This document discusses nutrition and a healthy diet. It explains that a balanced diet contains all nutrients in the right amounts, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, water, and fiber. Each nutrient provides the body with different benefits. The document also discusses transmissible diseases, which can spread from one person to another through parasites like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or insects. Good hygiene practices like handwashing and cleaning surfaces can help prevent the spread of diseases. Insect-borne diseases like malaria are especially common in tropical regions, so preventing insect bites is important.

1. HEALTH
&
DISEASE
C H A P T E R 3

2. NUTRITION & A HEALTHY DIET
• Nutrition:
• Taking substances from the surroundings; needed for respiration,
growth and tissue repair.
• A balanced diet contains all nutrients in the right amounts
according to the body needs.
• The seven main nutrients in a human diet: (page 20)
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4. Minerals
5. Vitamins
6. Water
7. Fibres

3. FOOD GROUPS
are used as a
fuel for the
body, provide
body with
energy for
respiration and
growth.
CARBOHYDRATES

4. PROTEINS
Provide the body
with molecules
needed to make
new cells.
Useful for
growth and
repair.

5. FATS
Stored under
the skin, acts
as a heat
insulator to
keep body
warm. It is a
good store of
energy.
butter
cheese
milk
cream
Ghee/
margarine oil
Oil

6. VITAMINS
Provide the
body with
molecules
needed for a
strong immune
system, nerves,
bones, skin and
blood vessels.
For general
body health.

7. NUTRIENTS TABLE (PAGE 20)
Carbohydrates Proteins Fats
Uses in the
body
Provides the
body cells with
energy.
Needed to make
new cells for
growth and tissue
repair.
- Forms a layer
under the skin
to keep the body
warm.
- Act as a store of
energy .
Food rich in
it
Bread, pasta,
rice, potatoes,
jam
Meat, chicken,
fish milk & milk
products, beans,
peas.
Butter, oil, cream,
nuts.

8. HEALTHY OR UNHEALTHY FOOD?

9. GOOD NUTRITIONAL HABITS
• Too much sugar causes
tooth decay and obesity.
• Too much fat will cause
heart disease and obesity.
• Too little fibres cause
constipation.
• So a healthy diet is one
that rich in fibres such as
vegetables and fruits &
has little sugar, fat & salt.

11. DISEASES
• Disease: unhealthy
state of the body or
mind.
• Some diseases are
caused by injuries,
unhealthy habits,
inherited genetic
traits... etc. These are
not transmissible
diseases. Disease
Injuries
Lifestyle disease
Genetic disease
Transmissible
disease

12. TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASES
• A transmissible disease is a
disease that can infect other
humans.
• It is caused by a parasite,
which is an organism that lives
on or inside another organism
causing it harm.
• The organism being harmed is
called the host.
• Parasites can be insects such as
a mosquito or flea. Some fungi
cause disease as well as some
bacteria and viruses.
Host
Parasite
Parasite
Insect Worm Fungus Bacterium Virus

13. BODY
DEFENCES
Fortunately,
our body has
several ways
to defend
itself against
diseases.

14. WAYS TO KEEP
DISEASE
AWAY
1. Wash your hands with soap when
eating, preparing food & using the
bathroom.
2. Brush your teeth twice a day.
3. Clip your nails short.
4. Wash vegetables & fruits before eating
or cooking.
5. Cut vegetables & fruit on a different
cutting board than raw meat & poultry.
6. Clean, disinfect & cover wounds.
7. Cover your mouth & nose when
sneezing or coughing.
8. Keep your kitchen & toilets clean &
dry.
9. Keep your food covered to prevent
flies other insects & pets from
touching them.
To further reduce the
spread of disease we
should keep ourselves
and things around us
clean.
Good hygiene can lead
to a healthy life. What
tips could you give to
prevent the spread of
disease?

15. TRANSMITTED DISEASES
• Some serious diseases, such as
malaria, yellow fever & sleeping
sickness, are spread by insects.
Malaria and yellow fever are
spread by mosquitos. Sleeping
sickness is spread by tsetse fly.
• The insects don’t cause the
disease, but they spread the
parasite when
they bite you.
• The insects are not affected by
the parasite. We say insects are
vectors.

16. PREVENTING
INSECT BITES
Not all countries are
affected by malaria.
It is found mostly in
hot and rainy
regions as the
mosquitos lay their
eggs on still water
such as in swamps of
rainy countries.

17. PREVENTING INSECT BITES
• The best way to prevent a disease spread
by insects is not getting bitten. These are
ways you can prevent insect bites:
• Sleep under bed nets
• Wear long sleeves and trousers
• Keep doors and windows closed at night
when mosquitos are active
• Use insect repellent on your skin to keep
insects away.