The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between brand image, service quality and price on
consumer purchase intention. Normative and informative susceptibility has indirect effect on consumer purchase
intention. The empirical analysis were determined by collecting data from sample of 301 consumers of large
retail stores. The findings of study reveal the positive effect of brand image and service quality on consumer
purchase intention. Results reveal the insignificant relationship between price and consumer purchase intention.
The findings also documented that consumers in large retail stores don’t bother prices because consumers
consider that the stores charge reasonable prices. Most of consumer’s purchases depend upon the brand image
and service quality. Normative and informative susceptibility have positive effect on brand image. The
recommendations and suggestions are very helpful for managers and operators of large stores. Brand image
depends on informative and normative susceptibility.
Impact of Key Purchasing Determinants on Purchase Intention of Hybrid Vehicle...University of Kelaniya
According to Researchers knowledge this is the first research on purchase intentions of Hybrid Vehicles in
Sri Lanka. This research has been done to determine the purchase intention of Hybrid Vehicles in Sri Lanka.
This research article focuses mainly on determining the links between customer’s environmental attitudes,
subjective norms, price perception, preferences, knowledge, perceived risk, intentions as well as expectations
of the customers given to the environment while buying a hybrid vehicle. The research survey questionnaires
were developed to get information for each and every aspect mentioned in the objectives. To go deep in to
the study areas researcher referred secondary data sources such as other research studies that were done in
Tokyo Japan and India. The data for the present work has been collected personally by the researcher as well
as helps has been taken from others in getting structured non- disguised questionnaire filled properly. By
using the snowball sampling, 200 survey questioners were distributed and 150 useable responses were taken
in to this research. All the responses were collected online and taken them to one data base for the purpose
of analyzing. For this study, respondents who were identified as “being in the market” and other potential
respondents who intended to purchase cars in the near future. After the analysis has been done researcher
has identified the impact of predetermined variables over buying intention of Hybrids vehicles in Sri Lanka.
As per the results, researcher has also come up with the managerial implications of the study and
recommendations.
Impact of social branding on purchase intention: An empirical study of social...Sparkles Soft
Impact of social branding on purchase intention: An empirical study of social media websites.
Writer
Jahanzeb Khan
SPARKLES SOFT
www.sparklessoft.com
MobileWhatsApp/Viber: 00923004604250
00923124604250
Skype sparkles.soft
Vonage/Viber 00923004604250
thesis help, uk dissertation help, custom thesis writing in uk, uk mba thesis,
The Effect of Social Media Marketing To Brand Loyalty (Case Study at the Univ...inventionjournals
Social media marketing is one medium that can be used to build and maintain brand loyalty. This study aims to determine the effect of campaigns advantageous offer, offer relevant contents, offer popular content, apprears on various platforms, offer applications on social media brand loyalty conducted at the University Budi Luhur, Jakarta. Data analysis used regression method with 325 respondents. The sampling technique used a proportional random sampling. Validity and reliability tests are used in testing instruments. The results of this study indicate that offer advantageous campaigns, offer relevant contents, offer popular content, apprears on various platforms, offer applications on social media has a significant influence on brand loyalty. The benefit of social media marketing is one of them as a customer relationship management. Suggestions for further research are able to use variables such as trust and service quality
A study on Gen y consumer attitude toward social media marketing in TrichyAnup Mohan
This study aims to specify Generation Y consumers’ attitude toward social media marketing. Given this context the questionnaire prepared for gathering data was distributed among 150 students of Jamal Mohamed College,Trichy belonging to age group 18-33 during August 2013.This research paper is based on my M.Phil dissertation.
Impact of Key Purchasing Determinants on Purchase Intention of Hybrid Vehicle...University of Kelaniya
According to Researchers knowledge this is the first research on purchase intentions of Hybrid Vehicles in
Sri Lanka. This research has been done to determine the purchase intention of Hybrid Vehicles in Sri Lanka.
This research article focuses mainly on determining the links between customer’s environmental attitudes,
subjective norms, price perception, preferences, knowledge, perceived risk, intentions as well as expectations
of the customers given to the environment while buying a hybrid vehicle. The research survey questionnaires
were developed to get information for each and every aspect mentioned in the objectives. To go deep in to
the study areas researcher referred secondary data sources such as other research studies that were done in
Tokyo Japan and India. The data for the present work has been collected personally by the researcher as well
as helps has been taken from others in getting structured non- disguised questionnaire filled properly. By
using the snowball sampling, 200 survey questioners were distributed and 150 useable responses were taken
in to this research. All the responses were collected online and taken them to one data base for the purpose
of analyzing. For this study, respondents who were identified as “being in the market” and other potential
respondents who intended to purchase cars in the near future. After the analysis has been done researcher
has identified the impact of predetermined variables over buying intention of Hybrids vehicles in Sri Lanka.
As per the results, researcher has also come up with the managerial implications of the study and
recommendations.
Impact of social branding on purchase intention: An empirical study of social...Sparkles Soft
Impact of social branding on purchase intention: An empirical study of social media websites.
Writer
Jahanzeb Khan
SPARKLES SOFT
www.sparklessoft.com
MobileWhatsApp/Viber: 00923004604250
00923124604250
Skype sparkles.soft
Vonage/Viber 00923004604250
thesis help, uk dissertation help, custom thesis writing in uk, uk mba thesis,
The Effect of Social Media Marketing To Brand Loyalty (Case Study at the Univ...inventionjournals
Social media marketing is one medium that can be used to build and maintain brand loyalty. This study aims to determine the effect of campaigns advantageous offer, offer relevant contents, offer popular content, apprears on various platforms, offer applications on social media brand loyalty conducted at the University Budi Luhur, Jakarta. Data analysis used regression method with 325 respondents. The sampling technique used a proportional random sampling. Validity and reliability tests are used in testing instruments. The results of this study indicate that offer advantageous campaigns, offer relevant contents, offer popular content, apprears on various platforms, offer applications on social media has a significant influence on brand loyalty. The benefit of social media marketing is one of them as a customer relationship management. Suggestions for further research are able to use variables such as trust and service quality
A study on Gen y consumer attitude toward social media marketing in TrichyAnup Mohan
This study aims to specify Generation Y consumers’ attitude toward social media marketing. Given this context the questionnaire prepared for gathering data was distributed among 150 students of Jamal Mohamed College,Trichy belonging to age group 18-33 during August 2013.This research paper is based on my M.Phil dissertation.
The effect of social media on consumer's decision making process among ibep s...Niswatun Chaira
Social media is a virtual place which can be Blogs and different websites are used by individuals or
companies to share about them and their products trough internet. Kaplan and Haenlein (2010)
conceptualized social media as an internet-based program that provides a platform for consumers to
express their own opinions, share information and past experiences using different social networks, blogs
and other content areas.
The efficiency of social media has empowered the marketers and customers with fast interaction and
communication processes to enhance customer service, increase brand awareness and build strong
customer–brand relationships. Using social media tools, consumers will have the chance to express their
opinions to a larger number of individuals and also find the desired information quickly without incurring
much cost (Severi et al., 2014).
This study aimed to determine how the influence of social media for purchase making process. According
to result that got from survey or questionnaire, consumer’s decision making influenced by the Informative
and the alternative of social media.
