mothers. The population of the study consisted of 5-6 years-old preschool children in the province of Kayseri between 2012 and 2013. The sample group of the study was determined according to random sampling. As the data collection tool, “Marmara Social-Emotional Adaptation Scale (MSEAS) for 60- 72 Month- Old Children" developed by Işık (2006) was used. The scale consists of 19 items, which were applied to totally 200 students including 114 girls and 86 boys. In the scale, α= .89; and the test-retest stability coefficient was.89. The data were evaluated by using the SPSS 20.00 software package and analyzed as percentage, frequency, and t-test.Results indicated that the social development of children of employed mothers was higher than those of children of unemployed mothers.
Academic Achievement of Adolescents In Relation To Parental Encouragementiosrjce
This Study examines the Academic Achievement of Adolescence and Parental encouragement, the
encouragement support exerts most direct influence upon the acquisition of academic achievement. This study
explored the extent to which the parental encouragement has relation with academic achievement among school
students. Parents play a key role in shaping students achievement. Family factors such as parent’s level of
education, Parental expectations and parental support for their children seem to extent some influences on
adolescents academic achievement. Parents play an important role in educational motivation of their children.
They provide necessary facilities and educational environment which results is better performance in school.
Parents approve and appreciate activities related to education and remove any difficult felt by their wards. This
type of behavior of Parents is known as parental encouragement. In other wards parental encouragement
refers to the guidance, communication and interest shown by the parents to promote their wards progress in
school.
A Study to Determine the Emotional and Behavioural Development among Children...ijtsrd
Quantitative approach, descriptive exploratory design was chosen for this study. The study was conducted in selected schools of chennai, 30 school children were selected using non probability purposive sampling technique. A rating scale and check list was used to assess the behavioral and emotional development of children of working mothers. The study findings reveals that, 3 10 had good emotional development 26 86.6 had moderate emotional development 1 3.3 had poor emotional development and 5 16.6 had good behavioural development 14 46.6 had moderate behavioural development 11 36.6 had poor behavioural development and there is a positive correlation between Emotional and behavioural development among children of employed mothers at 0.01 level of significance and there is a significant association between the emotional and behavioural development with children Age, Sex, Education of mother, Family income, Religion, Mothers occupation, Child hobbies and Educational system at 5 level of significance respectively. Mrs P. Umalakshmi "A Study to Determine the Emotional and Behavioural Development among Children of Employed Mother at Selected Setting, Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63420.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/63420/a-study-to-determine-the-emotional-and-behavioural-development-among-children-of-employed-mother-at-selected-setting-chennai/mrs-p-umalakshmi
Handout 4.3 Leadership StrategiesModule 4 The Center on tJeanmarieColbert3
Handout 4.3: Leadership StrategiesModule 4
The Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning Vanderbilt University vanderbilt.edu/csefel Rev. 2/10 H 4.3
(p.1/2)
“From the last two decades of research, it is unequivocally clear that children’s emotional and
behavioral adjustment is important for their chances of early school success.” (Raver, 2002)
There is mounting evidence showing that young children with challenging
behavior are more likely to experience early and persistent peer rejection,
mostly punitive contacts with teachers, family interaction patterns that are
unpleasant for all participants, and school failure (Center for Evidence-Based
Practice: Young Children with Challenging Behavior, 2003). Conversely,
children who are emotionally well-adjusted have a greater chance of early
school success (Raver, 2002). Social and behavioral competence in young
children predicts their academic performance in the fi rst grade over and above
their cognitive skills and family backgrounds (Raver & Knitzer, 2002).
Science has established a compelling link between social/emotional
development and behavior and school success (Raver, 2002; Zins, Bloodworth,
Weissberg, & Walberg, 2004). Indeed, longitudinal studies suggest that the
link may be causal….academic achievement in the fi rst few years of schooling
appears to be built on a foundation of children’s emotional and social skills
(Raver, 2002). Young children cannot learn to read if they have problems
that distract them from educational activities, problems following directions,
problems getting along with others and controlling negative emotions, and
problems that interfere with relationships with peers, teachers, and parents.
“Learning is a social process” (Zins et al., 2004).
The National Education Goals Panel (1996) recognized that a young child
must be ready to learn, e.g., possess the pre-requisite skills for learning in
order to meet the vision and accountability mandates of academic achievement
and school success. Academic readiness includes the prosocial skills that
are essential to school success. Research has demonstrated the link between
social competence and positive intellectual outcomes as well as the link
between antisocial conduct and poor academic performance (Zins et al., 2004).
