14-Past participle as adjective
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ck651. The past participle form of Spanish verbs is created by removing the infinitive ending and adding a new ending. 2. For -ar verbs the ending is "ado" and for -er/-ir verbs it is "ido", with some exceptions that require accent marks. 3. There are also some irregular past participles that must be memorized. 4. The past participle can function as an adjective and must agree in number and gender with the noun it modifies. It is often used with "estar" to describe resultant states.
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This document provides an overview of basic Spanish pronunciation rules including:
- The double l and Spanish v sounds are pronounced like a y.
- The trilled r sound is used for double and interior r's, while single r's are understated.
- The ñ is similar to the ny sound in canyon.
- G has different pronunciations depending on following letters, and qu is pronounced like k.
- Stress usually falls on the second to last syllable and diacritical marks indicate stress.
- H is silent when not paired with c, z sounds like s, and vowels each have one sound.
11-Se for unplanned events
La guía explica cómo usar la construcción "se" para describir eventos inesperados en español, como "Se me rompió el brazo" o "Se me rompieron los dos brazos", y proporciona una fórmula general para esta construcción que incluye "se", un pronombre como "me", "te", etc., un verbo y un agente.
11-Por vs para
El documento compara las preposiciones "por" y "para", indicando que "por" se usa para expresar movimiento a través de un lugar mientras que "para" se usa para expresar destino o beneficiario.
10-Preterite vs imperfect
El documento resume las diferencias entre el pretérito y el imperfecto en español. El pretérito se usa para acciones con un comienzo y final definidos, mientras que el imperfecto se usa para acciones habituales o de fondo. También explica que el pretérito se usa para acciones interrumpidas y series de acciones terminadas, mientras que el imperfecto se usa para acciones continuas.
10-Reciprocals
Los muchachos se miran puede significar que los muchachos se miran el uno al otro o que se miran a sí mismos. El uso de "se" en español puede ser reflexivo o recíproco. En los ejemplos, "se besan", "se aman" y "se comunican" indican que las acciones son recíprocas entre los sujetos mencionados. Para enfatizar la acción recíproca, se puede usar la frase "el uno al otro".
9-Que versus cual
El documento explica la diferencia entre las palabras "qué" y "cuál" en español. Indica que "qué" se usa para pedir una definición, hechos o explicación y puede ir directamente seguido de un sustantivo, mientras que "cuál" se usa en otros casos para significar "qué" u "cuál" y típicamente no va seguido de un sustantivo sino de un verbo. Proporciona ejemplos para ilustrar el uso correcto de cada palabra.
9-Imperfect tense
Este documento describe la formación y usos del tiempo imperfecto en español. Explica cómo se forma el imperfecto con verbos regulares terminados en -ar, -er, e -ir, e incluye ejemplos de verbos comunes. También lista usos comunes del imperfecto como describir estados físicos o emocionales, acciones habituales en el pasado, y acciones simultáneas.
9-Superlatives
El documento describe las formas de usar los superlativos en español para describir lo más o menos de algo, o lo mejor o peor. Explica que para lo más o menos se usa "el/la/los/las + sustantivo + más/menos + adjetivo + de", y para lo mejor o peor se usa "el/la/los/las + mejor/peor + sustantivo + de". Proporciona ejemplos de cada una.
8-Stem changing in the preterite
Este documento resume los cambios de raíz en el pretérito de los verbos -ar, -er e -ir. Explica que solo los verbos -ir experimentan cambios de raíz, cambiando e por i o cambiando o por u en las formas de tercera persona singular y plural. Proporciona ejemplos de verbos -ar, -er e -ir que ilustran estos cambios y resume las reglas para los cambios de raíz.
8-Irregulars in the preterite
The document summarizes irregular verbs in the preterite tense in Spanish. It lists the strong preterite forms of estar, poder, poner, querer, saber, tener and venir, noting their new prefixes and endings. It also covers -cir verbs like decir and the verb traer. Finally, it discusses the uses of haber in the present and preterite tenses.
8-Connection -nc-pig
This document provides information about clitics in Spanish grammar including their placement with different types of verbs. It lists direct and indirect object pronouns and notes that clitics can be placed before or after conjugated verbs, infinitive verbs, gerunds, and in positive and negative commands. Examples are given to illustrate the different placements of clitics.