Exploring the role of the online customer experience in the firm’s multichann...philippklaus
The concept of online customer service experience (OCSE) has recently received great interest from academia and businesses alike. Despite the belief that providing superb online experiences will influence customers’ behaviour, most of the research focuses solely on the customer perspective rather than the firm’s strategic viewpoint. This study investigates current strategies of retail banking service, developing a much-needed typology of such practices. Based on in-depth interviews with senior executives, using the Emerging Consensus Technique (ECT) method, we explore firms offering more and more sophisticated online tools to compete for contemporary, digitalized customers. We propose a typology of online channel strategies and management based on five dimensions: (1) key objectives; (2) business processes; (3) benefits; (4) integration; and (5) outlook. Three emerging categories differentiate strategies and practice into introducers, converters and integrators. We highlight current and future roles of online channels, social media and their strategic implications for the financial services sector.
The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brandsJohnRandom
Researchers and brand managers have limited understanding of the effects social media communication has on how consumers perceive brands. We investigated 504 Facebook users in order to observe the impact of firm-created and user-generated (UG) social media communication on brand equity (BE), brand attitude (BA) and purchase intention (PI) by using a standardized online survey throughout Poland. To test the conceptual model, we analyzed 60 brands across three different industries: non-alcoholic beverages, clothing and mobile network operators. When analyzing the data, we applied the structural equation modeling technique to both investigate the interplay of firm-created and user-generated social media communication and examine industry-specific differences. The results of the empirical studies showed that user-generated social media communication had a positive influence on both brand equity and brand attitude, whereas firm-created social media communication affected only brand attitude. Both brand equity and brand attitude were shown to have a positive influence on purchase intention. In addition, we assessed measurement invariance using a multi-group structural modeling equation. The findings revealed that the proposed measurement model was invariant across the researched industries. However, structural path differences were detected across the models.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORK ON ONLINE PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERSRadhikaPatel78
This dissertation aims to explore the impact of social networks on online purchasing behaviour of consumers. This dissertation report commences by presenting a brief introduction about the social media and its implications, as a prerequisite to address the question whether Websites & its related applications like social media that can be considered as medium to influence online purchasing buying behaviour.
Customer's perception of public relation in e commerce and its impact on e-lo...Samar Rahi
This study aims to inspect the relationship between Customer’s Perception of Public Relation (PRP), Customer Perceived Value (CPV) on E-Loyalty; further test the moderating role of Switching Cost and Brand Image in that relationship.
Mediating Effects of Intention On The Factors Affecting Organic Food Products...CSCJournals
This study aimed to measure the effect of intention as a mediator in the relationship between internal factors and external factors on consumption. The factors were a) internal factors: knowledge, awareness, health consciousness, product attributes, environmental concern, and b) external factors: subjective norms, perceived behaviour control, and media and advertisement. From the review of literature, there were limited studies done on the mediating effect of intention on the relationship between (internal factor and external factors) and organic food product consumption among CGY in Malaysia. A total of 410 respondents completed the online questionnaires that evaluated the factors. Structural Equation Modelling was used as the main practical approach for data analysis. The results showed that intention was a full or a complete mediator between the six exogenous constructs; knowledge, health consciousness, product attributes, environmental concern, perceived behaviour, and media and advertisement, while it only acted as a partial mediator between subjective norm and consumption. However, the intention was not a full or a complete mediator between awareness and consumption. Eventually, the implications for theory improvement and practices were discussed.
The effect of social media on consumer's decision making process among ibep s...Niswatun Chaira
Social media is a virtual place which can be Blogs and different websites are used by individuals or
companies to share about them and their products trough internet. Kaplan and Haenlein (2010)
conceptualized social media as an internet-based program that provides a platform for consumers to
express their own opinions, share information and past experiences using different social networks, blogs
and other content areas.
The efficiency of social media has empowered the marketers and customers with fast interaction and
communication processes to enhance customer service, increase brand awareness and build strong
customer–brand relationships. Using social media tools, consumers will have the chance to express their
opinions to a larger number of individuals and also find the desired information quickly without incurring
much cost (Severi et al., 2014).
This study aimed to determine how the influence of social media for purchase making process. According
to result that got from survey or questionnaire, consumer’s decision making influenced by the Informative
and the alternative of social media.
Exploring the role of the online customer experience in the firm’s multichann...philippklaus
The concept of online customer service experience (OCSE) has recently received great interest from academia and businesses alike. Despite the belief that providing superb online experiences will influence customers’ behaviour, most of the research focuses solely on the customer perspective rather than the firm’s strategic viewpoint. This study investigates current strategies of retail banking service, developing a much-needed typology of such practices. Based on in-depth interviews with senior executives, using the Emerging Consensus Technique (ECT) method, we explore firms offering more and more sophisticated online tools to compete for contemporary, digitalized customers. We propose a typology of online channel strategies and management based on five dimensions: (1) key objectives; (2) business processes; (3) benefits; (4) integration; and (5) outlook. Three emerging categories differentiate strategies and practice into introducers, converters and integrators. We highlight current and future roles of online channels, social media and their strategic implications for the financial services sector.
The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brandsJohnRandom
Researchers and brand managers have limited understanding of the effects social media communication has on how consumers perceive brands. We investigated 504 Facebook users in order to observe the impact of firm-created and user-generated (UG) social media communication on brand equity (BE), brand attitude (BA) and purchase intention (PI) by using a standardized online survey throughout Poland. To test the conceptual model, we analyzed 60 brands across three different industries: non-alcoholic beverages, clothing and mobile network operators. When analyzing the data, we applied the structural equation modeling technique to both investigate the interplay of firm-created and user-generated social media communication and examine industry-specific differences. The results of the empirical studies showed that user-generated social media communication had a positive influence on both brand equity and brand attitude, whereas firm-created social media communication affected only brand attitude. Both brand equity and brand attitude were shown to have a positive influence on purchase intention. In addition, we assessed measurement invariance using a multi-group structural modeling equation. The findings revealed that the proposed measurement model was invariant across the researched industries. However, structural path differences were detected across the models.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORK ON ONLINE PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR OF CONSUMERSRadhikaPatel78
This dissertation aims to explore the impact of social networks on online purchasing behaviour of consumers. This dissertation report commences by presenting a brief introduction about the social media and its implications, as a prerequisite to address the question whether Websites & its related applications like social media that can be considered as medium to influence online purchasing buying behaviour.
Customer's perception of public relation in e commerce and its impact on e-lo...Samar Rahi
This study aims to inspect the relationship between Customer’s Perception of Public Relation (PRP), Customer Perceived Value (CPV) on E-Loyalty; further test the moderating role of Switching Cost and Brand Image in that relationship.
Mediating Effects of Intention On The Factors Affecting Organic Food Products...CSCJournals
This study aimed to measure the effect of intention as a mediator in the relationship between internal factors and external factors on consumption. The factors were a) internal factors: knowledge, awareness, health consciousness, product attributes, environmental concern, and b) external factors: subjective norms, perceived behaviour control, and media and advertisement. From the review of literature, there were limited studies done on the mediating effect of intention on the relationship between (internal factor and external factors) and organic food product consumption among CGY in Malaysia. A total of 410 respondents completed the online questionnaires that evaluated the factors. Structural Equation Modelling was used as the main practical approach for data analysis. The results showed that intention was a full or a complete mediator between the six exogenous constructs; knowledge, health consciousness, product attributes, environmental concern, perceived behaviour, and media and advertisement, while it only acted as a partial mediator between subjective norm and consumption. However, the intention was not a full or a complete mediator between awareness and consumption. Eventually, the implications for theory improvement and practices were discussed.
