Plants can reproduce sexually or asexually. Sexual reproduction involves two parents fusing gametes to produce offspring that differ from the parents, while asexual reproduction uses one parent to produce identical offspring through budding, stolons, or runners. In plants, sexual reproduction occurs through flowers containing male stamens and female carpels. Pollination transfers pollen grains from anthers to stigmas, aided by insects or wind. Fertilization joins male and female cells to form zygotes which develop into fruits containing seeds. Seeds require suitable temperature, oxygen, and water to germinate.

1. Reproduction in plants

2. Sexual & asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction:
 Two parents
 Fusion of a female &
male cells (gametes)
 Parent & offspring are
not identical
 Slower
 Variation is present in
the same species
Asexual reproduction:
 One parent only
 No gametes are
produced
 Parent and offspring
are identical
 Faster
 No variation

3. Examples of asexual
reproduction.
Budding in yeast
Nucleus
replicates
Nucleus
migrates to
one end
Part of the cell
grows into a
bud
The bud
separates
creating a new
cell

4. Examples of asexual
reproduction.
Vegetative reproduction in potato plants

5. Examples of asexual reproduction.
Runners in strawberry

6. Sexual reproduction in plants
 To reproduce sexually plants have male
and female reproductive organs in their
flowers.
 The male part is called the stamen
 The female part is called the carpel

10. POLLINATION
It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anthers to the
stigma
Pollinating agents
Insects Wind

11. Differences between insect &
wind pollinated flowers
Insect pollinated Wind pollinated
 Have large colored
petals with guide lines
 Have a scent
 Have a nectary on which
insects feed
 Have a sticky stigma for
pollen grains to stick on it
 The female and male
organs are enclosed in
the flower
 Pollen grains are larger
with spikes to hold on
insect body
 Have small green petals,
no guide lines
 Have no scent
 Have no nectary
 Have a feathery stigma to
catch the pollen in the air
 The female and male
organs are hanging
outside the flower
 Pollen grains are smaller
& light weight to be carried
by wind

12. POLLEN GRAINS AS SEEN UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
Can you tell which belongs to insect pollinated flowers / wind pollinated flowers?

13. FERTILISATION
It is the joining of male and female cells to produce a zygote.
Ovary Fruit
Ovary wall Fruit cover
Ovule Seed

14. Seed structure
D

15. Seed germination
 Once a seed falls onto a suitable surface
it starts to grow.
 Conditions required for seed germination:
1. Suitable temperature
2. Oxygen
3. Water