Programs that have a focus on social skills have been shown to have improved
outcomes related to drop out and attendance, grade retention, and special
education referrals. They also have improved grades, test scores, and reading,
math, and writing skills (Zins etal., 2004).
Social skills that have been identified as essential for academic success include:
getting along with others (parents, teachers, and peers),
following directions,
identifying and regulating one’s emotions and behavior,
thinking of appropriate solutions to confl ict,
persisting on task,
www.challengingbehavior.org
Recommended Practices
Linking Social Development and Beh ...
RUNNING HEADER COURSE PROJECT – INTRODUCTION AND REFERENCES1.docxagnesdcarey33086
RUNNING HEADER: COURSE PROJECT – INTRODUCTION AND REFERENCES 1
COURSE PROJECT – INTRODUCTION AND REFERENCES 2
Paper Week 06
Course Project – Introduction and References
Tania Hoffman
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This paper is being submitted November 16, 2014 for Cari Beecham-Bautista, M.A. G142/SYG1000 Section 14 Introduction to Sociology.
Course Project – Introduction and References
We all want the best for our children and the children around us. The children in today’s society are the adults in tomorrow’s society. I have three children at home myself with a very supportive husband and family and friends around me. All three children have different attitudes and different behavioral issues that need addressing on a daily basis. You see the children out on the street, see the news and crimes happening all around us and don’t you wonder what is going on and why? Asking yourself, where are the parents!? I know I am guilty of just that.
Sociologists have become increasingly concerned with the ways in which families shaped children’s development and overall well-being. Sociologist’s examine the timing and duration of mothers’ poverty, single motherhood, welfare, employment, and kin coresidence through early and middle childhood. Child behavior problems are shaped by poverty and kin coresidence in early and middle childhood, and by parents use of physical punishment. Data was used on mothers and children from the NLSY, which showed strong demands of data, and provided strong tests of relationships.
A child’s behavior problems are a very important aspect of children development because it could be implicated in later adult outcomes. For example child temper tantrums could lead to later problems in life such as downward occupational mobility, erratic work lives, and divorce and separation (Caspi, Elder, and Bem 1987). Child development research find continuity between early behavior problems and later antisocial behavior (Olweus 1979; Loeber 1982), while criminological research finds continuity between behavior problems and later delinquency and crime (Farrington 1986; White et al. 1990). Such offenders in turn are more likely to suffer adult problems like joblessness, poverty, violence, and imprisonment (Nagin, Farrington, and Moffitt 1995; Farrington 1989; Hagan 1991).
Through the research in child psychology it has been determined that coercive or authoritarian control based upon force, threat, or physical punishment of children is ineffective in controlling and shaping children. What has been proved effective is inductive or authoritative control based upon reasoning, explaining, and understanding (Baumrind 1978; Boronfenbrenner 1979; Rollins and Thomas 1979).
Child development and parent child interactions have a large deal to do with social structure. For example this includes everything from parents working outside of the home which could impede parent-child interactions and increase problems. Then there i.
Changing of Schools: How it affects the School Life Experiences of a StudentDr. Amarjeet Singh
The Pivot point of research carried out is to study the impact of changing of school in a student’s life and various effects it can have on school life experiences. Researcher has worked upon feedbacks gathered from individuals of different age and their experience accumulated from their own school lives. Analyst got reactions from 140 participants. The information was gathered using Google forms and it was investigated utilizing Google's analytical tools. It was found that changing of school had both merits and demerits given that how one perceives it and adapts according to the changes. People have different reasons for changing their schools. Factors like new region, culture and language of new place also acts as deciding factors for the adaptability and performance of newly admitted student.
EDU 7001 HOW WILL YOU FIND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COMalbert0056
This study used path analytic techniques and an ecological framework to examine the association between children’s perceptions of their parents’ educational involvement, children’s personal characteristics, and their school achievement. Fathers’ academic
Impact of CNG Load Shedding on Daily Routine: A Study of PakistanMuhammad Arslan
People of Pakistan are facing a number of problems due to CNG load shedding. This study investigated the consequences of energy on routines of people and also on social and economic performance of people. Primary data has been collected by conducting video recorded interviews and comment based interviews from twin cities i.e. Islamabad and Rawalpindi of Pakistan. The sample of study includes students, housewives, businessmen and professional workers who are affecting by this CNG shortage. This study focuses on relationship between CNG shortage and its effect on daily routine life and performance of people. It also focuses on psychological issues as well as the economic issues that are caused due to this shortage. This study utilizes in depth semi structured interviews to conduct the qualitative study. N-Vivo 10 is used as tool of data analysis. The CNG shortage in Pakistan caused many critical issues like unemployment, decrease in export contracts and commodities prices are increasing due to this shortage. Less working hours, lack of social and family gathering, increase in work load, depression and anxiety are results caused by CNG shortage. It is concluded that CNG shortage has bad impact on people’s lives and on their overall performance.