This study aims to prove and analyze the effect of consumer attitudes and physical
environment on purchasing decisions mediated by brand equity. The number of samples in this study
were 133 respondents, to answer the problem formulation in this study path analysis was used and
assisted by the SPSS version 17 statistical program
A Study on Buying Behavior of Retailers at Sri Jayalakshmi Garments Dindugulijtsrd
This paper is based on the study of how a Consumer as an individual or as a groups or organizations select, buy, use and dispose ideas, goods and services to satisfy their needs and wants. Retailers buying behavior is the result of the attitudes, references, intentions, and decisions made by the customers in the market place before buying a product. The objective of this study is to find the level of retailer's satisfaction, to identify the most influencing factor of buying behavior of retailers and to identify relationship between socio - economic variables and retailers buying behavior towards Sri Jayalakshmi Garments. The descriptive type of research is used in this study. The primary and secondary data are used for this study. The tool used is chi - square test. The population size is 150 and the sample size is 100. The study was restricted only to Dindugul district. A. Mohamed Bilal | A. Priyanka Jain | V. Priyanka "A Study on Buying Behavior of Retailers at Sri Jayalakshmi Garments Dindugul" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29164.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/29164/a-study-on-buying-behavior-of-retailers-at-sri-jayalakshmi-garments-dindugul/a-mohamed-bilal
Changing Dynamics of IT and Marketing Teams in the Procurement of Marketing T...Anurag Anwariya
With the increase of digitization in marketing, marketers are steering towards the purchase of technologies which enables them to make informed decisions. Initially marketers in association with their agencies were making the purchase decision of these marketing technologies without defining technical specifications. This ultimately led to the role conflict between IT and Marketing due to implementation challenges and lack of IT compliance. This white paper tries to bring forth the necessary viewpoints on how IT can play a vital role in executing marketing strategies and be the revenue generator of the organization. By collaborating both IT and Marketing teams can define each other’s responsibilities, draw a strategy road map and work towards the shared goal of the organization.
intllab.com - Mine for sale (magazine advertising)intllab.com
Attitude towards advertising can be used as one of the predictable factors of advertising effectiveness. Of course, considering belief factors is very important and also necessary. Influential responses to advertising (effective reaction to advertisement) have significant impacts on causing positive reaction to the brands. Moreover, the impact of influential responses on attitude towards advertising and then attitude towards brand may be different from one person to another
Impact of CNG Load Shedding on Daily Routine: A Study of PakistanMuhammad Arslan
People of Pakistan are facing a number of problems due to CNG load shedding. This study investigated the consequences of energy on routines of people and also on social and economic performance of people. Primary data has been collected by conducting video recorded interviews and comment based interviews from twin cities i.e. Islamabad and Rawalpindi of Pakistan. The sample of study includes students, housewives, businessmen and professional workers who are affecting by this CNG shortage. This study focuses on relationship between CNG shortage and its effect on daily routine life and performance of people. It also focuses on psychological issues as well as the economic issues that are caused due to this shortage. This study utilizes in depth semi structured interviews to conduct the qualitative study. N-Vivo 10 is used as tool of data analysis. The CNG shortage in Pakistan caused many critical issues like unemployment, decrease in export contracts and commodities prices are increasing due to this shortage. Less working hours, lack of social and family gathering, increase in work load, depression and anxiety are results caused by CNG shortage. It is concluded that CNG shortage has bad impact on people’s lives and on their overall performance.
Improving Productivity through Appropriate Performance Appraisal in Pakistan ...Muhammad Arslan
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of performance appraisal on productivity. Appraisal tools are
used to measure the output of workers which are compared with the given tasks with specific working
environment in designing these tools there is three step process define the job, appraise the performance and
providing the relative feedback. The manager should take keen in designing. Cross tabulation methods is used to
analyze this phenomenon. Face to face interview and questionnaire will be the research strategy and this will be
cross sectional study i.e. one time study; data collection method will be secondary data, primary data through
random sampling will be collected from the contractors of transport companies of Pakistan State Oil Limited
and general analytical method will be used for data analysis. The finding of study suggests that performance
appraisal system has significant effect on personal skill and by using the combination of two methods; rating and
narrative method leads us improvement in productivity of the organization.
Impact of Firm Size on Capital Budgeting Techniques: An Empirical Study of Te...Muhammad Arslan
This study examines the type of capital budgeting methods used by textile firms in Pakistan and impact of firm
size on these methods. This study also investigates the relationship between the total assets of the firm and
annual turnover of the firm according to primary capital budgeting technique used. Questionnaire method is used
as a source of gathering primary data. SPSS is used as tool for analysis of data. Cross tabulation is applied on
each variable. Chi square test is also applied to investigate the relationship between total assets of firm and total
turnover of the firm according to primary capital budgeting technique used. Findings of this study reveal that net
present value method and internal rate of return are two mostly used methods. Findings also show that there is no
relationship between the total assets of the firms and turnover of the firm according to capital budgeting
technique used by firms. These results are well supported by the literature.
Effect of Parenting Style on Child Behavior: A Qualitative AnalysisMuhammad Arslan
Parting styles and its impact of child behavior is core phenomena of behavioral science that needs specific
attention from researcher and practitioner around the globe. The purpose of present qualitative study is to explore
the new trend of parenting style emerging in the society and their impact on child behaviors by using
unstructured interviews trough homogeneous sampling of parents located in Islamabad and native areas. The
data gathered from unstructured interviews was transcribed and processed through thematic analysis using NVivo
10 software. The findings of study reveal the notion that ultimately behavior of child depends upon
parenting style and many factors contribute in shaping parenting style that may be external environment, support,
love, affection and opportunities. Effective communication is the ultimately outcome that is effective among
majority of parents and that can be used by parents in accessing their child behavior and adjusting their parenting
strategies
The Impact of Corruption on Firm Performance: Evidence from PakistanMuhammad Arslan
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of bribery on firm performance and provides quantitative
estimates of the impact of corruption on the performance of the firm. Impact of bribery is checked through the
questionnaire which is distributed among 100 respondents. In theoretical framework, firm performance is
dependent variable and bribery is independent variable. The correlation between firm performance and bribery
which is measure in obtaining more government contracts in questioner and bribery which is measure as cost of
obtaining the contracts is (r = -0.8012) having negative association between them. The size value of correlation
is (r = -0.0074 & -0.0056) showing that the size is not important in bribery and have subsequently have no affect
on firm performance. The value of R-Square in table 2 is close to 0.649 which indicate very well fit to data. It
means that almost 65 % change is due to the response variable (bribery). F-test value is very significant in both
table showing that the model is best fitted with the data. Sample size is one of the study limitation which could
be removed in future research by enlarging sample size.
