This document summarizes and discusses a research study on adolescent-parent disagreements and how they are influenced by ethnic and developmental factors. The study examined differences in how European American, Mexican American, Korean American, and Armenian American adolescents responded to hypothetical disagreement scenarios involving topics like chores, dating, and family rules. The findings are connected to self-determination theory and the psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Parenting styles from different cultures are also explored, along with how Arab families balance traditional collectivist values with Western individualism. The document includes activities for discussing concepts from the research and raises further questions about how financial independence and living in home countries might impact adolescents' reactions to conflicts with parents.

1. Presented by
Abeer Alamri
Adolescent-Parent
Disagreements

3.  Phinney et al. Research Overview
 Connecting the Study Findings with the self-
Determination (STD) Theory
 Activity (1)
 Parenting Styles
 Culture and Social Pictures From Arab World
 Activity (2)
 Further Questions

4. Autonomy and relatedness in adolescent-parent
disagreements: Ethnic and developmental factors
By
Phinney, J. S., Kim-Jo, T., Osorio, S., & Vilhjalmsdottir, P. (2005)

5. Research Overview
Phinney et al. (2005)
Purpose Hypotheses Methodology
participants
Survey-tool
Analyses
Results(19-22)
from each group

6. The Six Hypothetical Vignettes
 Chores
 Concert
 Family dinner
 Major
 Dating
 Moving out

7. Early
Adolescents
Increasing
Years
Late
European Americans

8. Findings’ Comparison of the Four Ethnic Groups
European Americans
Mexican Americans
Korean Americans
Armenian Americans

9. Connecting the Study Findings with the Self-
Determination (STD) Theory

10. “Innate psychological
needs for competence,
autonomy, and
relatedness must be
considered.”
(Deci & Ryan, 2000)

11. Relatedness refers to the desire to feel connected
to others to love and care, and to be loved and
cared for.
Autonomy refers to volition -the organismic
desire to self- organize experience and behavior
and to have activity be concordant with one's
integrated sense of self.

12. “When people's goal-directed behavior is
autonomous rather than controlled, the correlates and
consequences are more positive in terms of the
quality of their behavior as well as their health and
well-being” (Deci & Ryan, (2000) p.243)

13. “According to SDT, these three needs can be satisfied
while engaging in a wide variety of behaviors that may
differ among individuals and be differentially manifest
in different cultures, but in any case their satisfaction
is essential for the healthy development and wellbeing
of all individuals regardless of culture.”

14. Activity (1)
In the coming slide, there are two quotes retrieved from the
STD theory from Deci & Ryan (2000).
With the person who sits next to you:
1)Discuses these statements,
2) compare your ideas about the statements with Phinney et
al. article,
3)share with us 

15. “The concept of autonomy is far less prevalent in empirical
psychology than are the ideas of competence and
relatedness. And indeed, when it is discussed it is often
incorrectly equated with the ideas of internal locus of
control, independence, or individualism. For us, however,
autonomy concerns the experience of integration and
freedom, and it is an essential aspect of healthy human
functioning”
“The three basic psychological needs in STD are
universal which could be applied from culture to
culture”

17. Parenting Styles
Diana Blumberg Baumrind
(born August 23, 1927) is a
clinical and developmental
psychologist known for her
research on parenting styles
and for her critique of the use
of deception in psychological
research.

18. Parenting styles were based on two aspects:
Parental responsiveness, which refers to the degree the
parent responds to the child's needs.
Parental demandingness which is the extent to which the
parent expects more mature and responsible behavior from a
child.

19. Parenting Styles
Indulgent parents (also referred to as “permissive” or
“nondirective”) “are more responsive than they are
demanding. They are nontraditional and lenient, do not
require mature behavior, allow considerable self
regulation, and avoid confrontation” (Baumrind, 1991,
p.62).

20. Authoritarian parents are highly demanding and directive,
but not responsive. “They are obedience- and status-
oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without
explanation” (Baumrind, 1991, p. 62).
These parents provide well-ordered and structured
environments with clearly stated rules.
Parenting Styles

21. Authoritative parents are both demanding and
responsive. “They monitor and impart clear
standards for their children’s conduct. They are
assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their
disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than
punitive. They want their children to be assertive as
well as socially responsible, and self regulated as
well as cooperative”
Parenting Styles

22. Uninvolved parents are low in both responsiveness and
demandingness. In extreme cases, this parenting style
might encompass both rejecting–neglecting and
neglectful parents, although most parents of this type fall
within the normal range.
Parenting Styles

23. Cross-cultural study conducted in Eight Arab countries:
Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt, Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon, the
Palestinian occupied territories, and Israel
A sample of 3,022 rural and urban Arab adolescents in the
11th grade of school (16-17 years old).
Culture and Social Pictures From Arab world

24. Contrary to the positive attitude toward individuation in the West, the
collective and authoritarian (tight or uncertainty-avoidant) culture does
not appreciate autonomy but rather considers it a threat to the harmony
of the collective.
The family (extended and nuclear) is more important than the
individual. Children grow up with values of loyalty to and respect for
their families. The socialization of children relies very much on
punishment to enforce values, norms, and behavioral manners
Arab individuals possess a collective identity. The self is not
completely individuated, but rather the person continues to be
enmeshed in the collective family identity. Self-concept is very
much a reflection of family approval, and self-esteem is very much a
reflection of the familial affiliation.

25. Many Arabs developed negative attitudes toward Western
culture as part of their resistance and their need to preserve
their own identity and culture.
However, Arab families are influenced by two cultural
frames of reference: the Arab Muslim authoritarian-
collective culture and the Western liberal individualistic
culture.

26. Results show that all parenting styles differed across
Arab societies.
Cluster analysis revealed three combined parenting
patterns: inconsistent (permissive and authoritarian),
controlling (authoritarian and authoritative), and flexible
(authoritative and permissive).

27.  Parenting styles were varied across Arab countries (societies)
 In traditional countries such as Yemen and Saudi Arabia, tending to
be more authoritarian than parenting styles in modern countries such
as Lebanon and Jordan.
 The parenting styles applied to girls tend to be more authoritative
and less authoritarian than those applied to boys.
 Parenting in rural areas tends to be more authoritarian.
 First born children experience less authoritarian and more
permissive parenting styles
 The socioeconomic level of the family has a positive correlation with
permissive and authoritative parenting styles and a negative
correlation with the authoritarian style.
Take away points

28. Activity (2)
What other aspects in addition to culture / ethnic may
cause the youth conflicts?

29. From Youth & Conflict, UN
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/ch14.pdf

30. Further questions regarding this topic
Whether the same ethnic youths would have the
same reactions and reasons if they financially self
sufficient?
 How would we rate the sense of acquiescence,
negotiation and self-assertion for the adolescents
when they live in their original countries?

31. Thank you
Questions?