Improving Productivity through Appropriate Performance Appraisal in Pakistan ...Muhammad Arslan
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of performance appraisal on productivity. Appraisal tools are
used to measure the output of workers which are compared with the given tasks with specific working
environment in designing these tools there is three step process define the job, appraise the performance and
providing the relative feedback. The manager should take keen in designing. Cross tabulation methods is used to
analyze this phenomenon. Face to face interview and questionnaire will be the research strategy and this will be
cross sectional study i.e. one time study; data collection method will be secondary data, primary data through
random sampling will be collected from the contractors of transport companies of Pakistan State Oil Limited
and general analytical method will be used for data analysis. The finding of study suggests that performance
appraisal system has significant effect on personal skill and by using the combination of two methods; rating and
narrative method leads us improvement in productivity of the organization.
Impact of Firm Size on Capital Budgeting Techniques: An Empirical Study of Te...Muhammad Arslan
This study examines the type of capital budgeting methods used by textile firms in Pakistan and impact of firm
size on these methods. This study also investigates the relationship between the total assets of the firm and
annual turnover of the firm according to primary capital budgeting technique used. Questionnaire method is used
as a source of gathering primary data. SPSS is used as tool for analysis of data. Cross tabulation is applied on
each variable. Chi square test is also applied to investigate the relationship between total assets of firm and total
turnover of the firm according to primary capital budgeting technique used. Findings of this study reveal that net
present value method and internal rate of return are two mostly used methods. Findings also show that there is no
relationship between the total assets of the firms and turnover of the firm according to capital budgeting
technique used by firms. These results are well supported by the literature.
The Impact of Corruption on Firm Performance: Evidence from PakistanMuhammad Arslan
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of bribery on firm performance and provides quantitative
estimates of the impact of corruption on the performance of the firm. Impact of bribery is checked through the
questionnaire which is distributed among 100 respondents. In theoretical framework, firm performance is
dependent variable and bribery is independent variable. The correlation between firm performance and bribery
which is measure in obtaining more government contracts in questioner and bribery which is measure as cost of
obtaining the contracts is (r = -0.8012) having negative association between them. The size value of correlation
is (r = -0.0074 & -0.0056) showing that the size is not important in bribery and have subsequently have no affect
on firm performance. The value of R-Square in table 2 is close to 0.649 which indicate very well fit to data. It
means that almost 65 % change is due to the response variable (bribery). F-test value is very significant in both
table showing that the model is best fitted with the data. Sample size is one of the study limitation which could
be removed in future research by enlarging sample size.
Effect of Employee Satisfaction on Intrapreneurship: An Analysis from Service...Muhammad Arslan
This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between employee satisfaction and intrapreneurship in the service
industry of Pakistan. In the competitive global environment, innovativeness in the products and services along
with new technology advancements is key for the success of firms. In existing firms, the new idea generation and
new business expansions in existing markets is a very crucial element. For achieving this objective,
organizations rely upon their employees because the intrapreneurs are employees of the firm. Employee plays an
important role in entrepreneurial activities. For getting the best out of the employees employee satisfaction with
the job is a crucial element which may depend on several factors. Organizational characteristics ,values and
employee related factors can lead an organization toward internal advancements like technology development,
generation of ideas or self-renewal process and innovativeness in products/services and new business expansions
that all will ultimately lead organization toward the more productivity and firm growth and business
development. Survey based study has been done and the data has been collected through a survey Questionnaire.
Sample of the study is 150 employees from the service sector of Pakistan. To check the relationship between the
variables the multiple response method has been used. With the help of statistical software SPSS cross tabs
tables has been generated. The findings of study reveal that role clarity and role conflict among the employees or
the relationship between the employees along with remuneration, general satisfaction with the work and job
stability of the employee decide about the employee satisfaction. Employee satisfaction has a positive
relationship with the intrapreneurship.