Effect of Employee Satisfaction on Intrapreneurship: An Analysis from Service...Muhammad Arslan
This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between employee satisfaction and intrapreneurship in the service
industry of Pakistan. In the competitive global environment, innovativeness in the products and services along
with new technology advancements is key for the success of firms. In existing firms, the new idea generation and
new business expansions in existing markets is a very crucial element. For achieving this objective,
organizations rely upon their employees because the intrapreneurs are employees of the firm. Employee plays an
important role in entrepreneurial activities. For getting the best out of the employees employee satisfaction with
the job is a crucial element which may depend on several factors. Organizational characteristics ,values and
employee related factors can lead an organization toward internal advancements like technology development,
generation of ideas or self-renewal process and innovativeness in products/services and new business expansions
that all will ultimately lead organization toward the more productivity and firm growth and business
development. Survey based study has been done and the data has been collected through a survey Questionnaire.
Sample of the study is 150 employees from the service sector of Pakistan. To check the relationship between the
variables the multiple response method has been used. With the help of statistical software SPSS cross tabs
tables has been generated. The findings of study reveal that role clarity and role conflict among the employees or
the relationship between the employees along with remuneration, general satisfaction with the work and job
stability of the employee decide about the employee satisfaction. Employee satisfaction has a positive
relationship with the intrapreneurship.
Unemployment and Its Determinants:A Study of Pakistan Economy (1999-2010)Muhammad Arslan
This study has been conducted to determine the determinants which cause the unemployment in economy of
Pakistan for the period of 1999-2010. Unemployment is political and social issue in all the countries. In this
foreign direct investment, gross domestic product rate, CPI based inflation rate and population growth rate is
taken as explanatory variables. In this study ordinary least square model is used for determining the results.
Findings of this paper shows that foreign direct investment, gross domestic product rate and CPI based inflation
rate has negative impact on unemployment. Population growth rate has positive relationship with unemployment
and it contributes to unemployment. This study also confirmed the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.
The Impact of Monetary Policy on Financial Performance: Evidence from Banking...Muhammad Arslan
Interest rate an important indicator of monetary policy always has major impact on financial sector performance.
The purpose of this paper is to enlightened the monetary policy effect on banking sector stability and performance
by investigating the casual relationship between interest rate imposed by state bank of Pakistan and bank financial
performance taken as ROA and ROE. Highlighting the importance of monetary policy in banking sector, this study
shall focus in depth over its impact on performance of banking industry of Pakistan by studying monetary
transmission over the past five year (2007-2011), using interest rate as its measure. Using correlation analysis
followed by ordinary Least Square regression carries the empirical analysis of the study. Firm size is taken as
control variables for the study as firm size have significant impact on financial performance of banks. The finding of
study reveal that interest rate taken as measure for monetary policy has significant inverse relationship on firm
financial performance measured, which is measured by ROA and ROE.
Impact of Social Media on Organizational Culture: Evidence from PakistanMuhammad Arslan
This paper investigates the impact of social Media on Organizational culture. The approach used in this paper
was to give the application and significance of development of Social media for organizations. With an
introduction to social media, organizational culture is focused by studying communication, business focus,
workplace harmony, workplace behaviors, and business discipline. A self-administered survey is used to collect
responses from employees working at different organizations through e-mail and various social media tools. The
main result of the research is the validation of the research framework of employees operating in the SME’s of
Pakistan. It has been found that organizational culture is considerably affected by development and application
of social media for business related activities in organizations.
Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: The Role of Transparency & Disclos...Muhammad Arslan
Purpose: This purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between transparency and disclosure and firm performance. Highlighting the importance of corporate governance in banking sector, the paper has focused in depth over its role, level and its impact on performance in banking industry of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The paper access this purpose by constructing transparency and disclosure index for the past five year 2007-2011, using proxies for three sub-categories which are board and management structure disclosure, ownership structure disclosure and financial transparency disclosure. The paper also investigated structural changes of T&D Index and its effect on bank financial performance over the sample of 30 banks operating in Pakistan. Findings: Empirical analysis results by using ordinary least square regression model, reveals that financial performance is positively related to the transparency and disclosure and their sub levels except ownership structure disclosure which has negative relation with both ROA and ROE. Furthermore the average T&D level in Pakistani banking sector is above average. Practical implications: The current research paper aims for important policy implementation to reduce information asymmetry and improve corporate governance and firm performance in banking sector of Pakistan.
Effects of Pre-Announced Product Characteristics on Customer’s Purchase Inten...Muhammad Arslan
The purpose of this paper is to analyze that which attributes of NPP effect on the customer decision-making
regarding the purchase intention of the customer. As in the customer decision making process, persuasion stage
have most influencing effect in which the attributes of the new product seems to be have a strong impact on the
purchase intention; this paper aims to empirically verify the effects of the attributes of the new product on the
customer’s purchase intention for the new preannounced product. Adopted questioners were used as primary
source for data collection and cross tabulation method is used to analyze the data. The finding of this paper
shows the positive impact of relative advantage, compatibility, obserbility and triablity on the customer’s
purchase intention while the complexity has the negative relation to the purchase intention. By having these
aspects in view it will be helpful to get succeed the new product. This paper provide a framework that how new
products can be more successful and more quickly diffused in the market and let consumers to post pond their
needs until the arrival of the product. This can also be helpful to increase the percentage of the innovators in the
diffusion cycle of the innovation.
Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on Financial Performance: A Study of Oil ...Muhammad Arslan
The study examines the Intellectual Capital (IC) performance of oil and gas sector of Pakistan over the period of 2007 to 2011 and its impact on corporate financial returns. The study uses value added intellectual coefficient (VAICit™) to measure IC performance and its various components of VAICit™ like (HCEit, SCEit and CEEit) and its impact on financial performance (ROEit, ROIit and EPSit). Micro panel data of oil and gas sector registered in KSE-100 index is collected from their consolidated annual reports over the period of 2007 to 2011. The IC performance is measured by Ante Pulic Model (VAICit™) and its effect on corporate returns (ROEit, ROIit and EPSit) is tested by Random Effect Model estimation. Hausman test suggests that study accepts null hypothesis (Chi2. Prop > 0.05) where for ui is uncorrelated with regressor means that random effect is preferred versus alternative fixed effect in all the proposed research models. The study reveals that VA is considered an important component for measuring the VAICit™ performance and it has positive and significant relationship with firm’s profitability (EPSit) and HCEit and SCEit have positive and significant relationship with firm’s financial performance (ROEit and ROIit) respectively. So, this study explores that Intellectual Capital Efficiency (ICE) has relatively larger contribution for measuring the VAICit™ performance where HCEit and SCEit execute substantive role to accelerate the financial performance of oil and gas sector of Pakistan as compare to tangible assets.
Impact of Social Media on Organizational Culture: Evidence from PakistanMuhammad Arslan
This paper investigates the impact of social Media on Organizational culture. The approach used in this paper
was to give the application and significance of development of Social media for organizations. With an
introduction to social media, organizational culture is focused by studying communication, business focus,
workplace harmony, workplace behaviors, and business discipline. A self-administered survey is used to collect
responses from employees working at different organizations through e-mail and various social media tools. The
main result of the research is the validation of the research framework of employees operating in the SME’s of
Pakistan. It has been found that organizational culture is considerably affected by development and application
of social media for business related activities in organizations.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Impact of Brand Image and Service Quality on Consumer Purchase Intention: A Study of Retail Store in Pakistan
1. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.22, 2014
98
Impact of Brand Image and Service Quality on Consumer
Purchase Intention: A Study of Retail Store in Pakistan
Muhammad Arslan (Corresponding Author)
M.Phil (Management Sciences),Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan PO box 44000, E-8, Islamabad, Pakistan
Email: MuhammadArslan73@gmail.com
Rashid Zaman
M.Phil (Management Sciences),Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
Abstract
The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between brand image, service quality and price on
consumer purchase intention. Normative and informative susceptibility has indirect effect on consumer purchase
intention. The empirical analysis were determined by collecting data from sample of 301 consumers of large
retail stores. The findings of study reveal the positive effect of brand image and service quality on consumer
purchase intention. Results reveal the insignificant relationship between price and consumer purchase intention.