8-Direct and indirect objects
El documento describe el uso de pronombres directos e indirectos juntos (doble objeto pronominal) en español. Explica que cuando se usan pronombres directos e indirectos juntos, el pronombre indirecto siempre precede al directo. También cubre temas como el orden de los pronombres cuando hay dos objetos consecutivos con la letra "l" y cómo se colocan los pronombres directos e indirectos en oraciones afirmativas y de mandato.
7-Indirect object pronouns
Este documento explica los pronombres indirectos en español, incluyendo me, te, le, les, nos. Indica que estos pronombres reemplazan un objeto indirecto nominal y provee ejemplos. También clarifica el uso de "le" y "les" y explica su uso con verbos en -ing, infinitivos y mandatos afirmativos.
7-Preterite tense
Este documento resume los verbos regulares e irregulares en el pretérito en español. Explica las conjugaciones de los verbos -ar, -er, -ir, -car, -gar, -zar y -eer en el pretérito, así como algunos verbos irregulares como dar, hacer, ir y ser.
7-Gustar
El documento explica el uso del verbo gustar en español. Gustar es un verbo indirecto transitivo que se conjuga como gusta cuando el sustantivo es singular, y como gustan cuando el sustantivo es plural. También se puede usar gustar para expresar lo que a alguien le gustaría hacer usando la forma gustaría.
6-Saber versus conocer
Este documento explica la diferencia entre los verbos "saber" y "conocer" en español. "Saber" se usa para referirse a hechos o información, o para indicar habilidad para hacer algo. "Conocer" se usa para referirse a estar familiarizado o tener conocimiento personal de alguien o algo. El documento proporciona ejemplos para ilustrar el uso correcto de cada verbo.
6-Formal commands
This document provides information on forming informal commands, also known as "usted" commands, in Spanish. It outlines the basic formation, which involves conjugating the verb in the "yo" form and changing the ending. Negative commands are also discussed. Irregular verbs are noted, including those ending in "o" in the yo form and those not ending in "o". Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the command formations.
6-Direct object pronouns
Este documento explica los pronombres de objeto directo en español, incluyendo me, te, lo, la, nos, los, las. Indica que estos pronombres reemplazan a un sustantivo de objeto directo y proporciona ejemplos de cómo se usan con verbos en el presente, -ing, infinitivos y mandatos afirmativos.
6-Indefinite and negative words
Este documento explica el uso de palabras indefinidas y negativas en español. Cubre temas como la doble negación, el uso de indefinidos como "algo" y "nada", y adverbios de frecuencia como "siempre" y "nunca". También discute el acuerdo de adjetivos indefinidos como "alguno" y "ninguno" con sustantivos, y el uso de "también" y "tampoco" en oraciones afirmativas y negativas.
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14-Past participle as adjective
- 1. Past Participle as Adjective
- 2. Formation of the Past Participle 1. Simply remove the –AR, -ER, or –IR from the end of the infinitive hablar>>habl comer>>com vivir>>viv 2. Add ado for –AR verbs and ido for –ER, -IR Verbs hablado comido vivido
- 3. -ER, -IR Verbs When an –ER or –IR verb is placed in past participle form, and the “i” in “ido” is placed next to a vowel, it must be accented. Examples caer->>caído creer->>creído leer->>leído oír>>oído (son)reír->>sonreído traer->>traído
- 4. Irregulars There are a number of irregulars in the past participle, as there are in English. Memorize!
- 5. Use of Past Participle as Adjective Must match number and gender. Ellosviven en dos casascontruidas en 1920. La lenguahablada en mi casa esinglés. Often used with “estar” to describe conditions resulting from a previous action. La ventanaestá abierta. El lagoestá contaminado. Todos los pecesestabancubiertos de crudo.
- 6. Differences between ENG and SPA English past participle and past tense are often similar in form and use. I closed the book. The thief stood behind the closed door. Spanish, the two forms are used very differently and look very dissimilar. Yo cerré la puerta. Ahora la puerta está cerrada. Resolvieron el problema. Ahora el problema está resuelto.