Unemployment and Its Determinants:A Study of Pakistan Economy (1999-2010)Muhammad Arslan
This study has been conducted to determine the determinants which cause the unemployment in economy of
Pakistan for the period of 1999-2010. Unemployment is political and social issue in all the countries. In this
foreign direct investment, gross domestic product rate, CPI based inflation rate and population growth rate is
taken as explanatory variables. In this study ordinary least square model is used for determining the results.
Findings of this paper shows that foreign direct investment, gross domestic product rate and CPI based inflation
rate has negative impact on unemployment. Population growth rate has positive relationship with unemployment
and it contributes to unemployment. This study also confirmed the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.
The Impact of Monetary Policy on Financial Performance: Evidence from Banking...Muhammad Arslan
Interest rate an important indicator of monetary policy always has major impact on financial sector performance.
The purpose of this paper is to enlightened the monetary policy effect on banking sector stability and performance
by investigating the casual relationship between interest rate imposed by state bank of Pakistan and bank financial
performance taken as ROA and ROE. Highlighting the importance of monetary policy in banking sector, this study
shall focus in depth over its impact on performance of banking industry of Pakistan by studying monetary
transmission over the past five year (2007-2011), using interest rate as its measure. Using correlation analysis
followed by ordinary Least Square regression carries the empirical analysis of the study. Firm size is taken as
control variables for the study as firm size have significant impact on financial performance of banks. The finding of
study reveal that interest rate taken as measure for monetary policy has significant inverse relationship on firm
financial performance measured, which is measured by ROA and ROE.
Impact of Social Media on Organizational Culture: Evidence from PakistanMuhammad Arslan
This paper investigates the impact of social Media on Organizational culture. The approach used in this paper
was to give the application and significance of development of Social media for organizations. With an
introduction to social media, organizational culture is focused by studying communication, business focus,
workplace harmony, workplace behaviors, and business discipline. A self-administered survey is used to collect
responses from employees working at different organizations through e-mail and various social media tools. The
main result of the research is the validation of the research framework of employees operating in the SME’s of
Pakistan. It has been found that organizational culture is considerably affected by development and application
of social media for business related activities in organizations.
Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: The Role of Transparency & Disclos...Muhammad Arslan
Purpose: This purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between transparency and disclosure and firm performance. Highlighting the importance of corporate governance in banking sector, the paper has focused in depth over its role, level and its impact on performance in banking industry of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The paper access this purpose by constructing transparency and disclosure index for the past five year 2007-2011, using proxies for three sub-categories which are board and management structure disclosure, ownership structure disclosure and financial transparency disclosure. The paper also investigated structural changes of T&D Index and its effect on bank financial performance over the sample of 30 banks operating in Pakistan. Findings: Empirical analysis results by using ordinary least square regression model, reveals that financial performance is positively related to the transparency and disclosure and their sub levels except ownership structure disclosure which has negative relation with both ROA and ROE. Furthermore the average T&D level in Pakistani banking sector is above average. Practical implications: The current research paper aims for important policy implementation to reduce information asymmetry and improve corporate governance and firm performance in banking sector of Pakistan.
Effects of Pre-Announced Product Characteristics on Customer’s Purchase Inten...Muhammad Arslan
The purpose of this paper is to analyze that which attributes of NPP effect on the customer decision-making
regarding the purchase intention of the customer. As in the customer decision making process, persuasion stage
have most influencing effect in which the attributes of the new product seems to be have a strong impact on the
purchase intention; this paper aims to empirically verify the effects of the attributes of the new product on the
customer’s purchase intention for the new preannounced product. Adopted questioners were used as primary
source for data collection and cross tabulation method is used to analyze the data. The finding of this paper
shows the positive impact of relative advantage, compatibility, obserbility and triablity on the customer’s
purchase intention while the complexity has the negative relation to the purchase intention. By having these
aspects in view it will be helpful to get succeed the new product. This paper provide a framework that how new
products can be more successful and more quickly diffused in the market and let consumers to post pond their
needs until the arrival of the product. This can also be helpful to increase the percentage of the innovators in the
diffusion cycle of the innovation.
Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on Financial Performance: A Study of Oil ...Muhammad Arslan
The study examines the Intellectual Capital (IC) performance of oil and gas sector of Pakistan over the period of 2007 to 2011 and its impact on corporate financial returns. The study uses value added intellectual coefficient (VAICit™) to measure IC performance and its various components of VAICit™ like (HCEit, SCEit and CEEit) and its impact on financial performance (ROEit, ROIit and EPSit). Micro panel data of oil and gas sector registered in KSE-100 index is collected from their consolidated annual reports over the period of 2007 to 2011. The IC performance is measured by Ante Pulic Model (VAICit™) and its effect on corporate returns (ROEit, ROIit and EPSit) is tested by Random Effect Model estimation. Hausman test suggests that study accepts null hypothesis (Chi2. Prop > 0.05) where for ui is uncorrelated with regressor means that random effect is preferred versus alternative fixed effect in all the proposed research models. The study reveals that VA is considered an important component for measuring the VAICit™ performance and it has positive and significant relationship with firm’s profitability (EPSit) and HCEit and SCEit have positive and significant relationship with firm’s financial performance (ROEit and ROIit) respectively. So, this study explores that Intellectual Capital Efficiency (ICE) has relatively larger contribution for measuring the VAICit™ performance where HCEit and SCEit execute substantive role to accelerate the financial performance of oil and gas sector of Pakistan as compare to tangible assets.
Impact of Brand Image and Service Quality on Consumer Purchase Intention: A S...Muhammad Arslan
The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between brand image, service quality and price on
consumer purchase intention. Normative and informative susceptibility has indirect effect on consumer purchase
intention. The empirical analysis were determined by collecting data from sample of 301 consumers of large
retail stores. The findings of study reveal the positive effect of brand image and service quality on consumer
purchase intention. Results reveal the insignificant relationship between price and consumer purchase intention.
The findings also documented that consumers in large retail stores don’t bother prices because consumers
consider that the stores charge reasonable prices. Most of consumer’s purchases depend upon the brand image
and service quality. Normative and informative susceptibility have positive effect on brand image. The
recommendations and suggestions are very helpful for managers and operators of large stores. Brand image
depends on informative and normative susceptibility.
Impact of Social Media on Organizational Culture: Evidence from PakistanMuhammad Arslan
This paper investigates the impact of social Media on Organizational culture. The approach used in this paper
was to give the application and significance of development of Social media for organizations. With an
introduction to social media, organizational culture is focused by studying communication, business focus,
workplace harmony, workplace behaviors, and business discipline. A self-administered survey is used to collect
responses from employees working at different organizations through e-mail and various social media tools. The
main result of the research is the validation of the research framework of employees operating in the SME’s of
Pakistan. It has been found that organizational culture is considerably affected by development and application
of social media for business related activities in organizations.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Effect of Parenting Style on Child Behavior: A Qualitative Analysis
1. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol.5, No.26, 2014
112
Effect of Parenting Style on Child Behavior: A Qualitative
Analysis
Rashid Zaman1
(corresponding author)
MPhil (Management Sciences)
Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan ,PO box 44000, E-8, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: rashidzamantanoli@gmail.com
Muhammad Arslan2
Visiting Lecturer (SZABIST) & Department Coordinator (SEECS, NUST)
MPhil (MS), Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: Muhammadarslan73@gmail.com
Dr Rashida Khatoon Malik3
Head of Campus
SZABIST, Islamabad,PO box 44000, H-8/4, Islamabad, Pakistan
Asif Mehmood4
MBA (Human Resource Management)
AIlama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad,PO box 44000, H-8/4, Islamabad, Pakistan
Abstract
Parting styles and its impact of child behavior is core phenomena of behavioral science that needs specific
attention from researcher and practitioner around the globe. The purpose of present qualitative study is to explore
the new trend of parenting style emerging in the society and their impact on child behaviors by using
unstructured interviews trough homogeneous sampling of parents located in Islamabad and native areas. The
data gathered from unstructured interviews was transcribed and processed through thematic analysis using N-
Vivo 10 software. The findings of study reveal the notion that ultimately behavior of child depends upon
parenting style and many factors contribute in shaping parenting style that may be external environment, support,
love, affection and opportunities. Effective communication is the ultimately outcome that is effective among
majority of parents and that can be used by parents in accessing their child behavior and adjusting their parenting
strategies
Keywords: Communication, Support, Affection, Authoritative,
1. INTRODUCTION
Authorities on the child behavior development generally accepted the assumption that parents, as primary
caregivers exert the original perhaps the more significance influence on the development of the child (Pretorius,
2000). A child development is therefore strongly influence by the parenting style, his environment and culture in
which they grow (Louw, 2004). Therefore relationship between parent and children is utmost important. The
nature of interaction, discipline and dealing with the child behavior and emotions has explicit impact on child
development. The example set by parents is extremely important as a basis for interpersonal relation and social
behavior. There is a growing concern about the child behavior in the society; the parents play a significant role in
shaping the behavior of the children. Not all parenting styles are alike. What individual do as parents depends,
somewhat on how they were brought up as child? What they observe in other family and what they have been
taught. Parenting is never easy as the child whole behavior depends on which ground the child was brought up?
There is insidious assumption that accurate and apt expectation for children behavior is one of the foremost
factors, which contributes to parent’s ability to stern young children well. Now a day’s support, monitoring and
discipline are central dimensions of parental behavior that are linked with child behavior and child development.
Parents competency is multidimensional construct with diverse behavior (Brink , 2006) , affective (Barbara,
2004), and cognitive (Coleman & Karraker, 2000) components’ personal central cognitive element of parenting
competence is parenting self efficacy, which may be defined as parents self-referent estimations of competence
in the parental role or as parents perception of their ability to positively influence the behavior and development
of their children. In general it’s the parent’s ability to cope with the child developments needs and take necessary
action to monitor and control the child activities and influence on his behavior .Now a days in Pakistani society
depression among community is increasing because of socio and economic crises. These characteristics indulged
on each and every aspect of living norms and culture. The behavioral paradigm has been affected with these
issues including the parenting styles and there is a specific transformation of parenting style. The technological
advancement is also leading the behavioral aspect of country. The parents now a day’s use the support and
2. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
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113
affection strategy on the developing the child. Monitoring involves supervising children activities, keeping track
of children’s activities and their peer relation and requires conformity to family and community norms. When
children misbehave, some parents turn to use coercive form of discipline where as some parents rely on non
coercive methods such as they discussed the consequences of their behavior and make negotiation with them so
that they can understand the myth behind the panorama furthermore make correction of their behavior. A large
body of research indices that the optimum behavior of the children depend upon the parenting style (Barbara,
2004) and (Brink , 2006). Numerous research has documented the inter-generational continuity of parenting
indicative of that present day parent tend to use similar parenting strategies or practices that they themselves
received in their child hood (Bifulco, et al., 2002) .Children behavior are action in response to many internal and
external influences (Osborne & Fincham, 1996). Possible internal influences of behavior are genes; metabolism,
age and gender while external influences of behavior are parental behavior and peer models (Hops, Davis, Leve,
& Sheebe, 2003). Income of parents also play significant role in behavior of parents (Arslan & Zaman, 2014).
Many factors therefore tend to influence development the temperament and ability of the children, the care they
receive from their parents and concerned others, the environment on which they grow up, the opportunities
provided, the support available when in need or distress and role models who represent values and goals they can
identity withy. Parent plays a vitally important role in most of these aspects (Morawska,Winter, & Sanders,
2009). The researchers also argued that pre-announced product characteristics have effect on customer purchase
intention (Zaman & Arslan, 2014). There are many books and guidelines for the parents on how to deal with
their children and how to go about raising children or coping skills. However little seems to be known about the
nature of parenting style used new gerenertation on developing their children. The literature also supports that
parent’s attitude have significant impact on children purchase intention ( Arslan et al. 2014). The purpose
of the study is to explore the new trend of parenting style in the society and its impact on the child behavior. The
value of this study is to obtain the information on the different parenting styles and their impact on children
behavior. This research aims to enlighten parents with information on parenting style widely used among
society. Parents of particular group can benefit from the study by monitoring and effectively employing the
finding of the study during developing cyclic stage of their young once. In order to explore the phenomenon of
parenting and child behavior following working hypothesis are proposed
What major factors contribute in determining parenting style?
Which style is appropriate in shaping the child behavior?
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Research Design
The research was conducted according to the qualitative approach, which is a naturalistic approach. The
research design selected to sampling, data collection technique and analysis procedures are also qualitative. The
ability of qualitative data to more fully describe the phenomenon is an important consideration not only from the
researcher point of view but also from the reader point of view. It provides the in depth knowledge in naturalistic
environment (Ezzy, 2002). Qualitative research report typically rich with details and explore the phenomenon in
depth while using the natural contextual setting. Qualitative research also provides harmony and generalizability
to readers.
2.2 Sample
The sampling strategy in the study is purposeful sampling because in this strategy the small sample that
has been systematically selected for typically relatively homogeneity provides far more confidence that the
conclusion adequately represent the average members of the population than does a sample of the same size that
incorporates substantial random variations (Henry, 1990) For exploring the impact of parenting style on children
behavior, sample of twenty respondent are selected (14 male employee and 6 female house wife) having two or
more children, in office or home setting.
2.3 Collection of Data
The current research haze employed in depth interview to gain the insight knowledge of the
phenomenon under study. Unstructured interviews were used to gain the in-depth immersion about the effective
parenting style and its effect on child behavior. The unit of analysis, which is incorporated in the current research
stream, is parents having two or more children across different field level. Fourteen of the interviewees were
male and only six of them are female because the limited approach is available to the housewives. Extensive
literature on parenting style and its impact on children behavior was reviewed by using open-ended question
from the parents. The average mean duration of the interviews was 20 to 30 minute of each. The issues of
confidentiality and ethical consideration were taken in to account. A formal informed consent prior to interview
has been obtained from each respondent for using of digitalized audio recording.
2.3 Data Analysis
The transcription process despite its being a momentous element in data analysis and central in
qualitative research, was used in the study. NVIVO 10 software is used to analyze the unstructured qualitative
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data. The first step towards the data analysis is importing the data to internal source in NVIVO. The second steps
are to transcribe the recorded interviews carefully and correctly. After transcription the Auto coding is run on all
the recorded interviews. After making nodes does transcribing the process of coding demanded by the
transcribed data. Different reports of the qualitative data generated by NVIVO software are mainly, word
frequency report, tree map, tag cloud and model of the effective style of parenting are analyzed in depth to
understand about the phenomena in depth.
3. RESULTS
In current research tributary, through homogeneous purposeful sampling of twenty parents (fourteen
males; six females) from different context of society from Islamabad near village were obtained which having
two or more children. Employing systematic and purposive sampling yielded data from twenty interviews
ranging between 20 to 30 minutes.
The following table from N-Vivo 10 reviews the words frequency report about the unstructured recorded
interviewed.
Table 1: Graphical Chart of Word Frequency Query Report.
Word frequency query report the list of most frequently occurring words in the sources. It only provides the
detail about the contextual content of the sources. Through the contextual content of the sources table 1 report
about the major themes when farmers were discussing about the parenting style. Examination of the report shows
that the 10 to 20% of the contextual content of the sources is discussion about the word “support”. During the
process of interviews and transcription it was noted that respondent respond that the environment in which the
children are brought up have the major impact on child behavior.30 to 40 % of harsh punishment word usage
reveals that majority of parents are in favor of using harsh behavior and awarding punishment to their child in
Pakistani context setting. In depth analysis of the transcripted data shows that the majority of parents uses it in
avidness sense that harsh punishment should be avoided and it have the negative impact on child behavior.
Similarly confident term covers the 30 to 35 % context, transcripted data shows that communication having 50 to
60 % revealing that communication is one of best source in dealing with child. In details analysis of transcripted
material shows that parents consistently used word love and monitor, shows paradigm is shifting from typical
extreme behavior to rather soft and patience dealing with children. Previous stated literature shows that word
frequency report only the list of word repeatedly used by responded during interview. The word frequency
provide the in depth analysis of the contextual material. The summary of the text query is further plotted in the
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report presented below in the form of tree map in table 3.
Table 3 Tree Map of Word Frequency Query
Table 4 Significance of Nodes Compared by Codes
Table 4 shows the results about the main theme generated about the good parenting practices, personal
traits and knowledge of parenting among parents. When asked by good parenting practices, communication
codes cover a lot of area as compared to love and affection, harsh punishment and environment. The in depth
analysis of good parenting practices shows that communication between parents and children in conflict state
serve the most effected tool, which have impact on good parenting practices. In second case most of the
interviewee stated that social environment plays a role in shaping the personal traits of the child than parents
himself followed by inherited practices. Exploring the result of third codes it is clear that majority of people are
aware with the term parenting and have the sound knowledge about parenting.
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Table 5: Word Tree of the “Effective Parenting”: text search query.
For analysis of the unstructured data the result of word tree are useful for the understanding of
contextual setting of the world used in interview transcription process. To analyze the qualitative unstructured
data word tree result preview are useful to comprehend the contextual setting of the word used in transcription
and interview process. Word text query is an effective tool to explore the characteristic of the associated words
in the logical framework. The word tree solely represent the personal perception about the parenting style and
their impact on .From the table 4 which revolves around the perception of interviews we found that parenting
meaning as it is associated with development and bringing up of children. Secondly we assume the good
parenting, which is treatment of child with care and affection. Thirdly by analyzing in detail we found the
different characteristic that has impact on child behavior such as atmosphere and environment. These two plays
comprehensive role in shaping the behavior of the children.
Table 6: Model of Study
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The model generated by the N-vivo 10 software after the coding of the data represented in table 6.Table
6 reports the qualitative model of the study generated by NVIVO 10 software. The objective of the study was to
explore the core characteristic of parenting style having effect on child .The circular model represent the effect
of different themes of parenting style on child behavior. The base of the model was codes, which were generated
from nodes of the source data. Analysis of model shows that different characteristic of parenting like love,
affection, environment, atmosphere and communication has a vast impact on child behavior. Good parenting is
explore by effective communication,, atmosphere and affection, which social atmosphere, genetic and parents
self feeling has related with traits pertaining to child behavior.
4. DISCUSSION
The purpose of the study is to explore the new trend of parenting style in the society and its impact on the child
behavior. This research aims to enlighten parents with information on parenting style used in the society.
Unstructured interviews were used to gain the in-depth immersion about the effective parenting style and its
effect on child behavior. The unit of analysis, which is incorporated in the current research stream, is parents
having two or more children across different field level. Eight of the interviewees were male and only two of
them are female because the limited approach is available to the housewives. Different characteristic of
parenting style and their impact on child behavior is effectively explored the value of this study is to obtain the
information on the different parenting styles and their impact on children behavior. Parents of fastidious group
will benefit from the result of the post research by receiving valuable and realistic feedback after completion of
the study. The finding of the study suggests that there is definite effect of parenting style on the child behavior
and parents of the studied generation prefer communication over harsh punishment, love over hate and support
their children for getting effective confidence. Which are best aligned with previous studies Chen & Kaplan,
(2001) stated that parenting practices are associated with child behavior and child adjusted their behavior in the
light of their styles. (Ferrari, 2002) (Mandara , 2006)(Morawska, Winter, & Sanders, 2009). Many factors tend
to persuade development temperament and ability of the children, the care they receive from their parents and
concerned others, the environment on which they grow up, the opportunities provided, the support available
when in need or distress and role models who represent values and goals they can identity withy. Parent plays a
vitally important role in most of these aspects (Pretorrius, 2000).
4.1 Characteristics of Good Parenting
Effective communication is the hub of good parenting practices. Analysis of data in the study also
showed that majority of good parenting is connected with effective communication. Parents support their child
and preferred communication in case of conflict .The opinion drawn from the contextual analysis of data also
explore that parents regards effective communication with child as a good parenting practice followed by love
and affection and context on which they reside. The result about the confidence is associated with harsh
punishment (Stewart, Reilly, & Hughes, 2009). Majority of parents used the word harsh punishment with
confidence in context that harsh punishment would likely be shatter child confidence. Which suggest that
currently the supportive role in parenting practice was generally accepted principle among parents.
4.2 Personal Traits of Child
When asked about the personal trait of child most of the parents thought that social environment and
their inherited behavior shape the trait of child .the outcome is supported by the literature. A child development
is strongly influence by the parenting style, his environment and culture in which they grow (Maggi, Irwin,
Siddiqi, & Hertzman, 2010). Therefore the relationship between parent and children is extreme important.
5. CONCLUSION
This study explores the new trend of parenting style in the society and its impact on the child behavior.
This research aims to enlighten parents with information on parenting style used in the society. Unstructured
interviews were used to gain the in-depth immersion about the effective parenting style and its effect on child
behavior. The unit of analysis, which is incorporated in the current research stream, is parents having two or
more children5 across different field level. Parents when asked by good parenting practices; communication
covers a lot of area as compared to love and affection, harsh punishment and environment. The in depth analysis
of good parenting practices shows that communication between parents and children in conflict state serve the
most affected tool, which have impact on good parenting practices. In second case when asked by personal traits
of child, most of the interviewee stated that social environment plays a role in shaping the personal traits of the
child than parents self reflexive’s followed by inherited practices. The exploration of parenting knowledge, it has
cleared that majority of people were aware with the term parenting and have the sound knowledge about
parenting.
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