The findings also documented that consumers in large retail stores don’t bother prices because consumers
consider that the stores charge reasonable prices. Most of consumer’s purchases depend upon the brand image
and service quality. Normative and informative susceptibility have positive effect on brand image. The
recommendations and suggestions are very helpful for managers and operators of large stores. Brand image
depends on informative and normative susceptibility.
Keywords: Brand image, informative susceptibility, normative susceptibility, service quality
1. INTRODUCTION
Retail market consists of small retail and large retail stores. Consumers always seek an affective experience in
retail environment. The structure of retail market has changed considerably in previous years. A number of
retailers have established a significant presence. They have given a new way to purchasing. Several small
retailers are transforming themselves to compete successfully with the new large players. The consumers are also
shifting to large retail stores for purchasing the products. They select these stores on different bases. So their
purchase intention from a particular store depends on the different factors. May be their decision depends upon
the references (information) which they get from different sources (friends, media, family and social groups).
Consumers have a great array of products and services information in their mind. This information may come
through advertising, friends, peer groups, family and other channels. They use this information in choosing from
available offerings to satisfy their needs. So this information is used by the consumers to decide about purchase
of particular products and services. That decision also depends on personal factors such as emotions, feelings,
personality attributes and fantasies. Consumers want to purchase those brands which are liked or loved by others.
A sense of inspiration is always there. The present study focuses on Purchase Intention. Consumers are not alike
in their age, income, education level habits and tastes. There are different factors which affects their choices
among different services and products. It is not easy to read a customer mind. Sometimes he or she is
unpredictable as their buying decisions can be changed with mind change. At one moment he or she decides to
purchase a product but on the other side a sudden change can be come into their mind to change their decision.
Consumer becomes conscious about their purchases. The change in buying decision may be due to getting some
crucial information about another most valuable brand because consumer purchase behavior depends on social
factors. Today the consumer’ purchase behavior is influenced by status, peer groups, family, friends, and social
roles and by social classes. There are many variables which influence consumers to purchase as price,
merchandise quality, service quality, music, lighting and aroma. Stores are trying to provide a good service to
their consumers. The difference between expected services and actually provided services is called the service
quality. The overall impression of a brand in the consumers' mind. Brand's real and imaginary qualities in
the mind of consumer is also called image. Brand image can be developed by using media, as advertising. Price
is one of the major financial factors which affect purchase decision. Consumers’ perceptions about the value
affect the prices which they are willing to pay for selective brands. Consumers always want to balance the price
of products and services with their benefits. But in retail stores the prices are not high, so most of the consumers
are not conscious about it. Purchase intention can be defined as the possibility; a consumer will purchase a
product or service in future. A positive purchase intention propels to consumer for actual purchase action or a
negative purchase intention restrain to consumer not to purchase that. Several factors can influence the purchase
intention. A consumer will purchase those brands which have good image. An increase in brand image enhances
the purchase intention. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of non-financial factors like brand
image and service quality. Non-financial factor, price always effects the consumer purchase decision. So social
2. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.22, 2014
99
and personality factors also influence the purchase decision.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Brand Image
Brand image is defined by Aaker that image is series of brand involvement stored in a consumer’s
memory [1].The reasons in consumers’ mind linked with brand specifications [2]. Brand image is the perception
of brand that created in memory of consumer due to brand involvement [3]. Brand image is similar to self-image
of consumers as consumers associate themselves with brands [4]. In this highly competitive environment, a
brand image is very important [5]. To create a well- positioned brand the companies always play an important
role. Customers’ emotions to brand based on their identification with a brand image [6]. Brand image is the total
and overall personality in the consumers mind. Brand image depends upon the actual image of the firm in
consumers’ mind. A unique set of association in the mind of consumers communicates expectations. Image
creation is considered essential for customer attraction and retention [7, 8, 9]. A consumer purchase decision
most often depends on brand image rather than physical characteristics of brand [4]. Murphy [10]describes the
life cycle of brand. He says there are three stages of brand cycle. The last or the third stage of brand cycle is
image building stage. Here the image of brand builds [11]. Consumers have evoked set of brands, while
choosing a brand the image help consumer in purchase decision. Image of a brand differentiate the brands from
competitor’s brands.
Service Quality
Consumer requirements depend on service quality [12, 13]. Service quality is judgment of consumers’
attitude. Service quality is important factor in affecting decision making process. Service quality is an
assessment about the service delivery conforms to the customer expectations. Service quality and purchase
intention has a positive relation [14]. A good service quality has a positive relationship with purchase intentions
and consumers increase the number of visits to store [14, 15, and 16]. When a store provides better service
quality, satisfaction of consumers increase towards a store, and the purchase intention of products also increase
[17].
Informative Susceptibility
Ang [18] studied about an interesting fact that nonfinancial factors have a great impact on consumer
purchase intention. Ang and Ochner constructed a model which examine the effect of social and personality
traits on consumer purchase decision [19]. Informative susceptibility is the form social susceptibility [20].
Informative susceptibility means opinion of others. It can influence image of a brand. As informative
susceptibility has a positive or negative impact on brand image, as consumers may present negative or positive
attitudes towards brands image it depends on social image [21]. Chinese society has interpersonal relationships,
so their purchase decision affect by others [22].
Normative Susceptibility
Personality traits of consumer have power to influence the individual decisions [23]. Peck and Childer
[23] conducted a research that there are individual differences in consumers. Normative susceptibility is form of
social influence [24]. Consumer make decisions on the basis of others liking and disliking. Consumers’ purchase
decisions depends on others expectations, they want to impress others [18]. Consumers because of personal
happiness and pleasure give more importance to norms while deciding about purchase [25]. Chinese society has
interpersonal relationships, so their purchase decision affect by others [21]. Individuals are more likely to
purchase those products which they considered as status symbol. Consumers are not willing to purchase those
products which are less status symbol[26].
Price
In deciding what to purchase consumers trade off the monetary value offered by different brand [27].
P.C. Wu and Wang [28] defined the importance of price that consumer becomes conscious about price while
choosing and purchasing a brand. Price is determined by what a buyer wants to pay. Consumer wants to
purchase a product by keeping in mind price of the product [29]. A consumer is willing to pay high prices if the
features of the brand justify the high price [28, 29 and 30].
Purchase Intention
Purchase intention is that concept which has crucial importance in the marketing literature. It is one of
the main concepts which are studied in the marketing. Wang [31] told in his research that Chinese are demanding
expensive brands due to change in purchase behavior as well as due to their increased purchasing power. Brand
with strong image has higher purchase intention [32]. Quality influences consumer’s purchase intention [33, 34
and 35]. Quality and purchase intention has positive relationship. A research has been conducted by J.-J. Wu &
Chang [31, 36] they concluded that quality and purchase intention have direct proportion.
3. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.22, 2014
100
Research Hypothesis and Conceptual Framework
Informative susceptibility and Brand Image
Image of the brand may build on information. The source of information can be a friend, family
member, media and a group. Advertising is the biggest source of information. Image of the big brand has built
due to strong advertising. Information is linked with brand specifications. Now the people want the whole
information about physical as well as functional specifications [37]. Image and identity of the brand can be
developed by the advertising [38]. In the present competitive environment, it is necessary to create an image to
differentiate between brands [39]. Information susceptibility is based on others opinion about a specific brand
[40]. Brand image is the total impression of the brand in the mind of the consumer [40]. This impression depends
on social influence. Information is one of the major social influence indicators. A consumer is in need of
information in that time, when he is not fully aware with brand attributes and specifications [41].
H1: Informative Susceptibility has a positive influence on brand image. Normative susceptibility and
Brand Image
Normative susceptibility is one dimension of interpersonal influences. Some consumers relate the self-
image with brand image [42]. Consumers want to impress others [43, 44 45, and 46]. Image of the brand is made
by the users of that brand who associate themselves with that brand [47]. Consumer wants to be visible and
prominent in his social circle, so the person with strong self-image can create the strong brand image [48].
H2: Normative Susceptibility has a positive influence on brand image. Brand image and purchase
intention
Brand image is a strong cue of purchase decision [49, 50]. Brand image gives the highest value to
related organizations [48]. Consumers derive emotional benefits on the use of brands [51]. Positive purchase
intention is attached with a strong brand image [34]. So positive brand image creates the purchase intention and a
negative image creates no purchase intention. So the decision of purchase entirely depends on brand image [52].
H3: Brand Image has a positive influence on consumer purchase intention. Service quality and purchase
intention
Consumer always wants the maximum improvement in service quality. The highest service quality will
move them to purchase intention [53]. Service quality has a direct or indirect influence on consumer buying
behavior. A high service quality will lead to a high purchase intention [54]. Service has special importance in
those organizations whose purchase majorly depends on quality of service.
H4: Service Quality has a positive influence on consumer’s purchase intention.
The store reputation has a strong influence on purchase decisions. This reputation creates in the form of
image. Brand image has a specific influence on service quality and service quality has a strong influence on
image [39]. Service quality is an influential variable in creating store image[55]. Service quality exerts a strong
influence on consumers ’minds by building a strong image[56].
By using the above mentioned literature review, a conceptual framework has been developed. It comprises on
brand image and service quality is the independent variable and purchase intention is a dependent variable; price
is the controlled variable. Normative and informative susceptibility used to predict brand image.
3. METHODOLOGY
Sample and Procedure
Questionnaires were distributed randomly to the consumers of different brands which they purchased
from different stores and belong to different cities of Pakistan. It comprised of two sections, first section
encompassed the brand image, service quality, purchase intention, informative susceptibility, normative
susceptibility and price. Second part covered the demographic profiles of the respondents. The respondents were
willing to participate in the survey. Here the data has been collected from different universities and colleges of
4. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.22, 2014
101
Pakistan. Convenience sampling was used because of the time and budget limitations. Data were collected for
quantitative research.
Instrument and Measures
According to the few researchers the results can be generalized about the similar populations and others,
it is one of the advantages of survey based research [57]. (Newton, Gould, Reznikoff, & Haag, 1998). Therefore,
the researcher here adopted a survey research method which is used to identify the consumers’ purchase
intention and effects of other variables on it. A questionnaire has been developed by using five point likert scales.
Five-point Likert scale has been used with numerical coding from 1 to 5, 1 is strongly agree and 5 donates
strongly disagree.
Service quality scale was adapted from Caruana et al. 2000 [58] and developed after a minor
modification for measuring responses [58].It comprises on four items, the aim of this part of questionnaire is to
measure respondents believe that stores provide those services on time and gives prompt responses. Informative
susceptibility and normative susceptibility scales were adapted with minor modifications from Wang, Zhang,
Zang, & Ouyang, 2005 scale [25]. Informative susceptibility consists of four items which aimed to measure the
degree to which
respondents influence by others and gather information from friends and families. Similarly,
normative susceptibility includes four items. It measured the degree to which respondents want to impress others
and purchase the brands to be liked by others. A scale used for price was adopted by Sinha Batra [29]. It has five
items to measure the importance of price for consumers in purchase decision. Brand Image scale was adapted by
Vahie [58] which aimed to measure the degree to which respondents influence by the performance of the brand.
It has four items to measure the performance of the brand depends upon the brands those wear out quickly and
gains reliability.
Purchase Intention scale was adapted by Knight & Kim, Pavlou & Fygenson [59, 60 and 61]. It has four
items which aimed to measure the plan and intention of consumers towards purchase of the product.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data Analysis
The 320 questionnaires were distributed to the consumers of large retail stores, residing in Lahore and
Islamabad of Pakistan. 301 questionnaires were used for data analysis. As 19 questionnaires were not completed
so these were excluded from data. The questionnaires were than subjected to analysis, the results of which are
provided below.
Demographic Characteristics
Three hundred and one consumers participated in this study. The descriptive statistics for the
participants’ demographics are listed in figure 2. 137 were male (54.5%) and 97 were female (45.5%). Out of the
301 participants, 76 (25.2%) belonged to the age group of 18-24 and 182 (60.5 %) to the age group 25-34. 35
(11.6%) participants belonged to the age group of 35-44 and 8 (2.7%) respondents belonged to the age group of
45-55. The education of the participants was as following: 4 (1.3%) respondents are the students of college. The
297 (98.7%) participants are the university qualified. They are consumers of the large retail stores. The facts
about the occupation of the consumers were collected. The numbers of employed respondents are 229 (76.1%).
67 (22.3%) respondents are the students. 5 (1.7%) of the total respondents are the unemployed. In this study the
question asked about the family income. As the family income is most important in large store visiting, the
consumption of the people depends on their family income. High income group will move towards high
consumption and the low income group will inclined to low consumption pattern. 34 (11.3%) were those
respondents whose income was less than 50,000 and 81 (26.9%) were those respondents whose income was
51,000-100,000. 145 (48.2%) were those respondents whose income was 101,000-150,000 and 28 (9.3%) were
those respondents whose income was 151,000-200,000. 13 (4.3%) were those respondents whose income was
more than 201,000 & above.
RESULTS
Here exploratory factor analysis has been conducted to determine the different dimension of brand image,
service quality, normative and informative susceptibility, price and purchase intention. In each of the factor
analysis, the number of the factors retained, there were eigenvalues greater than 1. The overall rotated factors
loadings suggested a six-dimension solution. Results of factor analysis are shown in Table # 01.
5. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.22, 2014
102
Table: 01 Results factor analysis
__________________________________________
Item factors
loading____________________________________________
Price (P)
P1 .858
P2 .830
P3 .891
P4 .867
Normative Susceptibility (NS)
NS1 .850
NS2 .840
NS3 .836
NS4 .887
Informative Susceptibility (IS)
IS1 .745
IS2 .787
IS3 .799
IS4 .797
Brand Image (BI)
BI1 .841
BI2 .862
BI3 .767
BI4 .800
Purchase Intention (PI)
PI1 .647
PI2 .729
PI3 .478
PI4 .783
PI5 .826
Service Quality (SQ)
SQ1 .678
SQ2 .811
SQ3 .841
SQ4 .821
Here the multiple regression analysis used to gain insight into the data and to test our hypotheses. Brand
image depends on normative susceptibility and informative susceptibility, so here the variance in dependent
variable is identified which occurs due to change in independent variable. A model has been used to specify a
relationship between brand image, normative susceptibility and informative susceptibility.
The results of this analysis are shown in Table # 02, where both informative and normative
susceptibility have positive impact on brand image. As beta=0.114 and beta= 0.120 respectively. The explained
variance of brand image by normative and informative susceptibility is 54%.
Table:02
_____________________________________________
b beta p
______________________________________________
Intercept 9.925 .000
IS .114 .158 .006
NS .120 .161 .005
Notes: IS= informative susceptibility; NS= normative
Susceptibility; Two-tailed significance < 0.05
__________________________________________
The equation of the analysis provided in Table # 02, is given below:
6. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.22, 2014
103
BI = bo + b1 (NS) + b2 (IS) +E1 (Model 1.1)
Brand Image = 9.925 + 0.114 Normative susceptibility (bo) +0.120 Informative susceptibility (b1)
In this research, researcher expects a direct effect of brand image and service quality on purchase intention.
For this purpose, here researcher has specified a model to test the relationship of brand image, service quality,
and price and purchase intention. The results of this analysis are shown in Table #03, where both informative
and normative susceptibility have positive impact on brand image. As beta=.228, beta= .003 and beta= .163
respectively. The explained variance of purchase intention by brand image and service quality is 54%.
Table : 03
__________________________________
b beta p
_______________________________________
Intercept 11.784 .000
BI .258 .228 .000
SQ .003 .003 .951
P .194 .163 .004
Notes: BI= brand image; SQ= service quality; P= price; Two-tailed significance < 0.05
As all the information is available in Table # 03, where brand image and service quality has positive or
significant impact on purchase intention. But price has insignificant effect on purchase intention. The equation
of the analysis provided in Table III, is given below:
PI = bo + b1 (BI) + b2 (SQ) + b3 (P) +E1 (Model 1.2)
Purchase Intention = 9.925 + 0.114 Brand Image (bo) +0.120 Service Quality (b1) + Price (b2)
On the basis of the results of the above analysis, H1 has to be accepted. H2, H3 & H4 have to be
accepted. Normative and informative susceptibility have indirect effect on purchase intention through brand
image. Brand image and service quality both have direct effect on consumer purchase intention.
Implication
The research has importance for managers of retail market, as a number of management practices can
be derived from this research. First of all, the managers can effectively use the result of this study to increase the
brand image and consumer purchase intention by developing a critical strategy. This study indicates that the
service quality and image of a store has a positive effect on purchase intention. Therefore managers can increase
the consumers’ purchase intention by enhancing brand image and by providing superior quality. This study
provides guidelines for enhancing the purchase intention. Today, customers can’t spend their valuable time in
waiting for services.
Limitation and Further Research
Although this research provides some important insights on consumer purchase decision which depends
on brand image and service quality. The research was unable to prove a significant relationship of price. But the
concept of price discounts is very strong in large retail stores. There are the further avenues to find out the role of
price discount on image of brand and customer purchase intention. The future research can be conducted on the
importance of store environment, which can generate satisfaction and satisfaction can generate brand loyalty.
Then customers move on repurchase of that particular brand. Keeping focusing on store environment and other
aspects of store, research can produce another research. Moreover, the research can be conducted on the
consumer behavior of the two different types of shoppers. How the managers can create the impulse buying by
focusing on stores environment.
REFFERENCES
1.Aaker, D. A., & Joachimsthaler, E. (2009). Brand leadership: Building assets in an information economy:
SimonandSchuster. com.
2.Low, G. S., & Lamb Jr, C. W. (2000). The measurement and dimensionality of brand associations. Journal of
Product & Brand Management, 9(6), 350-370.
3.Keller, K. L., Parameswaran, M., & Jacob, I. (2011). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and
managing brand equity: Pearson Education India.
4.Graeff, T. R. (1997). Consumption situations and the effects of brand image on consumers' brand
evaluations. Psychology & Marketing, 14(1), 49-70.
5.Amstutz, A. E. (1970). Computer simulation of competitive market response. MIT Press Books,1.
6.Evanschitzky, H., Iyer, G. R., Plassmann, H., Niessing, J., & Meffert, H. (2006). The relative strength of
7. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.22, 2014
104
affective commitment in securing loyalty in service relationships. Journal of Business Research, 59(12), 1207-
1213.
7.Ekinci, Y., & Hosany, S. (2006). Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism
destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 127-139.
8.Kleijnen, M., De Ruyter, K., & Andreassen, T. W. (2005). Image congruence and the adoption of service
innovations. Journal of Service Research, 7(4), 343-359.
9.Nguyen, N., & Leblanc, G. (2001). Corporate image and corporate reputation in customers’ retention decisions
in services. Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 8(4), 227-236.
10. Murphy, J., Raffa, L., & Mizerski, R. (2003). The Use of Domain Names in e‐branding by the World's Top
Brands. Electronic Markets, 13(3), 222-232.
11. Dennis, C., Murphy, J., Marsland, D., Cockett, T., & Patel, T. (2002). Measuring image: shopping centre
case studies. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 12(4), 355-373.
12. Chakrabarty, A., & Tan, K. C. (2007). The current state of six sigma application in services. Managing
Service Quality, 17(2), 194-208.
13. Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Malhotra, A. (2005). ES-QUAL a multiple-item scale for assessing
electronic service quality. Journal of Service Research, 7(3), 213-233.
14. Brady, M. K., & Cronin Jr, J. J. (2001). Some new thoughts on conceptualizing perceived service quality: a
hierarchical approach. The Journal of Marketing, 34-49.
15. Szymanski, D. M., & Henard, D. H. (2001). Customer satisfaction: a meta-analysis of the empirical evidence.
Journal of the academy of marketing science, 29(1), 16-35.
16. Zeithaml, V. A. (2002). Services marketing management.
17. Jiang, J.-C., Sun, P., & Shie, A.-J. (2011). Six cognitive gaps by using TRIZ and tools for service system
design. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(12), 14751-14759.
18. Ang, B. W., & Liu, F. (2001). A new energy decomposition method: perfect in decomposition and consistent
in aggregation. Energy, 26(6), 537-548.
19. Bunge, S. A., Ochsner, K. N., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2001). Prefrontal regions
involved in keeping information in and out of mind. Brain, 124(10), 2074-2086.
20. Tian, K. T., Bearden, W. O., & Hunter, G. L. (2001). Consumers’ need for uniqueness: Scale
development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(1), 50-66.
21. Neelankavil, J. P., Mathur, A., & Zhang, Y. (2000). Determinants of managerial performance: A cross-
cultural comparison of the perceptions of middle-level managers in four countries. Journal of International
Business Studies, 121-140.
22. Mueller, J. S., Melwani, S., & Goncalo, J. A. (2012). The Bias Against Creativity Why People Desire but
Reject Creative Ideas. Psychological science, 23(1), 13-17.
23. Peck, J., & Childers, T. L. (2006). If I touch it I have to have it: Individual and environmental influences on
impulse purchasing. Journal of Business Research, 59(6), 765-769.
24. Bearden, W. O., Netemeyer, R. G., & Teel, J. E. (1989). Measurement of consumer susceptibility to
interpersonal influence. Journal of Consumer Research, 473-481.
25. Wang F., Zhang, H., Zang, H., & Ouyang, M. (2005). Purchasing pirated software: an initial examination of
Chinese consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(6), 340-351.
26. Kim, J.-Y., Moon, J., Han, D., & Tikoo, S. (2004). Perceptions of justice and employee willingness to
engage in customer-oriented behavior. Journal of Services Marketing, 18(4), 267-275.
27. Sands, S., Oppewal, H., & Beverland, M. (2009). The effects of in-store themed events on consumer store
choice decisions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 16(5), 386-395.
28. Wu, P. C., & Wang, Y.-C. (2011). The influences of electronic word-of-mouth message appeal and message
source credibility on brand attitude. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(4), 448-
29.Sinha, I., & Batra, R. (1999). The effect of consumer price consciousness on private label purchase.
International journal of research in marketing, 16(3), 237-251.
30. Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers'
product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 307-319.
31. Wang F., Zhang, H., Zang, H., & Ouyang, M. (2005). Purchasing pirated software: an initial examination of
Chinese consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(6), 340-351.
32. Garretson, J. A., & Clow, K. E. (1999). The influence of coupon face value on service quality expectations,
risk perceptions and purchase intentions in the dental industry. Journal of Services Marketing, 13(1), 59-72.
33. Keng, C.-J., Huang, T.-L., Zheng, L.-J., & Hsu, M. K. (2007). Modeling service encounters and customer
experiential value in retailing: An empirical investigation of shopping mall customers in Taiwan.
International Journal of Service Industry Management, 18(4), 349-367.
34. Khanna, D., Yan, X., Tashkin, D. P., Furst, D. E., Elashoff, R., Roth, M. D., . . . Seibold, J. R. (2007). Impact
of oral cyclophosphamide on health‐related quality of life in patients with active scleroderma lung disease:
8. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN (Paper)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online)
Vol.4, No.22, 2014
105
Results from the scleroderma lung study. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 56(5), 1676-1684.
35. Garretson, J. A., & Clow, K. E. (1999). The influence of coupon face value on service quality expectations,
risk perceptions and purchase intentions in the dental industry. Journal of Services Marketing, 13(1), 59-72.
36. Wang F., Zhang, H., Zang, H., & Ouyang, M. (2005). Purchasing pirated software: an initial examination of
Chinese consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(6), 340-351.
37.Meenaghan, T. (1995). The role of advertising in brand image development. Journal of Product & Brand
Management, 4(4), 23-34.
38. P., & Williams, L. (2008). The role of image in service promotion: focusing on the influence of film on
consumer choice within tourism. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32(4), 382-390.
39. Cretu, A. E., & Brodie, R. J. (2007). The influence of brand image and company reputation where
manufacturers market to small firms: A customer value perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(2),
230-240.
40. Teah, M., & Phau, I. (2007). The Influence of Information Susceptibility, Normative Susceptibility and
Collectivism on Attitudes towards Counterfeiting of Luxury Brands.
41. Burnkrant, R. E., & Cousineau, A. (1975). Informational and normative social influence in buyer behavior.
Journal of Consumer Research, 206-215.
42.Kolesar, M. B., & Galbraith, R. W. (2000). A services-marketing perspective on e-retailing: implications for
e-retailers and directions for further research. Internet Research, 10(5), 424-438.
43.Bastin, R. (2009). Sri Lankan civil society and its fanatics. Social analysis, 53(1), 123-140.
44.Han, H., & Kim, Y. (2010). An investigation of green hotel customers’ decision formation: Developing an
extended model of the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 659-
668.
45.Sun, T., Tai, Z., & Tsai, K.-C. (2009). The role of interdependent self-construal in consumers’ susceptibility
to retail salespersons’ influence: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer services, 16(5),
360-366.
46.Achouri, M. A., & Bouslama, N. (2010). The Effect of the Congruence between Brand Personality and Self-
Image on Consumer’s Satisfaction and Loyalty: A Conceptual Framework. IBIMA Business Review, 2, 34-49.
47.Shukla, P. (2011). Impact of interpersonal influences, brand origin and brand image on luxury purchase
intentions: measuring interfunctional interactions and a cross-national comparison. Journal of world business,
46(2), 242-252.
48.Chevalier, M., & Mazzalovo, G. (2012). Luxury brand management: a world of privilege: Wiley. com.
49.Okonkwo, U. (2007). Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques: Palgrave Macmillan.
50.Lee, M.-Y., Kim, Y.-K., Pelton, L., Knight, D., & Forney, J. (2008). Factors affecting Mexican college
students' purchase intention toward a US apparel brand. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 12(3),
294-307.
51.LiPope, N., & Voges, K. E. (2000). The impact of sport sponsorship activities, corporate image, and prior use
on consumer purchase intention. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9(2), 96-102.
52.Cronin Jr, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring service quality: a reexamination and extension. The
Journal of Marketing, 55-68.
53. Shao, C. Y., Baker, J. A., & Wagner, J. (2004). The effects of appropriateness of service contact personnel
dress on customer expectations of service quality and purchase intention: The moderating influences of
involvement and gender. Journal of Business Research, 57(10), 1164-1176.
54. Baker, J., Grewal, D., & Parasuraman, A. (1994). The influence of store environment on quality inferences
and store image. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 22(4), 328-339.
55. Andreassen, T. W., & Lindestad, B. (1998). Customer loyalty and complex services: the impact of corporate
image on quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty for customers with varying degrees of service expertise.
International Journal of Service Industry Management, 9(1), 7-23.
56.Newton, M. A., Gould, M. N., Reznikoff, C. A., & Haag, J. D. (1998). On the statistical analysis of allelic-
loss data. Statistics in Medicine, 17(13), 1425-1445.
57. Vahie, A., & Paswan, A. (2006). Private label brand image: its relationship with store image and
nationalbrand. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 34(1), 67-84.
58. Kim, J.-Y., Moon, J., Han, D., & Tikoo, S. (2004). Perceptions of justice and employee willingness to
engage in customer-oriented behavior. Journal of Services Marketing, 18(4), 267-275.
59. Lee, M.-Y., Kim, Y.-K., Pelton, L., Knight, D., & Forney, J. (2008). Factors affecting Mexican college
students' purchase intention toward a US apparel brand. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 12(3),
294-307.
60. Pavlou, P. A., & Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: an
extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS quarterly, 115-143.
9. The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open-Access hosting service and academic event
management. The aim of the firm is Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing.
More information about the firm can be found on the homepage:
http://www.iiste.org
CALL FOR JOURNAL PAPERS
There are more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals hosted under the hosting
platform.
Prospective authors of journals can find the submission instruction on the
following page: http://www.iiste.org/journals/ All the journals articles are available
online to the readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers
other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Paper version
of the journals is also available upon request of readers and authors.
MORE RESOURCES
Book publication information: http://www.iiste.org/book/
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar